Article(id=1217529315202351978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211209344, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211209344, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211209344, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211209344, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529315697279903, articleId=1217529315202351978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of multiple fluoroquinolones and benzodiazepines in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with pass-through solid phase extraction, columnId=1217529307430306336, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Processing and Quality Safety of Aquatic Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 6 kinds of fluoroquinolones and 4 kinds of benzodiazepines residues in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods Aquatic product samples were extracted with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The extracts were concentrated with a rotary evaporator and then reconstituted in 90% acetonitrile aqueous solution (containing 1% formic acid), and purified through a pass-through solid phase extraction cartridge (ProElut PLS-A). The purified extracts were directly analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Quantification was performed using the isotope internal standard method. Results The 10 kinds of target compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.5 to 50.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r) all greater than 0.998. The limits of quantitation for these compounds in 5 kinds of different aquatic product matrices ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/kg. The recovery rates at low, medium and high spiking levels ranged from 81.5% to 109.7%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.24% to 13.22%. Conclusion Methodological validation confirmed that the developed method is highly sensitive, accurate in quantification, stable, and straightforward in operation. It is suitable for high-throughput detection of 6 kinds of fluoroquinolones and 4 kinds of benzodiazepines residues in aquatic products.

, correspAuthors=Yang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ding-Nan WANG, Xin-Ya WU, Shi-Yan LI, Qin ZHOU, Qing-Qing KE, Yi-Ming ZHANG, Yang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529318415188015, articleId=1217529315202351978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中多种氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类药物, columnId=1217529307631632938, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中6种氟喹诺酮类和4种苯二氮䓬类药物残留的分析方法。方法 使用1%甲酸乙腈溶液对水产样品进行提取, 提取液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩后用90%乙腈水溶液(含1%甲酸)复溶, 经通过式固相萃取小柱(ProElut PLS-A)净化后直接供UPLC-MS/MS分析, 采用同位素内标法进行定量。结果 10种目标化合物在0.5~50.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r)均大于0.998。10种目标化合物在5种水产品基质中定量限为0.5~1.0 μg/kg, 低、中、高3个不同水平的加标回收率范围为81.5%~109.7%, 相对标准偏差为0.24%~13.22%。结论 经方法学验证, 该方法灵敏度高、定量准确、稳定性好、操作简单高效, 可用于水产品中6种氟喹诺酮类和4种苯二氮䓬类药物残留的高通量检测。

, correspAuthors=王扬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王扬(1973—), 女, 硕士, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量品质检测和安全评价研究工作。E-mail:
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王鼎南(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全和风险评估工作。E-mail:

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王鼎南(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全和风险评估工作。E-mail:

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王鼎南(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全和风险评估工作。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2020, 38(7): 791-797., articleTitle=Determination of diazepam in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with pass-through solid phase extraction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268236943392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=106, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=57, authorNames=杨文珺, 王华, journalName=食品安全导刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨文珺, 王华. 