Article(id=1217781125804642907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250112001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1736611200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271245670, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271245670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271245670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271245670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=311, endPage=320, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781126316348022, articleId=1217781125804642907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of nutritional quality and volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To discuss the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain. Methods The physicochemical and nutritional parameters (diastase number, fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, fat, protein, proline, Na and vitamin C) of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain (region of Tonghua, Jilin, Baishan and Yanbian) were determined based on several published standards in this study. The volatile compounds in honey were detected by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and its aroma characteristics were clarified. Results The results showed that all the indicators were in line with the national and industrial standards, and the quality of honey from Tonghua region was the best. A total of 105 compounds were identified in honey from 4 region, among which alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were important components of the flavor. And there were differences in the volatile components of honey from Changbai Mountain in different regions. Among them linalool oxide, furfural, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the characteristic substances of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain, and they contributed to the composition of its characteristic aroma. Conclusion Honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain is a nutritious honey food with certain advantages in nutritional values such as proline, protein, and vitamin C.

, correspAuthors=Nan-Nan LIU, Guang-Liang SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Nan-Nan LIU, Xin-He XU, Guang-Liang SHI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217781127532696244, articleId=1217781125804642907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的营养品质及挥发性成分分析, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探讨长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的营养品质和风味特性。方法 采用国家标准方法对长白山区不同产地(通化、吉林、白山和延边州)中蜂蜜的理化和营养指标(淀粉酶值、果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、脂肪、蛋白质、脯氨酸、Na元素和维生素C)进行测定, 并利用气相离子迁移谱仪(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, GC-IMS)对其挥发性成分进行分析, 明确其香气特征。结果 各项指标均符合国家和行业标准要求, 其中以通化地区产地的蜂蜜品质为优。长白山区4个产地的中蜂蜜样品共鉴定出105种化合物, 其中醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等是其风味的重要组成成分, 且不同产地的长白山中蜂蜜的挥发性成分存在差异, 其中氧化芳樟醇、糠醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、2-甲基-1-丙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇是长白山中蜂蜜的特征性物质, 对其特征性香气的组成具有重要贡献。结论 长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜是营养品质较好的蜂蜜食品, 在脯氨酸、蛋白质、维生素C等营养价值上具有一定的优势。

, correspAuthors=刘楠楠, 石广亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘楠楠(1982—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为功能食品与生物活性物质。E-mail: ;
石广亮(1983—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为新型中兽药研制。E-mail:
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Modern Food Science & Technology, 2021, 37(9): 252-262., articleTitle=Determination and comparation of the volatile components in three kinds of characteristic honeys of Yunnan Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833925209149441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=吉林农业科技学院博士启动基金项目[(2022)751], fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833919769137782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833919781720696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, companyId=1217833919769137782, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833919790109306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, companyId=1217833919769137782, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 吉林农业科技学院, 吉林 132101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217833919899161217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833919911744130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, companyId=1217833919899161217, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833919928521348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, companyId=1217833919899161217, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 东北农业大学动物医学学院, 哈尔滨 150030)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833923434959698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=3D topographic plots of volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain from 4 sampling