Article(id=1217845642362278479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250418001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744905600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768286627617, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768286627617, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768286627617, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768286627617, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217845635080962613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768286625881, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768287480278, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217849218753024880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217845635080962613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=221, endPage=229, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217845642853012082, articleId=1217845642362278479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of temperature fluctuations in cold chain circulation on quality degradation of pre-prepared grilled fish, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles, induced by temperature fluctuations during cold chain circulation, on the quality deterioration of pre-prepared grilled fish. Methods An accelerated deterioration model was established through extreme treatment to examine the effects of up to 8 freeze-thaw cycles on microstructure, texture properties, pH, color parameters and lipid oxidation. Correlation analysis was conducted to identify the primary factors contributing to quality degradation. Results As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, muscle tissue damage intensified, myofibril structures fractured, and hardness, elasticity, chewiness and shear force declined, while adhesiveness increased. The pH value showed a decreasing-then-increasing trend. Overall, the lightness value (L*) progressively decreased, while the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values continuously increased. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value significantly increased from 0.28 mg/kg to 2.00 mg/kg (P<0.05). After 6 cycles, the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content exceeded the national safety limit for consumption (27.43 mg/100 g, national standard limit≤25 mg/100 g). Conclusion The quality of pre-cooked grilled fish significantly deteriorates during distribution, and the damage becomes more severe with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. After more than 5 cycles, the product is no longer suitable for consumption. These findings provide a scientific basis for quality control strategies in the cold chain logistics of pre-prepared aquatic products.

, correspAuthors=Zhen-Xing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hua FENG, Jia-Ning GUAN, Zhi-Yu LIU, Xin-Yu XU, Wei-Li MU, Hong LIN, Hao WANG, Fu-Lei LUAN, Zhen-Xing LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217845646355256097, articleId=1217845642362278479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=冷链流通过程中温度波动对预制烤鱼品质劣变的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究预制烤鱼在冷链流通过程中因温度波动引发的反复冻融现象对其品质劣变的影响。方法 采用极端化处理构建品质加速劣变模型, 研究冻融次数(8次)对预制烤鱼微观组织结构、质构特性、pH、色差及脂肪氧化等指标的影响规律, 并结合相关性分析明确主导品质劣变的关键因素。结果 随冻融次数增加, 肌肉组织受损加剧, 肌纤维断裂明显, 硬度、弹性、咀嚼性与剪切力下降, 胶黏性上升; pH呈先降后升趋势; 总体上, 亮度值(L*)逐渐下降, 红度值(a*)与黄度值(b*)持续升高; 硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS)含量由0.28 mg/kg显著升高至2.00 mg/kg (P<0.05); 6次冻融后产品挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)含量超出食用安全限值(27.43 mg/100 g, 国家标准≤25 mg/100 g)。结论 预制烤鱼在流通过程中品质显著下降, 且随着冻融次数的增加, 预制烤鱼品质破坏更为严重, 经超过5次冻融后已不宜食用, 这为其在冷链流通中的品质调控提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=李振兴, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李振兴(1978—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品安全与质量控制。E-mail:
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封铧(1995—), 男, 博士后, 主要研究方向为食品安全与质量控制。E-mail:

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LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2018, 91: 213-221., articleTitle=Antioxidant capacity of fermented soybeans and their protective effect on protein oxidation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) during repeated freezing-thawing (FT) treatments, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217864262224106197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, awardId=2023TSGC0639, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0639), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217864262375101155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, awardId=CARS-47, language=CN, fundingSource=国家海水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-47), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217864252359102538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252367491145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252359102538, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252371685450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252359102538, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院, 