Article(id=1217781125271962292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250217002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271245544, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271245544, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271245544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271245544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=218, endPage=223, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781125737530053, articleId=1217781125271962292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Rapid determination of crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine in foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a rapid determination and analysis method for crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine in food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The samples were extracted with 60% (volume fraction) acetonitrile aqueous solution. After vortex oscillation, ultrasonic extraction and high-speed centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered through a filter membrane and used for determination. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% (volume fraction) formic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution. Separation was carried out on a Waters BEH Amide (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) chromatography column. The mass spectrometry was conducted using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for qualitative and quantitative determination of 3 kinds of alkaloids, namely crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine. Results The linear relationship between 3 kinds of alkaloids was good within the corresponding mass concentration range (r>0.997), the average recoveries ranged from 83.7% to 102.3%, and the relative standard deviations were ranged from 3.2% to 7.4% (n=6). The limits of detection for crotonoside and magnoflorine were both 0.1 μg/L, and the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/L. The limit of detection for isoguanine was 1.0 μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 2.0 μg/L. Conclusion This method has a rapid and simple sample pretreatment process, short time-consuming, high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for the rapid detection and confirmatory analysis of 3 kinds of alkaloids in emergency incidents of suspected croton poisoning.

, correspAuthors=Hui-Wei WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hao-Ling ZHANG, Jin-Ming LIU, Jin-Ying SUN, Min YANG, Hui-Wei WEI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217781126454756070, articleId=1217781125271962292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法快速测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤的分析方法。方法 样品采用60%(体积分数)乙腈水溶液提取, 提取液经涡旋振荡、超声提取、高速离心后吸取上清液经滤膜过滤后用于测定。以乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱, 经Waters BEH Amide (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm)色谱柱分离, 质谱采用正离子电喷雾离子化(positive ion electrospray ionization, ESI+)、多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式对巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤3种生物碱进行定性和定量测定。结果 3种生物碱在对应质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.997)平均加标回收率范围为83.7%~102.3%, 相对标准偏差为3.2%~7.4% (n=6)。巴豆苷、木兰花碱的检出限均为0.1 μg/L, 定量限均为1.0 μg/L; 异鸟嘌呤的检出限为1.0 μg/L, 定量限为2.0 μg/L。结论 本方法样品前处理快速简便, 耗时短, 方法灵敏度高, 准确性好, 适用于疑似巴豆中毒应急事件中3种生物碱的快速检测与确证分析。

, correspAuthors=韦慧慰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韦慧慰(1987—), 男, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测技术。E-mail:
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张浩玲(1988—), 女, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测技术。E-mail:

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张浩玲(1988—), 女, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测技术。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(1): 36-43., articleTitle=Determination of 15 kinds of chemicals illegally added in prefabricated food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole composite linear ion trap mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833934394675734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, awardId=LGWJ2023-002, language=CN, fundingSource=深圳市龙岗区科技创新专项(LGWJ2023-002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833928262602908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833928270991518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, companyId=1217833928262602908, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518172, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833928275185823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, companyId=1217833928262602908, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心, 深圳 518172)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833932897309099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Quantitative ion chromatogram of 4 kinds of compounds (100 μg/L), figureFileSmall=KKKjSjBj4n/CeEAAVvbgPw==, figureFileBig=Y46dmba3G7IA86umdvcQMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833933035721141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4种化合物的定量离子色谱图(100 μg/L)

注: 1~4分别代表木兰花碱、鸟苷、巴豆苷、异鸟嘌呤。

, figureFileSmall=KKKjSjBj4n/CeEAAVvbgPw==, figureFileBig=Y46dmba3G7IA86umdvcQMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833933195104701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient conditions of mobile phase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 乙腈溶液/% 0.1%甲酸水溶液/%
0.0 40 60
1.5 40 60
3.0 80 20
4.0 80 20
4.5 40 60
6.0 40 60
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933283185093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 乙腈溶液/% 0.1%甲酸水溶液/%
0.0 40 60
1.5 40 60
3.0 80 20
4.0 80 20
4.5 40 60
6.0 40 60
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933400625613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrometric parameters for the analytes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能
/V
去簇电压/V
巴豆苷 1.66 284.2 152.2* 26 60
284.2 135.1 53 60
284.2 57.1 45 60
木兰花碱 1.17 342.2 297.0* 29 60
342.2 265.1 34 60
异鸟嘌呤 1.87 152.1 135.1* 25 40
152.1 107.0 35 40
鸟苷 1.40 284.2 152.1* 25 30
284.2 135.0 55 30
284.2 110.1 55 30
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933530649047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

