Article(id=1217779720322732583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768270910578, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768270910578, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768270910578, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768270910578, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217779717386715826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768270909877, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768299620707, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217900139386163209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217779717386715826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=50, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217779720687637035, articleId=1217779720322732583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Screening and quantitative determination of novel nafil derivative propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in foods, columnId=1217779718456263351, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: “The 14th Five-Year Plan” National Key Research and Development Program of China—Key Technology Research and Standardized Application for Panoramic Analysis of Food Authenticity, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study and screen the novel vardenafil derivative in food, and establish a quantitative method. Methods A compound with similar structure to vardenafil was detected in food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry. The molecular structure and fragmentation law of the vardenafil structure analogue were inferred from the fragment ions of high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compound name was clarity compared with the custom-synthesized reference substance. Quantitative analysis was carried out in a multiple reaction monitoring by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with the external standard method. Results The novel vardenafil derivative in food was identified as propoxyphenyl hydroxy-vardenafil. The results showed that good linearity was observed for propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil within the concentration range of 2-50 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.03 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 0.10 mg/kg. The average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD) of coffee, confectionery, jelly and plant-based drinks were 87.6%-102.6% and 0.5%-6.3% respectively. The reproducibility and stability of the method were good (RSD<5%). The method was applied to measure the real samples, and 34 batches of positive samples were found with the content range of 1.60×103-2.62×104 mg/kg. -Conclusion This method is fast, accurate and high sensitivity, can be used for screening and quantitative determination of the derivative propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in food, and can provide technical support for the supervision of the illegal addition of vardenafil derivatives.

, correspAuthors=Wen-Ping GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Juan-Qiang WANG, Wei-Heng KONG, Hui-Chen LI, Yu-Xin DONG, Chao GUO, Wen-Tao ZHAO, Wen-Ping GUO, Ying-Ying ZHANG, Rui JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217779721832682062, articleId=1217779720322732583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=食品中新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的筛查和定量测定, columnId=1217779718691144379, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:“十四五”国家重点研发计划——食品真实性全景分析关键技术研究与标准化应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 对在食品中发现的一种新型伐地那非衍生物进行筛查, 并建立定量测定方法。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法在食品中发现一种与伐地那非结构类似的化合物。通过高分辨质谱碎片离子推测该伐地那非结构类似物的分子结构及裂解规律, 与定制合成的对照品比较, 确定物质名称。采用高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法的多反应监测模式进行扫描, 外标法定量测定。结果 在食品中筛查出新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非, 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非在2~50 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好, 检出限为0.03 mg/kg, 定量限为0.10 mg/kg, 在咖啡、压片糖果、果冻及植物饮料基质中3个加标水平下的平均回收率为87.6%~102.6%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.5%~6.3%, 方法重现性和稳定性良好, RSD<5%。采用该方法对实际样品进行测定, 发现34个阳性样品, 含量范围为1.60×103~2.62×104 mg/kg。结论 该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点, 可用于食品中那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的筛查和定量测定, 为打击非法添加伐地那非衍生物的监管提供技术支持。

, correspAuthors=郭文萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郭文萍(1970—), 女, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全。E-mail:
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王娟强(1992—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与检测。E-mail:

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Food Chemistry, 2018, 256: 358-366., articleTitle=Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic zeolitic imazolate framework-8 coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of polymer additives in drinks and foods packed with plastic, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217833933530644608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, awardId=2023YFF1104700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217833933685833869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, awardId=2023HK141, language=CN, fundingSource=国产质谱类设备海关验证评价技术和体系研究项目(2023HK141), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217833923665641972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833923678224885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, companyId=1217833923665641972, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China Meat Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing 100068, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833923682419190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, companyId=1217833923665641972, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国肉类食品综合研究中心, 肉类加工技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100068)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217833923778888192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833923787276800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, companyId=1217833923778888192, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217833923791471106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, companyId=1217833923778888192, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国海关科学技术研究中心, 北京 100026)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217833930137453560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion chromatograms and extraction chromatograms of standard and sample, figureFileSmall=co+veksbTCnbbHlWxyXBxA==, figureFileBig=YJtkvKzc+UN8MoVexIW17w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833930242310146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=图1, caption=标准品和样品的总离子流图及提取色谱图, figureFileSmall=co+veksbTCnbbHlWxyXBxA==, figureFileBig=YJtkvKzc+UN8MoVexIW17w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833930414276620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatogram and secondary fragmention mass spectrum of the unknown compound in sample and propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil, figureFileSmall=aKsRHXTCxK7Na0FbvLwWYg==, figureFileBig=O2zYBrxOVfEvUxTd36nutA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833931706122259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=图2, caption=样品中未知物以及丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的提取色谱图和二级碎片质谱图

注: A. 样品中未知物提取色谱图; B. 样品中未知物二级碎片质谱图; C. 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非提取色谱图; D. 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非二级碎片质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=aKsRHXTCxK7Na0FbvLwWYg==, figureFileBig=O2zYBrxOVfEvUxTd36nutA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833931827757088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Secondary fragmention mass spectra of vardenafil (A) and propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil (B), figureFileSmall=aomY24ltP/Z+IgOo9MiwkQ==, figureFileBig=ST/npp/aQldMvBScSZ+0bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833931974557741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=图3, caption=伐地那非(A)和丙氧苯基伐地那非(B)的二级碎片质谱图, figureFileSmall=aomY24ltP/Z+IgOo9MiwkQ==, figureFileBig=ST/npp/aQldMvBScSZ+0bQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833932154912823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Mass spectrum fragment pathway of unknown compound, figureFileSmall=s7pIhxCx/tt0ayRDRJSgRQ==, figureFileBig=DtCsH+sJkK9/4/g9eM6iAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833932297519163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=图4, caption=未知物的质谱裂解方式, figureFileSmall=s7pIhxCx/tt0ayRDRJSgRQ==, figureFileBig=DtCsH+sJkK9/4/g9eM6iAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217833932444319812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation of ME of propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in different matrices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料
再稀释倍数 ME/% 评价结果 ME/% 评价结果 ME/% 评价结果 ME/% 评价结果
1倍 -66.7 -57.4 -40.3 -22.5
10倍 73.9 69.4 95.2 100.4
20倍 91.7 87.1 100.8 97.3
50倍 103.2 95.9 100.4 98.4
100倍 103.7 105.0 103.2 101.7
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932603703375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同基质中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非ME评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料
再稀释倍数 ME/% 评价结果 ME/% 评价结果 ME/% 评价结果 ME/% 评价结果
1倍 -66.7 -57.4 -40.3 -22.5
10倍 73.9 69.4 95.2 100.4
20倍 91.7 87.1 100.8 97.3
50倍 103.2 95.9 100.4 98.4
100倍 103.7 105.0 103.2 101.7
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932742115413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Recoveries and RSDs of propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in different matrices (%, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加水平/(mg/kg) 回收率 RSDs
咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料
丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非 0.1 87.6 100.0 97.1 102.6 5.4 4.0 2.9 3.4
0.2 89.3 93.3 96.7 96.9 5.7 5.9 2.8 1.3
1.0 88.4 91.0 90.4 95.7 5.8 6.3 2.0 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1217833932872138843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同基质中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的加标回收率和RSDs (%, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加水平/(mg/kg) 回收率 RSDs
咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料
丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非 0.1 87.6 100.0 97.1 102.6 5.4 4.0 2.9 3.4
0.2 89.3 93.3 96.7 96.9 5.7 5.9 2.8 1.3
