Article(id=1217781120960221522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739116800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768271244516, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768271244516, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768271244516, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768271244516, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=224, endPage=230, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217781121396429146, articleId=1217781120960221522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of betamethasone and dexamethasone residues in livestock and poultry products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucocorticoids (GCs) (betamethasone and dexamethasone) in livestock and poultry products with 3 kinds of different substrates by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by QuEChERS, filtered by 0.22 µm organic microporous membrane. The target analytes were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) pattern, using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. Results The calibration curve showed a good linear from concentration 0-100 μg/L and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9994. The recoveries were from 79.3% to 105.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.4% and 9.4%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of betamethasone were 4.4-4.8 μg/kg and 14.6-15.9 μg/kg respectively. The LODs and LOQs of dexamethasone were 2.7-3.4 μg/kg and 8.9-11.2 μg/kg, respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the determination of glucocorticoid residues in livestock and poultry products with its high sensitivity and accuracy.

, correspAuthors=Jun-Ying YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Man-Li XIE, Neng-Ming CHU, Xiao-Xia YANG, Xiao SHU, Xue-Mei ZHANG, Xia MENG, Jun-Ying YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217781122562445699, articleId=1217781120960221522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽产品中倍他米松和地塞米松的残留量, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测3种不同基质的畜禽产品中糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids, GCs)(倍他米松和地塞米松)残留量的方法。方法 样品采用乙酸乙酯提取, 通过QuEChERS净化方式, 后过0.22 μm有机微孔滤膜, 在正离子模式下采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相, 经高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行定性定量分析。结果 在0~100 μg/L的质量浓度范围内, 线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.9994, 回收率在79.3%~105.8%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在1.4%~9.4%之间。倍他米松的检出限(limits of detection, LODs)为4.4~4.8 μg/kg, 定量限(limits of quantitation, LOQs)为14.6~15.9 μg/kg; 地塞米松的LODs为2.7~3.4 μg/kg, LOQs为8.9~11.2 μg/kg。结论 该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确性, 适用于测定畜禽产品中糖皮质激素类药物的残留量。

, correspAuthors=杨俊英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨俊英(1971—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E mail:
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谢蔓莉(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E mail:

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注: 1. 倍他米松; 2. 地塞米松。a~f. 对应表2中的洗脱条件。

, figureFileSmall=6sEJUsk9DkgjFI8LHqzNSA==, figureFileBig=H0p2LTZrZvfhewEdUg56nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929671889182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781120960221522, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatogram of GCs at different mobile phase flow rates

注: a. 0.20 mL/min; b. 0.25 mL/min; c. 0.30 mL/min。

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Mass spectrum parameters of GCs

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分析物 保留时间/min 前体离子(m/z) 产物离子(m/z) Q1 Pre偏差/V 碰撞能量/V Q3 Pre偏差/V
倍他米松 7.783 393.20 373.00* -15 -9 -18
355.10 -11 -12 -17
地塞米松 8.088 393.20 373.20* -19 -9 -18
355.10 -19 -13 -25
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931710320989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781120960221522, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GCs质谱参数

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分析物 保留时间/min 前体离子(m/z) 产物离子(m/z) Q1 Pre偏差/V 碰撞能量/V Q3 Pre偏差/V
倍他米松 7.783 393.20 373.00* -15 -9 -18
355.10 -11 -12 -17
地塞米松 8.088 393.20 373.20* -19 -9 -18
355.10 -19 -13 -25
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931848733032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781120960221522, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gradient elution conditions of different mobile phase