sites, figureFileSmall=+2X2MIicOjqGHJaQ15Tm9w==, figureFileBig=POwVEt5lz/fNVkmQFxu5Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833923497874267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=图1, caption=长白山区4个采样地中蜂蜜挥发性成分的三维地形图, figureFileSmall=+2X2MIicOjqGHJaQ15Tm9w==, figureFileBig=POwVEt5lz/fNVkmQFxu5Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833923619509097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=GC-IMS difference spectrum of volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain from 4 sampling sites, figureFileSmall=FUq3rdmNuModDQP6w+S3WA==, figureFileBig=WR6mMo53HAW0z4Rjzh9WGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833923736949620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=图2, caption=长白山区4个采样地中蜂蜜挥发性成分GC-IMS差异谱图, figureFileSmall=FUq3rdmNuModDQP6w+S3WA==, figureFileBig=WR6mMo53HAW0z4Rjzh9WGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833923820835713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fingerprints spectrum of volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain from 4 sampling sites, figureFileSmall=tTZ9GIRDFLMDdyoSYqE0nQ==, figureFileBig=KuZ3bkdenmt+56IhTZzf/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833923938276240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=图3, caption=长白山区4个采样地中蜂蜜的挥发性成分指纹图谱

注: 图中数字表示未鉴定出的信号峰。

, figureFileSmall=tTZ9GIRDFLMDdyoSYqE0nQ==, figureFileBig=KuZ3bkdenmt+56IhTZzf/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833924026356633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample information of collected honeys

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
采样地点 地理坐标
(经纬度)
海拔
/m
YB 延边州安图县松江镇三道村 N42°43′, E128°12′ 708
JL 吉林桦甸市金沙乡工农村 N43°15′, E126°93′ 304
TH 通化集安市清河镇杨木桥村 N41°48′, E126°08′ 509
BS 白山市长白县马鹿沟镇龙岗村 N41°56′, E128°09′ 1124
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924127019940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蜂蜜样品采集信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
编号
采样地点 地理坐标
(经纬度)
海拔
/m
YB 延边州安图县松江镇三道村 N42°43′, E128°12′ 708
JL 吉林桦甸市金沙乡工农村 N43°15′, E126°93′ 304
TH 通化集安市清河镇杨木桥村 N41°48′, E126°08′ 509
BS 白山市长白县马鹿沟镇龙岗村 N41°56′, E128°09′ 1124
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924290597813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of nutritional indexes of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain from 4 sampling sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目 YB JL TH BS
淀粉酶值/[mL/(g·h)] 11.57±0.15a 7.58±0.23c 16.33±0.45b 11.07±0.40a
果糖/% 41.37±0.35c 35.73±0.49a 36.93±0.35a 43.18±0.32b
葡萄糖/% 19.95±0.33a 24.81±0.06c 30.63±0.15b 20.38±0.12a
麦芽糖/% 0.75±0.11a 0.89±0.06b 0.65±0.14c 0.87±0.10b
蔗糖/% 未检出 未检出 未检出 未检出
脂肪/(g/100 g) 0.22±0.02c 0.25±0.05a 0.30±0.04b 0.21±0.07c
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 0.23±0.01b 0.19±0.01a 0.35±0.02c 0.21±0.04b
脯氨酸/(mg/kg) 91±2d 74±3a 258±8c 119±6b
Na/(mg/kg) 12.95±0.07b 11.20±0.10b 14.63±0.15a 6.99±0.09c
维生素C/(mg/100 g) 0.60±0.05a 0.55±0.03b 0.72±0.05c 0.62±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924416426942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4个采样地的长白山中蜂蜜营养指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测项目 YB JL TH BS
淀粉酶值/[mL/(g·h)] 11.57±0.15a 7.58±0.23c 16.33±0.45b 11.07±0.40a
果糖/% 41.37±0.35c 35.73±0.49a 36.93±0.35a 43.18±0.32b
葡萄糖/% 19.95±0.33a 24.81±0.06c 30.63±0.15b 20.38±0.12a
麦芽糖/% 0.75±0.11a 0.89±0.06b 0.65±0.14c 0.87±0.10b
蔗糖/% 未检出 未检出 未检出 未检出
脂肪/(g/100 g) 0.22±0.02c 0.25±0.05a 0.30±0.04b 0.21±0.07c
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 0.23±0.01b 0.19±0.01a 0.35±0.02c 0.21±0.04b
脯氨酸/(mg/kg) 91±2d 74±3a 258±8c 119±6b
Na/(mg/kg) 12.95±0.07b 11.20±0.10b 14.63±0.15a 6.99±0.09c
维生素C/(mg/100 g) 0.60±0.05a 0.55±0.03b 0.72±0.05c 0.62±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924571616199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Information on identified volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 化合物 气味描述 分子式 分子量 保留指数 保留时间/s
1 α-松油醇 松萜、柑橘、木质、花香 C10H18O 154.3 1906.6 3015.859
2 水杨酸甲酯 冬青、薄荷 C8H8O3 152.1 1820.4 2503.097
3 苯乙酮 甜味、辛辣、杏仁 C8H8O 120.2 1814.5 2471.504
4 苯乙醛 风信子香气、水果甜香、杏仁、樱桃、三叶草蜜、可可 C8H8O 120.2 1771.9 2254.224
5 3-呋喃甲醇 特殊的苦辣气味 C5H6O2 98.1 1802.6 2408.655
6 terpineol 胡椒、木质、土发霉味 C10H18O 154.3 1767.1 2230.880
7 (E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛 水果味 C9H14O 138.2 1788.2 2335.031
8 丁酸-单体 奶酪、黄油、水果 C4H8O2 88.1 1713.9 1988.461
9 丁酸-二聚体 奶酪、黄油、水果 C4H8O2 88.1 1713.9 1988.461
10 γ-丁内酯 奶油、脂肪、焦糖 C4H6O2 86.1 1712.6 1983.074
11 5-甲基-2-糠醛 香料、焦糖木 C6H6O2 110.1 1655.1 1751.428
12 丙酸 酸奶酪味、醋味 C3H6O2 74.1 1639.3 1692.534
13 2-甲基丙酸 酸奶酪味 C4H8O2 88.1 1633.1 1669.895
14 苯甲醛 苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香 C7H6O 106.1 1553.5 1406.221
15 2-乙酰基呋喃 脂香、甜香、焦糖、坚果、烟香 C6H6O2 110.1 1543.3 1375.593
16 乙酸-单体 辛辣味 C2H4O2 60.1 1505.5 1267.726
17 乙酸-二聚体 辛辣味 C2H4O2 60.1 1505.1 1266.394
18 糠醛-单体 甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包 C5H4O2 96.1 1495.7 1241.092
19 糠醛-二聚体 甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包 C5H4O2 96.1 1496.2 1242.424
