Article(id=1217779722591851117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241218006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734451200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768270911119, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768270911119, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768270911119, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768270911119, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217779722965144195, articleId=1217779722591851117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Rapid determination of 45 kinds of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1217529311867883548, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the rapid determination of 45 kinds of pesticides residues in Vitis vinifera by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The Vitis vinifera samples were first extracted with acetonitrile by vibration and ultra-sonic. Then the mix adsorbents were used in dispersive solid phase extraction to purify the extract. After high speed centrifugation and filtration, the samples were detected by GC-MS/MS using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, and LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results Deltamethrin exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg, while captan showed linearity within the range of 0.2 to 3.0 mg/kg, 28 kinds of pesticides including metalaxyl showed good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.04-1.00 mg/kg, and 15 kinds of pesticides including emamectin benzoate showed good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, with correlation coefficients reached 0.99 or above. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.00020-0.05000 mg/kg, the limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.00050-0.15000 mg/kg. The spiked recoveries at 3 levels of 45 kinds of pesticides were in range of 70.3%-117.0%, the relative standard deviations were in range of 0.01%-14.30%. Conclusion With features such as accuracy and easy operation, this method can be used to fast determination of 45 kinds of pesticides in Vitis vinifera without any special samples pretreatment apparatus, and also satisfies the requirement of pesticide routine analysis.

, correspAuthors=Zi-Yuan DING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Mei SHI, Wei-Wei ZHANG, Jin-Pu WU, Chao-Zheng LV, Man GAO, Yuan-Kun CAI, Cheng-Jing QIAN, Zi-Yuan DING), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217779724668031699, articleId=1217779722591851117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=气相色谱-串联质谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定葡萄中45种农药残留, columnId=1217529312056627244, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)快速检测葡萄中45种农药残留的分析方法。方法 葡萄样品使用乙腈经振荡提取和超声辅助提取后, 上清液用混合吸附填料进行分散固相萃取净化, 高速离心后过滤膜, 分别用GC-MS/MS的选择反应监测(selected reaction monitoring, SRM)模式和LC-MS/MS的多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式进行检测。结果 溴氰菊酯在0.1~1.0 mg/kg、克菌丹在0.2~3.0 mg/kg、甲霜灵等28种农药在0.04~1.00 mg/kg、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等15种农药在0.1~1.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数达到0.99以上。检出限为0.00020~0.05000 mg/kg, 定量限为0.00050~0.15000 mg/kg。45种农药在3个不同加标水平的平均加标回收率为70.3%~117.0%, 相对标准偏差为0.01%~14.30%。结论 本方法无需复杂样品前处理设备即可实现葡萄中45种农药残留的快速检测, 准确性好, 操作简便, 能够很好满足葡萄中多农药残留日常监测分析工作的要求。

, correspAuthors=丁子元, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*丁子元(1984—), 男, 博士, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮食储运与应用技术。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=U+2yDSsaePXpjHoup1UyiA==, magXml=mjmiWXoSPq9YIjn3d+uE5A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lXbe8cUuezF7pKerc/fhtg==, pdfFileSize=1347816, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TNrOYt4nGM/tjNrv8pWKiA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ntletUbVzd/LCvrpC8/Mqw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

史晓梅(1986—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮食质量安全检测技术。E-mail:

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(2023-01-01) [2024-12-18]. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en/, articleTitle=食品中农兽药最大残留限量(MRLs)和风险管理建议(RMRs), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833934109463047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en/, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Codex Alimentarius Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Codex Alimentarius Commission. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) and risk management recommendations (RMRs) for residues of veterinary drugs in foods[EB/OL]. 