液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪肉中的兽药残留[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2025(5): 106-109., articleTitle=液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪肉中的兽药残留, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268362772520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=106, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=58, authorNames=YANG WJ, WANG H, journalName=China Food Safety Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG WJ, WANG H. Determination of veterinary drug residues in pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2025(5): 106-109., articleTitle=Determination of veterinary drug residues in pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268463435821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=96, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=59, authorNames=孔祥一, 庄丽丽, 方恩华, journalName=色谱, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孔祥一, 庄丽丽, 方恩华, 等. QuEChERS-同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中9种N-亚硝胺类化合物[J]. 色谱, 2021, 39(1): 96-103., articleTitle=QuEChERS-同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中9种N-亚硝胺类化合物, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268568293422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=96, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=60, authorNames=KONG XY, ZHANG LL, FANG ENH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Chromatography, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KONG XY, ZHANG LL, FANG ENH, et al. Determination of nine N-nitrosamines in animal-derived foods by QuEChERS-isotope dilution combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. 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Chemical Analysis and Meterage, 2024, 33(9): 28-32., articleTitle=Determination of diazepam in freshwater fish by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217901257054929460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, awardId=LGC20B050007, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省公益技术研究计划/分析测试项目(LGC20B050007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901258384523833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, awardId=2023SNJF069, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2023SNJF069), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901248053953446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901248066536361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, companyId=1217901248053953446, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Hangzhou 310023, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901248095896491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, companyId=1217901248053953446, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江省水产技术推广总站, 杭州 310023)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217901249396130741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901249408713655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, companyId=1217901249396130741, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901249421296569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, companyId=1217901249396130741, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江农林大学食品与健康学院, 杭州 311300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901254735479125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ion abundance of each target compound under different aqueous phase conditions (n=3), figureFileSmall=SRj1YKAjkOasAFxc1simLA==, figureFileBig=BEg+u3yiwCK2WeOXqxxxfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901254873891171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同水相条件下各目标化合物的离子丰度(n=3), figureFileSmall=SRj1YKAjkOasAFxc1simLA==, figureFileBig=BEg+u3yiwCK2WeOXqxxxfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255066829176, 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journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同通过式SPE小柱对目标化合物回收率的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=q0Vy1SOAIlo71yLhbrN8Ng==, figureFileBig=OoYIuXNd5hB+FG/b3n9hww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255582728621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of