青岛 266003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217864252459765844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252472348756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252459765844, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252480737365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252459765844, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 福建省水产研究所, 福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室, 厦门 361013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217864252606566495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252614955105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252606566495, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Rongcheng Yinhai Aquatic Product Co., Ltd., Weihai 264300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252623343715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252606566495, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 荣成银海水产有限公司, 威海 264300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217864252761755765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252770144375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252761755765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Hisense Refrigerator Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217864252778532983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, companyId=1217864252761755765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 海信冰箱有限公司, 青岛 266104)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217864258851885603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the microstructure of pre-prepared grilled fish, figureFileSmall=nPukC64VZo8qDNnPoN+Dkw==, figureFileBig=INSYQQp4YY/EK0qEuzuNbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864258977714734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图1, caption=反复冻融对预制烤鱼微观结构的影响

注: 0~8分别代表冻融次数, 0代表新鲜的鱼肉样品。

, figureFileSmall=nPukC64VZo8qDNnPoN+Dkw==, figureFileBig=INSYQQp4YY/EK0qEuzuNbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864260370223681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on texture characteristics of pre-prepared grilled fish (n=3), figureFileSmall=bnDTKefM7QGZNAu8L1VKNg==, figureFileBig=rei1LPJCH1ZwHwTAs2gzow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864260533801549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图2, caption=反复冻融对预制烤鱼质构特性的影响(n=3)

注: 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05), 图35~6同。

, figureFileSmall=bnDTKefM7QGZNAu8L1VKNg==, figureFileBig=rei1LPJCH1ZwHwTAs2gzow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864260617687637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the shear force of pre-prepared grilled fish (n=3), figureFileSmall=42IGNboqBCuZgBDpr4PnXw==, figureFileBig=loeUFOVj+IEKNWj3zQ9HHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864260726739549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图3, caption=反复冻融对预制烤鱼剪切力的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=42IGNboqBCuZgBDpr4PnXw==, figureFileBig=loeUFOVj+IEKNWj3zQ9HHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864260844180071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on pH of pre-prepared grilled fish (n=3), figureFileSmall=LEzjR4au/3k4+D9G9RNizw==, figureFileBig=oix5W1HfM/EY73jNsIYfHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864260949037679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图4, caption=反复冻融对预制烤鱼pH的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=LEzjR4au/3k4+D9G9RNizw==, figureFileBig=oix5W1HfM/EY73jNsIYfHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261049700980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on TBARS of pre-prepared grilled fish (n=3), figureFileSmall=RuiRB2NCJFbY0UHVUcr8Ow==, figureFileBig=nmdofYHOdpNy0LSLyp98aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261263610503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图5, caption=反复冻融对预制烤鱼TBARS值的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=RuiRB2NCJFbY0UHVUcr8Ow==, figureFileBig=nmdofYHOdpNy0LSLyp98aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261376856718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on TVB-N of pre-prepared grilled fish (n=3), figureFileSmall=PQeirDVqoidLsv66Unnp+g==, figureFileBig=A8utFWQEY53rPL5DJ0+ThA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261485908633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图6, caption=反复冻融对预制烤鱼TVB-N的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=PQeirDVqoidLsv66Unnp+g==, figureFileBig=A8utFWQEY53rPL5DJ0+ThA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261603349158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Correlation analysis of each indicator, figureFileSmall=vWsm4ML4P+poslKlvVCntg==, figureFileBig=6VFmG6dv6qGp3sDXEX+yEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261733372589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各指标相关性分析