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The detection and quantification of chlorpyrifos via QuEChERS and head space-SPME methods using GC/MS/MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833945404724024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=207, issue=null, pageStart=112152, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=48, authorNames=LV SJ, LIU SY, ZANG CL, journalName=Microchemical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LV SJ, LIU SY, ZANG CL, et al. Optimized QuEChERS method in determination of multiresidues on high-risk leafy vegetables and monitoring data analysis from 2021 to 2023[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2024, 207: 112152., articleTitle=Optimized QuEChERS method in determination of multiresidues on high-risk leafy vegetables and monitoring data analysis from 2021 to 2023, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833945589273402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=18, pageStart=7272, pageEnd=7280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=49, authorNames=王柄钧, 史晓梅, 张巍巍, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王柄钧, 史晓梅, 张巍巍, 等. QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法快速检测主要原粮与油料中101种农药残留[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2021, 12(18): 7272-7280., articleTitle=QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法快速检测主要原粮与油料中101种农药残留, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833945782211388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=18, pageStart=7272, pageEnd=7280, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=50, authorNames=WANG BJ, SHI XM, ZHANG WW, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG BJ, SHI XM, ZHANG WW, et al. Rapid determination of 101 kinds of pesticide residues in main raw grain and oil by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021, 12(18): 7272-7280., articleTitle=Rapid determination of 101 kinds of pesticide residues in main raw grain and oil by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833945954177857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=16, pageStart=6528, pageEnd=6536, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=51, authorNames=苏漪玲, 吴延灿, 戚传勇, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏漪玲, 吴延灿, 戚传勇, 等. QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄中100 种农药及其代谢物[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2021, 12(16): 6528-6536., articleTitle=QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄中100 种农药及其代谢物, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217833946088395587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=16, pageStart=6528, pageEnd=6536, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=52, authorNames=SU YL, WU YC, QI CY, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU YL, WU YC, QI CY, et al. Determination of 100 kinds of pesticides and their metabolites in grapes by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021, 12(16): 6528-6536., articleTitle=Determination of 100 kinds of pesticides and their metabolites in grapes by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833933249630655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, awardId=2019YFC1604805, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1604805), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833921404916487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833921413305097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, companyId=1217833921404916487, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China), 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country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京市营养健康与食品安全重点实验室, 北京 102209)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833929130823920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Spiked recoveries of pesticides under different extraction solution conditions, figureFileSmall=sBqKxsAL0T7159fNdhKzZA==, figureFileBig=uoSkU9eb1BIPKEI/oUoR4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929239875835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同提取溶液条件下农药加标回收率, figureFileSmall=sBqKxsAL0T7159fNdhKzZA==, figureFileBig=uoSkU9eb1BIPKEI/oUoR4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929369899265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Spiked recoveries of pesticides under different GCB dosage conditions, figureFileSmall=PiFxxmlhP8iONBiH0x8ygA==, figureFileBig=3vZyBlwyKrCmPz43Li/9+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929483145484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同GCB用量条件下农药加标回收率, figureFileSmall=PiFxxmlhP8iONBiH0x8ygA==, figureFileBig=3vZyBlwyKrCmPz43Li/9+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929583808790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Extracted ion chromatograms of pyrimethanil (a), fluopyram (b), imidacloprid (c) and dimethomorph (d) in Vitis vinifera samples, figureFileSmall=Odq6F+yVpdq16eOe94C+aQ==, figureFileBig=7ywHTeggooIf9Lty9HiORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929671889183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=图3, caption=葡萄样品中嘧霉胺(a)、氟吡菌酰胺(b)、吡虫啉(c)、烯酰吗啉(d)提取离子流图, figureFileSmall=Odq6F+yVpdq16eOe94C+aQ==, figureFileBig=7ywHTeggooIf9Lty9HiORQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929785135399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=TIC of 30 kinds of pesticides matrix-match standard solutions by GC-MS/MS (0.5 mg/kg), figureFileSmall=gYFOW8NMiiDK0rJJHoo9Jw==, figureFileBig=+eoNBhMF4j/k3Za+QvzUQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929910964532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GC-MS/MS测定30种农药组分基质匹配标准溶液的TIC (0.5 mg/kg), figureFileSmall=gYFOW8NMiiDK0rJJHoo9Jw==, figureFileBig=+eoNBhMF4j/k3Za+QvzUQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833929999044921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=TIC of 15 kinds of pesticides matrix-match standard solutions by LC-MS/MS (0.5 mg/kg), figureFileSmall=BEfdXyJeNz+iQQ0CliFC+g==, figureFileBig=mPyNh34P6xTcUxggOj9LaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833930091319618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LC-MS/MS测定15种农药组分基质匹配标准溶液的TIC (0.5 mg/kg), figureFileSmall=BEfdXyJeNz+iQQ0CliFC+g==, figureFileBig=mPyNh34P6xTcUxggOj9LaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833930212954443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution conditions for mobile phase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0 90 10