20 氧化芳樟醇-单体 花香 C10H18O2 170.3 1459.0 1146.542
21 氧化芳樟醇-二聚体 花香 C10H18O2 170.3 1458.5 1145.211
22 2-乙基-3甲基吡嗪 甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包 C7H10N2 122.2 1451.5 1127.899
23 (E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 脂肪、油性、醛、蔬菜、肉桂 C7H10O 110.2 1495.2 1239.700
24 2,4-己二烯醛 甜香、青香、花香、柑橘 C6H8O 96.1 1427.0 1069.929
25 壬醛 玫瑰、柑橘等香气、有强的油脂气味 C9H18O 142.2 1406.7 1023.982
26 2-壬酮 新鲜、甜、青香、草药 C9H18O 142.2 1400.3 1009.965
27 二甲基三硫醚 新鲜洋葱、薄荷、辛香 C2H6S3 126.3 1412.0 1035.664
28 3-乙基吡啶 烟草、皮革味 C7H9N 107.2 1388.8 985.044
29 1-己醇 清新的、果味、酒精、甜、青香 C6H14O 102.2 1374.3 954.672
30 乳酸乙酯-单体 果香 C5H10O3 118.1 1362.4 930.531
31 乳酸乙酯-二聚体 果香 C5H10O3 118.1 1362.4 930.531
32 Z-2-戊烯-1-醇 绿色、橡胶 C5H10O 86.1 1341.0 888.477
33 3-甲基-1-戊醇 葡萄酒、可可、清香、水果味 C6H14O 102.2 1345.5 897.044
34 2-庚醇-单体 蘑菇、甜瓜 C7H16O 116.2 1338.6 883.805
35 2-庚醇-二聚体 蘑菇、甜瓜 C7H16O 116.2 1338.6 883.805
36 1-羟基-2-丙酮-单体 焦糖味、清新 C3H6O2 74.1 1317.3 844.088
37 1-羟基-2-丙酮-二聚体 焦糖味、清新 C3H6O2 74.1 1317.3 844.088
38 3-羟基-2-丁酮-单体 黄油味、奶油味 C4H8O2 88.1 1301.7 816.052
39 3-羟基-2-丁酮-二聚体 黄油味、奶油味 C4H8O2 88.1 1302.1 816.831
40 对伞花烃 新鲜的、柑橘、萜类、木香 C10H14 134.2 1281.5 782.566
41 乙酸己酯 果味、青香、苹果、香蕉、甜味 C8H16O2 144.2 1281.0 781.808
42 3-甲基-3-丁烯醇 甜水果味 C5H10O 86.1 1266.9 759.538
43 1-戊醇 香膏 C5H12O 88.1 1268.1 761.458
44 己酸乙酯 菠萝果香、酒香 C8H16O2 144.2 1248.9 732.276
45 1,8-桉叶素-单体 樟脑和清凉草药香味 C10H18O 154.3 1230.8 705.782
46 1,8-桉叶素-二聚体 樟脑和清凉草药香味 C10H18O 154.3 1230.8 705.782
47 3-甲基-1-丁醇-单体 威士忌酒香、香蕉果香 C5H12O 88.1 1223.3 695.030
48 3-甲基-1-丁醇-二聚体 威士忌酒香、香蕉果香 C5H12O 88.1 1223.6 695.414
49 3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-单体 果香 C5H8O 84.1 1216.7 685.815
50 3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-二聚体 果香 C5H8O 84.1 1217.3 686.583
51 2-庚酮-单体 梨、香蕉似的果香、轻微的药香 C7H14O 114.2 1195.1 656.249
52 2-庚酮-二聚体 梨、香蕉似的果香、轻微的药香 C7H14O 114.2 1195.4 656.633
53 庚醛 新鲜、醛、脂肪、青香草药、酒、果香 C7H14O 114.2 1199.4 662.009
54 环戊酮 令人愉悦气味 C5H8O 84.1 1192.8 653.241
55 1-戊烯-3-醇 空灵、绿色、热带果香 C5H10O 86.1 1177.9 621.326
56 2-甲基-2-戊烯醛 醛、泥土、蒜、成熟樱桃、果香 C6H10O 98.1 1178.9 623.573
57 1-丁醇-单体 红酒味 C4H10O 74.1 1162.7 589.859
58 1-丁醇-二聚体 红酒味 C4H10O 74.1 1162.9 590.309
59 4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮-单体 辛辣的、泥土、青菜 C6H10O 98.1 1153.0 570.530
60 4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮-二聚体 辛辣的、泥土、青菜 C6H10O 98.1 1153.0 570.530
61 对二甲苯 芳香味 C8H10 106.2 1147.7 560.191
62 2-戊醇-单体 杂醇油、清香 C5H12O 88.1 1137.9 541.760
63 2-戊醇-二聚体 杂醇油、清香 C5H12O 88.1 1137.9 541.760
64 3-戊醇 杂醇油、清香 C5H12O 88.1 1125.8 519.734
65 3-戊烯-2-酮-单体 水果香、贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味 C5H8O 84.1 1118.6 507.147
66 3-戊烯-2-酮-二聚体 水果香、贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味 C5H8O 84.1 1118.1 506.248
67 2-甲基-1-丙醇-单体 清新的、酒味、皮质 C4H10O 74.1 1112.1 495.910
68 2-甲基-1-丙醇-二聚体 清新的、酒味、皮质 C4H10O 74.1 1112.6 496.809
69 2-己酮 果香、真菌、肉质、黄油 C6H12O 100.2 1101.9 478.828
70 3-甲基丁酸乙酯 苹果、香蕉的香气和酸甜气味 C7H14O2 130.2 1083.4 452.756
71 2-甲基丁酸乙酯-单体 苹果香 C7H14O2 130.2 1070.4 436.123
72 2-甲基丁酸乙酯-二聚体 苹果香 C7H14O2 130.2 1070.4 436.123
73 1-丙醇-单体 酒精、刺激性气味 C3H8O 60.1 1058.8 421.739
74 1-丙醇-二聚体 酒精、刺激性气味 C3H8O 60.1 1059.1 422.188
75 丁酸乙酯 菠萝似果香、脂香、威士忌 C6H12O2 116.2 1054.7 416.794
76 2-丁醇 果香 C4H10O 74.1 1041.3 401.061
77 4-甲基-2-戊酮 酮样香味 C6H12O 100.2 1028.7 386.667
78 2-戊酮 清新的、甜果味、酒香 C5H10O 86.1 1002.2 358.280
79 戊醛 青草气味、带微弱香蕉味 C5H10O 86.1 1003.0 359.107
80 丙酸乙酯 葡萄、菠萝等水果味、朗姆酒 C5H10O2 102.1 975.5 336.508
81 异丁酸乙酯 葡萄、菠萝等水果味、朗姆酒 C6H12O2 116.2 983.7 342.571
82 乙醇 芳香气味 C2H6O 46.1 944.5 314.461
83 3-甲基丁醛 巧克力、脂肪味 C5H10O 86.1 926.5 302.334
84 2-丙醇 辛辣味 C3H8O 60.1 934.7 307.846
85 2-丁酮 果香、樟脑香味 C4H8O 72.1 916.8 295.996
86 乙酸乙酯 清新的、果味、甜味、草味 C4H8O2 88.1 896.7 283.318
87 2-丙烯醛 刺激性气味 C3H4O 56.1 867.3 265.680
88 丙酮 清新、苹果、梨 C3H6O 58.1 838.3 249.420
89 2-甲基丙醛 香蕉味、甜瓜味、微弱坚果气味 C4H8O 72.1 829.1 244.459
90 丙醛 青草气味 C3H6O 58.1 818.7 238.947
91 二甲基硫醚 卷心菜 C2H6S 62.1 794.8 226.821
92 乙醛 青草气味、微弱水果味 C2H4O 44.1 765.6 212.766
93 4-庚酮 果香 C7H14O 114.2 1137.9 541.831
94 己醛 新鲜的、青香、脂肪味、水果味 C6H12O 100.2 1102.6 479.977
95 2-乙基呋喃 豆香、面包、麦芽及甜的焦香香气 C6H8O 96.1 973.6 335.089
96 芳樟醇 柑橘、玫瑰、木质、蓝莓味 C10H18O 154.3 1646.1 1717.706
97 Z-3-己烯醇 青香、草本 C6H12O 100.2 1405.7 1021.645
98 丙酸叶醇酯 果香 C9H16O2 156.2 1372.5 951.006
99 四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃-单体 青草清香、玫瑰花香 C10H18O 154.3 1358.7 923.100
100 四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃-二聚体 青草清香、玫瑰花香 C10H18O 154.3 1358.5 922.606
101 2-戊基呋喃 豆香、果香、泥土、青香及类似蔬菜香 C9H14O 138.2 1245.6 727.292
102 E-2-己烯醛 青香、香蕉、脂肪 C6H10O 98.1 1234.2 710.720
103 己酸甲酯 青香、香蕉、脂肪 C7H14O2 130.2 1181.8 629.701
104 α-松油烯 木本、萜类、柠檬、药用、柑橘 C10H16 136.2 1200.1 662.932
105 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 柑橘味、果味、酮香 C8H14O 126.2 1350.9 907.572
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924718416855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

长白山中蜂蜜挥发性物质定性分析信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 化合物 气味描述 分子式 分子量 保留指数 保留时间/s
1 α-松油醇 松萜、柑橘、木质、花香 C10H18O 154.3 1906.6 3015.859
2 水杨酸甲酯 冬青、薄荷 C8H8O3 152.1 1820.4 2503.097
