Article(id=1217845642504880877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250523002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1747929600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286627651, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286627651, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286627651, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286627651, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=230, endPage=237, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845642966254357, articleId=1217845642504880877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Screening and identification of lactic acid bacteria with antibacterial activity from Liuzhou fermented bamboo shoots and analysis of the antibacterial substances, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To obtain excellent lactic acid bacteria with bacteriostatic activity from fermented bamboo shoots and analyze their antibacterial substances. Methods Using Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots as raw materials, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as indicator bacteria, and inhibition zone diameter as evaluation indicator, the Oxford Cup method was used to screen lactic acid bacteria with higher antibacterial properties. The strain was identified by morphological observation and molecular biological technique. Finally, the effects of pH, temperature and enzyme treatment on the antibacterial activity of the fermentation supernatant of the strain were analyzed. Results A total of 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots, among which 10 strains had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and strain LZ-6 had the strongest antibacterial activity, with a diameter of more than 15 mm for the inhibition zone. The strain LZ-6 was identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum. The antibacterial substances produced by strain LZ-6 exhibit good antibacterial activity only under acidic conditions and had good thermal stability. After protease treatment, there was no significant change in antibacterial activity (P>0.05), indicated that the protein in the fermentation supernatant had no antibacterial effect. Conclusion A fermented lactobacillus LZ-6 with good antibacterial activity is screened from Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots. Its antibacterial substances are organic acids with stable activity and are not affected by temperature and enzymes. The lactic acid bacteria derived from fermented bamboo shoots obtained in this study can be used in the fields of sour bamboo shoot fermentation and biological preservatives, and lay the foundation for the separation, identification and mechanism research of antibacterial substances.

, correspAuthors=Jian-Wen XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jin-Lan WU, Yun BAI, Hai HUANG, Na CUI, Jian-Wen XIONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217845646825014255, articleId=1217845642504880877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=柳州酸笋中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及抑菌物质分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 筛选酸笋中具有抑菌活性的优良乳酸菌并对其抑菌物质进行分析。方法 以柳州传统发酵酸笋为原料, 金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为指示菌, 抑菌圈直径为评价指标, 利用牛津杯法对抑菌特性较高乳酸菌进行筛选, 并采用形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定, 最后分析pH、温度、酶处理该菌株发酵上清液对其抗菌物质活性的影响。结果 从柳州传统发酵酸笋中共分离得到26株乳酸菌, 其中10株对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有抑菌活性, 且菌株LZ-6的抑菌能力最强, 抑菌圈直径均大于15 mm; 经鉴定, 菌株LZ-6为发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)。菌株LZ-6产生的抗菌物质在只有在酸性条件下才能发挥良好抗菌活性且具有较好的热稳定性; 经蛋白酶处理后, 抗菌活性无显著变化(P>0.05), 表明发酵上清液中蛋白质没有抗菌作用。结论 该研究从柳州酸笋中筛选得到1株具有较好抑菌活性的发酵乳杆菌LZ-6, 其抑菌物质是一种活性稳定、不受温度和酶影响的有机酸类物质。该研究获得的酸笋源乳酸菌可用于酸笋发酵和生物防腐剂领域, 且为抑菌物质分离、鉴定和抑菌机制研究奠定基础。

, correspAuthors=熊建文, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 熊建文(1981—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为微生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
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吴锦兰(1990—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:

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label=Fig.2, caption=Antibacterial effect diagram of strain LZ-6, figureFileSmall=lUImedqyHyU2BXMBFZwuew==, figureFileBig=8rK4lPitktmX73Gfpw3UFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261733368196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株LZ-6的抑菌效果, figureFileSmall=lUImedqyHyU2BXMBFZwuew==, figureFileBig=8rK4lPitktmX73Gfpw3UFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261871780240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Morphological characteristics of strain LZ-6, figureFileSmall=QXdqkKEiDTHsnSkis+FOAQ==, figureFileBig=/LNXuJeS0jKIQ6m6HgqJ7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261980832158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株LZ-6的形态特征图