0.5 90 10
2.0 70 30
5.0 20 80
5.5 5 95
7.0 5 95
7.1 90 10
13.0 90 10
), ArticleFig(id=1217833930368143701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0 90 10
0.5 90 10
2.0 70 30
5.0 20 80
5.5 5 95
7.0 5 95
7.1 90 10
13.0 90 10
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931735486817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Retention time and SRM characteristic ions for the determination of 30 kinds of pesticide residues by GC-MS/MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 名称 保留时间/min 定量离子对 碰撞能量/eV 定性离子对 碰撞能量/eV
1 霜霉威 8.36 188.2>173.2 4 188.2>72.0 4
2 嘧霉胺 9.77 198.1>183.1 14 198.1>118.1 28
3 甲霜灵 10.84 249.2>190.1 8 206.1>132.1 20
4 毒死蜱 11.44 196.9>168.9 14 313.9>257.9 14
5 三氯杀螨醇 11.72 139.0>111.0 16 139.0>75.0 28
6 噻虫嗪 11.95 212.0>139.0 12 212.0>125.0 10
内标 环氧七氯 12.21 352.8>262.9 14 354.8>264.9 20
7 克菌丹 12.40 149.0>105.0 6 149.0>70.0 20
8 腐霉利 12.44 283.0>96.0 10 285.0>96.0 10
9 百菌清 12.87 265.8>133.0 36 228.8>168.0 24
10 己唑醇 13.16 214.0>159.0 20 214.0>172.0 20
11 缬霉威1 13.38 158.0>116.0 5 134.0>93.0 15
缬霉威2 13.55
12 腈菌唑 13.42 179.1>125.0 14 179.1>152.0 8
13 氟硅唑 13.62 233.1>165.1 14 233.1>152.1 14
14 烯唑醇 14.04 268.0>232.0 12 270.0>234.0 10
15 肟菌酯 14.65 222.1>190.1 4 222.1>130.1 12
16 戊唑醇 15.08 250.1>125.1 22 125.1>89.0 18
17 氯氟氰菊酯-1 15.25 197.0>161.0 8 197.0>141.0 12
氯氟氰菊酯-2 15.48
18 异菌脲 15.57 314.0>245.0 12 314.0>56.0 22
19 联苯菊酯 15.71 181.1>166.1 12 181.1>179.1 12
20 甲氰菊酯 15.90 181.1>152.1 22 265.1>210.1 12
21 氟丙菊酯 16.66 289.1>93.0 14 289.1>77.0 26
22 氯氟氰菊酯 16.68 181.1>152.1 24 163.1>127.0 14
23 螺螨酯 17.35 312.0>109.0 20 312.0>277.0 6
24 腈苯唑 18.01 198.1>129.1 10 129.1>102.1 18
25 氯氰菊酯-1 18.35 163.1>127.1 6 163.1>91.0 14
氯氰菊酯-2 18.45
氯氰菊酯-3 18.50
氯氰菊酯-4 18.55
26 吡唑醚菌酯 19.33 164.1>132.1 14 164.1>77.0 28
27 苯醚甲环唑 19.68 323.0>265.0 14 265.0>202.0 20
28 溴氰菊酯-1 19.82 180.9>151.9 22 252.9>93.0 20
溴氰菊酯-2 20.07
29 茚虫威 19.83 264.0>176.0 14 264.0>232.0 6
30 嘧菌酯 20.14 344.1>183.1 24 344.1>329.1 16
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931878093163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

GC-MS/MS测定30种农药的保留时间、SRM特征离子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 名称 保留时间/min 定量离子对 碰撞能量/eV 定性离子对 碰撞能量/eV
1 霜霉威 8.36 188.2>173.2 4 188.2>72.0 4
2 嘧霉胺 9.77 198.1>183.1 14 198.1>118.1 28
3 甲霜灵 10.84 249.2>190.1 8 206.1>132.1 20
4 毒死蜱 11.44 196.9>168.9 14 313.9>257.9 14
5 三氯杀螨醇 11.72 139.0>111.0 16 139.0>75.0 28
6 噻虫嗪 11.95 212.0>139.0 12 212.0>125.0 10
内标 环氧七氯 12.21 352.8>262.9 14 354.8>264.9 20
7 克菌丹 12.40 149.0>105.0 6 149.0>70.0 20
8 腐霉利 12.44 283.0>96.0 10 285.0>96.0 10
9 百菌清 12.87 265.8>133.0 36 228.8>168.0 24
10 己唑醇 13.16 214.0>159.0 20 214.0>172.0 20
11 缬霉威1 13.38 158.0>116.0 5 134.0>93.0 15
缬霉威2 13.55
12 腈菌唑 13.42 179.1>125.0 14 179.1>152.0 8
13 氟硅唑 13.62 233.1>165.1 14 233.1>152.1 14
14 烯唑醇 14.04 268.0>232.0 12 270.0>234.0 10
15 肟菌酯 14.65 222.1>190.1 4 222.1>130.1 12
16 戊唑醇 15.08 250.1>125.1 22 125.1>89.0 18
17 氯氟氰菊酯-1 15.25 197.0>161.0 8 197.0>141.0 12
氯氟氰菊酯-2 15.48
18 异菌脲 15.57 314.0>245.0 12 314.0>56.0 22
19 联苯菊酯 15.71 181.1>166.1 12 181.1>179.1 12
20 甲氰菊酯 15.90 181.1>152.1 22 265.1>210.1 12
21 氟丙菊酯 16.66 289.1>93.0 14 289.1>77.0 26
22 氯氟氰菊酯 16.68 181.1>152.1 24 163.1>127.0 14
23 螺螨酯 17.35 312.0>109.0 20 312.0>277.0 6
24 腈苯唑 18.01 198.1>129.1 10 129.1>102.1 18
25 氯氰菊酯-1 18.35 163.1>127.1 6 163.1>91.0 14
氯氰菊酯-2 18.45
氯氰菊酯-3 18.50
氯氰菊酯-4 18.55
26 吡唑醚菌酯 19.33 164.1>132.1 14 164.1>77.0 28
27 苯醚甲环唑 19.68 323.0>265.0 14 265.0>202.0 20
28 溴氰菊酯-1 19.82 180.9>151.9 22 252.9>93.0 20
溴氰菊酯-2 20.07
29 茚虫威 19.83 264.0>176.0 14 264.0>232.0 6
30 嘧菌酯 20.14 344.1>183.1 24 344.1>329.1 16
), ArticleFig(id=1217833931995533683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Retention time and parameters of MS for the determination of 15 kinds of pesticide residues by LC-MS/MS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 名称 电离模式 保留时间/min 母离子 子离子 DP/V CE/V
1 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 ESI+ 4.96 886.6 158.15* 100.00 24.00
886.6 126.30 100.00 28.00
2 唑嘧菌胺 ESI+ 6.43 276.2 149.00* 210.30 47.13
276.2 176.20 203.92 51.84
3 乙基磷酸 ESI- 1.40 108.6 78.90* -27.92 -20.98
108.6 62.90 -28.23 -59.82
4 氟吡菌酰胺 ESI+ 6.55 397.1 173.10 75.00 21.00
397.1 208.10* 75.00 18.00
5 啶菌噁唑 ESI+ 4.53 289.3 120.00* 72.90 28.97
289.3 92.00 76.00 47.66
6 阿维菌素 ESI+ 8.72 890.5 305.20* 90.00 30.00
890.5 567.35 90.00 25.00
7 芸苔素内酯 ESI- 5.99 479.2 128.90* -209.01 -36.06
479.2 331.20 -203.63 -36.29
8 烯酰吗啉 ESI+ 6.14 388.1 301.00* 115.00 29.00
388.1 165.00 115.00 43.00
9 霜脲氰 ESI+ 4.96 199.1 128.10* 50.00 15.00
199.1 111.10 50.00 20.00
10 吡虫啉 ESI+ 4.65 256.1 209.00* 80.00 23.00
256.1 175.00 80.00 26.00
11 亚胺唑 ESI+ 7.46 411.1 125.10 67.00 20.00
411.1 171.00 67.00 18.00
411.1 342.00* 75.00 22.00