1.0 88.4 91.0 90.4 95.7 5.8 6.3 2.0 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933031522408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Reproducibility and intra- and inter-day stability of propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in different matrices (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加量/(mg/kg) 重现性RSDs (n=3) 日内稳定性RSDs (n=5) 日间稳定性RSDs (n=3)
咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 饮料 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料
丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非 0.1 2.8 2.2 4.4 1.5 1.8 4.9 3.9 1.1 3.6 4.5 2.0 2.6
0.2 2.3 1.4 2.4 1.9 2.7 3.8 1.6 4.6 3.1 3.0 3.1 1.4
1.0 0.6 3.3 3.1 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.2 1.3 2.9
), ArticleFig(id=1217833933161545840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217779720322732583, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同基质中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的重现性和日内、日间稳定性(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加量/(mg/kg) 重现性RSDs (n=3) 日内稳定性RSDs (n=5) 日间稳定性RSDs (n=3)
咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 饮料 咖啡 压片糖果 果冻 植物饮料
丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非 0.1 2.8 2.2 4.4 1.5 1.8 4.9 3.9 1.1 3.6 4.5 2.0 2.6
0.2 2.3 1.4 2.4 1.9 2.7 3.8 1.6 4.6 3.1 3.0 3.1 1.4
1.0 0.6 3.3 3.1 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.3 2.5 2.9 3.2 1.3 2.9
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食品中新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的筛查和定量测定
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王娟强 1 , 孔维恒 2 , 李慧晨 1 , 董雨馨 1 , 郭超 1 , 赵文涛 1 , 郭文萍 1, * , 张颖颖 1 , 姜锐 1
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:“十四五”国家重点研发计划——食品真实性全景分析关键技术研究与标准化应用 2025,16(12): 50-58
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:“十四五”国家重点研发计划——食品真实性全景分析关键技术研究与标准化应用 2025, 16(12): 50-58
食品中新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的筛查和定量测定
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王娟强1 , 孔维恒2, 李慧晨1, 董雨馨1, 郭超1, 赵文涛1, 郭文萍1, * , 张颖颖1, 姜锐1
作者信息
  • 1 中国肉类食品综合研究中心, 肉类加工技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100068
  • 2 中国海关科学技术研究中心, 北京 100026
  • 王娟强(1992—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*郭文萍(1970—), 女, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全。E-mail:
Screening and quantitative determination of novel nafil derivative propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in foods
Juan-Qiang WANG1 , Wei-Heng KONG2, Hui-Chen LI1, Yu-Xin DONG1, Chao GUO1, Wen-Tao ZHAO1, Wen-Ping GUO1, * , Ying-Ying ZHANG1, Rui JIANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 China Meat Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing 100068, China
  • 2 Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927002
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目的 对在食品中发现的一种新型伐地那非衍生物进行筛查, 并建立定量测定方法。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法在食品中发现一种与伐地那非结构类似的化合物。通过高分辨质谱碎片离子推测该伐地那非结构类似物的分子结构及裂解规律, 与定制合成的对照品比较, 确定物质名称。采用高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法的多反应监测模式进行扫描, 外标法定量测定。结果 在食品中筛查出新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非, 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非在2~50 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好, 检出限为0.03 mg/kg, 定量限为0.10 mg/kg, 在咖啡、压片糖果、果冻及植物饮料基质中3个加标水平下的平均回收率为87.6%~102.6%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.5%~6.3%, 方法重现性和稳定性良好, RSD<5%。采用该方法对实际样品进行测定, 发现34个阳性样品, 含量范围为1.60×103~2.62×104 mg/kg。结论 该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点, 可用于食品中那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的筛查和定量测定, 为打击非法添加伐地那非衍生物的监管提供技术支持。

非法添加  /  丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非  /  高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法  /  超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法  /  伐地那非结构类似物

Objective To study and screen the novel vardenafil derivative in food, and establish a quantitative method. Methods A compound with similar structure to vardenafil was detected in food by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry. The molecular structure and fragmentation law of the vardenafil structure analogue were inferred from the fragment ions of high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compound name was clarity compared with the custom-synthesized reference substance. Quantitative analysis was carried out in a multiple reaction monitoring by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with the external standard method. Results The novel vardenafil derivative in food was identified as propoxyphenyl hydroxy-vardenafil. The results showed that good linearity was observed for propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil within the concentration range of 2-50 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.03 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation was 0.10 mg/kg. The average recoveries and relative standard deviations (RSD) of coffee, confectionery, jelly and plant-based drinks were 87.6%-102.6% and 0.5%-6.3% respectively. The reproducibility and stability of the method were good (RSD<5%). The method was applied to measure the real samples, and 34 batches of positive samples were found with the content range of 1.60×103-2.62×104 mg/kg. -Conclusion This method is fast, accurate and high sensitivity, can be used for screening and quantitative determination of the derivative propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in food, and can provide technical support for the supervision of the illegal addition of vardenafil derivatives.