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序号 梯度洗脱程序
a 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 甲醇; 0~6.00 min, 90%~10% A; 6.00~10.00 min, 10% A; 10.00~12.00 min, 10%~90% A; 12.00~13.00 min, 90% A
b 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 甲醇; 0~2.00 min, 90%~20% A; 2.00~7.00 min, 20% A; 7.00~8.00 min, 20%~40% A; 8.00~9.00 min, 40%~80% A; 9.00~10.00 min, 80%~90% A; 10.00~12.00 min, 90% A
c 流动相A: 5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸), 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~3.00 min, 90%~40% A; 3.00~5.00 min, 40% A;
5.00~7.00 min, 40%~90% A; 7.00~9.00 min, 90% A
d 流动相A: 5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸), 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~5.00 min, 90%~65% A; 5.00~7.00 min, 65%~10% A; 7.00~11.00 min, 10% A; 11.00~12.00 min, 10%~90% A; 12.00~13.00 min, 90% A
e 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~9.00 min, 75%~65% A; 9.00~15.00 min, 65% A; 15.00~15.01 min, 65%~10% A; 15.01~17.00 min, 10% A; 17.00~18.00 min, 10%~75% A
f 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~9.00 min, 75%~65% A; 9.00~15.00 min, 65% A; 15.00~15.01 min, 65%~10% A; 15.01~17.00 min, 10% A; 17.00~18.00 min, 10%~75% A; 18.00~20.00 min, 75% A
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931961979248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781120960221522, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同流动相梯度洗脱条件

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序号 梯度洗脱程序
a 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 甲醇; 0~6.00 min, 90%~10% A; 6.00~10.00 min, 10% A; 10.00~12.00 min, 10%~90% A; 12.00~13.00 min, 90% A
b 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 甲醇; 0~2.00 min, 90%~20% A; 2.00~7.00 min, 20% A; 7.00~8.00 min, 20%~40% A; 8.00~9.00 min, 40%~80% A; 9.00~10.00 min, 80%~90% A; 10.00~12.00 min, 90% A
c 流动相A: 5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸), 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~3.00 min, 90%~40% A; 3.00~5.00 min, 40% A;
5.00~7.00 min, 40%~90% A; 7.00~9.00 min, 90% A
d 流动相A: 5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸), 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~5.00 min, 90%~65% A; 5.00~7.00 min, 65%~10% A; 7.00~11.00 min, 10% A; 11.00~12.00 min, 10%~90% A; 12.00~13.00 min, 90% A
e 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~9.00 min, 75%~65% A; 9.00~15.00 min, 65% A; 15.00~15.01 min, 65%~10% A; 15.01~17.00 min, 10% A; 17.00~18.00 min, 10%~75% A
f 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸水, 流动相B: 乙腈; 0~9.00 min, 75%~65% A; 9.00~15.00 min, 65% A; 15.00~15.01 min, 65%~10% A; 15.01~17.00 min, 10% A; 17.00~18.00 min, 10%~75% A; 18.00~20.00 min, 75% A
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932142334330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781120960221522, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of recoveries, RSDs, LODs, LOQs of GCs in different kind of samples (n=6)

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激素 添加量
/(μg/kg)
猪肝 鸡肉 鸡蛋
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
倍他
米松
5 101.4 6.4 4.6 15.3 86.4 3.9 4.4 14.6 105.8 3.5 4.8 15.9
10 104.3 3.1 87.0 9.4 85.7 7.9
50 104.7 1.4 88.1 3.0 79.3 2.6
地塞
米松
5 105.4 7.1 3.4 11.2 81.0 6.6 2.7 8.9 103.2 8.1 3.1 10.4
10 103.9 3.8 93.7 5.8 97.9 5.5
50 105.6 3.9 93.0 2.1 87.8 2.8
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932276552061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217781120960221522, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同基质样品中GCs的加标回收率、RSDs、LODs和LOQs结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
激素 添加量
/(μg/kg)
猪肝 鸡肉 鸡蛋
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
倍他
米松
5 101.4 6.4 4.6 15.3 86.4 3.9 4.4 14.6 105.8 3.5 4.8 15.9
10 104.3 3.1 87.0 9.4 85.7 7.9
50 104.7 1.4 88.1 3.0 79.3 2.6
地塞
米松
5 105.4 7.1 3.4 11.2 81.0 6.6 2.7 8.9 103.2 8.1 3.1 10.4
10 103.9 3.8 93.7 5.8 97.9 5.5
50 105.6 3.9 93.0 2.1 87.8 2.8
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高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽产品中倍他米松和地塞米松的残留量
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谢蔓莉 , 褚能明 , 杨晓霞 , 舒晓 , 张雪梅 , 孟霞 , 杨俊英 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(12): 224-230
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(12): 224-230
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽产品中倍他米松和地塞米松的残留量
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谢蔓莉 , 褚能明, 杨晓霞, 舒晓, 张雪梅, 孟霞, 杨俊英*
作者信息
  • 重庆市农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 重庆 401329
  • 谢蔓莉(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E mail:

通讯作者:

*杨俊英(1971—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E mail:
Determination of betamethasone and dexamethasone residues in livestock and poultry products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Man-Li XIE , Neng-Ming CHU, Xiao-Xia YANG, Xiao SHU, Xue-Mei ZHANG, Xia MENG, Jun-Ying YANG*
Affiliations
  • Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210001
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目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测3种不同基质的畜禽产品中糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids, GCs)(倍他米松和地塞米松)残留量的方法。方法 样品采用乙酸乙酯提取, 通过QuEChERS净化方式, 后过0.22 μm有机微孔滤膜, 在正离子模式下采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相, 经高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行定性定量分析。结果 在0~100 μg/L的质量浓度范围内, 线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.9994, 回收率在79.3%~105.8%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在1.4%~9.4%之间。倍他米松的检出限(limits of detection, LODs)为4.4~4.8 μg/kg, 定量限(limits of quantitation, LOQs)为14.6~15.9 μg/kg; 地塞米松的LODs为2.7~3.4 μg/kg, LOQs为8.9~11.2 μg/kg。结论 该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确性, 适用于测定畜禽产品中糖皮质激素类药物的残留量。

畜禽产品  /  糖皮质激素  /  QuEChERS  /  高效液相色谱-串联质谱法

Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucocorticoids (GCs) (betamethasone and dexamethasone) in livestock and poultry products with 3 kinds of different substrates by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by QuEChERS, filtered by 0.22 µm organic microporous membrane. The target analytes were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) pattern, using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. Results The calibration curve showed a good linear from concentration 0-100 μg/L and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9994. The recoveries were from 79.3% to 105.8%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.4% and 9.4%. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of betamethasone were 4.4-4.8 μg/kg and 14.6-15.9 μg/kg respectively. The LODs and LOQs of dexamethasone were 2.7-3.4 μg/kg and 8.9-11.2 μg/kg, respectively. Conclusion The method is suitable for the determination of glucocorticoid residues in livestock and poultry products with its high sensitivity and accuracy.