12 氰霜唑 ESI+ 6.92 325.0 108.00* 75.00 23.00
325.0 261.00 80.00 17.00
13 氟啶胺 ESI+ 7.69 465.0 372.85* 80.00 17.00
465.0 338.00 78.00 21.00
14 噁二嗪 ESI+ 8.69 161.3 84.10* 81.96 84.00
161.3 69.00 75.05 69.00
15 噁唑菌酮 ESI- 7.04 373.1 282.05 -78.00 -10.00
373.1 77.05 -67.00 -28.00
373.1 328.90* -67.00 -20.00
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932150722939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

LC-MS/MS测定15种农药残留的保留时间和相关MS参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 名称 电离模式 保留时间/min 母离子 子离子 DP/V CE/V
1 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 ESI+ 4.96 886.6 158.15* 100.00 24.00
886.6 126.30 100.00 28.00
2 唑嘧菌胺 ESI+ 6.43 276.2 149.00* 210.30 47.13
276.2 176.20 203.92 51.84
3 乙基磷酸 ESI- 1.40 108.6 78.90* -27.92 -20.98
108.6 62.90 -28.23 -59.82
4 氟吡菌酰胺 ESI+ 6.55 397.1 173.10 75.00 21.00
397.1 208.10* 75.00 18.00
5 啶菌噁唑 ESI+ 4.53 289.3 120.00* 72.90 28.97
289.3 92.00 76.00 47.66
6 阿维菌素 ESI+ 8.72 890.5 305.20* 90.00 30.00
890.5 567.35 90.00 25.00
7 芸苔素内酯 ESI- 5.99 479.2 128.90* -209.01 -36.06
479.2 331.20 -203.63 -36.29
8 烯酰吗啉 ESI+ 6.14 388.1 301.00* 115.00 29.00
388.1 165.00 115.00 43.00
9 霜脲氰 ESI+ 4.96 199.1 128.10* 50.00 15.00
199.1 111.10 50.00 20.00
10 吡虫啉 ESI+ 4.65 256.1 209.00* 80.00 23.00
256.1 175.00 80.00 26.00
11 亚胺唑 ESI+ 7.46 411.1 125.10 67.00 20.00
411.1 171.00 67.00 18.00
411.1 342.00* 75.00 22.00
12 氰霜唑 ESI+ 6.92 325.0 108.00* 75.00 23.00
325.0 261.00 80.00 17.00
13 氟啶胺 ESI+ 7.69 465.0 372.85* 80.00 17.00
465.0 338.00 78.00 21.00
14 噁二嗪 ESI+ 8.69 161.3 84.10* 81.96 84.00
161.3 69.00 75.05 69.00
15 噁唑菌酮 ESI- 7.04 373.1 282.05 -78.00 -10.00
373.1 77.05 -67.00 -28.00
373.1 328.90* -67.00 -20.00
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932297523586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Linear ranges, linear equations, correlation coefficients, LODs and LOQs of 45 kinds of pesticides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 农药名称 线性范围/(mg/kg) 线性方程 相关系数(r2) LODs/(mg/kg) LOQs/(mg/kg)
1 甲霜灵 0.04~1.00 Y=28.71X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
2 毒死蜱 0.04~1.00 Y=20.65X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
3 腐霉利 0.04~1.00 Y=20.89X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
4 腈菌唑 0.04~1.00 Y=71.49X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
5 联苯菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=90.31X 0.9999 0.00330 0.01000
6 戊唑醇 0.04~1.00 Y=47.73X 0.9996 0.00170 0.00500
7 氯氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=9.96X 0.9986 0.03300 0.10000
8 溴氰菊酯 0.10~1.00 Y=1.12X 0.9983 0.01700 0.05000
9 三氯杀螨醇 0.04~1.00 Y=28.89X 0.9915 0.00330 0.01000
10 己唑醇 0.04~1.00 Y=18.81X 0.9989 0.00170 0.00500
11 甲氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=6.17X 0.9998 0.00170 0.00500
12 嘧霉胺 0.04~1.00 Y=69.94X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
13 烯唑醇 0.04~1.00 Y=65.35X 0.9984 0.00170 0.00500
14 氟丙菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=58.14X 0.9983 0.01670 0.05000
15 氯氟氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=4.65X 0.9994 0.00670 0.02000
16 苯醚甲环唑 0.04~1.00 Y=21.90X 0.9982 0.03300 0.10000
17 腈苯唑 0.04~1.00 Y=149.36X 0.9994 0.00670 0.02000
18 噻虫嗪 0.04~1.00 Y=10.98X 0.9972 0.03300 0.10000
19 克菌丹 0.20~3.00 Y=8.56X 0.9963 0.00670 0.02000
20 肟菌酯 0.04~1.00 Y=67.80X 0.9992 0.00670 0.02000
21 异菌脲 0.04~1.00 Y=1.00X 0.9984 0.00670 0.02000
22 螺螨酯 0.04~1.00 Y=2.14X 0.9997 0.01700 0.05000
23 霜霉威 0.04~1.00 Y=10.01X 0.9997 0.00330 0.01000
24 缬霉威 0.04~1.00 Y=9.69X 0.9980 0.01700 0.05000
25 茚虫威 0.04~1.00 Y=5.42X 0.9984 0.03300 0.10000
26 嘧菌酯 0.04~1.00 Y=3.04X 0.9965 0.00330 0.01000
27 吡唑醚菌酯 0.04~1.00 Y=2.16X 0.9971 0.05000 0.15000
28 氟硅唑 0.04~1.00 Y=4.71X 0.9991 0.00170 0.00500
29 氯氟氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=8.54X 0.9999 0.01700 0.05000
30 百菌清 0.04~1.00 Y=17.12X 0.9965 0.00170 0.00500
31 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 0.10~1.00 Y=4.22e4X 0.9968 0.00030 0.00100
32 唑嘧菌胺 0.10~1.00 Y=4.02e5X 0.9923 0.00020 0.00050
33 乙基磷酸 0.10~1.00 Y=4622.74X 0.9929 0.00670 0.02000
34 氟吡菌酰胺 0.10~1.00 Y=1.64e5X 0.9978 0.00020 0.00050
35 啶菌噁唑 0.10~1.00 Y=6.19e4X 0.9983 0.00030 0.00100
36 阿维菌素 0.10~1.00 Y=733.52X 0.9991 0.00330 0.01000
37 芸苔素内酯 0.10~1.00 Y=55.69X 0.9955 0.01700 0.05000
38 烯酰吗啉 0.10~1.00 Y=6.32e5X 0.9913 0.00020 0.00050
39 霜脲氰 0.10~1.00 Y = 5.98e4 X 0.9991 0.00030 0.00100
40 吡虫啉 0.10~1.00 Y=1.01e5X 0.9931 0.00030 0.00100
41 亚胺唑 0.10~1.00 Y=14680.18X 0.9959 0.00030 0.00100
42 氰霜唑 0.10~1.00 Y=1.17e5X 0.9974 0.00030 0.00100
43 氟啶胺 0.10~1.00 Y=274.54X 0.9979 0.00670 0.02000
44 噁二嗪 0.10~1.00 Y=587.96X 0.9986 0.01300 0.04000
45 噁唑菌酮 0.10~1.00 Y=677.75X 0.9956 0.00330 0.01000
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932423352711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

45种农药的线性范围、线性方程、相关系数、LODs和LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 农药名称 线性范围/(mg/kg) 线性方程 相关系数(r2) LODs/(mg/kg) LOQs/(mg/kg)
1 甲霜灵 0.04~1.00 Y=28.71X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
2 毒死蜱 0.04~1.00 Y=20.65X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
3 腐霉利 0.04~1.00 Y=20.89X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
4 腈菌唑 0.04~1.00 Y=71.49X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
5 联苯菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=90.31X 0.9999 0.00330 0.01000