3 苯乙酮 甜味、辛辣、杏仁 C8H8O 120.2 1814.5 2471.504
4 苯乙醛 风信子香气、水果甜香、杏仁、樱桃、三叶草蜜、可可 C8H8O 120.2 1771.9 2254.224
5 3-呋喃甲醇 特殊的苦辣气味 C5H6O2 98.1 1802.6 2408.655
6 terpineol 胡椒、木质、土发霉味 C10H18O 154.3 1767.1 2230.880
7 (E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛 水果味 C9H14O 138.2 1788.2 2335.031
8 丁酸-单体 奶酪、黄油、水果 C4H8O2 88.1 1713.9 1988.461
9 丁酸-二聚体 奶酪、黄油、水果 C4H8O2 88.1 1713.9 1988.461
10 γ-丁内酯 奶油、脂肪、焦糖 C4H6O2 86.1 1712.6 1983.074
11 5-甲基-2-糠醛 香料、焦糖木 C6H6O2 110.1 1655.1 1751.428
12 丙酸 酸奶酪味、醋味 C3H6O2 74.1 1639.3 1692.534
13 2-甲基丙酸 酸奶酪味 C4H8O2 88.1 1633.1 1669.895
14 苯甲醛 苦杏仁、樱桃及坚果香 C7H6O 106.1 1553.5 1406.221
15 2-乙酰基呋喃 脂香、甜香、焦糖、坚果、烟香 C6H6O2 110.1 1543.3 1375.593
16 乙酸-单体 辛辣味 C2H4O2 60.1 1505.5 1267.726
17 乙酸-二聚体 辛辣味 C2H4O2 60.1 1505.1 1266.394
18 糠醛-单体 甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包 C5H4O2 96.1 1495.7 1241.092
19 糠醛-二聚体 甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包 C5H4O2 96.1 1496.2 1242.424
20 氧化芳樟醇-单体 花香 C10H18O2 170.3 1459.0 1146.542
21 氧化芳樟醇-二聚体 花香 C10H18O2 170.3 1458.5 1145.211
22 2-乙基-3甲基吡嗪 甜味、木头、杏仁香、烤面包 C7H10N2 122.2 1451.5 1127.899
23 (E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛 脂肪、油性、醛、蔬菜、肉桂 C7H10O 110.2 1495.2 1239.700
24 2,4-己二烯醛 甜香、青香、花香、柑橘 C6H8O 96.1 1427.0 1069.929
25 壬醛 玫瑰、柑橘等香气、有强的油脂气味 C9H18O 142.2 1406.7 1023.982
26 2-壬酮 新鲜、甜、青香、草药 C9H18O 142.2 1400.3 1009.965
27 二甲基三硫醚 新鲜洋葱、薄荷、辛香 C2H6S3 126.3 1412.0 1035.664
28 3-乙基吡啶 烟草、皮革味 C7H9N 107.2 1388.8 985.044
29 1-己醇 清新的、果味、酒精、甜、青香 C6H14O 102.2 1374.3 954.672
30 乳酸乙酯-单体 果香 C5H10O3 118.1 1362.4 930.531
31 乳酸乙酯-二聚体 果香 C5H10O3 118.1 1362.4 930.531
32 Z-2-戊烯-1-醇 绿色、橡胶 C5H10O 86.1 1341.0 888.477
33 3-甲基-1-戊醇 葡萄酒、可可、清香、水果味 C6H14O 102.2 1345.5 897.044
34 2-庚醇-单体 蘑菇、甜瓜 C7H16O 116.2 1338.6 883.805
35 2-庚醇-二聚体 蘑菇、甜瓜 C7H16O 116.2 1338.6 883.805
36 1-羟基-2-丙酮-单体 焦糖味、清新 C3H6O2 74.1 1317.3 844.088
37 1-羟基-2-丙酮-二聚体 焦糖味、清新 C3H6O2 74.1 1317.3 844.088
38 3-羟基-2-丁酮-单体 黄油味、奶油味 C4H8O2 88.1 1301.7 816.052
39 3-羟基-2-丁酮-二聚体 黄油味、奶油味 C4H8O2 88.1 1302.1 816.831
40 对伞花烃 新鲜的、柑橘、萜类、木香 C10H14 134.2 1281.5 782.566
41 乙酸己酯 果味、青香、苹果、香蕉、甜味 C8H16O2 144.2 1281.0 781.808
42 3-甲基-3-丁烯醇 甜水果味 C5H10O 86.1 1266.9 759.538
43 1-戊醇 香膏 C5H12O 88.1 1268.1 761.458
44 己酸乙酯 菠萝果香、酒香 C8H16O2 144.2 1248.9 732.276
45 1,8-桉叶素-单体 樟脑和清凉草药香味 C10H18O 154.3 1230.8 705.782
46 1,8-桉叶素-二聚体 樟脑和清凉草药香味 C10H18O 154.3 1230.8 705.782
47 3-甲基-1-丁醇-单体 威士忌酒香、香蕉果香 C5H12O 88.1 1223.3 695.030
48 3-甲基-1-丁醇-二聚体 威士忌酒香、香蕉果香 C5H12O 88.1 1223.6 695.414
49 3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-单体 果香 C5H8O 84.1 1216.7 685.815
50 3-甲基-2-丁烯醛-二聚体 果香 C5H8O 84.1 1217.3 686.583
51 2-庚酮-单体 梨、香蕉似的果香、轻微的药香 C7H14O 114.2 1195.1 656.249
52 2-庚酮-二聚体 梨、香蕉似的果香、轻微的药香 C7H14O 114.2 1195.4 656.633
53 庚醛 新鲜、醛、脂肪、青香草药、酒、果香 C7H14O 114.2 1199.4 662.009
54 环戊酮 令人愉悦气味 C5H8O 84.1 1192.8 653.241
55 1-戊烯-3-醇 空灵、绿色、热带果香 C5H10O 86.1 1177.9 621.326
56 2-甲基-2-戊烯醛 醛、泥土、蒜、成熟樱桃、果香 C6H10O 98.1 1178.9 623.573
57 1-丁醇-单体 红酒味 C4H10O 74.1 1162.7 589.859
58 1-丁醇-二聚体 红酒味 C4H10O 74.1 1162.9 590.309
59 4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮-单体 辛辣的、泥土、青菜 C6H10O 98.1 1153.0 570.530
60 4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮-二聚体 辛辣的、泥土、青菜 C6H10O 98.1 1153.0 570.530
61 对二甲苯 芳香味 C8H10 106.2 1147.7 560.191
62 2-戊醇-单体 杂醇油、清香 C5H12O 88.1 1137.9 541.760
63 2-戊醇-二聚体 杂醇油、清香 C5H12O 88.1 1137.9 541.760
64 3-戊醇 杂醇油、清香 C5H12O 88.1 1125.8 519.734
65 3-戊烯-2-酮-单体 水果香、贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味 C5H8O 84.1 1118.6 507.147
66 3-戊烯-2-酮-二聚体 水果香、贮藏期间变为辛辣的刺激味 C5H8O 84.1 1118.1 506.248
67 2-甲基-1-丙醇-单体 清新的、酒味、皮质 C4H10O 74.1 1112.1 495.910
68 2-甲基-1-丙醇-二聚体 清新的、酒味、皮质 C4H10O 74.1 1112.6 496.809
69 2-己酮 果香、真菌、肉质、黄油 C6H12O 100.2 1101.9 478.828
70 3-甲基丁酸乙酯 苹果、香蕉的香气和酸甜气味 C7H14O2 130.2 1083.4 452.756
71 2-甲基丁酸乙酯-单体 苹果香 C7H14O2 130.2 1070.4 436.123
72 2-甲基丁酸乙酯-二聚体 苹果香 C7H14O2 130.2 1070.4 436.123
73 1-丙醇-单体 酒精、刺激性气味 C3H8O 60.1 1058.8 421.739
74 1-丙醇-二聚体 酒精、刺激性气味 C3H8O 60.1 1059.1 422.188
75 丁酸乙酯 菠萝似果香、脂香、威士忌 C6H12O2 116.2 1054.7 416.794
76 2-丁醇 果香 C4H10O 74.1 1041.3 401.061
77 4-甲基-2-戊酮 酮样香味 C6H12O 100.2 1028.7 386.667
78 2-戊酮 清新的、甜果味、酒香 C5H10O 86.1 1002.2 358.280
79 戊醛 青草气味、带微弱香蕉味 C5H10O 86.1 1003.0 359.107
80 丙酸乙酯 葡萄、菠萝等水果味、朗姆酒 C5H10O2 102.1 975.5 336.508
81 异丁酸乙酯 葡萄、菠萝等水果味、朗姆酒 C6H12O2 116.2 983.7 342.571
82 乙醇 芳香气味 C2H6O 46.1 944.5 314.461
83 3-甲基丁醛 巧克力、脂肪味 C5H10O 86.1 926.5 302.334
84 2-丙醇 辛辣味 C3H8O 60.1 934.7 307.846
85 2-丁酮 果香、樟脑香味 C4H8O 72.1 916.8 295.996
86 乙酸乙酯 清新的、果味、甜味、草味 C4H8O2 88.1 896.7 283.318
87 2-丙烯醛 刺激性气味 C3H4O 56.1 867.3 265.680
88 丙酮 清新、苹果、梨 C3H6O 58.1 838.3 249.420
89 2-甲基丙醛 香蕉味、甜瓜味、微弱坚果气味 C4H8O 72.1 829.1 244.459
90 丙醛 青草气味 C3H6O 58.1 818.7 238.947
91 二甲基硫醚 卷心菜 C2H6S 62.1 794.8 226.821
92 乙醛 青草气味、微弱水果味 C2H4O 44.1 765.6 212.766
93 4-庚酮 果香 C7H14O 114.2 1137.9 541.831
94 己醛 新鲜的、青香、脂肪味、水果味 C6H12O 100.2 1102.6 479.977
95 2-乙基呋喃 豆香、面包、麦芽及甜的焦香香气 C6H8O 96.1 973.6 335.089
96 芳樟醇 柑橘、玫瑰、木质、蓝莓味 C10H18O 154.3 1646.1 1717.706
97 Z-3-己烯醇 青香、草本 C6H12O 100.2 1405.7 1021.645
98 丙酸叶醇酯 果香 C9H16O2 156.2 1372.5 951.006
99 四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃-单体 青草清香、玫瑰花香 C10H18O 154.3 1358.7 923.100