注: A. 菌株LZ-6的菌落形态; B. 菌株LZ-6的细胞形态。

, figureFileSmall=QXdqkKEiDTHsnSkis+FOAQ==, figureFileBig=/LNXuJeS0jKIQ6m6HgqJ7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864262094078379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=PCR amplification for 16S rDNA of strain LZ-6, figureFileSmall=KEr8vwd1M7/+hQPwxMBDDA==, figureFileBig=nSXSq8qk5TQttwNTBJGWOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864262215713206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株LZ-6的16S rDNA PCR扩增

注: M. DNA Marker ; 1. 菌株LZ-6。

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Diameter of inhibition zone of 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria against indicator bacteria (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验菌 抑菌圈直径/mm
金黄色葡萄球菌 大肠杆菌
对照组 - -
LZ-1 - -
LZ-2 9.12±0.23d 8.54±0.16d
LZ-3 - -
LZ-4 - -
LZ-5 10.62±0.32c 10.78±0.41b
LZ-6 15.32±0.24a 16.50±0.18a
LZ-7 - -
LZ-8 9.02±0.36d 9.12±0.26c
LZ-9 - -
LZ-10 8.98±0.14e -
LZ-11 - -
LZ-12 8.66±0.27e 8.22±0.23de
LZ-13 - 8.56±0.25d
LZ-14 - -
LZ-15 - -
LZ-16 11.12±0.24b 9.72±0.25c
LZ-17 - -
LZ-18 - -
LZ-19 - -
LZ-20 - -
LZ-21 - -
LZ-22 10.36±0.19cd 8.88±0.34d
LZ-23 8.86±0.28e 9.02±0.38cd
LZ-24 - -
LZ-25 - -
LZ-26 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1217864262844858860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

26株乳酸菌对指示菌的抑菌圈直径大小(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验菌 抑菌圈直径/mm
金黄色葡萄球菌 大肠杆菌
对照组 - -
LZ-1 - -
LZ-2 9.12±0.23d 8.54±0.16d
LZ-3 - -
LZ-4 - -
LZ-5 10.62±0.32c 10.78±0.41b
LZ-6 15.32±0.24a 16.50±0.18a
LZ-7 - -
LZ-8 9.02±0.36d 9.12±0.26c
LZ-9 - -
LZ-10 8.98±0.14e -
LZ-11 - -
LZ-12 8.66±0.27e 8.22±0.23de
LZ-13 - 8.56±0.25d
LZ-14 - -
LZ-15 - -
LZ-16 11.12±0.24b 9.72±0.25c
LZ-17 - -
LZ-18 - -
LZ-19 - -
LZ-20 - -
LZ-21 - -
LZ-22 10.36±0.19cd 8.88±0.34d
LZ-23 8.86±0.28e 9.02±0.38cd
LZ-24 - -
LZ-25 - -
LZ-26 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1217864262932939255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=EN, label=Table2, caption=