6 戊唑醇 0.04~1.00 Y=47.73X 0.9996 0.00170 0.00500
7 氯氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=9.96X 0.9986 0.03300 0.10000
8 溴氰菊酯 0.10~1.00 Y=1.12X 0.9983 0.01700 0.05000
9 三氯杀螨醇 0.04~1.00 Y=28.89X 0.9915 0.00330 0.01000
10 己唑醇 0.04~1.00 Y=18.81X 0.9989 0.00170 0.00500
11 甲氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=6.17X 0.9998 0.00170 0.00500
12 嘧霉胺 0.04~1.00 Y=69.94X 0.9999 0.00170 0.00500
13 烯唑醇 0.04~1.00 Y=65.35X 0.9984 0.00170 0.00500
14 氟丙菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=58.14X 0.9983 0.01670 0.05000
15 氯氟氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=4.65X 0.9994 0.00670 0.02000
16 苯醚甲环唑 0.04~1.00 Y=21.90X 0.9982 0.03300 0.10000
17 腈苯唑 0.04~1.00 Y=149.36X 0.9994 0.00670 0.02000
18 噻虫嗪 0.04~1.00 Y=10.98X 0.9972 0.03300 0.10000
19 克菌丹 0.20~3.00 Y=8.56X 0.9963 0.00670 0.02000
20 肟菌酯 0.04~1.00 Y=67.80X 0.9992 0.00670 0.02000
21 异菌脲 0.04~1.00 Y=1.00X 0.9984 0.00670 0.02000
22 螺螨酯 0.04~1.00 Y=2.14X 0.9997 0.01700 0.05000
23 霜霉威 0.04~1.00 Y=10.01X 0.9997 0.00330 0.01000
24 缬霉威 0.04~1.00 Y=9.69X 0.9980 0.01700 0.05000
25 茚虫威 0.04~1.00 Y=5.42X 0.9984 0.03300 0.10000
26 嘧菌酯 0.04~1.00 Y=3.04X 0.9965 0.00330 0.01000
27 吡唑醚菌酯 0.04~1.00 Y=2.16X 0.9971 0.05000 0.15000
28 氟硅唑 0.04~1.00 Y=4.71X 0.9991 0.00170 0.00500
29 氯氟氰菊酯 0.04~1.00 Y=8.54X 0.9999 0.01700 0.05000
30 百菌清 0.04~1.00 Y=17.12X 0.9965 0.00170 0.00500
31 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 0.10~1.00 Y=4.22e4X 0.9968 0.00030 0.00100
32 唑嘧菌胺 0.10~1.00 Y=4.02e5X 0.9923 0.00020 0.00050
33 乙基磷酸 0.10~1.00 Y=4622.74X 0.9929 0.00670 0.02000
34 氟吡菌酰胺 0.10~1.00 Y=1.64e5X 0.9978 0.00020 0.00050
35 啶菌噁唑 0.10~1.00 Y=6.19e4X 0.9983 0.00030 0.00100
36 阿维菌素 0.10~1.00 Y=733.52X 0.9991 0.00330 0.01000
37 芸苔素内酯 0.10~1.00 Y=55.69X 0.9955 0.01700 0.05000
38 烯酰吗啉 0.10~1.00 Y=6.32e5X 0.9913 0.00020 0.00050
39 霜脲氰 0.10~1.00 Y = 5.98e4 X 0.9991 0.00030 0.00100
40 吡虫啉 0.10~1.00 Y=1.01e5X 0.9931 0.00030 0.00100
41 亚胺唑 0.10~1.00 Y=14680.18X 0.9959 0.00030 0.00100
42 氰霜唑 0.10~1.00 Y=1.17e5X 0.9974 0.00030 0.00100
43 氟啶胺 0.10~1.00 Y=274.54X 0.9979 0.00670 0.02000
44 噁二嗪 0.10~1.00 Y=587.96X 0.9986 0.01300 0.04000
45 噁唑菌酮 0.10~1.00 Y=677.75X 0.9956 0.00330 0.01000
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932595319187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779722591851117, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Average recoveries and RSDs of 45 kinds of pesticide addition experiments (n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 0.05 mg/kg 0.10 mg/kg 0.50 mg/kg
平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
甲霜灵 70.4 3.3 85.7 4.70 90.4 0.70
毒死蜱 109.7 6.2 85.8 0.01 86.4 2.80
腐霉利 84.0 4.8 81.7 3.70 85.4 4.80
腈菌唑 87.9 8.8 76.0 8.40 88.3 9.70
联苯菊酯 112.9 7.9 82.6 4.90 102.8 6.00
戊唑醇 102.0 2.8 95.1 7.60 109.4 4.90
氯氰菊酯 106.2 11.6 80.1 0.10 82.6 12.90
溴氰菊酯 110.3 2.9 104.8 1.90 82.0 10.10
三氯杀螨醇 110.5 5.4 107.5 11.80 83.5 7.60
己唑醇 107.5 1.6 107.4 6.50 107.9 4.30
甲氰菊酯 93.9 4.70 107.3 1.20 102.4 7.90
嘧霉胺 108.2 12.20 79.8 7.90 105.5 1.50
烯唑醇 104.6 5.00 104.4 14.30 102.9 4.00
氟丙菊酯 108.0 3.40 112.8 3.30 103.1 2.00
氯氟氰菊酯 117.0 1.60 108.3 3.40 79.7 3.90
苯醚甲环唑 109.2 2.40 88.4 3.60 106.7 1.40
腈苯唑 113.1 2.50 107.5 5.00 113.2 4.50
噻虫嗪 111.1 2.80 112.3 0.70 105.7 5.40
克菌丹 109.6 1.40 103.5 1.30 111.5 0.02
肟菌酯 110.2 2.40 108.9 10.60 107.8 7.60
异菌脲 107.6 4.80 96.8 4.50 114.5 6.30
螺螨酯 103.0 8.20 96.5 3.60 110.4 2.20
霜霉威 110.9 7.70 85.1 9.60 109.0 2.80
缬霉威 108.9 4.60 107.4 5.40 100.6 5.40
茚虫威 97.8 4.70 85.9 0.70 111.7 6.40
嘧菌酯 77.5 8.20 74.4 10.80 114.3 3.60
吡唑醚菌酯 105.4 1.60 85.7 2.20 101.7 4.80
氟硅唑 114.0 3.00 73.3 10.30 103.1 3.00
氯氟氰菊酯 115.1 2.40 96.3 2.40 92.9 10.00
百菌清 114.6 6.60 75.7 11.80 107.2 1.60
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 111.7 0.01 113.3 3.20 94.8 3.50
唑嘧菌胺 114.0 6.20 82.9 1.10 111.1 5.10
乙基磷酸 109.0 4.70 106.3 11.80 98.4 0.30
氟吡菌酰胺 107.5 1.20 85.8 1.30 103.3 0.80
啶菌噁唑 105.8 4.60 93.9 10.20 100.2 5.50
阿维菌素 105.4 9.60 70.3 9.30 101.6 1.70
芸苔素内酯 94.3 6.60 87.7 3.80 103.8 5.40
烯酰吗啉 104.2 4.50 87.0 2.20 100.9 6.80
霜脲氰 105.7 5.30 84.0 5.80 108.7 4.30
吡虫啉 115.2 2.00 108.5 13.80 105.6 2.90
亚胺唑 113.3 3.40 83.1 4.60 103.6 5.80
氰霜唑 109.6 4.90 76.5 9.80 100.1 4.60
氟啶胺 114.0 0.60 105.6 6.20 109.6 10.30
噁二嗪 103.4 5.00 81.2 5.90 110.1 5.10
噁唑菌酮 113.3 6.00 86.0 1.00 77.0 3.80
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45种农药添加实验的平均回收率和RSDs (n=5)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 0.05 mg/kg 0.10 mg/kg 0.50 mg/kg
平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/% 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
甲霜灵 70.4 3.3 85.7 4.70 90.4 0.70
毒死蜱 109.7 6.2 85.8 0.01 86.4 2.80
腐霉利 84.0 4.8 81.7 3.70 85.4 4.80
腈菌唑 87.9 8.8 76.0 8.40 88.3 9.70
联苯菊酯 112.9 7.9 82.6 4.90 102.8 6.00
戊唑醇 102.0 2.8 95.1 7.60 109.4 4.90
氯氰菊酯 106.2 11.6 80.1 0.10 82.6 12.90
溴氰菊酯 110.3 2.9 104.8 1.90 82.0 10.10
三氯杀螨醇 110.5 5.4 107.5 11.80 83.5 7.60
己唑醇 107.5 1.6 107.4 6.50 107.9 4.30
甲氰菊酯 93.9 4.70 107.3 1.20 102.4 7.90
嘧霉胺 108.2 12.20 79.8 7.90 105.5 1.50
烯唑醇 104.6 5.00 104.4 14.30 102.9 4.00
氟丙菊酯 108.0 3.40 112.8 3.30 103.1 2.00
氯氟氰菊酯 117.0 1.60 108.3 3.40 79.7 3.90
苯醚甲环唑 109.2 2.40 88.4 3.60 106.7 1.40
腈苯唑 113.1 2.50 107.5 5.00 113.2 4.50
噻虫嗪 111.1 2.80 112.3 0.70 105.7 5.40
克菌丹 109.6 1.40 103.5 1.30 111.5 0.02
肟菌酯 110.2 2.40 108.9 10.60 107.8 7.60