目标物的质谱检测参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能
/V
去簇电压/V
巴豆苷 1.66 284.2 152.2* 26 60
284.2 135.1 53 60
284.2 57.1 45 60
木兰花碱 1.17 342.2 297.0* 29 60
342.2 265.1 34 60
异鸟嘌呤 1.87 152.1 135.1* 25 40
152.1 107.0 35 40
鸟苷 1.40 284.2 152.1* 25 30
284.2 135.0 55 30
284.2 110.1 55 30
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933643895265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear ranges, linear equations, correlation coefficients (r), LODS and LOQS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 线性范围/(μg/L) 回归方程 相关系数(r) LODs/(μg/L) LOQs/(μg/L)
巴豆苷 1.00~100.00 Y=4.64290e5X+42996.4 0.99785 0.1 1.0
木兰花碱 0.10~100.00 Y=7.80708e5X+11822.18445 0.99775 0.1 1.0
异鸟嘌呤 1.00~100.00 Y=1.01935e5X+26876.14486 0.99967 1.0 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933782307310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

线性范围、回归方程、相关系数(r)、LODS和LOQS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 线性范围/(μg/L) 回归方程 相关系数(r) LODs/(μg/L) LOQs/(μg/L)
巴豆苷 1.00~100.00 Y=4.64290e5X+42996.4 0.99785 0.1 1.0
木兰花碱 0.10~100.00 Y=7.80708e5X+11822.18445 0.99775 0.1 1.0
异鸟嘌呤 1.00~100.00 Y=1.01935e5X+26876.14486 0.99967 1.0 2.0
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933954273785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Average recoveries and RSDs of methods (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 加标量/(μg/kg) 黄豆
回收率/% RSDs/%
巴豆苷 2.0 101.3 4.5
10.0 89.1 7.4
20.0 91.8 4.9
木兰花碱 2.0 96.8 4.0
10.0 102.3 5.6
20.0 102.1 3.9
异鸟嘌呤 2.0 83.7 3.2
10.0 88.7 4.5
20.0 92.2 5.1
), ArticleFig(id=1217833934088491522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781125271962292, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

方法的回收率和RSDs (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 加标量/(μg/kg) 黄豆
回收率/% RSDs/%
巴豆苷 2.0 101.3 4.5
10.0 89.1 7.4
20.0 91.8 4.9
木兰花碱 2.0 96.8 4.0
10.0 102.3 5.6
20.0 102.1 3.9
异鸟嘌呤 2.0 83.7 3.2
10.0 88.7 4.5
20.0 92.2 5.1
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超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法快速测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤
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张浩玲 , 刘金明 , 孙金影 , 杨敏 , 韦慧慰 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(12): 218-223
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(12): 218-223
超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法快速测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤
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张浩玲 , 刘金明, 孙金影, 杨敏, 韦慧慰*
作者信息
  • 深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心, 深圳 518172
  • 张浩玲(1988—), 女, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*韦慧慰(1987—), 男, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测技术。E-mail:
Rapid determination of crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine in foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Hao-Ling ZHANG , Jin-Ming LIU, Jin-Ying SUN, Min YANG, Hui-Wei WEI*
Affiliations
  • Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518172, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250217002
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目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤的分析方法。方法 样品采用60%(体积分数)乙腈水溶液提取, 提取液经涡旋振荡、超声提取、高速离心后吸取上清液经滤膜过滤后用于测定。以乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱, 经Waters BEH Amide (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm)色谱柱分离, 质谱采用正离子电喷雾离子化(positive ion electrospray ionization, ESI+)、多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式对巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤3种生物碱进行定性和定量测定。结果 3种生物碱在对应质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r>0.997)平均加标回收率范围为83.7%~102.3%, 相对标准偏差为3.2%~7.4% (n=6)。巴豆苷、木兰花碱的检出限均为0.1 μg/L, 定量限均为1.0 μg/L; 异鸟嘌呤的检出限为1.0 μg/L, 定量限为2.0 μg/L。结论 本方法样品前处理快速简便, 耗时短, 方法灵敏度高, 准确性好, 适用于疑似巴豆中毒应急事件中3种生物碱的快速检测与确证分析。