注: *表示差异显著(P<0.05); **表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=vWsm4ML4P+poslKlvVCntg==, figureFileBig=6VFmG6dv6qGp3sDXEX+yEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217864261842424501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the color of pre-prepared grilled fish (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数 L* a* b*
0 75.48±0.72a -3.21±0.41bc 10.23±0.58d
1 74.03±0.44ab -2.64±0.08a 12.24±0.97cd
2 73.68±0.29ab -2.61±0.11a 13.54±0.16bc
3 72.44±1.39b -3.42±0.15c 13.34±2.09bc
4 74.65±1.49ab -2.67±0.52a 14.23±1.30bc
5 73.85±0.42ab -2.65±0.15a 15.06±0.26b
6 72.76±2.41b -2.99±0.34abc 13.77±1.53bc
7 66.94±1.50c -2.83±0.24ab 14.57±0.56b
8 63.49±3.07d -2.61±0.11a 17.44±2.23a
), ArticleFig(id=1217864261938893501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217845642362278479, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

反复冻融对预制烤鱼色泽的影响(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数 L* a* b*
0 75.48±0.72a -3.21±0.41bc 10.23±0.58d
1 74.03±0.44ab -2.64±0.08a 12.24±0.97cd
2 73.68±0.29ab -2.61±0.11a 13.54±0.16bc
3 72.44±1.39b -3.42±0.15c 13.34±2.09bc
4 74.65±1.49ab -2.67±0.52a 14.23±1.30bc
5 73.85±0.42ab -2.65±0.15a 15.06±0.26b
6 72.76±2.41b -2.99±0.34abc 13.77±1.53bc
7 66.94±1.50c -2.83±0.24ab 14.57±0.56b
8 63.49±3.07d -2.61±0.11a 17.44±2.23a
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封铧 1 , 管家宁 1 , 刘智禹 2 , 许心语 1 , 牟伟丽 3 , 林洪 1 , 王皓 1 , 栾福磊 4 , 李振兴 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(16): 221-229
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(16): 221-229
冷链流通过程中温度波动对预制烤鱼品质劣变的影响
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封铧1 , 管家宁1, 刘智禹2, 许心语1, 牟伟丽3, 林洪1, 王皓1, 栾福磊4, 李振兴1, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院, 青岛 266003
  • 2 福建省水产研究所, 福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室, 厦门 361013
  • 3 荣成银海水产有限公司, 威海 264300
  • 4 海信冰箱有限公司, 青岛 266104
  • 封铧(1995—), 男, 博士后, 主要研究方向为食品安全与质量控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 李振兴(1978—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品安全与质量控制。E-mail:
Effects of temperature fluctuations in cold chain circulation on quality degradation of pre-prepared grilled fish
Hua FENG1 , Jia-Ning GUAN1, Zhi-Yu LIU2, Xin-Yu XU1, Wei-Li MU3, Hong LIN1, Hao WANG1, Fu-Lei LUAN4, Zhen-Xing LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 2 Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
  • 3 Rongcheng Yinhai Aquatic Product Co., Ltd., Weihai 264300, China
  • 4 Hisense Refrigerator Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250418001
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目的 探究预制烤鱼在冷链流通过程中因温度波动引发的反复冻融现象对其品质劣变的影响。方法 采用极端化处理构建品质加速劣变模型, 研究冻融次数(8次)对预制烤鱼微观组织结构、质构特性、pH、色差及脂肪氧化等指标的影响规律, 并结合相关性分析明确主导品质劣变的关键因素。结果 随冻融次数增加, 肌肉组织受损加剧, 肌纤维断裂明显, 硬度、弹性、咀嚼性与剪切力下降, 胶黏性上升; pH呈先降后升趋势; 总体上, 亮度值(L*)逐渐下降, 红度值(a*)与黄度值(b*)持续升高; 硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS)含量由0.28 mg/kg显著升高至2.00 mg/kg (P<0.05); 6次冻融后产品挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)含量超出食用安全限值(27.43 mg/100 g, 国家标准≤25 mg/100 g)。结论 预制烤鱼在流通过程中品质显著下降, 且随着冻融次数的增加, 预制烤鱼品质破坏更为严重, 经超过5次冻融后已不宜食用, 这为其在冷链流通中的品质调控提供理论依据。

预制烤鱼  /  冷链流通  /  温度波动  /  品质劣变

Objective To investigate the effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles, induced by temperature fluctuations during cold chain circulation, on the quality deterioration of pre-prepared grilled fish. Methods An accelerated deterioration model was established through extreme treatment to examine the effects of up to 8 freeze-thaw cycles on microstructure, texture properties, pH, color parameters and lipid oxidation. Correlation analysis was conducted to identify the primary factors contributing to quality degradation. Results As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, muscle tissue damage intensified, myofibril structures fractured, and hardness, elasticity, chewiness and shear force declined, while adhesiveness increased. The pH value showed a decreasing-then-increasing trend. Overall, the lightness value (L*) progressively decreased, while the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values continuously increased. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value significantly increased from 0.28 mg/kg to 2.00 mg/kg (P<0.05). After 6 cycles, the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content exceeded the national safety limit for consumption (27.43 mg/100 g, national standard limit≤25 mg/100 g). Conclusion The quality of pre-cooked grilled fish significantly deteriorates during distribution, and the damage becomes more severe with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. After more than 5 cycles, the product is no longer suitable for consumption. These findings provide a scientific basis for quality control strategies in the cold chain logistics of pre-prepared aquatic products.