livestock and poultry products  /  glucocorticoids  /  QuEChERS  /  high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
谢蔓莉, 褚能明, 杨晓霞, 舒晓, 张雪梅, 孟霞, 杨俊英. 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽产品中倍他米松和地塞米松的残留量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 224 -230 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210001
Man-Li XIE, Neng-Ming CHU, Xiao-Xia YANG, Xiao SHU, Xue-Mei ZHANG, Xia MENG, Jun-Ying YANG. Determination of betamethasone and dexamethasone residues in livestock and poultry products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 224 -230 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210001
糖皮质激素(glucocorticoids, GCs)属于类固醇激素, 是一类最重要、最常用的抗炎、抗过敏和免疫抑制药物, 其被广泛应用到畜牧业中, 能够提高饲料的转化率, 促进畜禽的生长, 然而在动物生长过程中, 过量使用GCs会引起动物源性食品中残留量超标[1]。人体过量摄入GCs会对大脑结构和神经功能造成不良影响, 导致骨质疏松、疲劳、体重增加等[2]。因此, 加大对畜禽产品中GCs残留的检验检测十分重要。
GCs包括天然的和合成的[3]。其中地塞米松和倍他米松是差向异构体, 属于人工合成的GCs, 彼此之间的区别仅在于C16位置上甲基的方向[4]。目前, 倍他米松和地塞米松的检测方法有薄层色谱法[5]、液相色谱-串联质谱法[6-10]、液相色谱-高分辨质谱法[11]、气相色谱-串联质谱法[12]、气相色谱-高分辨质谱法[13]、间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法[14]等。就方法适用性来看, 采用气相色谱-串联质谱法检测时, 由于GCs中含有多个羟基极性基团, 不易挥发、热稳定性差, 目标物需经过衍生化后才能被检测, 前处理较复杂[1]; 而高分辨率质谱仪的使用成本较高, 普及率较低, 对分析水平要求高; 采用液相色谱-串联质谱仪来定性定量检测GCs更加普遍、方便。在前处理方面, 常用方法有液液萃取、固相萃取、QuEChERS、加速溶剂萃取、分散固相萃取和磁性固相萃取[15], 其中液液萃取易造成目标化合物损失, 固相萃取柱成本较高。与传统的液液萃取和固相萃取技术相比, QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safety)代表更加“快速、简易、廉价、有效、稳定、安全”的净化方式, 近年来, 被广泛应用于农药残留[16-18]、兽药残留[19-20]、真菌毒素[21]、活性成分[22]等的检验检测中, 具有能够保证一定的回收率和抗样品基质干扰的优点。
本研究通过探索不同提取溶剂和净化方式, 优化液相和质谱条件, 确定了基于QuEChERS前处理方式同时检测畜禽产品中倍他米松和地塞米松的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 该方法解决了从畜禽产品提取这两种异构体化合物的过程中基质复杂难分离的情况, 并开展了相关方法学验证。旨在为畜禽产品中GCs的检测提供一定的科学数据和市场安全监管提供技术支撑。
鸡肉、鸡蛋、猪肝等样品均采购于当地农贸市场。
N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA, 美国安捷伦科技公司); 中性氧化铝(分析纯, 上海新诚精细化工有限公司); 无水硫酸镁(含量99%, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 乙酸铵、甲醇、乙腈[质谱纯, 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; 甲酸(色谱纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 乙酸乙酯(色谱纯)、丙酮(分析纯)(成都科隆化学品有限公司); 氨水、氢氧化钠[分析纯, 重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司]; 正己烷(色谱纯, 天津市四友精细化学品有限公司); 地塞米松标准溶液(质量浓度100 μg/mL)、倍他米松标准溶液(质量浓度1000 μg/mL)(中国计量科学研究院)。
LCMS-8050型高效液相色谱串联质谱仪(日本岛津公司); Quintix224-1CN型万分位分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 德国赛多利斯公司); H1850R离心机(长沙高新技术产业开发区湘仪离心机仪器有限公司); TTL-DCⅡ型氮吹仪(北京同泰联科技发展有限公司); Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C8色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)、亲水亲脂共平衡型固相萃取柱(hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solid phase extraction column, HLB)(500 mg, 6 CC, 美国沃特世公司); 硅胶固相萃取柱(500 mg, 6 mL)(天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司)。