MEs across purification methods, figureFileSmall=zfOqp96cN0A9gsYrhwNKZw==, figureFileBig=if8SZNqBDfeHmAXppI0SNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255721140671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同净化方式下的MEs比较, figureFileSmall=zfOqp96cN0A9gsYrhwNKZw==, figureFileBig=if8SZNqBDfeHmAXppI0SNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255830192590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Validation results of spiked bighead carp matrix, figureFileSmall=2u632XJWcJQCG3DG9AmEaQ==, figureFileBig=Vkc+ENthDKHLKAqhxWTGzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255939244506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鳙鱼基质加标验证结果, figureFileSmall=2u632XJWcJQCG3DG9AmEaQ==, figureFileBig=Vkc+ENthDKHLKAqhxWTGzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256086045157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mass spectrometric parameters for target compounds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 对应内标 离子对(m/z) 去簇电压
/V
碰撞能量
/eV
氧氟沙星 氧氟沙星-D8 362.2>318.1* 70 28
362.2>261.1 70 40
诺氟沙星 诺氟沙星-D5 320.2>276.1* 70 26
320.2>233.1 70 36
培氟沙星 培氟沙星-D5 334.2>316.1* 70 28
334.2>290.1 70 26
洛美沙星 洛美沙星-D5 352.2>308.1* 70 25
352.2>265.1 70 35
恩诺沙星 恩诺沙星-D5 360.2>316.0* 80 28
360.2>245.0 80 38
环丙沙星 环丙沙星-D8 332.3>288.0* 80 27
332.3>245.0 80 34
地西泮 地西泮-D5 285.1>193.1* 40 45
285.1>154.0 40 37
去甲西泮 去甲西泮-D5 271.1>140.0* 40 38
271.1>165.0 40 38
奥沙西泮 奥沙西泮-D5 287.1>241.1* 40 32
289.1>243.0 40 32
替马西泮 替马西泮-D5 301.1>255.1* 40 30
303.1>257.1 40 30
氧氟沙星-D8 370.2>326.1 70 28
诺氟沙星-D5 325.0>281.2 70 24
培氟沙星-D5 339.2>295.0 70 25
洛美沙星-D5 357.2>270.1 70 35
恩诺沙星-D5 365.1>321.1 60 28
环丙沙星-D8 339.9>249.0 60 27
地西泮-D5 290.1>198.1 40 45
去甲西泮-D5 276.1>140.1 40 38
奥沙西泮-D5 292.0>246.1 40 32
替马西泮-D5 306.1>260.1 40 33
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256207679987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

目标化合物的质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 对应内标 离子对(m/z) 去簇电压
/V
碰撞能量
/eV
氧氟沙星 氧氟沙星-D8 362.2>318.1* 70 28
362.2>261.1 70 40
诺氟沙星 诺氟沙星-D5 320.2>276.1* 70 26
320.2>233.1 70 36
培氟沙星 培氟沙星-D5 334.2>316.1* 70 28
334.2>290.1 70 26
洛美沙星 洛美沙星-D5 352.2>308.1* 70 25
352.2>265.1 70 35
恩诺沙星 恩诺沙星-D5 360.2>316.0* 80 28
360.2>245.0 80 38
环丙沙星 环丙沙星-D8 332.3>288.0* 80 27
332.3>245.0 80 34
地西泮 地西泮-D5 285.1>193.1* 40 45
285.1>154.0 40 37
去甲西泮 去甲西泮-D5 271.1>140.0* 40 38
271.1>165.0 40 38
奥沙西泮 奥沙西泮-D5 287.1>241.1* 40 32
289.1>243.0 40 32
替马西泮 替马西泮-D5 301.1>255.1* 40 30
303.1>257.1 40 30
氧氟沙星-D8 370.2>326.1 70 28
诺氟沙星-D5 325.0>281.2 70 24
培氟沙星-D5 339.2>295.0 70 25
洛美沙星-D5 357.2>270.1 70 35
恩诺沙星-D5 365.1>321.1 60 28
环丙沙星-D8 339.9>249.0 60 27
地西泮-D5 290.1>198.1 40 45
去甲西泮-D5 276.1>140.1 40 38
奥沙西泮-D5 292.0>246.1 40 32
替马西泮-D5 306.1>260.1 40 33
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256379646462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Linear equation, correlation coefficient, linear range, LODs and LOQs

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化合物 线性方程 线性范围/(ng/mL) 相关系数(r) LODs/(μg/kg) LOQs/(μg/kg)
氧氟沙星 Y=0.06361X+0.01243 0.5~50.0 0.99926 0.15 0.5
诺氟沙星 Y=0.00787X+0.00109 0.5~50.0 0.99886 0.30 1.0
培氟沙星 Y=0.17935X+0.03154 0.5~50.0 0.99939 0.15 0.5
洛美沙星 Y=0.04475X+0.00301 0.5~50.0 0.99971 0.30 1.0
恩诺沙星 Y=0.03241X+0.00450 0.5~50.0 0.99844 0.30 1.0
环丙沙星 Y=0.00750X+6.78787e-4 0.5~50.0 0.99979 0.30 1.0
去甲西泮 Y=0.01979X+0.00116 0.5~50.0 0.99952 0.30 1.0
地西泮 Y=0.05977X+0.00198 0.5~50.0 0.99947 0.15 0.5
奥沙西泮 Y=0.05086X-9.75543e-4 0.5~50.0 0.99946 0.30 1.0
替马西泮 Y=0.05441X+0.00168 0.5~50.0 0.99943 0.30 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256555807243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

线性方程、相关系数、线性范围、LODs和LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 线性范围/(ng/mL) 相关系数(r) LODs/(μg/kg) LOQs/(μg/kg)
氧氟沙星 Y=0.06361X+0.01243 0.5~50.0 0.99926 0.15 0.5
诺氟沙星 Y=0.00787X+0.00109 0.5~50.0 0.99886 0.30 1.0
培氟沙星 Y=0.17935X+0.03154 0.5~50.0 0.99939 0.15 0.5
洛美沙星 Y=0.04475X+0.00301 0.5~50.0 0.99971 0.30 1.0
恩诺沙星 Y=0.03241X+0.00450 0.5~50.0 0.99844 0.30 1.0
环丙沙星 Y=0.00750X+6.78787e-4 0.5~50.0 0.99979 0.30 1.0