100 四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃-二聚体 青草清香、玫瑰花香 C10H18O 154.3 1358.5 922.606
101 2-戊基呋喃 豆香、果香、泥土、青香及类似蔬菜香 C9H14O 138.2 1245.6 727.292
102 E-2-己烯醛 青香、香蕉、脂肪 C6H10O 98.1 1234.2 710.720
103 己酸甲酯 青香、香蕉、脂肪 C7H14O2 130.2 1181.8 629.701
104 α-松油烯 木本、萜类、柠檬、药用、柑橘 C10H16 136.2 1200.1 662.932
105 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 柑橘味、果味、酮香 C8H14O 126.2 1350.9 907.572
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924861023204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Peak volume of characteristic volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain from 4 sampling sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 峰体积
TH JL YB BS
氧化芳樟醇 10549.83±271.74a 6880.39±118.72b 7195.31±65.69c 7225.21±34.49c
2-甲基-1-丙醇 5149.71±6.60c 3440.85±14.06a 3438.58±1.62a 4362.19±112.46b
乙酸乙酯 7929.39±52.75c 4904.91±77.07b 4808.14±18.03b 5103.23±12.55a
乙酸 8441.51±263.30b 9475.39±151.59a 7457.84±18.89c 9887.74±271.99a
糠醛 4360.51±40.96b 3332.91±38.24c 10814.06±56.86a 2425.30±137.24d
3-甲基-1-丁醇 4253.49±21.08d 2319.36±11.68b 1994.83±4.21a 3021.72±35.11c
), ArticleFig(id=1217833924995240939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125804642907, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4个采样地的长白山中蜂蜜特征挥发性物质的峰体积

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 峰体积
TH JL YB BS
氧化芳樟醇 10549.83±271.74a 6880.39±118.72b 7195.31±65.69c 7225.21±34.49c
2-甲基-1-丙醇 5149.71±6.60c 3440.85±14.06a 3438.58±1.62a 4362.19±112.46b
乙酸乙酯 7929.39±52.75c 4904.91±77.07b 4808.14±18.03b 5103.23±12.55a
乙酸 8441.51±263.30b 9475.39±151.59a 7457.84±18.89c 9887.74±271.99a
糠醛 4360.51±40.96b 3332.91±38.24c 10814.06±56.86a 2425.30±137.24d
3-甲基-1-丁醇 4253.49±21.08d 2319.36±11.68b 1994.83±4.21a 3021.72±35.11c
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长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的营养品质及挥发性成分分析
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刘楠楠 1, * , 徐新贺 1 , 石广亮 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(12): 311-320
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(12): 311-320
长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的营养品质及挥发性成分分析
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刘楠楠1, * , 徐新贺1, 石广亮2, *
作者信息
  • 1 吉林农业科技学院, 吉林 132101
  • 2 东北农业大学动物医学学院, 哈尔滨 150030

通讯作者:

*刘楠楠(1982—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为功能食品与生物活性物质。E-mail: ;
石广亮(1983—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为新型中兽药研制。E-mail:
Analysis of nutritional quality and volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain
Nan-Nan LIU1, * , Xin-He XU1, Guang-Liang SHI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
  • 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250112001
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目的 探讨长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的营养品质和风味特性。方法 采用国家标准方法对长白山区不同产地(通化、吉林、白山和延边州)中蜂蜜的理化和营养指标(淀粉酶值、果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、脂肪、蛋白质、脯氨酸、Na元素和维生素C)进行测定, 并利用气相离子迁移谱仪(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, GC-IMS)对其挥发性成分进行分析, 明确其香气特征。结果 各项指标均符合国家和行业标准要求, 其中以通化地区产地的蜂蜜品质为优。长白山区4个产地的中蜂蜜样品共鉴定出105种化合物, 其中醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等是其风味的重要组成成分, 且不同产地的长白山中蜂蜜的挥发性成分存在差异, 其中氧化芳樟醇、糠醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、2-甲基-1-丙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇是长白山中蜂蜜的特征性物质, 对其特征性香气的组成具有重要贡献。结论 长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜是营养品质较好的蜂蜜食品, 在脯氨酸、蛋白质、维生素C等营养价值上具有一定的优势。

长白山中华蜜蜂  /  蜂蜜  /  营养品质  /  挥发性成分

Objective To discuss the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain. Methods The physicochemical and nutritional parameters (diastase number, fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, fat, protein, proline, Na and vitamin C) of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain (region of Tonghua, Jilin, Baishan and Yanbian) were determined based on several published standards in this study. The volatile compounds in honey were detected by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and its aroma characteristics were clarified. Results The results showed that all the indicators were in line with the national and industrial standards, and the quality of honey from Tonghua region was the best. A total of 105 compounds were identified in honey from 4 region, among which alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were important components of the flavor. And there were differences in the volatile components of honey from Changbai Mountain in different regions. Among them linalool oxide, furfural, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the characteristic substances of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain, and they contributed to the composition of its characteristic aroma. Conclusion Honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain is a nutritious honey food with certain advantages in nutritional values such as proline, protein, and vitamin C.

Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain  /  honey  /  nutritional quality  /  volatile compounds
刘楠楠, 徐新贺, 石广亮. 长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的营养品质及挥发性成分分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 311 -320 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250112001
Nan-Nan LIU, Xin-He XU, Guang-Liang SHI. Analysis of nutritional quality and volatile compounds of honey from Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 311 -320 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250112001
长白山中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana in Changbai Mountain)简称长白山中蜂, 是中华蜜蜂家族中一个优良的地方蜂种, 分布于长白山区及其余脉区域。种群的主产区位于吉林省东部的通化市、白山市、吉林市、延边朝鲜族自治州以及少部分的辽宁省东部山区, 是长白山生态系统中唯一的东方蜜蜂生态型, 被列入《国家级畜禽品种资源保护名录》, 现处于濒危-维持状态[1]。长白山中华蜜蜂蜂蜜即长白山中蜂采集野山花蜜充分酿制而成的蜂蜜(以下简称长白山中蜂蜜), 具有补脾肾、润肺肠、安五脏、和百药及解毒功效, 在古代被列为进贡上品[2], 是一种产量较少的优质特色蜂蜜。从早春4月初到晚秋的8月末, 长白山区百花盛开, 辅助蜜源十分丰富, 其中有大量野生药用蜜源植物, 是长白山区的“道地药材”。因长白山中蜂蜜所含椴树蜜的比例较大, 故其口感香甜可口, 细腻纯正, 宛若玉脂琼浆, 回味悠长[2]。长白山中蜂蜜文化历史悠久, 自唐代渤海国时期起, 便以其卓越的品质和独特的风味作为贡品、礼品、商品等在官方和民间广为交流。清政府在吉林还专门设立了打牲乌拉机构, 负责为皇室采集和供应贡蜜[3]。在近代, 随着活框饲养的西方蜜蜂进入长白山区, 长白山中蜂当家蜂种的地位被取代, 中蜂蜜的产量锐减, 其市场价格则是西方蜜蜂所产蜂蜜的10~20倍, 蜂群繁殖和野生蜂巢采蜜仍然是经济欠发达山区居民生计的重要来源。
我国境内特色蜂蜜种类很多, 明确区域内特色蜂蜜的特征是充分实现其产业价值的基础。鉴于此, 为了解长白山中蜂蜜的品质特性, 本研究对蜂蜜的理化性质、营养成分和挥发性物质等指标进行了测定分析, 以期为长白山区特色蜂蜜的开发利用提供理论依据, 为其产地溯源识别提供相应参考, 并为其他地域特色蜂蜜资源的挖掘利用提供研究思路。
采集来自吉林省延边州、吉林市、通化市和白山市等4个地区蜂场(均位于长白山中蜂自然保护区内)的长白山中蜂蜜。蜂蜜样品由当地蜂农提供, 采酿的蜂种均为纯种长白山中蜂。蜂群以传统圆桶饲养模式饲养, 2021—2023年连续3年于10月中下旬采收蜂蜜样品, 样品经简单过滤后装瓶, 4 ℃保存备用。每年每个采样地均取3个批次的蜂蜜样品, 每个批次样品取3份检测, 每份测定3次, 取均值。样品信息详见表1
碘、碘化钾、乙酸钠、可溶性淀粉、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠(分析纯, 北京化工厂有限责任公司); 石油醚(纯度≥98.0%, 北京百灵威科技有限公司); 乙腈、甲醇[色谱纯, 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; 冰乙酸、氯化钠、乙酸锌、亚铁氰化钾(色谱纯, 纯度≥99.7%, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 正构酮: 2-丁酮、2-戊酮、2-己酮、2-庚酮、2-辛酮、2-壬酮(分析纯, 上海阿拉丁公司); 99.999%氮气、20 mL顶空瓶(山东海能科学仪器有限公司)。
UV-2550型紫外-可见分光光度计、LC-20AD高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); 微量移液器(德国Eppendorf公司); iCAP 7000电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); Synergy HT酶标仪(美国Bio Tek基因有限公司); PGF-40AU超纯水制造设备(武汉品冠公司); JA10003型精密电子天平(天津天马衡基仪器有限公司); FlavourSpec®气相离子迁移谱仪(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, GC-IMS)(德国G.A.S.公司); CTC-PAL 3静态顶空自动进样装置(瑞士CTC Analytics AG公司); MXT-WAX毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.53 mm, 1.0 μm)(美国Restek公司)。
根据GB/T 18932.16—2003《蜂蜜中淀粉酶值的测定方法 分光光度法》测定蜂蜜样品中的淀粉酶值; 根据GB 5009.8—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》中的高效液相色谱法测定样品中的果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖; 根据GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中的索氏抽提法测定样品中的脂肪含量; 根据GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中的凯氏定氮法测定样品中的蛋白质含量; 根据GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》测定样品中的Na含量; 根据GB/T 32946—2016《蜂蜜中脯氨酸的测定 高效液相色谱法》测定样品中的脯氨酸含量; 根据GB 5009.86—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》测定样品中的维生素C含量。
(1)样品处理方法
称取2 g样品置于20 mL顶空瓶中, 80 ℃孵育20 min后进样, 每个样品测定3组平行。
(2)顶空进样条件
孵化温度: 80 ℃; 孵化时间: 20 min; 进样体积: 500 µL; 不分流进样; 孵化转速: 500 r/min; 进样针温度: 85 ℃。
(3) GC条件