Antibacterial activity of strain LZ-6 under different conditions (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 处理方式 抑菌圈直径/mm
金黄色葡萄球菌 大肠杆菌
对照组 未处理 15.32±0.24 16.50±0.18
排除过氧化
氢试验
过氧化物酶 15.16±0.23 16.32±0.19
酸碱稳定试验 pH 3.0 15.46±0.16 16.62±0.42
pH 7.0 - -
热处理试验 60 ℃、20 min 15.12±0.32 16.29±0.26
80 ℃、20 min 15.36±0.18 16.31±0.32
100 ℃、20 min 15.09±0.23 16.06±0.16
蛋白酶敏感试验 蛋白酶K 15.11±0.18 16.36±0.26
), ArticleFig(id=1217864263222346251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642504880877, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同试验条件处理下菌株LZ-6的抑菌活性(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验项目 处理方式 抑菌圈直径/mm
金黄色葡萄球菌 大肠杆菌
对照组 未处理 15.32±0.24 16.50±0.18
排除过氧化
氢试验
过氧化物酶 15.16±0.23 16.32±0.19
酸碱稳定试验 pH 3.0 15.46±0.16 16.62±0.42
pH 7.0 - -
热处理试验 60 ℃、20 min 15.12±0.32 16.29±0.26
80 ℃、20 min 15.36±0.18 16.31±0.32
100 ℃、20 min 15.09±0.23 16.06±0.16
蛋白酶敏感试验 蛋白酶K 15.11±0.18 16.36±0.26
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柳州酸笋中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及抑菌物质分析
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吴锦兰 1, 2, 3 , 白云 1 , 黄海 3, 4 , 崔娜 1, 2, 3 , 熊建文 1, 2, 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(16): 230-237
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(16): 230-237
柳州酸笋中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及抑菌物质分析
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吴锦兰1, 2, 3 , 白云1, 黄海3, 4, 崔娜1, 2, 3, 熊建文1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 柳州工学院食品与化学工程学院, 柳州 545616
  • 2 柳州市螺蛳粉植物源性配料研究重点实验室, 柳州 545616
  • 3 柳州市特色食品风味与品质控制工程技术研究中心, 柳州 545616
  • 4 广西美申园食品科技集团有限公司, 柳州 545616
  • 吴锦兰(1990—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 熊建文(1981—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为微生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
Screening and identification of lactic acid bacteria with antibacterial activity from Liuzhou fermented bamboo shoots and analysis of the antibacterial substances
Jin-Lan WU1, 2, 3 , Yun BAI1, Hai HUANG3, 4, Na CUI1, 2, 3, Jian-Wen XIONG1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Liuzhou Institute of Technology, Liuzhou 545616, China
  • 2 Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Plant-derived Ingredients of Liuzhou Luosifen, Liuzhou 545616, China
  • 3 Liuzhou Special Food Flavor and Quality Control Research Center of Engineering Technology, Liuzhou 545616, China
  • 4 Guangxi Meishenyuan Food Technology Group Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545616, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250523002
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目的 筛选酸笋中具有抑菌活性的优良乳酸菌并对其抑菌物质进行分析。方法 以柳州传统发酵酸笋为原料, 金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为指示菌, 抑菌圈直径为评价指标, 利用牛津杯法对抑菌特性较高乳酸菌进行筛选, 并采用形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定, 最后分析pH、温度、酶处理该菌株发酵上清液对其抗菌物质活性的影响。结果 从柳州传统发酵酸笋中共分离得到26株乳酸菌, 其中10株对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有抑菌活性, 且菌株LZ-6的抑菌能力最强, 抑菌圈直径均大于15 mm; 经鉴定, 菌株LZ-6为发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)。菌株LZ-6产生的抗菌物质在只有在酸性条件下才能发挥良好抗菌活性且具有较好的热稳定性; 经蛋白酶处理后, 抗菌活性无显著变化(P>0.05), 表明发酵上清液中蛋白质没有抗菌作用。结论 该研究从柳州酸笋中筛选得到1株具有较好抑菌活性的发酵乳杆菌LZ-6, 其抑菌物质是一种活性稳定、不受温度和酶影响的有机酸类物质。该研究获得的酸笋源乳酸菌可用于酸笋发酵和生物防腐剂领域, 且为抑菌物质分离、鉴定和抑菌机制研究奠定基础。

酸笋  /  乳酸菌  /  抑菌活性  /  筛选  /  鉴定  /  抑菌物质

Objective To obtain excellent lactic acid bacteria with bacteriostatic activity from fermented bamboo shoots and analyze their antibacterial substances. Methods Using Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots as raw materials, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as indicator bacteria, and inhibition zone diameter as evaluation indicator, the Oxford Cup method was used to screen lactic acid bacteria with higher antibacterial properties. The strain was identified by morphological observation and molecular biological technique. Finally, the effects of pH, temperature and enzyme treatment on the antibacterial activity of the fermentation supernatant of the strain were analyzed. Results A total of 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots, among which 10 strains had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and strain LZ-6 had the strongest antibacterial activity, with a diameter of more than 15 mm for the inhibition zone. The strain LZ-6 was identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum. The antibacterial substances produced by strain LZ-6 exhibit good antibacterial activity only under acidic conditions and had good thermal stability. After protease treatment, there was no significant change in antibacterial activity (P>0.05), indicated that the protein in the fermentation supernatant had no antibacterial effect. Conclusion A fermented lactobacillus LZ-6 with good antibacterial activity is screened from Liuzhou traditional fermented bamboo shoots. Its antibacterial substances are organic acids with stable activity and are not affected by temperature and enzymes. The lactic acid bacteria derived from fermented bamboo shoots obtained in this study can be used in the fields of sour bamboo shoot fermentation and biological preservatives, and lay the foundation for the separation, identification and mechanism research of antibacterial substances.