pre-prepared grilled fish  /  cold chain circulation  /  temperature fluctuation  /  quality deterioration
封铧, 管家宁, 刘智禹, 许心语, 牟伟丽, 林洪, 王皓, 栾福磊, 李振兴. 冷链流通过程中温度波动对预制烤鱼品质劣变的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (16) : 221 -229 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250418001
Hua FENG, Jia-Ning GUAN, Zhi-Yu LIU, Xin-Yu XU, Wei-Li MU, Hong LIN, Hao WANG, Fu-Lei LUAN, Zhen-Xing LI. Effects of temperature fluctuations in cold chain circulation on quality degradation of pre-prepared grilled fish[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (16) : 221 -229 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250418001
随着现代生活节奏的加快与居民消费水平的不断提升, 营养美味、便捷高效的水产预制菜市场呈现快速增长的趋势。烤鱼凭借独特的风味及丰富的营养价值, 逐渐成为消费者青睐的热门餐饮选择[1]。据《2024年中国烤鱼行业研究发展报告》数据显示, 2018年至2023年中国烤鱼市场规模总体保持上升趋势, 2023年达到1396.6亿元人民币, 同比增长12.6%, 预计至2029年将突破2431.3亿元人民币[2]。近年来, 随着国内预制菜产业链的不断完善, 在消费需求增长与产业供给提质的双驱动下, 预制烤鱼作为兼具风味特色与便捷属性的调理型水产品, 其市场潜力逐渐显现, 满足了快节奏生活背景下消费者对“即热即食”产品的需求。
目前, 市面上大多数预制烤鱼产品以冷冻形式进行流通储运。冷链在保障产品品质方面发挥着关键作用, 然而在实际运输及存储过程中, 因温控管理不当或外界环境变化等原因, 易出现温度波动现象, 进而引发产品多次冻融循环[3-4]。反复冻融不仅导致肌肉组织的机械性破坏, 细胞膜结构受损, 还会促进脂类成分的氧化反应加剧, 从而影响产品质构、风味及色泽等关键品质指标, 降低消费者的接受度[5-6]。已有研究表明, 多次冻融对水产品的品质具有不利影响。ZHANG等[7]发现南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在冷冻温度反复波动条件下, 其肌纤维结构遭受破坏, 肌原纤维蛋白发生变性, 导致持水性和质构性能显著下降。LI等[8]研究指出, 5次冻融循环对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)品质造成不可逆的损伤, 其组织结构完整性降低, 保水能力和口感指标均显著下降。尽管冻融循环对传统冷冻水产品品质变化已有较系统的研究, 但针对预制烤鱼等新兴水产调理制品在冷链流通中温度波动对品质变化的影响研究较少。
本研究通过模拟流通过程中的温度波动现象, 采用反复冻融处理构建品质加速劣变模型, 对预制烤鱼进行不同次数的冻融循环实验, 系统研究冻融循环次数对其微观组织结构、质构特性、pH、色差、脂肪氧化水平以及新鲜度等关键品质指标的影响。旨在揭示反复冻融条件下预制烤鱼理化性质的变化规律, 明确其品质在可接受范围内的最大冻融次数上限, 并通过主成分分析法进一步明确影响产品品质劣变的主要因素, 为冷链流通中预制烤鱼的品质控制提供理论依据与实践指导。
海鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus), 购自青岛市武夷山农贸市场。
磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、无水乙醇、三氯乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸(ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, EDTA)、硼酸、甲基红、溴甲酚绿、碳酸钾、阿拉伯树胶粉、甘油、碳酸钾(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 戊二醛固定液、2-硫代巴比妥酸、1,1,3,3-四乙氧基丙烷(分析纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 乙酸异戊酯(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司)。