去甲西泮 Y=0.01979X+0.00116 0.5~50.0 0.99952 0.30 1.0
地西泮 Y=0.05977X+0.00198 0.5~50.0 0.99947 0.15 0.5
奥沙西泮 Y=0.05086X-9.75543e-4 0.5~50.0 0.99946 0.30 1.0
替马西泮 Y=0.05441X+0.00168 0.5~50.0 0.99943 0.30 1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256740356632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Average spike recovery rates and precision results of target compounds in aquatic products (n=6)

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样品 化合物 加标量/(μg/kg) 平均回收率/% 相对标准偏差/%
大黄鱼 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 94.7, 96.0, 98.3 4.15, 4.09, 3.31
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 102.7, 84.4, 103.3 5.39, 2.76, 1.95
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 93.3, 99.8, 95.3 10.35, 2.22, 6.51
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 98.3, 101.2, 102.5 2.78, 1.84, 3.11
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 104.0, 102.2, 100.9 3.22, 2.26, 2.32
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 101.3, 101.8, 91.8 2.97, 2.10, 2.26
地西泮 1, 10, 50 97.7, 101.0, 98.1 3.22, 1.30, 4.00
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 98.5, 99.7, 94.3 8.61, 2.66, 1.66
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 100.7, 102.2, 101.4 3.24, 0.49, 2.55
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 102.2, 96.6, 99.2 2.43, 2.26, 4.77
南美白对虾 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 101.0, 98.6, 97.7 6.60, 3.72, 3.85
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 109.3, 94.0, 106.8 2.06, 10.37, 6.00
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 99.1, 101.1, 101.0 7.93, 0.67, 3.99
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 100.0, 100.3, 103.6 2.53, 0.54, 3.48
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 104.7, 104.4, 104.1 1.97, 1.42, 3.08
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 87.0, 87.3, 102.6 9.14, 0.92, 3.05
地西泮 1, 10, 50 99.3, 100.3, 97.4 2.60, 1.36, 2.97
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 104.5, 99.7, 92.8 3.46, 1.98, 1.25
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 101.8, 102.0, 104.4 2.67, 1.64, 1.94
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 98.3, 87.9, 99.8 4.35, 2.98, 4.14
中华鳖 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 94.3, 99.3, 95.7 4.96, 1.86, 5.47
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 109.7, 86.1, 102.5 2.05, 1.86, 2.74
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 98.1, 101.5, 102.4 6.33, 0.24, 2.89
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 96.5, 99.8, 103.1 2.60, 2.30, 2.43
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 98.7, 99.9, 101.1 4.80, 0.62, 1.00
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 94.3, 83.9, 95.2 2.97, 5.75, 3.42
地西泮 1, 10, 50 105.8, 101.2, 98.7 5.91, 4.09, 5.81
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 98.7, 97.7, 95.2 3.66, 1.85, 1.85
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 105.7, 98.3, 96.3 5.03, 4.83, 3.84
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 100.0, 96.8, 98.1 5.22, 2.02, 3.67
棘胸蛙 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 98.2, 101.4, 98.4 4.39, 1.45, 3.02
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 107.2, 89.7, 102.1 1.09, 4.89, 3.74
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 89.0, 97.7, 96.8 4.59, 1.50, 4.42
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 96.2, 98.2, 105.5 4.13, 2.16, 2.16
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 105.5, 102.6, 102.8 2.30, 4.59, 2.24
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 88.8, 81.5, 91.4 7.48, 6.69, 3.56
地西泮 1, 10, 50 104.2, 102.3, 99.6 2.22, 1.16, 2.27
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 100.8, 101.9, 96.9 5.34, 2.91, 2.37
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 98.2, 102.0, 103.1 5.56, 2.46, 3.51
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 96.5, 99.3, 98.8 2.25, 2.05, 4.20
鳙鱼 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 94.0, 99.1, 94.7 6.06, 1.05, 1.75
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 108.8, 93.2, 100.8 2.75, 5.71, 3.60