illegal addition  /  propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil  /  high performance liquid chromatography- tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry  /  vardenafil structural analogues
王娟强, 孔维恒, 李慧晨, 董雨馨, 郭超, 赵文涛, 郭文萍, 张颖颖, 姜锐. 食品中新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的筛查和定量测定. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (12) : 50 -58 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927002
Juan-Qiang WANG, Wei-Heng KONG, Hui-Chen LI, Yu-Xin DONG, Chao GUO, Wen-Tao ZHAO, Wen-Ping GUO, Ying-Ying ZHANG, Rui JIANG. Screening and quantitative determination of novel nafil derivative propoxyphenyl hydroxyvardenafil in foods[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (12) : 50 -58 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927002
那非类药物是用于治疗男性勃起功能障碍的一类药物, 通过选择性抑制5型磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase type 5, PDE-5), 提高环鸟苷酸含量水平, 增强阴茎血流量, 从而恢复勃起功能[1-3]。目前国内外常用的那非类药物主要包括阿伐那非、西地那非、伐地那非、他达拉非等[4-7]。近年来, 为迎合健康食品消费新风潮, 不法分子在补肾壮阳、抗疲劳等保健食品或者暗示具有增强性功能的食品中非法添加新型那非类衍生物[8-11], 从而逃避监管并牟取暴利。新型那非类衍生物一般与PDE-5抑制剂具有相同的母核结构[12-14], 如伐地那非的咪唑并三嗪母核结构[15], 通常为已知那非类化合物的同分异构体, 或修饰部分结构得到。这些新型那非类衍生物未进行安全性评价, 在食品中非法添加, 将严重危害消费者的健康[16-18]
为打击此类违法行为, 监管部门颁布实施了一系列涉及那非类物质的补充检验方法, 包括BJS 201601《食品中那非类物质的测定》、BJS 201805《食品中那非类物质的测定》等。国家市场监督管理总局办公厅在2022年8月11日印发了《市场监管总局办公厅关于打击食品中非法添加那非拉非类物质及其系列衍生物违法行为的意见》, 发布了市监稽发〔2022〕74号附件1《食品中苯丙代卡巴地那非的检验方法》, 以及市监稽发〔2023〕95号附件2《食品中伐地那非杂质30的测定方法》等新型那非衍生物检测方法[19-20]。这些补充检验方法涵盖了90多种那非类化合物, 检测方法的不断完善, 监管力度的不断增强, 强有力地打击了非法添加行为。但是不法分子逃避监管手段不断升级[21-22], 新型那非类衍生物不断涌现, 更新迭代速度极快。孙健等[23]在保健食品中发现一种新型西地那非衍生物。XIA等[24]在食品中发现一种新型伐地那非衍生物O-丙基伐地那非。冯亭亭等[25]在保健食品中发现一种他达拉非衍生物3-羟丙基去甲他达拉非。这些化合物一般为常见的PDE-5抑制剂西地那非、伐地那非、他达拉非等经过化学结构修饰而来, 没有现行的国家标准或行业标准检测方法, 缺乏相应的对照品, 在实际监管中难度较大。
本研究采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪进行筛查, 发现食品中一种新型伐地那非衍生物, 根据二级碎片裂解规律, 并通过定制合成的对照品, 最终确定该物质名称。同时采用高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法进行定量分析, 为执法机关及时有效打击非法添加行为提供有力技术保障。
选择暗示或者宣称具有壮阳功效的实际样品进行检测, 咖啡、压片糖果、植物饮料、果冻、牡蛎粉和口服液等均购买于网络销售平台。
乙腈、甲酸(色谱纯, 德国CNW公司); 甲醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 那非类快速检测试剂卡(湖州艾维德生物技术有限公司); BJS 201805中西地那非等90种那非混标(质量浓度10 μg/mL, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); 丙氧苯基伐地那非(纯度为99.3%, CAS号2840532-32-1, 上海安谱璀世标准技术服务有限公司); 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非(纯度为100%, CAS号1339092-18-0, 湖北弘信化学试剂有限公司); 实验用水均为一级水。