巴豆苷  /  木兰花碱  /  异鸟嘌呤  /  超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法

Objective To establish a rapid determination and analysis method for crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine in food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The samples were extracted with 60% (volume fraction) acetonitrile aqueous solution. After vortex oscillation, ultrasonic extraction and high-speed centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered through a filter membrane and used for determination. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% (volume fraction) formic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution. Separation was carried out on a Waters BEH Amide (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm) chromatography column. The mass spectrometry was conducted using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for qualitative and quantitative determination of 3 kinds of alkaloids, namely crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine. Results The linear relationship between 3 kinds of alkaloids was good within the corresponding mass concentration range (r>0.997), the average recoveries ranged from 83.7% to 102.3%, and the relative standard deviations were ranged from 3.2% to 7.4% (n=6). The limits of detection for crotonoside and magnoflorine were both 0.1 μg/L, and the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/L. The limit of detection for isoguanine was 1.0 μg/L, and the limit of quantification was 2.0 μg/L. Conclusion This method has a rapid and simple sample pretreatment process, short time-consuming, high sensitivity and good accuracy, and is suitable for the rapid detection and confirmatory analysis of 3 kinds of alkaloids in emergency incidents of suspected croton poisoning.

crotonoside  /  magnoflorine  /  isoguanine  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
张浩玲, 刘金明, 孙金影, 杨敏, 韦慧慰. 超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法快速测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 218 -223 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250217002
Hao-Ling ZHANG, Jin-Ming LIU, Jin-Ying SUN, Min YANG, Hui-Wei WEI. Rapid determination of crotonoside, magnoflorine and isoguanine in foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 218 -223 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250217002
巴豆为大戟科巴豆属植物的成熟果实[1-2], 广泛分布于全球的亚热带和热带地区, 在我国主要分布于南方地区[3-5]。巴豆中蕴含丰富的生物活性物质[6-7], 早在公元前巴豆提取物就被记载用于治疗风湿病、头疼和胃痛等病症[8-9]。大量研究表明, 巴豆提取物不仅具有显著的抗肿瘤[10-12]、抗炎症[13]、抗菌性[14-15]作用, 而且对高血压[16]、糖尿病[17]、消化性溃疡[18]、疟疾[19-20]等疾病也有一定的治疗效果。巴豆中含有多种多样的化学成分, 包括脂肪油、生物碱[21]、蛋白质[22]等。其中, 生物碱又包含巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤[23]等化合物, 而巴豆苷不仅是评估巴豆药材质量的标志性成分[24], 亦是巴豆含量测定的指定成分[25]。然而, 巴豆作为一味中药材, 毒性较大[26-28], 一旦误用, 极易造成中毒危害。此前, 曾有确证或疑似巴豆中毒事件的报道, 例如, 六安县挥手乡发生一起因豆制品污染导致51人出现腹痛、腹泻、呕吐等症状的中毒事件, 后经追查发现豆渣中检出巴豆成分; 安徽灵璧县某学校食堂发生一起食物中毒事件, 导致26人出现腹泻、胃部灼烧感、恶心等症状, 后经公安部门证实是人为中药巴豆投毒案件; 2012年湖南长沙某学院27名学生在食用该学院早餐后, 出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻等症状, 经过流行病学调查、临床医生会诊以及实验室实验后, 高度怀疑是巴豆中毒所致[29]。因此, 强化对巴豆药物的监管显得尤为关键。