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 96.3, 97.2, 99.8 2.18, 3.17, 3.70
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 93.7, 94.0, 100.8 3.49, 1.87, 3.60
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 104.3, 100.6, 102.8 2.32, 1.17, 2.81
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 93.5, 86.1, 92.5 13.22, 4.44, 3.69
地西泮 1, 10, 50 105.0, 100.4, 98.3 2.63, 1.29, 3.32
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 103.0, 101.3, 97.1 5.49, 0.84, 6.19
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 94.5, 99.5, 102.4 3.95, 2.27, 1.33
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 99.0, 100.3, 96.4 4.65, 2.44, 3.70
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256849408549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529315202351978, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

目标化合物在水产品中的平均加标回收率和精密度结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 化合物 加标量/(μg/kg) 平均回收率/% 相对标准偏差/%
大黄鱼 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 94.7, 96.0, 98.3 4.15, 4.09, 3.31
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 102.7, 84.4, 103.3 5.39, 2.76, 1.95
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 93.3, 99.8, 95.3 10.35, 2.22, 6.51
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 98.3, 101.2, 102.5 2.78, 1.84, 3.11
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 104.0, 102.2, 100.9 3.22, 2.26, 2.32
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 101.3, 101.8, 91.8 2.97, 2.10, 2.26
地西泮 1, 10, 50 97.7, 101.0, 98.1 3.22, 1.30, 4.00
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 98.5, 99.7, 94.3 8.61, 2.66, 1.66
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 100.7, 102.2, 101.4 3.24, 0.49, 2.55
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 102.2, 96.6, 99.2 2.43, 2.26, 4.77
南美白对虾 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 101.0, 98.6, 97.7 6.60, 3.72, 3.85
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 109.3, 94.0, 106.8 2.06, 10.37, 6.00
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 99.1, 101.1, 101.0 7.93, 0.67, 3.99
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 100.0, 100.3, 103.6 2.53, 0.54, 3.48
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 104.7, 104.4, 104.1 1.97, 1.42, 3.08
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 87.0, 87.3, 102.6 9.14, 0.92, 3.05
地西泮 1, 10, 50 99.3, 100.3, 97.4 2.60, 1.36, 2.97
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 104.5, 99.7, 92.8 3.46, 1.98, 1.25
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 101.8, 102.0, 104.4 2.67, 1.64, 1.94
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 98.3, 87.9, 99.8 4.35, 2.98, 4.14
中华鳖 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 94.3, 99.3, 95.7 4.96, 1.86, 5.47
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 109.7, 86.1, 102.5 2.05, 1.86, 2.74
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 98.1, 101.5, 102.4 6.33, 0.24, 2.89
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 96.5, 99.8, 103.1 2.60, 2.30, 2.43
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 98.7, 99.9, 101.1 4.80, 0.62, 1.00
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 94.3, 83.9, 95.2 2.97, 5.75, 3.42
地西泮 1, 10, 50 105.8, 101.2, 98.7 5.91, 4.09, 5.81
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 98.7, 97.7, 95.2 3.66, 1.85, 1.85
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 105.7, 98.3, 96.3 5.03, 4.83, 3.84
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 100.0, 96.8, 98.1 5.22, 2.02, 3.67
棘胸蛙 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 98.2, 101.4, 98.4 4.39, 1.45, 3.02
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 107.2, 89.7, 102.1 1.09, 4.89, 3.74
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 89.0, 97.7, 96.8 4.59, 1.50, 4.42
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 96.2, 98.2, 105.5 4.13, 2.16, 2.16
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 105.5, 102.6, 102.8 2.30, 4.59, 2.24
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 88.8, 81.5, 91.4 7.48, 6.69, 3.56
地西泮 1, 10, 50 104.2, 102.3, 99.6 2.22, 1.16, 2.27