fermented bamboo shoot  /  lactic acid bacteria  /  antibacterial activity  /  screening  /  identification  /  antibacterial substance
吴锦兰, 白云, 黄海, 崔娜, 熊建文. 柳州酸笋中具有抑菌活性乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及抑菌物质分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 230 -237 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250523002
Jin-Lan WU, Yun BAI, Hai HUANG, Na CUI, Jian-Wen XIONG. Screening and identification of lactic acid bacteria with antibacterial activity from Liuzhou fermented bamboo shoots and analysis of the antibacterial substances[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 230 -237 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250523002
随着人们生活水平的不断提高和食品安全意识的日益增强, 挖掘安全、广谱、高效的生物抑菌剂具有重要意义[1-3]。乳酸菌广泛存在于自然界中, 包括乳制品、发酵食品、肠道等环境中, 具有调节肠道菌群平衡、促进营养物质吸收和机体生长发育、提高人体免疫力等多种有益于人体健康的功能, 是公认的食品级安全微生物[4-5]。乳酸菌来源的新型抑菌剂, 因其具有生产成本低、安全性高、抑菌效果好等优点, 已成为当前研究热点之一[6-7]。余金凤等[8]从西藏牦牛乳曲拉中分离得到一株短乳杆菌, 该菌株对食品污染常见菌株具有抑菌效果, 在食品开发中有较好的应用价值。杨珍珠等[9]从鲜羊奶中筛选获得3株产细菌素的乳酸菌, 抑菌能力强, 具有益生菌特质及应用价值。徐云凤等[10]以内蒙古酸菜为原料, 从中分离得到一株植物乳杆菌, 对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较强的抑菌效果, 在发酵食品生产和食品防腐保鲜等领域具有潜在的应用价值。
酸笋作为南方地区的传统发酵食材, 历史悠久, 也是柳州螺蛳粉的重要配菜之一。酸笋是以竹笋为原料, 利用自然附着微生物发酵制作而成, 具有丰富微生物资源, 也是筛选功能菌的重要来源之一[11-12]。卢宏皓等[13]筛选得到一株酸笋源高产甘露醇异型发酵的柠檬明串珠菌NM-12。熊建文等[14]从酸笋中筛选得到一株具有较高降解胆固醇能力的植物乳酸菌, 降解率达54.27%。
关于酸笋多以加工工艺[15-16]、营养成分与风味[17-18]、微生物多样性和功能性[19-20]为研究重点, 然而现阶段针对酸笋中具抑菌性乳酸菌的研究报道相对较少。本研究从柳州酸笋中分离筛选出具有抑菌活性乳酸菌, 随后进行菌株鉴定, 最后分析pH、温度、酶处理该菌株发酵上清液对其抗菌物质活性的影响, 为开发酸笋来源的优良乳酸菌作为生物防腐剂提供一定参考, 同时为其抑菌代谢产物的开发和应用奠定基础。
酸笋, 采购于广西柳州市; 金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus) CGMCC1.89、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) CGMCC1.2170, 购买于中国普通微生物学菌种保藏管理中心。
碳酸钙、氢氧化钠(分析纯, 成都金山化学试剂有限公司); 过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶K(生物试剂, 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司); LB培养基、MRS培养基(生物试剂, 上海博微生物有限公司)。