ANO-28L电烤箱、BCD-215KS低温冰箱(青岛海尔集团); DZ600/2S真空包装机(青岛诺邦自动化设备有限公司); BS-224-S电子分析天平(精度0.0001 g, 德国赛多利斯有限公司); ALPHA 1-2LD plus冷冻干燥机(德国Christ公司); EM ACE200喷金仪(德国徕卡公司); Sigma 500扫描电镜(德国卡尔·蔡司公司); TMS-Touch质构仪(美国FTC公司); CR-400便携式色差仪(日本柯尼卡美能达公司); MS-PA数显磁力搅拌器、MX-S涡旋振荡器(大龙兴创实验仪器股份公司); FA25均质机(上海弗鲁克科技发展有限公司); TGL-16台式高速冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司); HH-1数显恒温水浴锅(国华电器有限公司); Powerwave XS酶标仪(美国Biotek公司); PHS-3C pH计(上海伟业仪器厂)。
从市场购买新鲜的海鲈鱼, 将其加冰并迅速运输到实验室。对海鲈鱼进行去皮、去鱼骨、去内脏等前处理, 保留背部肌肉并用蒸馏水进行流水清洗。沥干表面水分后, 放入250 ℃的电烤箱中烤制10 min, 冷却至室温后进行真空包装。
冻融处理: 采用反复冻融处理构建品质加速劣变模型, 模拟产品流通过程中温度波动现象。取处理后的预制烤鱼样品放入-18 ℃冰箱中冷冻贮藏24 h, 取出后置于4 ℃冰箱中解冻12 h, 作为1次冻融处理。再放回-18 ℃下进行冷冻贮藏, 重复上述步骤, 共进行8次冻融处理。未经过冷冻的产品为对照组。
参考WANG等[9]的方法并略作修改。将样品切成2.0 cm× 1.0 cm×0.5 cm的块状, 放在体积分数为2.5%的戊二醛溶液中, 溶液与样品的体积比为10:1。将其置于4 ℃下固定24 h后, 用0.1 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4)漂洗3次, 每次15 min。再依次用浓度为30%、50%、70%、80%、90%和100%的乙醇溶液对样品进行梯度脱水处理, 然后用乙酸异戊酯重复洗脱2次, 每次15 min。将样品冷冻干燥24 h并喷金后, 置于扫描电子显微镜下观察、拍照。
参考李锐等[10]的方法并略作修改。将样品切成2.0 cm× 2.0 cm×1.5 cm的块状, 选用P/50平底柱形探头, 采用质地多面剖析(texture profile analysis, TPA)模式测定。测试在室温下进行, 测试速度设置为120 mm/min, 形变量50%, 触发力为0.15 N, 测定样品硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、胶黏性4个指标。每组实验重复6次, 去除最大值和最小值后取平均值。
参考陈佳奇等[11]的方法并略作修改。将样品切成2.0 cm× 2.0 cm×0.5 cm的块状, 使用单刀剪切探头测量样品的剪切力。设置测试前速度设置60 mm/min, 测试后速度60 mm/min, 回程距离为40 mm, 触发力0.1 N。每组实验重复6次, 去除最大值和最小值后取平均值。
使用白板校准后的便携式色差仪直接测定鱼肉表面的亮度值L*、红度值a*、黄度值b*, 对每个样品进行3次重复测定。
参照GB 5009.237—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》的方法测定。
参考LI等[12]的方法并略作修改。称取3 g左右鱼肉样品, 加入30 mL 7.5%的三氯乙酸溶液(含0.1% EDTA), 混合均质60 s后, 4 ℃下8000 r/min离心15 min后保留上清液。取5 mL上清液加入5 mL 0.02 mol/L的2-硫代巴比妥酸溶液, 混匀, 置于90 ℃下水浴反应30 min, 冷却至室温后, 在532 nm处测定样品的吸光值。以1,1.3,3-四乙氧基丙烷制备标准曲线并测定硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS)。TBARS按公式(1)计算。
TBARS/(mg/kg)=$\frac{c\times V\times \text{1}000}{m\times \text{1}000}$