Agilent 1290-6470高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱仪、Agilent Eclipse plus C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm)(美国Agilent公司); Thermo Orbitrap Q Exactive-HF-X超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱联用质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); AUW220分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 日本Shimadzu公司); Milli-Q超纯水制备仪(美国Millipore公司); KQ5200DE超声波清洗器(昆山舒美超声仪器公司); S-100涡旋混合仪(日本Taiyo公司); CR21N高速离心机(日本Hitachi公司); HM100研磨仪(北京格瑞德曼仪器设备有限公司)。
分别称取约10 mg丙氧苯基伐地那非和丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非对照品, 加适量甲醇溶解且稀释至50 mL容量瓶, 定容, 分别配制成质量浓度为200 μg/mL的标准储备液, 置于-18 ℃冰箱贮存, 有效期3个月。
固体试样取适量混匀后用研磨仪研细, 液体试样搅拌混匀。参照BJS 201805中样品前处理方法, 称取试样1 g(精确至0.001 g)于离心管中, 加40 mL甲醇, 超声提取15 min, 放于离心机12000 r/min离心5 min, 取出上清液转移至50 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇定容。混匀静置后, 取上清液过微孔滤膜, 根据样品实际浓度用50%甲醇水适当稀释到线性范围内, 待上机测定。
(1)高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法
色谱条件: Agilent Eclipse plus C18 (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm); 柱温40 ℃; 流动相: 0.1%甲酸水溶液(A相)-乙腈(B相); 洗脱梯度: 0~1.0 min, 10%~50% B; 1.0~2.5 min, 50%~85% B; 2.5~4.0 min, 85% B; 4.1~6.5 min, 10% B, 流速0.3 mL/min; 进样体积2 μL。
质谱条件: 电喷雾离子源; 扫描方式: 正模式多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)扫描; 毛细管电压: 3.5 kV; 离子源温度: 350 ℃; 干燥气流量: 9 L/min。监测离子对: m/z 519/151(定量离子对), m/z 519/299、m/z 519/99(定性离子对)。
(2)超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法
色谱条件: Agilent Eclipse plus C18 (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8 μm); 柱温40 ℃; 流动相: 0.1%甲酸水溶液(A相)-乙腈(B相)。洗脱梯度0~1.0 min, 20%~50% B; 1.0~8.0 min, 50%~60% B; 8.0~11.0 min, 60%~90% B; 11~13 min, 20% B; 流速0.2 mL/min; 进样体积5 μL。
质谱条件: 扫描模式为Full MS-dd-MS2; 正模式扫描, 鞘气流量: 40 L/min; 辅助气流量: 15 L/min; 喷雾电压: 3.5 kV; 离子源温度: 325 ℃; 辅助气温度: 350 ℃; 全扫描分辨率: 60000; 二级扫描分辨率: 15000。
采用Thermo Xcalibur 4.1进行高分辨质谱定性数据分析, Agilent MassHunter Workstation Software 10.1 进行定量数据分析, 采用Origin 9.1及ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0 绘制图谱。
按照那非类快速检测试剂卡使用说明对咖啡等样品进行测定, 试剂卡的对照线显色, 检测线无显色, 则样品中那非浓度高于检出限, 实验结果判断为阳性, 说明样品中可能含有那非类化合物。
按照食品补充检验方法BJS 201805中标准方法(超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法)对样品进行测定, 未检测到标准方法中的90种那非。但在数据分析提取MRM色谱图时, 监测到1个新的色谱峰, 如图1所示, 该未知物既具有丙氧苯基羟基豪莫西地那非的特征离子对m/z 519/99, 又具有丙氧苯基硫代艾地那非和丙氧苯基硫代豪莫西地那非的特征离子对m/z 519/299, 但其保留时间(retention time, RT) (RT=5.676 min)却与丙氧苯基羟基豪莫西地那非(RT=6.011 min)、丙氧苯基硫代艾地那非(RT=13.976 min)和丙氧苯基硫代豪莫西地那非(RT=13.124 min)都不相同, 极大可能是这些化合物的同分异构体, 因此推测该化合物可能为新型那非衍生物。