BSC-1304生物安全柜(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); Genosens1880凝胶成像仪(上海勤翔科学仪器有限公司); L9800热循环仪(北京莱普特科学仪器有限公司); EX30生物显微镜(舜宇光学科技有限公司); 牛津杯(6 mm×8 mm× 10 mm, 北京普博斯生物科技有限公司)。
参考文献[21]方法, 对柳州酸笋中乳酸菌进行分离纯化, 并编号、保存备用。
(1)制备菌株发酵上清液: 参考文献[22]方法, 将分离得到的乳酸菌培养、离心、过滤后制备发酵上清液备用。
(2)测定菌株抑菌活性: 参考文献[23]方法, 以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为指示菌, 以未接菌的MRS培养基作为对照。再采用牛津杯平板法, 检测菌株发酵上清液的抑菌活性。
(1)形态学观察: 参考文献[24]方法, 对目标菌株进行菌落和细胞形态观察。
(2)分子生物学鉴定: 参考文献[25]方法, 对目标菌株进行同源性分析和系统发育树构建。
(1)过氧化氢排除实验: 参考文献[26]方法并稍作修改。具体如下, 将菌株发酵上清液用质量浓度为1 mg/mL的过氧化氢酶处理2 h后, 按1.3.2(2)的方法测定比较处理前后发酵上清液抑菌活性的变化。
(2) pH对抑菌物质活性的影响: 参考文献[26]方法并稍作修改。具体如下, 用氢氧化钠溶液将发酵上清液pH调节7.0, 按1.3.2(2)的方法测定比较处理前后发酵上清液抑菌活性的变化。
(3)温度对抑菌物质活性的影响: 参考文献[26]方法并稍作修改。具体如下, 将发酵上清液分别在60、80、100 ℃水浴中处理20 min, 按1.3.2(2)的方法测定比较处理前后发酵上清液抑菌活性的变化。
(4)蛋白酶对抑菌物质活性的影响: 参考文献[26]方法并稍作修改。具体如下, 将发酵上清液用质量浓度为1 mg/mL的蛋白酶K处理2 h后, 按1.3.2(2)的方法测定比较处理前后发酵上清液抑菌活性的变化。
所有实验均重复3次, 实验数据以平均值±标准偏差表示。采用SPSS 28.0进行单因素方差分析(P<0.05表示差异显著)和Excel 2016、Origin 2018进行计算及绘图。
酸笋利用新鲜竹笋自身的微生物发酵而成, 其中富含丰富的乳酸菌资源。钟源等[27]对广西酸笋微生物多样性进行了分析, 发现乳杆菌属为酸笋的主要优势属, 属于乳酸菌的一种。陈正培等[28]也成功分离得到22株酸笋来源乳酸菌。试验样品经涂布和多次纯化检验后, 最终利用专门用于培养乳酸菌的MRS-CaCO3培养基从柳州酸笋中共分离得到26株形态均一的乳白色菌株, 菌落周围都出现典型的溶钙圈(见图1), 且革兰氏染色反应为阳性、接触酶反应为阴性, 初步判断分离得到的菌株为乳酸菌, 并分别编号为: LZ-1~LZ-26。
金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌分别是革兰氏阳性和阴性菌, 是食品中两种常见致病菌, 以它们为指示菌具有一定代表性。这26株乳酸菌对两种指示菌的抑制效果见表1, 结果显示菌株LZ-2、LZ-5、LZ-6、LZ-8、LZ-10、LZ-12、LZ-13、LZ-16、LZ-22、LZ-23均具有抑菌性, 其中菌株LZ-6的抑菌效果最强, 抑菌圈直径均达到15 mm以上。孙昊等[29]从农家卤水中分离出一株耐盐耐酸具抑菌活性的乳酸菌, 其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈分别为7.6 mm和11 mm。侍宝路等[30]筛选得到一株高产细菌素乳酸菌, 能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等致病菌, 抑菌圈分别为10.40 mm和11.61 mm, 均低于试验菌株LZ-6的抑菌活性。可见菌株LZ-6具有较好的抑菌效果(见图2), 因此选择菌株LZ-6作为后续实验所用菌。
菌株LZ-6的菌落形态特征结果见图3。由图3A可知, 菌株LZ-6培养后的菌落颜色呈乳白色、表面圆润光滑、不透明、凸起、边缘整齐; 进行革兰氏染色和显微观察其细胞形态, 由图3B可知, 菌株LZ-6的细胞呈短杆状、无芽孢、无鞭毛, 革兰氏染色为紫色呈阳性。