异菌脲 107.6 4.80 96.8 4.50 114.5 6.30
螺螨酯 103.0 8.20 96.5 3.60 110.4 2.20
霜霉威 110.9 7.70 85.1 9.60 109.0 2.80
缬霉威 108.9 4.60 107.4 5.40 100.6 5.40
茚虫威 97.8 4.70 85.9 0.70 111.7 6.40
嘧菌酯 77.5 8.20 74.4 10.80 114.3 3.60
吡唑醚菌酯 105.4 1.60 85.7 2.20 101.7 4.80
氟硅唑 114.0 3.00 73.3 10.30 103.1 3.00
氯氟氰菊酯 115.1 2.40 96.3 2.40 92.9 10.00
百菌清 114.6 6.60 75.7 11.80 107.2 1.60
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 111.7 0.01 113.3 3.20 94.8 3.50
唑嘧菌胺 114.0 6.20 82.9 1.10 111.1 5.10
乙基磷酸 109.0 4.70 106.3 11.80 98.4 0.30
氟吡菌酰胺 107.5 1.20 85.8 1.30 103.3 0.80
啶菌噁唑 105.8 4.60 93.9 10.20 100.2 5.50
阿维菌素 105.4 9.60 70.3 9.30 101.6 1.70
芸苔素内酯 94.3 6.60 87.7 3.80 103.8 5.40
烯酰吗啉 104.2 4.50 87.0 2.20 100.9 6.80
霜脲氰 105.7 5.30 84.0 5.80 108.7 4.30
吡虫啉 115.2 2.00 108.5 13.80 105.6 2.90
亚胺唑 113.3 3.40 83.1 4.60 103.6 5.80
氰霜唑 109.6 4.90 76.5 9.80 100.1 4.60
氟啶胺 114.0 0.60 105.6 6.20 109.6 10.30
噁二嗪 103.4 5.00 81.2 5.90 110.1 5.10
噁唑菌酮 113.3 6.00 86.0 1.00 77.0 3.80
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Detection results of real Vitis vinifera samples (mg/kg)

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农药名称 葡萄批次 MRL
1 2 3 4 G5
嘧霉胺 0.010 ND ND ND 0.3600 4.0
氟吡菌酰胺 ND 0.0066 ND ND ND 2.0*
吡虫啉 ND ND 0.0026 ND ND 1.0
烯酰吗啉 ND ND ND 0.0011 ND 5.0
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实际葡萄样品检测结果(mg/kg)

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农药名称 葡萄批次 MRL
1 2 3 4 G5
嘧霉胺 0.010 ND ND ND 0.3600 4.0
氟吡菌酰胺 ND 0.0066 ND ND ND 2.0*
吡虫啉 ND ND 0.0026 ND ND 1.0
烯酰吗啉 ND ND ND 0.0011 ND 5.0
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气相色谱-串联质谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定葡萄中45种农药残留
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史晓梅 1, 2 , 张巍巍 1, 2 , 武进普 1, 2 , 吕朝政 1, 2 , 高曼 1, 2 , 蔡沅锟 1, 2 , 钱承敬 1, 2 , 丁子元 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(12): 77-87
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(12): 77-87
气相色谱-串联质谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定葡萄中45种农药残留
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史晓梅1, 2 , 张巍巍1, 2, 武进普1, 2, 吕朝政1, 2, 高曼1, 2, 蔡沅锟1, 2, 钱承敬1, 2, 丁子元1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 中粮营养健康研究院, 北京 102209
  • 2 北京市营养健康与食品安全重点实验室, 北京 102209
  • 史晓梅(1986—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮食质量安全检测技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*丁子元(1984—), 男, 博士, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮食储运与应用技术。E-mail:
Rapid determination of 45 kinds of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Xiao-Mei SHI1, 2 , Wei-Wei ZHANG1, 2, Jin-Pu WU1, 2, Chao-Zheng LV1, 2, Man GAO1, 2, Yuan-Kun CAI1, 2, Cheng-Jing QIAN1, 2, Zi-Yuan DING1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
  • 2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Beijing 102209, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241218006
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目的 建立气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)快速检测葡萄中45种农药残留的分析方法。方法 葡萄样品使用乙腈经振荡提取和超声辅助提取后, 上清液用混合吸附填料进行分散固相萃取净化, 高速离心后过滤膜, 分别用GC-MS/MS的选择反应监测(selected reaction monitoring, SRM)模式和LC-MS/MS的多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式进行检测。结果 溴氰菊酯在0.1~1.0 mg/kg、克菌丹在0.2~3.0 mg/kg、甲霜灵等28种农药在0.04~1.00 mg/kg、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等15种农药在0.1~1.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数达到0.99以上。检出限为0.00020~0.05000 mg/kg, 定量限为0.00050~0.15000 mg/kg。45种农药在3个不同加标水平的平均加标回收率为70.3%~117.0%, 相对标准偏差为0.01%~14.30%。结论 本方法无需复杂样品前处理设备即可实现葡萄中45种农药残留的快速检测, 准确性好, 操作简便, 能够很好满足葡萄中多农药残留日常监测分析工作的要求。

多农药残留  /  QuEChERS  /  气相色谱-串联质谱法  /  液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  葡萄  /  快速测定

Objective To establish a method for the rapid determination of 45 kinds of pesticides residues in Vitis vinifera by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The Vitis vinifera samples were first extracted with acetonitrile by vibration and ultra-sonic. Then the mix adsorbents were used in dispersive solid phase extraction to purify the extract. After high speed centrifugation and filtration, the samples were detected by GC-MS/MS using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, and LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results Deltamethrin exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg, while captan showed linearity within the range of 0.2 to 3.0 mg/kg, 28 kinds of pesticides including metalaxyl showed good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.04-1.00 mg/kg, and 15 kinds of pesticides including emamectin benzoate showed good linear relationships within the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, with correlation coefficients reached 0.99 or above. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.00020-0.05000 mg/kg, the limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.00050-0.15000 mg/kg. The spiked recoveries at 3 levels of 45 kinds of pesticides were in range of 70.3%-117.0%, the relative standard deviations were in range of 0.01%-14.30%. Conclusion With features such as accuracy and easy operation, this method can be used to fast determination of 45 kinds of pesticides in Vitis vinifera without any special samples pretreatment apparatus, and also satisfies the requirement of pesticide routine analysis.