目前, 我国尚未制定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤测定的国家标准方法。虽然已有一些文献报道了相关测定方法, 如采用液相色谱-质谱法测定巴豆中的巴豆苷[29]、运用反相高效液相色谱法测定巴豆中的木兰花碱[30]、借助高效液相色谱法测定巴豆中巴豆苷和木兰花碱[31]、利用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定巴豆中巴豆苷水解产物异鸟嘌呤[32], 但这些方法均是以巴豆为样本, 存在样品处理步骤烦琐、检测时间长的问题, 而且一种方法往往只能检测1~2种物质。在食物中毒事件调查处理中, 对食品样品的检测往往是首要且关键的环节。巴豆苷和鸟苷的结构极为相似, 仅在个别取代基上存在差异, 因此二者理化性质也较为接近。当实际样品中同时存在巴豆苷和鸟苷时, 传统色谱分析检测方法很难将二者有效区分, 导致检测结果出现偏差。因此, 本研究拟以黄豆为例, 建立超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法同时测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤含量的分析方法, 为巴豆中毒应急事件的处置和相关检测方法的构建提供有力的理论依据和技术支撑。
黄豆样品均购于深圳市本地企业, 巴豆药材购于深圳市本地医院。
乙腈(色谱纯, 美国Fisher Chemical公司)、甲酸(色谱纯, 德国CNW公司); 巴豆苷标准溶液(质量浓度100 μg/mL)、异鸟嘌呤标准品(纯度97.6%)、木兰花碱(纯度99.9%)、鸟苷(纯度99.9%)(天津阿尔塔标准物质研究有限公司)。
QTRAP-6500+超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱仪[配有电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI)及SCIEX OS 2.2.0数据处理系统](美国AB SCIEX公司); XSE205DU电子天平[感量0.01 mg, 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]; X-12R低温高速离心机[贝克曼库尔特(美国)有限公司]; LW20A超声波振荡水浴箱(莱伯泰科有限公司); UMV-2多管旋涡混合器(北京普立泰科仪器有限公司); BEH Amide色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm)、Waters CROTECS C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm)、Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm)(美国Waters公司)。
(1)标准储备溶液的配制
异鸟嘌呤在有机溶剂中基本不溶解, 少量溶解于水中, 1 g/L的异鸟嘌呤在水温大于35 ℃时能完全溶解, 故其储备溶液用水配制。准确称取异鸟嘌呤、木兰花碱标准物质, 分别用水、甲醇少量多次溶解并定容至10 mL容量瓶中, 配制成1000 μg/mL的标准储备溶液, -18 ℃避光密闭储存。
(2)标准中间溶液的配制
取1 mL标准储备溶液, 分别用水、甲醇稀释定容至10 mL, 得到质量浓度为100 μg/mL的异鸟嘌呤、木兰花碱标准中间溶液, 4 ℃下避光密闭保存。
(3)混合标准工作溶液的配制
分别取异鸟嘌呤、木兰花碱标准中间溶液以及巴豆苷标准溶液1 mL, 用甲醇定容至10 mL容量瓶中, 得到质量浓度为10 μg/mL的混合标准溶液。分别吸取混合标准溶液适量用甲醇溶液逐级稀释至质量浓度为0.1、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0、100.0 μg/L的混合标准工作溶液。
准确称取经捣碎机捣碎混匀的黄豆样品0.5 g(精确至0.001 g)于15 mL离心管中, 加入10 mL 60%(体积分数)乙腈水溶液, 涡旋振荡器混匀1 min, 超声提取20 min后, 冷却至室温, 于8000 r/min、4 ℃下离心5 min。吸取上清液经0.22 μm有机微孔滤膜过滤至样品瓶, 待上机测定。
(1)色谱条件
色谱柱为BEH Amid (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm); 流动相: A相为乙腈溶液, B相为0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液, 梯度条件见表1; 柱温40 ℃, 流速0.5 mL/min, 进样量1 μL。
(2)质谱条件
离子源: ESI; 扫描方式: 正离子扫描; 检测方式: 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM); 离子化电压: 5500 V; 雾化气压力: 50 Psi; 气帘气压力: 30 Psi; 辅助气压力: 55 Psi; 离子源温度: 550 ℃。监测的离子对、相关电压参数等见表2
采用Analyst 1.7.2软件对样品进行原始数据采集, SCIEX OS 2.2.0软件对采集和检测结果进行分析和定量, 并采用Microsoft Excel 2013软件对数据制图。
以乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸水溶液分别作为流动相A、B, 考察了4种混合标准溶液在Waters CROTECS C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm)、Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm)和BEH Amide (3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.5 μm)色谱柱上的分离效果。实验表明, Waters CROTECS C18色谱柱、Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱上巴豆苷与其同分异构体鸟苷的分离效果不佳, 易造成假阳性的干扰。在BEH Amide色谱柱上, 各化合物灵敏度高, 分离度好, 无杂峰干扰, 能有效实现各化合物的分离与检测, 色谱图如图1所示。
配制巴豆苷、木兰花碱、异鸟嘌呤、鸟苷的混合标准溶液, 采用针泵直接进样方式, 利用正离子扫描方式, 获得最高响应强度的母离子; 通过优化碰撞能, 确定响应最强的离子作为定量离子, 同时选择响应较强的离子作为定性离子; 借助MRM技术对各离子的参数进行优化, 具体参数见表2。在本研究设定的质谱条件下, 巴豆苷的特异性离子对为284.2/57.1, 而鸟苷不含此离子对, 据此可有效区分巴豆苷与其同分异构体鸟苷, 实现对目标成分的准确识别。
基质效应(matrix effects, ME)主要源自样品离子化过程的复杂影响因素, 这些因素通过改变离子化效率, 使待测物响应增强或抑制, 从而直接影响待测物测定结果的准确性。为评估检测巴豆苷、木兰花碱、异鸟嘌呤3种生物碱时样品产生ME的大小, 分别用空白样品提取液和溶剂(60%乙腈水溶液)配制成0.10、1.00、2.00、5.00、10.00、20.00、50.00、100.00 μg/L的两份标准溶液, 以外标法进行分析, ME/%=(ME标准曲线的斜率/溶剂标准曲线的斜率)×100%。当ME在85%~115%范围内, 可认为ME较弱或不存在ME[33]。采用本研究的检测方法, 3种生物碱的MEs均在85%~115%范围内, 可忽略ME影响, 故采用溶剂标准曲线进行定量分析。
将混合标准工作溶液按本研究的检测方法上机测定, 以混合标准工作溶液的质量浓度(X, μg/L)为横坐标, 定量离子色谱峰的峰面积(Y)为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线, 得到3种生物碱的回归方程和相关系数(r)。结果表明, 3种生物碱在对应质量浓度范围内的相关系数(r)均大于0.997, 呈良好的线性关系。在空白样品中加入适量低浓度的混合标准溶液进行测定, 以3倍信噪比(S/N≥3)响应值对应的质量浓度作为检出限(limit of detection, LOD), 10倍信噪比(S/N≥10)响应值对应的质量浓度作为定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)。基于信噪比法, 通过空白样品溶液加标实验测定3种生物碱的灵敏度: 巴豆苷、木兰花碱在0.1 μg/L加标浓度下S/N>3, 在1.0 μg/L加标浓度下S/N>10; 异鸟嘌呤在1.0 μg/L加标浓度下S/N>3, 在2.0 μg/L加标浓度下S/N>10, 因此得出3种生物碱的LODs、LOQs, 具体结果见表3
对不含3种生物碱的空白样品, 进行2.0、10.0、20.0 μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收实验, 每个水平做6次平行实验, 计算方法回收率和精密度[相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)], 具体结果见表4。3种生物碱的回收率范围为83.7%~102.3%, RSDs范围为3.2%~7.4%, 该结果表明3种生物碱的回收率和RSDS均满足化学分析方法的检测要求。
采用本研究建立的检测方法, 对市售巴豆药材进行测定, 结果检出巴豆苷757.56 mg/kg, 木兰花碱562.08 mg/kg, 异鸟嘌呤1333.92 mg/kg。运用上述方法, 能够满足对巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤这3种生物碱的定性鉴别与定量测定的需求。
本研究采用乙腈水溶液提取, 结合超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法, 建立了一种同时测定食品中巴豆苷、木兰花碱和异鸟嘌呤3种生物碱的快速定性和定量的方法。通过优化色谱、质谱条件, 有效消除同分异构体和基质的干扰, 前处理流程简易, 3种生物碱的分离度良好, 回收率较高, 检测结果准确可靠。本方法线性范围宽, LODs低, 能满足不同浓度水平的检测需求, 在相关中毒应急检测中, 有望应用于其他中毒样品的定性筛查和定量测定。本研究有利于强化巴豆药材的安全监管, 为3种生物碱相关检测方法的制定提供技术支撑, 对推动食品生物碱检测技术的发展具有重要意义。
  • 深圳市龙岗区科技创新专项(LGWJ2023-002)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250217002
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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深圳市龙岗区科技创新专项(LGWJ2023-002)
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    深圳市龙岗区疾病预防控制中心, 深圳 518172

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*韦慧慰(1987—), 男, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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