按照1.3.3步骤进行定性筛查, 样品中未知物以及丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的提取色谱图和二级碎片质谱图如图2所示。如图2A所示咖啡样品在9.78 min处出现1个色谱峰, 正扫描模式下加氢峰的准分子离子峰为m/z 519.23785, 推测其分子式为C24H34N6O5S, 由二级碎片离子质谱图(图2B)可以看出其主要的特征碎片离子为m/z 376.10678、m/z 326.17294、m/z 299.11331、m/z 284.12643、m/z 169.09689、m/z 151.08640、m/z 99.09202。其中m/z 376.10678、m/z 299.11331、m/z 284.12643、m/z 169.09689, m/z 151.08640均与伐地那非(图3A)与丙氧苯基伐地那非(图3B)的特征碎片离子相同, 说明该化合物具有与伐地那非相同的母核结构。此外m/z 326.17294与丙氧苯基伐地那非特征碎片离子相同, 未知物准分子离子与丙氧苯基伐地那非的准分子离子峰m/z 503.2433([M+H]+)相差15.9946 amu, 可能比丙氧苯基伐地那非多1个氧原子。通过分析伐地那非[26-28]和丙氧苯基伐地那非的结构和质谱裂解规律[24,29-31], 该化合物可能为丙氧苯基伐地那非末端的甲基上氢原子被羟基取代, 未知物质谱解析如图4所示。
根据推断的化合物, 定制合成获取目标物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非对照品, 按照1.3.3条件进行检测。提取的对照品的色谱峰及二级碎片质谱图(图2C图2D), 保留时间9.82 min与样品中保留时间9.78 min基本一致(偏差0.4%), 样品中二级碎片谱图与对照品中特征碎片离子m/z 376.10605、m/z 326.17316、m/z 299.11334、m/z 284.12607、m/z 169.09702, m/z 151.08650, m/z 99.09212完全匹配(图2), 其中m/z 299.11334、m/z 151.08650、m/z 99.09212等高丰度离子的相对强度基本一致, 说明样品中的未知物为丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非。
配制丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非质量浓度分别为2、5、10、20、50 ng/mL的系列溶液, 外标法定量分析, 在2~50 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内, 线性方程为Y=847.56X+1452.05, 线性相关系数为0.9963, 线性关系良好。通过在空白基质加标的方式以3倍信噪比及10倍信噪比分别确定方法的检出限及定量限, 在空白基质中添加检出限和定量限浓度水平时, 化合物的检出限大于3倍信噪比, 定量限大于10倍信噪比, 均能满足要求, 因此, 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非检出限为0.03 mg/kg, 定量限为0.10 mg/kg。
基质效应(matrix effect, ME)是随目标物共流出的其他内源性杂质造成, 在质谱分析中主要干扰目标物的离子化, 使进入质谱的离子减少或增多, 从而影响定量结果的可靠性[32-33]。按照ME/%=[(基质匹配标准曲线的斜率-溶剂标准曲线的斜率)/溶剂标准曲线的斜率]×100%来评价ME大小。当|ME|<20%时为弱ME, 当20%≤|ME|≤50%时为中等ME, 当|ME|>50%时为强ME。结果为正值和负值时分别表示基质增强和基质抑制效应。通过配制的溶剂标准曲线和咖啡、压片糖果、果冻、植物饮料基质匹配标准曲线的斜率计算, ME结果如表1所示, 4种基质中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的ME均为负值, 表现为基质抑制效应, 化合物在基质中的响应低于在纯溶剂中的响应, 如果用溶剂曲线去校正样品含量, 则检测值偏小。咖啡和压片糖果为强ME, 果冻和植物饮料中为中等ME, 基质中不同的杂质成分对化合物离子化影响不同, 导致ME存在差异。咖啡和压片糖果基质成分更为复杂, 其中糖类、蛋白等物质会增加流动相的黏度, 改变质谱喷雾溶液的表面张力, 从而降低质谱离子化效率, 表现为强ME。因此, 实际样品检测时可配制空白基质匹配标准工作曲线用于定量分析, 从而减少ME对定量结果的影响。
此外, 用50%甲醇水溶液稀释前处理后的4种基质空白溶液, 获取稀释10、20、50、100倍后的基质空白溶液, 均配制10 ng/mL基质标准溶液[26]。通过不同稀释倍数基质空白溶液(A)与纯溶剂(B)配制的标准溶液的响应信号的比值, 即计算公式ME/%=A/B×100%测定ME, 当比值大于1时, 为基质增强效应, 当比值小于1时, 为基质抑制效应, 比值在0.8~1.2时为弱ME。如表1测定结果表明: 当空白基质稀释10倍后, 果冻、植物饮料中ME明显减弱, 将空白基质稀释50倍后, 咖啡和压片糖果ME较弱。因此, 在实际样品检测过程中, 阳性样品含量较大的情况下, 在前处理过程中可增大样品稀释倍数来降低ME对定量结果的影响。
按定量限、2倍定量限和10倍定量限共3个浓度水平向咖啡、压片糖果、果冻、植物饮料基质中加入丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非标准溶液, 每个水平进行6次平行, 加标样品通过提取后测定相应含量, 计算回收率评价方法的准确度, 测定相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)考察方法精密度[34]。如表2所示, 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非在4种基质中的回收率在87.6%~102.6%之间, RSDs为0.5%~6.3%, 均小于6.5%, 满足实验要求。