multiple pesticide residues  /  QuEChERS  /  gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  Vitis vinifera  /  rapid determination
史晓梅, 张巍巍, 武进普, 吕朝政, 高曼, 蔡沅锟, 钱承敬, 丁子元. 气相色谱-串联质谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定葡萄中45种农药残留. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241218006
Xiao-Mei SHI, Wei-Wei ZHANG, Jin-Pu WU, Chao-Zheng LV, Man GAO, Yuan-Kun CAI, Cheng-Jing QIAN, Zi-Yuan DING. Rapid determination of 45 kinds of pesticide residues in Vitis vinifera by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241218006
葡萄(Vitis vinifera)是一种重要的鲜食和加工用水果, 富含可溶性糖、酸、维生素、类黄酮、多酚等营养物质和抗氧化物质, 具有改善心脑血管循环、提高抵抗力等重要功能作用, 深受广大消费者喜爱[1]。在葡萄种植过程中, 农药的施用是为了提高产量和保证质量, 然而农药的滥用误用会造成环境的污染, 同时也会威胁到人类的身体健康[2]。为了保障葡萄产品质量安全, 我国制定了严格的农药残留限量标准, 即GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》。欧盟、国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC)、日本、美国等国家或组织也均对葡萄中的农药残留设定了严格的最大残留限量(maximum residue limits, MRLs)[3-4]。王俊玲等[5]曾报道67批次葡萄样品中腐霉利检出率可达86.57%, 农药残留超标率为1.49%; 张仙等[6]曾报道124个葡萄样品的农药残留检出率为46.8%, 氯氟氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯的超标率分别为3.2%和0.8%。因此, 建立快速准确的葡萄中多农药残留检测方法具有重要意义, 能够为保障我国葡萄安全生产和进口葡萄的质量安全提供依据。
葡萄中农药残留含量属于痕量范围, 葡萄基质特别复杂, 干扰较为严重[7-8]。农药残留分析的主流方法是气相色谱法(gas chromatography, GC), 由于气相色谱法受到基质干扰的影响较大, 因而检测结果经常会出现假阳性问题[9]。近年来, 随着质谱技术的发展与进步, 气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)可以将色谱出色的定量功能和质谱优异的定性功能相结合, 能够有效解决葡萄检测中的假阳性问题[10-13]。葡萄中农药残留检测前处理方法包括固相萃取[14-15]、基质固相分散[16-18]、分散固相萃取[19-20]、固相微萃取[21]、超临界流体色谱[22]等。固相萃取法等需要预处理、上样、洗脱等多个步骤, 消耗溶剂较多, 成本较高; 超临界流体色谱法则需要较为昂贵的仪器设备。2003年美国农业部的研究人员开发出一种具有快速(quick)、简单(easy)、经济(cheap)、高效(effective)、可靠(rugged)和安全(safe)等优点的分散固相萃取法, 即QuEChERS方法[23-27], 它利用在提取液中充分涡旋的分散吸附填料, 去除待测样品基质中色素、糖类、有机酸等干扰物[28-32], 从而实现复杂样品中多农药残留快速、高效、准确的测定[33-37]
本研究将超声提取技术与QuEChERS方法相结合, 建立GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS技术快速检测葡萄中45种农药化合物, 以期广泛应用于葡萄的农药残留分析中, 能够满足实验室日常检测需求。
葡萄样品购自当地市场。
农药标准品和内标化合物环氧七氯(纯度均大于95%, 德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer GmbH公司); 乙腈、正己烷、丙酮(色谱纯, 美国Fisher试剂公司); 无水硫酸镁、无水氯化钠、无水乙酸钠、乙酸(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); C18、石墨化碳(graphitized carbon black, GCB)、伯仲胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)(粒径55 μm, 天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司)。
TQ8030气相色谱-串联质谱仪(日本岛津公司); AB Secix 5500液相色谱-串联质谱仪(上海SCIEX分析仪器贸易有限公司); TG 16-II台式高速离心机(长沙平凡仪器仪表有限公司); BSA 224S-CW电子天平(感量0.1 mg, 德国赛多利斯公司); SB-3200 DTDN超声波清洗机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); HGC-24A氮吹仪(天津恒奥科技发展有限公司); QL-902旋涡混合器(海门其林贝尔仪器制造有限公司); DB-5 MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)(美国安捷伦公司); Capcell Pak C18柱(2.0 mm×100 mm, 3.0 μm)(日本资生堂Shiseido公司)。
试样制备: 取代表性葡萄样品, 经缩分后, 将其切碎, 充分混匀放入食品加工器粉碎, 均匀分散, 制成待测样, 备用。
提取: 称取试样10 g(精确至0.01 g)于50 mL离心管中, 加入20 mL乙腈, 同时加入1 g(精确至0.01 g)乙酸钠和4 g(精确至0.01 g)氯化钠, 用手摇动0.5 min。将离心管在超声波发生器中超声提取20 min。提取过程中, 超声波发生器中需放入冰袋, 防止水温上升。超声结束后, 将6 g(精确至0.01 g)无水硫酸镁加入50 mL离心管中, 快速剧烈振摇, 防止无水硫酸镁结块, 大约需3 min。将离心管放入离心机中, 在8000 r/min离心5 min。取上清液5 mL, 待净化。
净化: 于预称量好的10 mL净化管(含有25 mg GCB、125 mg PSA和500 mg无水硫酸镁)中加入上述5 mL提取液, 拧紧盖子, 剧烈振荡3 min, 使净化剂在溶液中均匀充分的运动。将离心管放入离心机中, 在8000 r/min离心5 min, 然后使用0.22 μm滤膜过滤上清液待用。
定容: 往样品瓶中加入质量浓度为35 mg/L的环氧七氯标准溶液40 µL, 加入960 µL上述净化上清液, 混匀, 待GC-MS/MS分析。
另将上述净化上清液直接装样品瓶中, 进行LC-MS/MS分析。
色谱柱: DB-5 MS (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); 程序升温条件: 50 ℃保持1 min, 以25 ℃/min升至125 ℃, 10 ℃/min升至300 ℃; 后运行温度300 ℃, 后运行时间10 min; 总运行时间31.5 min; 载气: 高纯氦气, 纯度≥99.999%, 恒流模式, 流速为1.0 mL/min; 进样口温度: 280 ℃; 进样方式: 不分流进样; 进样量: 1.0 μL; 质谱检测器: 接口温度280 ℃, 离子源温度230 ℃, 质谱电离方式为电子轰击电离源(electron ionization, EI), 电离能量为70 eV, 碰撞气为高纯氩气, 扫描模式为选择反应监测(selected reaction monitoring, SRM)模式。
色谱条件: 色谱柱Capcell Pak C18柱(2.0 mm×100 mm, 3.0 μm); 柱温30 ℃; 进样体积10 μL。流动相A为含0.1%甲酸水溶液, 流动相B为乙腈, 梯度洗脱程序见表1, 流速为0.2 mL/min。