地塞米松、倍他米松混合标准使用液: 分别准确移取100 μL和10 μL地塞米松和倍他米松标准溶液于10 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇定容至刻度, 得到1 μg/mL的混合标准使用液, -20 ℃保存备用。
样品提取: 将样品(鸡肉、鸡蛋、猪肝)匀浆, 称取(2.0±0.5) g样品于50 mL聚丙烯离心管中, 加入10 mL提取液, 涡旋混匀, 振荡提取20 min, 8000 r/min冷冻离心5 min, 移取提取液于另一离心管中。于残渣中加10 mL 0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液, 混匀, 再加提取液重复提取一次, 合并两次提取液, 待净化。
样品净化:
① HLB固相萃取柱。将上述提取液40 ℃氮气吹干, 用5 mL乙腈-氨水(氨水:乙腈:水=3:5:92, V:V:V)溶解残渣, 涡旋混匀。过柱前, 分别用6 mL甲醇、水活化小柱, 将所有提取液过柱, 6 mL乙腈-氨水溶液淋洗, 抽干; 最后用6 mL乙酸乙酯-甲醇溶液(6:4, V:V)洗脱, 收集洗脱液, 于40 ℃氮吹至干。
② 硅胶固相萃取柱。将上述提取液40 ℃氮气吹干, 用1 mL乙酸乙酯和5 mL正己烷溶解残渣, 涡旋混匀。过柱前, 用6 mL正己烷活化固相萃取柱, 将所有提取液过柱, 6 mL正己烷淋洗, 抽干, 用6 mL正己烷-丙酮(6:4, V:V)洗脱, 收集洗脱液, 于40 ℃氮吹至干。
③ QuEChERS。取5 mL提取液于15 mL离心管中, 加入150 mg PSA、150 mg无水硫酸镁、300 mg中性氧化铝, 涡旋混匀1 min, 4000 r/min离心3 min, 取4 mL上清液于10 mL氮吹管中, 40 ℃氮吹干。
样品复溶上机: 在上述3种不同净化方式处理后的样品残渣中加入1 mL 20%乙腈-水溶液(乙腈:水=2:8, V:V), 再加入5 mL正己烷, 涡旋混匀, 4000 r/min离心3 min, 移取下层溶液过0.22 μm有机滤膜到进样瓶中, 进高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。
柱温40 ℃; 进样量2 μL; 流速0.2 mL/min; 流动相: A相0.1%甲酸水溶液, B相乙腈; 洗脱梯度: 0~9.00 min, 75%~65% A; 9.00~15.00 min, 65% A; 15.00~15.01 min, 65%~10% A; 15.01~17.00 min, 10% A; 17.00~18.00 min, 10%~75% A; 18.00~20.00 min, 75% A。
离子源类型: 电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization source, ESI); 扫描方式: 正离子扫描; 雾化气流速3.0 L/min; 加热气流速10.0 L/min; 干燥气流速10.0 L/min; 接口温度300 ℃; 加热模块温度400 ℃; 脱溶管(desolvation line assembly, DL)温度250 ℃; 碰撞气: 氩气270 kPa; 其余质谱参数见表1
通过Labsolution工作站进行原始数据的采集和预处理、生成标准曲线, 用外标法定量分析; 采用Origin 2021绘制图谱; Microsoft Excel 2016软件对数据进行计算并制作表格。
表2展示了6种不同流动相及梯度洗脱程序, 包括3种不同流动相, 每种流动相对应2种不同梯度洗脱程序, 图1为各梯度洗脱程序对应的GCs色谱图。从图1中a~d可以看出, 在流动相为0.1%甲酸水+甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)+乙腈时, 倍他米松和地塞米松在同一时间出峰, 未分离。流动相为0.1%甲酸水+乙腈时, 两种GCs能够分开, 图1e分离效果不好, 可能是因为后运行时间不够, 流动相平衡时间太短, 液相条件不稳定, 导致色谱峰分离度不够, 保留时间飘移, 故在梯度洗脱条件e的基础上, 在洗脱条件最后以75%流动相A保持2 min不变, 则倍他米松和地塞米松可以完全分离, 见图1f, 因此, 选择条件f作为最终梯度洗脱程序。
本研究比较了0.20、0.25、0.30 mL/min这3种流速下GCs的出峰时间、峰形等。图2展示了不同流动相流速下GCs的色谱图。结果表明流速越大, 目标化合物出峰时间越快, 系统压力越大; 流速为0.20 mL/min时, 色谱峰响应强度较好, 出峰时间较好, 流动相使用量最少, 节约成本; 而流速为0.30 mL/min时, 色谱峰响应强度最差, 流动相使用量最高; 3种流速下的色谱峰分离度无明显差异, 综上, 流速选择0.20 mL/min。
以猪肝为基质, 加标量为2.5 μg/kg, 探讨了5种不同提取溶剂: 1%甲酸-乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、甲醇、乙酸铵(2 mol/L)+甲醇(先用乙酸铵提取, 再用甲醇提取)、乙腈-水(V:V=3:7, 含0.1%甲酸)对地塞米松和倍他米松回收率的影响。结果表明, 甲醇提取的目标物色谱峰响应不高, 峰形不好, 这是因为基质中的磷脂和蛋白质可能影响串联质谱中化合物电离并导致分析信号损失[23-24], 当使用甲醇代替乙腈作为有机溶剂萃取剂时, 磷脂导致的信号损失可能更高[25], 故不使用甲醇作为GCs提取溶剂。同时, 乙酸铵+甲醇和乙腈-水作提取溶剂时, 提取液出现浑浊, 且氮吹时间过长, 成本较高, 也不考虑这两种溶液作提取溶剂。此外, 1%甲酸-乙腈在提取猪肝中的倍他米松时, 回收率低于60%, 该提取溶剂也被排除。