为考察方法重现性, 由3个不同实验人员对丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非样品进行测定, 由表3可知, 重现性实验中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的RSDs为0.6%~4.4%。在方法稳定性实验[35]中, 考察了样品中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非的日内和日间稳定性, 日内稳定性为1 d内测定5次, 含量的RSDs为1.1%~4.9%。日间稳定性为1 d内测定1次, 共测定3 d, 其RSDs为1.3%~4.5%。结果表明该方法重现性良好, 日内和日间较为稳定。
通过高分辨质谱确认样品中新型伐地那非衍生物的物质名称和结构, 在此基础上, 采用高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱建立定量检测方法, 考察了样品中化合物的ME, 该方法的线性关系良好, 准确度和精密度高, 且具有良好的重现性和稳定性。将该方法应用于实际样品检测: 对采集的宣称具有壮阳功效的80个样品进行测定, 包括咖啡31个、压片糖果27个、植物饮料11个、果冻5个、牡蛎粉4个、口服液2个。在果冻、牡蛎粉、口服液中未检出目标物。咖啡样品中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非检出率为77.4% (24/31), 含量范围1.60×103~2.92×103 mg/kg。压片糖果样品中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非检出率为25.9% (7/27), 含量范围8.10×103~2.62×104 mg/kg。植物饮料样品中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非检出率为27.3% (3/11), 含量范围1.79×103~2.13×103 mg/kg。实验结果表明, 丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非在可疑样品中检出率高, 存在较大风险。监管部门应提高对此类作案手段的识别和研判。这些样品主要通过网络销售, 消费者需谨慎购买。
本研究通过快检试剂卡初步筛查, 高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱法谱靶向筛查, 在食品中发现已知物的同分异构体后, 进一步通过高分辨质谱, 对未知物进行结构解析, 定制合成相应的对照品, 最终发现了新型那非衍生物丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非, 并对其进行了定性和定量的系统分析。该方法快速、灵敏、准确, 首次在食品中检出丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非, 为发现新型那非衍生物提供了解题思路和参考依据, 可作为食品中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非快速筛查和测定的有效方法。目前尚无相关正式颁布的国家、行业标准对食品中丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非进行测定, 而食品中非法添加问题严峻, 该方法的建立也弥补了丙氧苯基羟基伐地那非检测方法的空缺。可将该方法转化为国家食品补充检验方法作为检测标准在市场监管和各检测机构进行广泛应用。目前该方法已多次用于公安等执法部门委托的涉案应急检测, 能够有效服务监管, 为打击非法添加、保障食药安全提供了有力的技术支持。此外, 建议监管部门加强对该类非法添加的筛查工作, 以保障消费者的健康和安全。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104700)
  • 国产质谱类设备海关验证评价技术和体系研究项目(2023HK141)
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2025年第16卷第12期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927002
  • 接收时间:2024-09-27
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104700)
国产质谱类设备海关验证评价技术和体系研究项目(2023HK141)
作者信息
    1 中国肉类食品综合研究中心, 肉类加工技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100068
    2 中国海关科学技术研究中心, 北京 100026

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*郭文萍(1970—), 女, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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