通过比较菌株的特定基因的序列, 可以更准确地鉴定菌株的种属, 可有效避免传统鉴定方法中的主观误判和误解。16S rDNA基因具有对维持核糖体的结构和功能非常重要的高度保守区域, 以及包含不同物种特有的独特序列的可变区域, 是一种常用于分子生物学研究的基因, 可用于鉴定和分析细菌物种[31]。实验对菌株LZ-6的总DNA进行提取, 并以此为模板对菌株的16S rDNA进行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增, 电泳检测结果见图4, 获得的目的片段大小在1500 bp左右, 其大小与预期结果一致。
将菌株LZ-6的16S rDNA的PCR产物测序后, 进行同源性分析, 其系统发育树结果见图5。从图5可以看出, 菌株LZ-6与发酵粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)在同一分支中, 表示它们在系统进化树中具有较近的亲缘关系, 且同源性在99%以上, 表示它们之间的基因序列的相似性非常高, 具有很高的同源性。结合菌株LZ-6形态特征, 将菌株LZ-6鉴定为发酵粘液乳杆菌。廖义潇等[32]分离得到一株牛源乳酸菌, 鉴定为发酵粘液乳杆菌, 具有产酸、抑菌等优良的生物学特性。燕宪涛[33]研究发现, 发酵粘液乳杆菌grx08可以用于发酵参荷苓, 具有抗肥功效。此外还有研究发现, 发酵粘液乳杆菌在调节肠道菌群[34]、缓解幽门螺杆菌感染[35]、免疫调节[36]、抑制多种常见病原菌生长[37]等方面发挥着良好功效。可见发酵粘液乳杆菌具有较好的益生功能, 为潜在优良益生菌的候选菌株。
乳酸菌可以通过产生过氧化氢、有机酸、蛋白质、小分子多肽类和细菌素等抑菌物质来抑制致病菌的繁殖和生长[38-39]。通过排除过氧化氢、酸碱稳定、热处理和蛋白酶的敏感性等试验可以对抑菌物质进行初步分析。在不同试验条件处理下对菌株LZ-6抗菌物质活性的影响结果见表2所示。
表2可知, 在排除过氧化氢试验中, 与未处理组相比, 菌株LZ-6发酵上清液经过氧化氢酶处理后其抑菌圈直径无明显变化, 其抑菌效果没有出现明显差异(P>0.05), 该结果与曹珂珂等[40]的实验结果一致, 说明菌株LZ-6发酵上清液中的过氧化氢不是起主要抑菌作用的因素, 排除了过氧化氢的干扰; 在酸碱稳定试验中, 菌株LZ-6发酵液经碱中和至pH为7.0时, 其发酵液的抑菌活性完全丧失, 该结果与向新等[41]的实验结果一致, 说明菌株LZ-6发酵上清液中的抑菌物质只有在酸性条件下才能发挥良好的抑菌作用, 推测菌株LZ-6所产生的抑菌物质可能为有机酸或一种酸依赖性物质[42]; 在热处理试验中, 菌株LZ-6发酵上清液分别在60、80、100 ℃经高温处理后, 其抑菌活性均无显著变化, 该结果与周配东[43]的实验结果一致, 可见热处理不会破坏抑菌物质的活性, 具有较好的热稳定性; 在蛋白酶敏感试验中, 菌株LZ-6发酵上清液经蛋白酶K处理后对抑菌活性无明显变化(P>0.05), 该结果与黄伟等[44]的实验结果一致, 表明菌株LZ-6生产的抑菌物质对蛋白酶不敏感, 不依赖于蛋白质结构。
不同来源的乳酸菌所产生的抑菌物质各不相同, 与其生境和代谢合成产物密切相关。杜贺超等[45]从韩国传统泡菜中筛选得到一株具有广谱抑菌活性的乳酸菌, 研究发现其抑菌物质活性菌对蛋白酶敏感, 具有较好热稳定性, 判断其抑菌物质为细菌素。武昌俊等[46]从安徽传统发酵酸奶中筛选出一株具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌, 并通过实验排除乳酸、乙酸和过氧化氢干扰后, 再经过蛋白酶处理后推测该乳酸菌产生的主要抑菌物质为蛋白类物质。李院等[47]从酱菜中筛选出3株能抑制青霉菌生长的乳酸菌, 研究发现这3株乳酸菌发酵液中的抑菌物质对pH和蛋白酶处理均表现出不同程度敏感性, 且对热处理稳定, 从而推测其抑菌物质的化学成分可能为小分子肽和/或有机酸。本研究从传统发酵酸笋中分离得到的乳酸菌LZ-6通过一系列实验(过氧化氢酶处理、酸碱稳定性测试、热稳定性测试、蛋白酶敏感性测试)系统地分析推测得出其主要抑菌物质为含有热稳定的有机酸或一种酸依赖性物质, 可为其抑菌代谢产物的进一步开发和应用奠定一定基础。
发酵食品含有乳酸菌、酵母菌、醋酸菌等丰富的微生物资源, 是筛选益生菌的重要原材料之一。叶朋飞等[48]对自然富源酸菜中的益生菌进行了研究, 成功分离得到4株具有耐受性、抑菌活性和抗生素敏感性等特性的益生菌。酸笋作为我国南方地区的特色发酵食品, 由于其特色的风味深受当地人们喜爱, 目前有关酸笋中益生菌, 特别是抑菌方面特性的研究较少。