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 100.8, 101.9, 96.9 5.34, 2.91, 2.37
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 98.2, 102.0, 103.1 5.56, 2.46, 3.51
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 96.5, 99.3, 98.8 2.25, 2.05, 4.20
鳙鱼 氧氟沙星 1, 10, 50 94.0, 99.1, 94.7 6.06, 1.05, 1.75
诺氟沙星 1, 10, 50 108.8, 93.2, 100.8 2.75, 5.71, 3.60
培氟沙星 1, 10, 50 96.3, 97.2, 99.8 2.18, 3.17, 3.70
洛美沙星 1, 10, 50 93.7, 94.0, 100.8 3.49, 1.87, 3.60
恩诺沙星 1, 10, 50 104.3, 100.6, 102.8 2.32, 1.17, 2.81
环丙沙星 1, 10, 50 93.5, 86.1, 92.5 13.22, 4.44, 3.69
地西泮 1, 10, 50 105.0, 100.4, 98.3 2.63, 1.29, 3.32
去甲西泮 1, 10, 50 103.0, 101.3, 97.1 5.49, 0.84, 6.19
奥沙西泮 1, 10, 50 94.5, 99.5, 102.4 3.95, 2.27, 1.33
替马西泮 1, 10, 50 99.0, 100.3, 96.4 4.65, 2.44, 3.70
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通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中多种氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类药物
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王鼎南 1 , 吴新雅 2 , 李诗言 1 , 周钦 1 , 柯庆青 1 , 张宜明 2 , 王扬 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(13): 26-36
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(13): 26-36
通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中多种氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类药物
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王鼎南1 , 吴新雅2, 李诗言1, 周钦1, 柯庆青1, 张宜明2, 王扬1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江省水产技术推广总站, 杭州 310023
  • 2 浙江农林大学食品与健康学院, 杭州 311300
  • 王鼎南(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全和风险评估工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王扬(1973—), 女, 硕士, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量品质检测和安全评价研究工作。E-mail:
Determination of multiple fluoroquinolones and benzodiazepines in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with pass-through solid phase extraction
Ding-Nan WANG1 , Xin-Ya WU2, Shi-Yan LI1, Qin ZHOU1, Qing-Qing KE1, Yi-Ming ZHANG2, Yang WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Hangzhou 310023, China
  • 2 College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409008
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目的 建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中6种氟喹诺酮类和4种苯二氮䓬类药物残留的分析方法。方法 使用1%甲酸乙腈溶液对水产样品进行提取, 提取液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩后用90%乙腈水溶液(含1%甲酸)复溶, 经通过式固相萃取小柱(ProElut PLS-A)净化后直接供UPLC-MS/MS分析, 采用同位素内标法进行定量。结果 10种目标化合物在0.5~50.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r)均大于0.998。10种目标化合物在5种水产品基质中定量限为0.5~1.0 μg/kg, 低、中、高3个不同水平的加标回收率范围为81.5%~109.7%, 相对标准偏差为0.24%~13.22%。结论 经方法学验证, 该方法灵敏度高、定量准确、稳定性好、操作简单高效, 可用于水产品中6种氟喹诺酮类和4种苯二氮䓬类药物残留的高通量检测。

氟喹诺酮  /  苯二氮䓬  /  水产品  /  通过式固相萃取

Objective To establish an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 6 kinds of fluoroquinolones and 4 kinds of benzodiazepines residues in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods Aquatic product samples were extracted with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The extracts were concentrated with a rotary evaporator and then reconstituted in 90% acetonitrile aqueous solution (containing 1% formic acid), and purified through a pass-through solid phase extraction cartridge (ProElut PLS-A). The purified extracts were directly analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Quantification was performed using the isotope internal standard method. Results The 10 kinds of target compounds exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 0.5 to 50.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r) all greater than 0.998. The limits of quantitation for these compounds in 5 kinds of different aquatic product matrices ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 μg/kg. The recovery rates at low, medium and high spiking levels ranged from 81.5% to 109.7%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.24% to 13.22%. Conclusion Methodological validation confirmed that the developed method is highly sensitive, accurate in quantification, stable, and straightforward in operation. It is suitable for high-throughput detection of 6 kinds of fluoroquinolones and 4 kinds of benzodiazepines residues in aquatic products.