质谱条件: 采用电喷雾离子源(electron spray ionization, ESI), ESI正离子模式, 毛细管电压: 5.0 kV; ESI源温度: 500 ℃; 雾化气压力(GS1): 60 Psi; 加热辅助气压力(GS2): 60 Psi; 帘气压力(curtain gas, CUR): 20 Psi; 碰撞气压力: Medium; 碰撞室入口电压(entrance potential, EP): 10 V; 碰撞室出口电压(collision cell exit potential, CXP): 13 V; 驻留时间: 100 ms。
ESI负离子模式, 毛细管电压: -4.5 kV; 离子源温度: 500 ℃; 雾化气压力(GS1): 60 Psi; 加热辅助气压力(GS2): 60 Psi; CUR: 20 Psi; 碰撞气压力: Medium; EP: -10 V; CXP: -13 V; 驻留时间: 100 ms。扫描方式: 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式。
前处理过程中平行样品测定3次, 方法学验证采用5次重复验证实验。应用TQ8030和AB Secix 5500自带软件工作站及Office Excel 2019进行数据处理和谱图处理。
在进行GC-MS/MS条件优化时, 不同种类的目标化合物经气相色谱柱分离、离子源电离后进入质谱检测器, 首先通过全扫描模式选择特征母离子, 再通过子离子扫描模式选择响应较高的子离子, 这些离子不能与样品基质中干扰物电离产生的离子相同。采用SRM模式, 每个农药化合物选择1对定量离子, 1对定性离子, 30种农药化合物的质谱参数优化结果见表2。通过使用SRM方式可以准确定性气相色谱上不容易分离的农药化合物, 并有效降低葡萄样品基质对于农药化合物的干扰。
本研究依据15种农药化合物的分子结构特征, 采用针泵进样模式优化农药化合物的LC-MS/MS条件, 分别选择在正模式和负模式下进行全扫描确定母离子条件。通过全扫描模式获得的结果包括乙基磷酸、芸苔素内酯和噁唑菌酮很容易产生稳定的[M-H]-分子离子, 以上3种农药化合物采用负离子模式, 其他12种农药化合物采用正离子模式。在产物离子(product ion, PI)扫描模式下, 通过改变碰撞电压(collision energy, CE), 确定每种农药化合物的特征碎片离子, 最后优化MRM模式的其他参数, 包括去簇电压(declustering potential, DP)、EP和CXP等, 以获得更高的灵敏度, 最终优化的结果见表3
由于目标农药化合物的物化性质差异很大, 需要建立通用性高的样品前处理技术。QuEChERS是本研究中农药残留快速筛查的首选方法。实验过程利用超声波辅助提取增强溶剂提取效率和重复性, 减少人为因素干扰。利用氯化钠和乙酸钠的盐析作用提高农药萃取效率, 利用无水硫酸镁脱除提取溶液中的水分[38]。现在QuEChERS技术已经得到非常成熟的使用和改进, 文献报道乙腈溶剂中加一点酸能够提高有些农药的提取效率[39], 因此本研究中比较了乙腈和加酸乙腈(1.0%甲酸乙腈)的提取效果(图1), 结果显示大部分农药使用乙腈提取时比使用1.0%甲酸乙腈提取效果更好, 说明对于葡萄基质来说乙腈作为提取溶液更适合。
QuEChERS技术中常规使用的净化剂填料包括GCB和PSA, 对于葡萄这种色素和糖分含量都很高的样品, GCB和PSA可以起到较好的净化效果。在净化步骤, 使用GCB和PSA混合吸附填料的协同作用, 能够有效去除葡萄基质中的干扰物质, 如糖、长链脂类和类胡萝卜素等干扰物质。GCB会造成某些平面结构农药的吸附, 因而回收率无法达到要求。通过优化GCB用量发现(图2), 百菌清、嘧菌酯、噁唑菌酮和联苯菊酯的加标回收率总体上随着GCB用量增加而降低。当GCB用量为25 mg/mL时, 百菌清和嘧菌酯的加标回收率仅有29.6%和57.6%。因此净化步骤采用5 mg/mL的GCB用量净化处理样品提取溶液, 既能有效去除葡萄基质中色素类干扰, 再加上PSA的同时使用保证45种农药加标回收率在合理范围之内。通过使用以上净化填料条件, 葡萄基质得到充分净化, 嘧霉胺、氟吡菌酰胺、吡虫啉、烯酰吗啉农药化合物的提取离子流图中基线干扰较小, 详见图3
在1.3.1和1.3.2的条件下, GC-MS/MS测定30种农药化合物总离子流图(total ion chromatogram, TIC)见图4, LC-MS/MS测定15种农药化合物TIC图见图5。空白样品是指经检测不含本研究测定45种农药化合物的葡萄样品, 用空白样品制备样品空白提取液, 作为基质匹配标准溶液的稀释液。将混合标准储备液逐级稀释为不同浓度的基质匹配混合标准溶液进行测定, GC-MS/MS测定时以30种农药的质量浓度对相应的定量离子对峰面积与内标环氧七氯B定量离子对峰面积之比绘制标准曲线, 求得线性方程及相关系数。LC-MS/MS测定时以15种农药的质量浓度对相应的定量离子对峰面积求得线性方程及相关系数。以10倍信噪比计算方法的定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ), 以3倍信噪比计算方法的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)详见表4。在相应的线性范围内, 45种农药的线性关系良好, 相关系数(r2)均大于0.99。方法检测灵敏度好, 45种农药的LOQs均小于国家标准限量规定。
称取10 g经粉碎混匀的葡萄样品, 添加混合标准溶液使样品的添加浓度分别为0.05、0.10、0.50 mg/kg, 按1.3的实验方法进行分析, 各添加水平下的平均回收率为70.3%~117.0%、相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)为0.01%~14.30%, 具体见表5。在低、中、高3水平添加实验中, 回收率能够满足国家标准要求, 而且RSDs均小于15%, 说明该方法的准确度和重复性能够满足实际检测需求。
利用本研究所开发的检测方法, 对市场上销售的5批次葡萄样品进行上述45种农药的筛查检测, 结果见表6。实验结果表明, 这5批次葡萄样品中检出嘧霉胺、氟吡菌酰胺、吡虫啉和烯酰吗啉, 但检出值远低于GB 2763—2021中对葡萄中农药最大残留限量的规定, 其中嘧霉胺的MRL为4.0 mg/kg, 氟吡菌酰胺的MRL为2.0 mg/kg, 吡虫啉的MRL为1.0 mg/kg, 烯酰吗啉的MRL为5.0 mg/kg。这4种农药的检出频率较高, 应当引起相关企业和监管部门的重视, 避免葡萄样品中农药残留的污染超标现象。
本研究建立了QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS快速检测葡萄中45种农药残留的分析方法, 该方法在0.05、0.10、0.50 mg/kg的添加水平下, 45种农药的加标回收率在70.3%~117.0%之间, RSDs (n=5)小于15%, 45种农药的LOQs为0.00050~0.15000 mg/kg, LODs为0.00020~ 0.05000 mg/kg。本方法操作简便快速, 准确性好, 无需特殊的前处理装置, 成本低廉, 适合于葡萄农药残留的日常检测。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1604805)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241218006
  • 接收时间:2024-12-18
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-18
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国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1604805)
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    1 中粮营养健康研究院, 北京 102209
    2 北京市营养健康与食品安全重点实验室, 北京 102209

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*丁子元(1984—), 男, 博士, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为粮食储运与应用技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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