本研究以柳州传统发酵酸笋为原料, 成功分离出26株酸笋源乳酸菌, 通过抑菌能力检测, 确定10株乳酸菌对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有一定抑菌活性, 且菌株LZ-6的抑菌能力最强, 抑菌圈直径均大于15 mm。将获得的菌株LZ-6测序结果在美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center of Biotechnology Information, NCBI)上进行比对分析, 鉴定菌株LZ-6属于发酵粘液乳杆菌。大量研究表明发酵粘液乳杆菌能够在人和动物体内发挥益生作用, 在多个领域具有一定的应用潜力[32-36]。同时该菌株的获得补充和扩展了酸笋源益生菌的菌株资源, 有望作为酸笋发酵直投式优良菌株, 同时可为酸笋来源乳酸菌作为生物防腐剂和抗菌剂应用到食品工业中提供一定的理论参考。
为进一步了解菌株LZ-6代谢产物中抑菌物质的特性, 本研究从排除过氧化氢、排酸、热处理和蛋白酶的敏感性4个方面的试验对菌株LZ-6长生的抑菌物质进行分析。经过氧化氢酶处理后, 抑菌活性无明显变化, 排除了过氧化氢为主要抑菌物质的可能。pH调节至中性后, 菌株LZ-6发酵上清液的抑菌活性彻底丧失, 路则宝等[49]研究中菌株在pH调至6.5时抑菌活性已丧失, 杜贺超等[45]发现其研究的植物乳杆菌抑菌活性在pH为7.0时消失, 均与本研究结果相似。可见菌株LZ-6的主要抑菌物质应该为有机酸或一种酸依赖性物质。经蛋白酶处理后, 菌株LZ-6发酵液的抑菌活性均未受影响, 表现对蛋白酶不敏感, 初步排除了蛋白质等多肽类 物质作为抑菌物质的可能。热处理发现, 菌株LZ-6所产生的抑菌物质活性并未被破坏, 对热不敏感, 具有热稳定性, 此结论与孙小涵等[26]发现的植物乳杆菌抑菌物质为有机酸的特性一致。综上得出发酵乳酸菌LZ-6的主要抑菌物质为一种活性稳定、不受温度和酶影响的有机酸类物质。研究表明, 有机酸能够增强胃肠道消化功能[50]、促进营养物质吸收[51]、提高机体免疫力[52]。因此研究乳酸菌及其所产有机酸, 对开发新型绿色食品或药品添加剂具有很大的价值。后续可对该乳酸菌的抑菌物质进一步分离纯化及鉴定, 同时扩展其在食品防腐中的应用。
  • 广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2025KY1159)
  • 柳州工学院科学基金项目(2021KYJJ01)
  • 柳州工学院科学基金项目(2021KYJJ02)
  • 广西酸笋发酵机理及复合发酵菌剂研究项目(20210715)
  • 柳州工学院专创融合示范课程建设项目(2024SFK13)
  • 柳州市职业教育教学改革课题项目(LZJ2024C034)
  • 柳州工学院课程思政专项(2021JGK035)
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2025年第16卷第16期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250523002
  • 接收时间:2025-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23
基金
广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2025KY1159)
柳州工学院科学基金项目(2021KYJJ01)
柳州工学院科学基金项目(2021KYJJ02)
广西酸笋发酵机理及复合发酵菌剂研究项目(20210715)
柳州工学院专创融合示范课程建设项目(2024SFK13)
柳州市职业教育教学改革课题项目(LZJ2024C034)
柳州工学院课程思政专项(2021JGK035)
作者信息
    1 柳州工学院食品与化学工程学院, 柳州 545616
    2 柳州市螺蛳粉植物源性配料研究重点实验室, 柳州 545616
    3 柳州市特色食品风味与品质控制工程技术研究中心, 柳州 545616
    4 广西美申园食品科技集团有限公司, 柳州 545616

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* 熊建文(1981—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为微生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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