fluoroquinolones  /  benzodiazepines  /  aquatic products  /  pass-through solid phase extraction
王鼎南, 吴新雅, 李诗言, 周钦, 柯庆青, 张宜明, 王扬. 通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中多种氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类药物. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 26 -36 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409008
Ding-Nan WANG, Xin-Ya WU, Shi-Yan LI, Qin ZHOU, Qing-Qing KE, Yi-Ming ZHANG, Yang WANG. Determination of multiple fluoroquinolones and benzodiazepines in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with pass-through solid phase extraction[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 26 -36 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409008
浙江省是水产养殖大省, 其产值规模持续增长, 据统计2023年全省水产品养殖总产量已达29.99万t[1], 是本省的重要支柱产业[2-3]。水产品富含必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪和多种微量元素, 具有低脂肪、易消化、易吸收等优点, 是优质的蛋白质来源, 在饮食结构中占据不可替代的地位[4]。然而, 随着水产养殖业的高速发展, 部分养殖主体为追求更高收益而违规使用药物, 极大地影响了水产品的安全性和消费者的身体健康[5]。氟喹诺酮类药物是一类人工合成的抗生素, 具有广谱抗菌作用, 曾广泛应用于动物和人类的细菌性感染疾病治疗[6], 该类药物代谢周期长, 在环境中稳定, 长期使用易导致细菌的耐药性[7], 进而对动物疫病控制、食品安全及人类健康构成潜在威胁[8-10]; 苯二氮䓬类药物是一类人工合成的精神药物, 用于治疗人类的焦虑症、失眠、癫痫及肌肉痉挛等症状[11], 同时也被应用于动物医疗, 然而该类药物在人体内存在潜在的成瘾性和依赖性风险[12-13]。苯二氮䓬类药物在环境中也同样稳定[14-15], 不仅干扰水生动物的正常行为[16], 还有可能通过食物链传递并累积, 最终对人类健康造成潜在影响[17]。我国为限制药物的滥用, 制定了GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》和GB 31650.1—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》等限量标准, 在水产品中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星限量值为2 μg/kg, 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星总量的限量值为100 μg/kg, 地西泮则为不得检出。但根据调研结果, 上述药物在水产品中仍存在不少超标情况[18-19], 因此对这两类药物开展持续监测具有重要意义。
目前, 对于这两类药物的检测方法主要包括酶联免疫法[20-21]、液相色谱法[22-23]、气相色谱-串联质谱法[24-25]、液相色谱-串联质谱法等[26-27]。其中酶联免疫法对于具有相似分子结构的药物分辨能力较差, 存在显著的交叉反应, 无法正确鉴别和定量每一种药物[21]; 液相色谱法对于分子结构类似药物则需要严苛的色谱条件才能有效鉴别各个药物, 同时也存在灵敏度较低的缺点; 气相色谱-串联质谱法分析极性较强的喹诺酮类药物则需要衍生化, 步骤较烦琐[24]; 液相色谱-串联质谱法不仅具有高选择性和高灵敏度优点, 同时能满足多通道同时分析, 是分析多药物残留的理想方法, 国内外学者也在此基础上开发了多种药物分析方法[28-29]。但氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类药物极性差异较大, 再加上水产品本身品种繁多、基质复杂, 给样品前处理提出了更高的要求。一些QuEChERS法[30-31]、固相萃取法(solid phase extraction, SPE)[32-33]虽然能够实现目标药物的检测, 但在净化效果、适用范围和分析效率上仍有提升空间。如今基于亲水亲脂平衡型材料的通过式SPE小柱在不损失太多目标物的情况下, 能有效去除样品中的基质干扰, 为前处理方法拓展了新思路[19,34-36]。基于此, 本研究通过优化目标药物的色谱、质谱分析条件, 并考察不同通过式SPE小柱的净化效果, 建立通过式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中多种氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类药物的分析方法, 以期为水产品的高通量分析及监管提供有力的技术支撑。
实验所用水产品样品均来自浙江省内水产养殖主体, 品种包括鱼类、虾类、蟹类、鳖类和蛙类。
甲醇、乙腈[色谱纯, 赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; 甲酸(色谱纯)、甲酸铵(质谱纯)(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、地西泮、去甲西泮、替马西泮、奥沙西泮等标准物质、诺氟沙星-D5、培氟沙星-D5、洛美沙星-D5、氧氟沙星-D8、恩诺沙星-D5、环丙沙星-D8、地西泮-D5、去甲西泮-D5、替马西泮-D5、奥沙西泮-D5等同位素参考物质(质量浓度100 μg/mL, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)。