图3展示了乙酸乙酯、乙腈2种提取溶剂对3种基质(猪肝、鸡肉、鸡蛋)中的GCs回收率的影响。从图3中可以看出, 和猪肝、鸡肉相比, 乙酸乙酯和乙腈提取鸡蛋中的GCs时, 回收率最低。虽然乙腈对脂肪的溶解较低, 有利于沉淀蛋白质[26], 但是乙腈在提取鸡蛋中地塞米松时, 回收率最低, 为75.5%; 乙酸乙酯对2种GCs的回收率均在83%以上, 这可归因于乙酸乙酯的脂溶性, 它可以增加提取溶剂的渗透性, 从而提高从动物组织中提取分析物的效率[27]。因此, 选择乙酸乙酯作为提取溶剂。
图4展示了3种不同净化方式(QuEChERS、HLB固相萃取柱、硅胶固相萃取柱)对GCs回收率的影响。由图4可知, 硅胶固相萃取柱净化效果最好, 2种GCs的回收率均达到83%以上。经HLB固相萃取柱净化后, GCs在鸡蛋和猪肝中的回收率最低, 在48%~63%之间; 在鸡肉中的回收率最高, 倍他米松为90.6%, 地塞米松为81.2%。经QuEChERS净化方式处理的样品, 倍他米松和地塞米松的回收率均达到70%以上, 满足GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》中对回收率的要求。
虽然固相萃取(solid phase extraction, SPE)是最常用的前处理净化方法, 其对微量或痕量目标化合物的提取、分离能力较强, 但是其操作烦琐、耗时、成本较高, 不适于大批量样品的快速检测[28]; 另一方面, QuEChERS净化方式简单快速, 可有效去除畜禽产品中的小分子杂质, PSA能够去除提取液中的酸性物质、酚类以及极性色素等成分, C18对许多弱极性杂质有较好的清除作用, 中性氧化铝具有良好的除脂能力, 适量的无水硫酸镁可进一步去除提取液中的水分, 减少水溶性基质组分的干扰[29-30]。因此, 本研究采用QuEChERS净化方式处理样品。
用20%乙腈-水溶液配制质量浓度分别为0、2、5、20、50、100 μg/L的倍他米松和地塞米松混合标准系列工作溶液, 以质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/L), 峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 绘制2种GCs的标准曲线, 得到线性相关系数。倍他米松的回归方程为: Y=2619.5X-707.2, 相关系数为0.9994; 地塞米松的回归方程为: Y=4272.8X+150.3, 相关系数为0.9999, 曲线线性关系良好。
以信噪比为3 (S/N=3)计算检出限(limits of detection, LODs), 信噪比为10 (S/N=10)计算定量限(limits of quantitation, LOQs)。表3展示了在猪肝、鸡肉和鸡蛋3种不同基质样品中, 2种GCs的LOD和LOQ。结果显示, 倍他米松的LODs为4.4~4.8 μg/kg, LOQs为14.6~15.9 μg/kg; 地塞米松的LODs为2.7~3.4 μg/kg, LOQs为8.9~11.2 μg/kg, 满足实验要求。
为了验证实验方案的可行性, 以猪肝、鸡肉、鸡蛋为基质, 开展2种GCs在样品中的加标回收率和精密度实验, 添加含量分别为5、10、50 μg/kg, 平行测定6次, 计算平均加标回收率, 结果见表3
表3可知, 2种GCs的回收率在79.3%~105.8%之间, 表明该分析方法对畜禽产品中倍他米松和地塞米松有较高准确度。RSDs在1.4%~9.4%之间, 表明该方法具有较高的精密度。
采用本方法对10批市售的畜禽产品(包括猪肝、鸡肉、鸡蛋)中的倍他米松和地塞米松进行分析, 结果均为未检出。
本研究采用乙酸乙酯作为提取溶剂, QuEChERS净化方式, 结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪, 建立了畜禽产品中地塞米松和倍他米松的快速检测确证的方法, 该方法提取GCs的回收率较好、精密度较高。同时, 该方法操作简单、高效便捷, 有利于快速测定畜禽产品中的GCs, 在日常监测中对GCs的风险评估具有重要的应用价值, 对畜禽产品中GCs的检测分析提供参考价值。
  • 重庆市级财政项目(KYLX20240500155)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250210001
  • 接收时间:2025-02-10
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10
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重庆市级财政项目(KYLX20240500155)
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    重庆市农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 重庆 401329

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*杨俊英(1971—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全。E mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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