色谱柱温度: 60 ℃; 载气: 高纯氮气(纯度≥99.999%); 程序升压: 初始流量2.0 mL/min保持2 min, 在8 min内线性增至10.0 mL/min, 在10 min内线性增至100.0 mL/min, 保持40 min。色谱运行时间: 60 min; 进样口温度: 80 ℃。
(4) IMS条件
电离源: 氚源(3H); 迁移管长度: 53 mm; 电场强度: 500 V/cm; 迁移管温度: 45 ℃; 漂移气: 高纯氮气(纯度≥99.999%); 流速: 75.0 mL/min; 正离子模式。
蜂蜜营养指标的测定, 每个样本均进行3次平行测定, 数据以平均值±标准偏差表示。采用Excel 2016和SPSS 20.0软件进行数据整理与统计分析。
蜂蜜挥发性风味物质的测定, 检测6种酮的混标(正构酮: 2-丁酮、2-戊酮、2-己酮、2-庚酮、2-辛酮和2-壬酮), 建立保留时间和保留指数的校准曲线, 随后通过目标物的保留时间计算出该物质的保留指数, 使用VOCal数据处理软件(0.4.03)内置的GC保留指数(NIST 2020)数据库和IMS迁移时间数据库检索和比对, 对目标物进行定性分析。利用VOCal数据处理软件中的Reporter、Gallery Plot和Dynamic PCA等插件分别生成挥发性成分的三维谱图、二维谱图、差异谱图及指纹图谱, 用于样品间挥发性有机物的对比。
长白山区4个采样地中蜂蜜样品的淀粉酶值、果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、脂肪、蛋白质、脯氨酸、Na元素和维生素C等10个营养指标测定结果详见表2。蜂蜜淀粉酶值是评价蜂蜜品质、新鲜度、判断是否掺假的重要评测指标之一, 酶活性值越高说明品质越好, 且天然蜂蜜比加工过的蜂蜜酶值更高[4]。结果显示, 长白山中蜂蜜的淀粉酶值的范围在7.58~16.33 mL/(g·h)之间, 均高于我国蜂蜜标准(GH/T 18796—2012《蜂蜜》)中所要求的淀粉酶值, 其中以TH样品含量最高。
蜂蜜中约含有80%的碳水化合物, 主要有果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖等, 是评价蜂蜜质量的重要参数[5-6]。结果显示, 长白山中蜂蜜以果糖含量占比为最高, 其次为葡萄糖和麦芽糖。果糖和葡萄糖之和的平均含量范围在60.54%~67.56%之间, 以TH样品含量最高, 4个地区蜂蜜的麦芽糖含量均低于1.00%, 蔗糖均未检出, 检测结果优于国家标准(GH/T 18796—2012)。
蜂蜜中的脂肪和蛋白质含量极少, 蛋白质主要来源于蜜蜂自身分泌物、花蜜或花粉, 在蜂蜜中以酶和氨基酸的形式存在[7], 其差异是由蜜蜂的种类和所采集的花蜜决定的, 它们同样是反映蜂蜜营养品质的重要指标[8-9]。结果显示, 长白山中蜂蜜脂肪和蛋白质含量的范围分别是0.21~0.30 g/100 g以及0.19~0.35 g/100 g, 其中以TH样品含量最高, 高于王文林等[10]报道的澳洲坚果蜂蜜的脂肪含量(1 g/kg)以及潘柳等[11]报道的新疆薰衣草蜜的蛋白质含量(0.25 g/kg)。脯氨酸是蜂蜜中含量最高的游离氨基酸, 亦是评价蜂蜜抗氧化能力、成熟度、是否掺假的重要指标[12-14], 以及区分蜜露蜂蜜和花蜜蜂蜜的重要标志物[15], 且天然蜂蜜中的脯氨酸含量往往更高[16]。结果显示, 长白山中蜂蜜中脯氨酸含量范围为74~258 mg/kg, 其中以TH样品含量最高, 高于王笑笑[17]研究报道的枇杷蜜(15.73 mg/100 g)、张致豪等[18]报道的蓝莓蜜(10.52 mg/100 g)以及王丽等[19]报道的荆条蜜(32.15 mg/kg)的脯氨酸含量。
长白山中蜂蜜呈琥珀色, 有研究表明深色蜂蜜比浅色蜂蜜含有更多的功能性矿物质和维生素[20]。目前, 已在蜂蜜中发现的矿物元素多达54种, 以Na和K含量最多, 分析蜂蜜中矿物质元素, 可进行蜂蜜蜜源与产地判别以及反映环境污染情况[21-22]。维生素C几乎存在于所有类型的蜂蜜中[23], 可用来评价蜂蜜抗氧化性、新鲜度以及贮藏条件[21], 是维持蜜蜂生命健康的重要物质。结果显示, 长白山中蜂蜜的Na含量范围是6.99~14.63 mg/kg, 维生素C含量范围是0.55~0.72 mg/100 g, 其中以TH样品的维生素C和Na含量最高。
综上所述, 长白山中蜂蜜的各项指标均符合国家标准规定, 具有非常优良的营养品质, 其中以通化地区产地的蜂蜜品质为优。XUE等[24]通过液相色谱-质谱法对来自吉林省境内9个采样点的长白山中蜂蜜进行了柠檬酸、苹果酸、丁二酸和酒石酸等4种有机酸的定量分析, 它们的测定值分别是24.1×10-4、20.8×10-4、21.88×10-4、27.2×10-4 g/kg; 郭静雯等[25]系统地比较研究神农架林区西南和东北区域中蜂蜜的理化性质, 利用液相色谱-串联质谱法和固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定其酚类化合物和挥发性化合物, 发现东北区域的中蜂蜜中白杨素(P<0.05)、高良姜素(P<0.05)和乔松素(P<0.05)含量较高。结合前人的研究结果, 进一步完善了长白山中蜂蜜的营养学价值。
根据GC-IMS的三维谱图结果, 可以直观看出长白山区不同产地中蜂蜜样品中挥发性有机物存在一定差异(图1)。为进一步直观对比样品中挥发性成分的差异, 选取通化地区中蜂蜜样品(TH)的谱图作为参比, 其他样品的谱图扣减参比, 得到不同样品的差异对比图(图2)。
进一步对中蜂蜜样品中挥发性物质进行比较, 对所有挥发性物质进行指纹图谱分析, 颜色越亮, 代表物质的含量越高, 数字表示未鉴定明确的挥发性化合物, 结果见图3。结果可知, 通化地区中蜂蜜(TH)中丁酸、α-松油醇、4-松油醇、3-呋喃甲醇、Z-2-戊烯-1-醇、3-甲基-1-戊醇、2-庚醇、3-甲基-3-丁烯醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-丁醇、2-戊醇、3-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇、乙醇、水杨酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、己酸乙酯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯乙酮、2-壬酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、1-羟基-2-丙酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2-庚酮、4-庚酮、4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮、3-戊烯-2-酮、2-己酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、2-戊酮、2-丁酮、丙酮、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、E-2-己烯醛、3-甲基-2-丁烯醛、2-甲基-2-戊烯醛、苯甲醛、己醛、戊醛、3-甲基丁醛、2-甲基丙醛、丙醛、2-乙酰基呋喃、2-乙基呋喃、氧化芳樟醇、2-乙基-3甲基吡嗪、3-乙基吡啶、对伞花烃、1,8-桉叶素、二甲基三硫醚、二甲基硫醚等物质的含量较高; 吉林地区中蜂蜜(JL)中乙酸、苯乙醛、2-戊基呋喃物质的含量较高; 延边地区中蜂蜜(YB)中2-甲基丙酸、丙酸、γ-丁内酯、5-甲基-2-糠醛、糠醛、2,4-己二烯醛、环戊酮、对二甲苯等物质的含量较高; 白山地区中蜂蜜(BS)中壬醛、庚醛、乙醛、2-丙烯醛、芳樟醇、Z-3-己烯醇、1-己醇、1-戊醇、1-戊烯-3-醇、1-丙醇、2-丁醇、2-丙醇、丙酸叶醇酯、己酸甲酯、四氢-4-甲基-2-(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)-2H-吡喃、α-松油烯等物质的含量较高。