式中: c为从标准系列曲线中得到的样品溶液中丙二醛的浓度, μg/mL; V为样品溶液总体积, mL; m为样品质量, g。
参考GB 5009.228—1016《食品安全国家标准 食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》中微量扩散法进行测定。
实验数据采用平均值±标准偏差的形式表示。采用Microsoft Excel 2021软件对实验数据进行初步统计, 并通过SPSS 26.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析处理, 差异显著性水平设置为P<0.05。利用Origin 2022软件作图。
肌肉微观结构的变化可直观反映肌纤维的损伤程度, 是评估鱼肉质量劣变的重要指标之一[13]图1展示了样品在经历1~8次冻融循环后的组织微观结构变化。结果表明, 新鲜样品肌纤维排列紧密、方向一致, 组织结构完整。而随着冻融次数的增加, 肌纤维逐渐出现排列紊乱、结构松散的现象。尤其在经历第6次冻融处理后, 肌束间开始形成明显空隙, 肌纤维结构疏松, 至第7至第8次冻融时, 更可见肌纤维断裂, 组织结构呈现高度无序状态。ZHANG等[14]在研究多次冻融处理对乌鳢鱼肌肉结构的影响时亦观察到类似结果, 证实冻融处理显著加剧肌肉组织孔隙化现象。
肌肉组织结构的破坏主要归因于冻融过程中冰晶的反复生成和融化, 使得细胞内外发生机械挤压和破裂[15]。冰晶的累积损伤不仅破坏肌细胞膜及肌内膜的完整性, 还诱发蛋白质变性[16], 导致肌肉组织孔洞增加、结构疏松。冻融循环引起的组织结构松弛最终会反映于产品质构性能的劣变, 严重影响鱼肉的食用品质。
质构特性是衡量水产品品质的关键指标之一, 直接影响消费者的口感体验[17]图2展示了不同冻融次数对预制烤鱼硬度、弹性、胶黏性与咀嚼性等质构参数的影响趋势。随着冻融次数的增加, 样品硬度下降, 由初始的(6.58±0.27) N降至(1.17±0.15) N, 降幅达82%(图2A), 说明肌肉组织结构稳定性降低, 水分保持能力减弱。弹性方面, 冻融前3次导致其显著下降(P<0.05), 至第4次后下降趋势趋于缓和, 表明此时肌纤维的弹性结构已发生不可逆破坏(图2B)。相较之下, 胶黏性则呈现持续上升趋势, 由(0.21±0.05) N升至(1.46±0.08) N(图2C), 可能与肌细胞破裂释放的亲水性组分在表面迁移与重组过程中形成新的界面黏附层有关。咀嚼性作为综合反映样品硬度、弹性和胶黏性的复合指标, 其下降趋势呈现非线性特征, 第2和第5次冻融处理后下降幅度增大(图2D), 证实了各质构参数之间的协同作用机制。
总之, 随着冻融循环次数增加, 预制烤鱼的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性总体上显著下降(P<0.05), 胶黏性则逐步上升。这一趋势与史策等[18]的研究结果一致。冻融过程中冰晶的生成与重结晶对肌纤维产生持续性破坏, 导致其断裂、排列紊乱、组织松散, 进而增加汁液流失, 显著削弱鱼肉质地[19]。结合微观结构的变化可推断, 肌纤维完整性的逐步丧失是质构参数劣变的核心驱动机制, 反映了微观损伤对宏观质感的直接影响, 最终降低产品的感官接受度。
嫩度是鱼肉品质的重要感官属性之一, 通常通过剪切力的大小进行量化评价, 其数值越小, 代表鱼肉越柔嫩[20]图3展示了冻融次数对预制烤鱼剪切力的影响趋势。结果发现未冻融样品的剪切力为(29.35±0.36) N, 经历1次冻融后即显著下降(P<0.05), 随后至第4次冻融时降幅逐步减缓。至第8次处理后, 剪切力降至(5.30±0.63) N, 较初值下降幅度达82%。剪切力的下降反映出肌纤维间黏连性和组织完整性的持续削弱[21], 其变化机制一方面是冰晶的形成与重结晶过程中肌纤维的机械损伤, 导致肌间隙扩大、结构断裂, 降低其抵抗剪切力的能力[22], 另一方面是冰晶对细胞溶酶体结构的破坏促使胞内酶释放, 加速肌原纤维蛋白的降解[23], 从而进一步削弱肌肉组织的机械强度。综合来看, 冻融循环显著降低了预制烤鱼的剪切力, 削弱其嫩度, 与微观结构和质构特性分析结果高度一致。冻融过程对蛋白质结构的破坏及其对肌肉组织完整性的持续削弱是影响剪切性能的主要原因。
色泽是衡量预制烤鱼感官品质的重要指标之一, 消费者通常通过视觉判断产品的新鲜度与整体质量。冻融循环过程中肉制品的理化性质会发生显著改变, 其中色泽变化明显[24]表1数据显示, 随着冻融次数的增加, 样品表面亮度值(L*)由75.48±0.72降低至63.49±3.07, 部分处理组与对照组间差异显著(P<0.05), 说明反复冻融可能导致样品表面逐渐变暗。JIANG等[25]在对金枪鱼冻融变化的研究中也发现, 其肉色光泽随冻融次数增加而减弱, 颜色暗淡, 这主要归因于脂肪氧化与肌红蛋白降解共同作用所致。