挥发性物质是蜂蜜特殊芳香的重要组成, 不同地域来源的蜂蜜具有不同的挥发性成分, 从而赋予蜂蜜独特的风味。由图3可见, 3-呋喃甲醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、乙醇、2-甲基1-丙醇、乳酸乙酯、1-羟基-2-丙酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、丙酮、己醛、二甲基硫醚、乙酸、糠醛、环戊酮、壬醛、庚醛、乙醛、2-丙烯醛、1-丙醇、2-丙醇是4个产地蜂蜜样品中浓度均较高的挥发性成分。进一步筛选分析, 糠醛、壬醛、1-羟基-2-丙酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、3-甲基-1-丁醇、氧化芳樟醇、庚醛、环戊酮、2-甲基1-丙醇、己醛具有香甜的、类似香蕉、玫瑰、柑橘等花果香味以及令人愉悦的新鲜的清新气味, 对长白山中蜂蜜的特征气味形成具有重要贡献。
风味是蜂蜜最重要的感官属性。利用GC-IMS技术对样品中的挥发性成分进行测定, 长白山区4个采样地中蜂蜜共鉴定出挥发性成分80种, 105个峰, 结果见表3。由表3可知, 挥发性成分数量较多的依次为醇类(29个, 占比27.6%)、醛类(21个, 占比20%)、酮类(20个, 占比19.1%)、酯类(15个, 占比14.3%)、酸类(6个, 占比5.7%), 以及、醚类、烯、烃等个别的其他类别物质(14个, 占比13.3%)。由此可知, 长白山中蜂蜜的挥发性风味的贡献成分主要为醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类, 与前人对蜂蜜风味的研究报道一致[26-27]
本研究对识别出的所有挥发性成分进行了峰体积(峰强度)的计算, 峰体积越大代表其含量越高。统计整理了不同采样地蜂蜜样品峰体积前10的挥发性成分, 发现氧化芳樟醇、糠醛、2-甲基-1-丙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、乙酸和乙酸乙酯是它们共有的挥发性物质, 表明它们是长白山中蜂蜜的特征挥发性成分, 详见表4
在养蜂生产中, 长白山中蜂的饲养方式多数采用原始树桶饲养, 1年摇蜜1次, 蜜蜂受人为等各种因素的干扰较少, 蜂群更接近原始生活状态。本研究所采集的中蜂蜂蜜样品均为新鲜原料蜜, 未经加工, 所酿蜂蜜营养成分的含量和品质与蜜源植物、蜂种、场地及环境等密切相关, 其中的挥发性成分更是蜂蜜中的重要组成部分, 对于蜂蜜的香气、口感和品质有着重要影响。长白山中蜂蜜的气味主要以花香味为主, 辅以甜味、清新果香味的香气。芳樟醇散发出浓郁的花香、香甜香、木质香和类似柑橘、玫瑰或蓝莓味的香气[28], 由于芳樟醇及其氧化物的对映体比率稳定且浓度较高, 可作为潜在的特征标志物用于其蜂蜜的掺假鉴别[29-30]。还具有抗生物膜特性、抗菌活性以及抗血管生成治疗作用, 亦被当作药物来使用[31-33], 在飞龙掌血蜂蜜、紫穗槐蜂蜜、无刺蜂蜂蜜等蜂蜜样品中被发现[27,34-35]。3-甲基-1-丁醇具有低气味阈值, 为紫云英蜂蜜特有的挥发性化合物[36], 也是米团花蜂蜜中含量丰富的风味物质[30]。2-甲基-1-丙醇具有清新的、酒味、皮质气味, 在低成熟度的荞麦蜜中被检出[34]。糠醛具有木香、清凉感觉, 适量添加可使饮料等产品别具风味[26]。李崇勇等[37]采用顶空-GC-IMS技术对秦岭山区的4种单花蜜(枣花蜜源、枸杞蜜源、柑橘蜜源和野玫瑰蜜源)和4种杂花蜜样品中挥发性有机物差异进行分析, 发现糠醛和乙酸乙酯在杂花蜜中含量较单花蜜高。王桃红等[38]采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对云南3种特色蜂蜜(苕子蜜、澳洲坚果蜜、橡胶蜜)挥发性成分进行测定, 发现乙酸是苕子蜜中含量较高的挥发性物质之一, 是苕子蜜中主要的酸类物质。由此推测, 以上物质是长白山中蜂蜜的特征挥发性成分, 赋予其独特风味。
长白山中蜂蜜作为一款营养成分多样、成熟度好的高价值特色中蜂蜂蜜, 其真实性和功能性研究至关重要。本研究通过测定长白山区4个采样地中蜂蜜10个营养指标, 明确了不同产地长白山中蜂蜜的营养组分含量范围, 反映长白山中蜂蜜的营养品质。对比我国其他地域特色蜂蜜, 表明其在脯氨酸、蛋白质、维生素C等营养价值上具有一定的优势。
采用GC-IMS分析技术检测了长白山区4个采样地的中华蜜蜂蜂蜜的挥发性风味物质, 共鉴定出105种化合物, 其中醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类等是其风味的重要组成成分, 且不同产地的长白山中蜂蜜呈现的挥发性成分存在差异。通过构建GC-IMS风味指纹图谱, 明确了糠醛、3-甲基-1-丁醇、氧化芳樟醇、2-甲基1-丙醇、乙酸、乙酸乙酯是长白山中蜂蜜的特征风味物质。本研究结果实现了对长白山中蜂蜜品质和风味的系统和全面分析, 可以为长白山中蜂蜜的品质鉴定和开发推广提供一定的基础数据和理论参考, 助力长白山区特色养蜂产业发展。
  • 吉林农业科技学院博士启动基金项目[(2022)751]
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250112001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-12
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-12
基金
吉林农业科技学院博士启动基金项目[(2022)751]
作者信息
    1 吉林农业科技学院, 吉林 132101
    2 东北农业大学动物医学学院, 哈尔滨 150030

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*刘楠楠(1982—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为功能食品与生物活性物质。E-mail: ;
石广亮(1983—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为新型中兽药研制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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