红度值(a*)总体上呈上升趋势, 由-3.21±0.41升至-2.61±0.11 (P<0.05), 黄度值(b*)则在多数处理组中表现出显著升高, 从10.23±0.58升至17.44±2.23 (P<0.05)。相关研究指出, b*值的升高与脂质氧化水平呈正相关性[26]。鱼肉中富含不饱和脂肪酸, 在氧化过程中生成的大量自由基可与蛋白质中的氨基类物质发生反应, 形成呈黄色的氧化产物, 进而导致肉色向黄色偏移。此外, 鱼肉中的铜、铁等微量金属元素在氧化反应中亦可能促进色素变化, 导致颜色发红或发黄。同时, 频繁的冻融处理破坏了肌肉纤维结构, 加剧细胞间水分渗出, 在肉品表面形成自由水积聚层, 干扰了光线在表面的反射与散射, 进一步削弱肉品的视觉亮度[27]。因此, 冻融循环不仅加剧脂质氧化, 也显著破坏了鱼肉色泽的稳定性, 影响其市场接受度与消费意愿。
pH是衡量鱼肉新鲜度及其功能特性的重要理化参数, 直接影响肉品的色泽、保水性、嫩度及风味等多个质量属性[28]图4结果显示, 对照样品初始pH呈弱酸性, 可能是与屠宰后肌糖原经糖酵解生成乳酸有关[29]。在1至4次冻融处理后, 样品pH下降至6.64, 可能由于肌肉细胞内糖原及ATP降解所产生的酸性物质积聚, 以及冰晶对细胞结构的破坏导致氢离子释放, 从而使pH降低[30-31]。然而, 当冻融次数超过5次后, pH出现回升趋势, 并在第8次处理后恢复至6.87。这与鱼肉中蛋白质的降解作用增强有关, 冻融循环造成的细胞破损加剧内源性酶释放, 同时促进表面微生物生长, 加速蛋白质水解, 生成氨基类、胺类、吲哚等碱性代谢产物, 进而使pH上升[32]。李桂敏等[33]研究也表明, 在多次冻融过程中鲟鱼肉的pH呈现“先降后升后趋稳”的变化趋势, 与本研究结果基本一致。因此, 冻融循环通过破坏细胞结构并诱导生化反应过程, 引起鱼肉pH的动态变化。这一变化趋势不仅反映了样品品质的演变过程, 也为评价产品新鲜度提供了重要参考依据。
TBARS是衡量肉制品脂质氧化程度的关键指标, 可定量反映脂质过氧化过程中丙二醛等次级氧化产物的含量[34]。鱼肉富含多不饱和脂肪酸, 极易受到温度波动等外界因素的影响而发生氧化反应[35]图5结果显示, 对照组样品的初始TBARS值为(0.28±0.03) mg/kg。在冻融初期(1~3次), TBARS值略有上升, 且各组间差异不显著(P>0.05), 表明此阶段脂质氧化程度较轻。第4次冻融后, TBARS值持续增加。尽管第4与第5次冻融处理组之间差异不显著(P>0.05), 但自第7次起至第8次, 各处理组间均表现出统计学显著差异(P<0.05), 最终在第8次冻融后达到峰值(2.00±0.16) mg/kg。该结果表明, 随着冻融次数的增加, 样品中脂质氧化程度显著增强, 氧化速率呈加快趋势。推测其机制是在冻融过程中, 反复生成与重结晶的冰晶破坏肌肉细胞膜结构, 释放细胞内的氧化酶, 加速脂质的氧化降解反应[36]。同时, 组织破损导致脂肪暴露面积增加, 与氧气接触更加充分, 从而促进脂质氧化的发生。JIANG等[25]在低盐冷冻金枪鱼研究中也发现类似趋势, TBARS值随冻融次数增加而升高, 与本研究结果相符。结合色差结果中b*的升高趋势进一步证实了脂质氧化对肉色变化的影响。因此, TBARS值的变化不仅揭示了冻融循环对脂肪氧化的推动效应, 也从侧面反映出鱼肉品质劣变的化学基础。
挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)是衡量鱼类等动物性食品新鲜度和腐败程度的重要指标, 主要包括蛋白质在微生物及内源酶作用下分解产生的氨、胺类等挥发性含氮化合物。TVB-N含量的升高通常反映蛋白质降解程度的加剧, 尤其涉及蛋氨酸、酪氨酸等功能性氨基酸的破坏, 进而影响鱼肉的营养价值与食用安全性[37]。如图6所示, 对照组样品的初始TVB-N值为(6.33±0.23) mg/100 g, 随着冻融循环次数的增加, TVB-N值显著上升(P<0.05), 至第8次冻融后升高至(34.73±0.47) mg/100 g。上述结果表明, 冻融处理显著加速了预制烤鱼样品中蛋白质的降解过程。LI等[38]在研究冷冻鲑鱼过程中发现, 冻融循环破坏了肌纤维结构的完整性, 导致细胞内容物外渗, 为微生物提供了良好的水分环境及营养基质, 从而促进其生长繁殖并释放腐败代谢产物, 造成TVB-N的迅速积累。此外, 反复冻融也促使胞内氧化酶活性增强, 氨基酸脱氨基作用加剧, 加速TVB-N值上升[39]
根据GB 10136—2015《食品安全国家标准 动物性水产制品》的规定, TVB-N含量不应超过25 mg/100 g。研究结果显示, 样品在经历6次冻融循环后TVB-N已达(27.43±0.86) mg/100 g, 超过了国家标准限值, 表明此时鱼肉已不再适宜食用。因此, 为确保产品品质与安全, 建议在加工、贮藏及流通过程中严格控制温度波动, 最大限度减少冻融次数, 预制烤鱼产品应在5次冻融以内食用为宜。
为进一步揭示冻融循环对预制烤鱼品质变化的规律性, 采用皮尔森(Pearson)相关性分析对冻融次数与质构、色泽、脂质氧化及蛋白质降解指标之间的关系进行评估(图7)。结果表明, 冻融次数与硬度、弹性、咀嚼性及剪切力呈极显著负相关(P<0.01), 反映出反复冻融处理引起鱼肉肌原纤维结构破坏, 导致肉质逐渐软化, 质构特性劣化。在色泽方面, 冻融次数与L*呈显著负相关(P<0.05), 而与b*呈极显著正相关(P<0.01), 说明肌肉表面亮度降低, 黄度增强, 推测主要与脂肪氧化产物的积累相关。冻融次数与TBARS值及TVB-N值均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01), 提示冻融循环显著促进脂质氧化及蛋白质降解过程。进一步分析显示, 样品质构参数(硬度、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性、剪切力)与TBARS值之间存在显著相关性(|r|=0.78~0.94), 说明脂质氧化是引起质构劣变的重要驱动因素之一。因此, 建议通过构建以抑制脂肪氧化为核心的品质控制策略, 强化对冷冻贮藏期间鱼肉品质的调控。
本研究构建了-18 ℃↔4 ℃的极端温度波动模型, 系统评估了冻融循环对预制烤鱼品质的多维影响。结果表明, 反复冻融显著破坏肌纤维结构, 造成肌肉完整性下降, 引起鱼肉硬度、弹性、剪切力和咀嚼性呈下降趋势, 硬度降幅达82%, 严重影响其口感质量与消费者接受度。同时, 胶黏性表现出递增趋势, 可能与肌细胞破裂及内源性物质迁移有关。冻融次数的增加显著促进脂质氧化进程, TBARS值从初始的(0.28±0.03) mg/kg上升至(2.00±0.16) mg/kg (P<0.05); TVB-N值在第6次冻融后超过国家标准限值, 达到(27.43±0.86) mg/100 g, 表明产品已不宜食用。相关性分析和主成分分析进一步证实脂质氧化是预制烤鱼品质劣变的关键驱动因素之一。因此, 建议在预制烤鱼产品的加工、贮藏和运输过程中, 严格控制温度变化, 避免反复冻融, 确保产品在冻融次数不超过5次的条件下销售与食用, 从而最大限度地保持其营养价值与食用品质。
  • 山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0639)
  • 国家海水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-47)
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2025年第16卷第16期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250418001
  • 接收时间:2025-04-18
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-18
基金
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0639)
国家海水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-47)
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院, 青岛 266003
    2 福建省水产研究所, 福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室, 厦门 361013
    3 荣成银海水产有限公司, 威海 264300
    4 海信冰箱有限公司, 青岛 266104

通讯作者:

* 李振兴(1978—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为食品安全与质量控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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