ExionLC AD-4500Qtrap超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪(美国SCIEX公司); L530R大容量低速冷冻离心机(最大转速4500 r/min, 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司); PL203电子天平(精确至0.001 g, 瑞士METTLER TOLEDO公司); RE-2000B旋转蒸发器(上海亚荣生化仪器厂); Multi Reax漩涡混合器(德国Heidolph公司); Milli Q Advantage A10超纯水仪(美国Millipore公司); ProElut PLS-A SPE小柱(200 mg/6 mL, 北京迪马科技有限公司); Oasis PRiME HLB SPE小柱(500 mg/6 mL)、Sep-Pak C18 SPE小柱(500 mg/6 mL)、ACQUITY Premier HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm)[沃特世科技(上海)有限公司]; Copure Lipoclean SPE小柱(300 mg/3 mL)、Copure HLB-lim SPE小柱(200 mg/3 mL) (深圳逗点生物技术有限公司); Kinetex C18色谱柱(2.1 mm× 100 mm, 1.7 μm, 天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司)。
水产品样品制备过程依照GB/T 30891—2014《水产品抽样规范》, 即鳖类、蛙类样品取可食部分, 鱼类样品去头、骨、内脏, 取肌肉、鱼皮等可食部位, 虾类去虾头、虾皮、肠腺, 得到整条虾肉, 以上样品分别经绞碎混合均匀后备用, 并在-18 ℃下冷冻保存以防变质。
分别取诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星标准物质1 mL, 混合后用2%甲酸乙腈溶液逐级稀释至各组分质量浓度为100 ng/mL的氟喹诺酮类药物标准工作液; 分别取地西泮、去甲西泮、替马西泮和奥沙西泮标准物质1 mL, 混合后用乙腈逐级稀释至各组分质量浓度为100 ng/mL的苯二氮䓬类药物标准工作液; 分别取诺氟沙星-D5、培氟沙星-D5、洛美沙星-D5、氧氟沙星-D8、恩诺沙星-D5和环丙沙星-D8同位素参考物质1 mL, 混合后用2%甲酸乙腈溶液逐级稀释至各组分质量浓度为400 ng/mL的氟喹诺酮类同位素内标工作液; 分别取地西泮-D5、去甲西泮-D5、替马西泮-D5、奥沙西泮-D5同位素参考物质1 mL, 混合后用乙腈逐级稀释至各组分质量浓度为400 ng/mL的苯二氮䓬类药物同位素内标工作液, 所有工作液均在-18 ℃下保存待用。
精确量取氟喹诺酮类药物标准工作液和苯二氮䓬类药物标准工作液, 用90%乙腈水溶液(含1%甲酸)稀释成0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0 ng/mL 7个水平的混合标准系列溶液, 同时每个水平中的同位素内标含量均为20.0 ng/mL。标准系列溶液临用现配。
提取: 准确称取1.50 g样品(精确至0.01 g), 置于50 mL聚丙烯离心管中, 分别加入150 μL氟喹诺酮类和苯二氮䓬类同位素内标工作液, 静置10 min。加入15 mL 1%甲酸乙腈溶液, 立即涡旋打散肉糜并持续涡旋5 min进行充分提取。在室温条件下, 4500 r/min离心5min, 移取上层清液转移于150 mL鸡心瓶中, 按上述方法重复提取一次, 合并提取液, 40 ℃减压浓缩至干。
净化: 在鸡心瓶中加入3 mL 90%乙腈水溶液(含1%甲酸), 涡旋30 s充分复溶, 将复溶液全量转移至PLS-A小柱中待自然流出, 收集流出的所有净化液于5 mL离心管中, 适当涡旋使其混合均匀, 取其中1 mL过有机滤膜后存于进样瓶中, 待上机测定。
色谱柱: ACQUITY Premier HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm); 进样量: 2 μL; 柱温: 40 ℃; 流速: 0.400 mL/min; 流动相: A相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(含2 mmol/L甲酸铵), B相为甲醇; 梯度洗脱程序: 0~1.0 min, 10% B; 1.0~8.0 min, 98% B; 8.0~10.0 min, 98% B; 10.0~10.1 min, 10% B; 10.1~13.0 min, 10% B。
质谱采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式(electro spray ionization, ESI+), 离子源温度550 ℃, 离子化电压5500 V, 喷雾气(GS1)压力55 psi, 辅助加热气(GS2)压力60 psi, 气帘气(CUR)压力35 psi, 扫描方式为多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM), 6种氟喹诺酮类和4种苯二氮䓬类药物及其对应内标物的质谱参数见表1
分别使用90%乙腈水溶液(含1%甲酸)和按照1.3.4中步骤制得的样品基质液, 按1.3.3步骤, 在不加入同位素内标物的前提下分别配制成溶剂标准系列溶液和基质匹配标准系列溶液, 在获得各曲线K值后, 采用斜率比值法[36]计算样品净化后的基质效应(matrix effect, ME)。ME计算如公式(1):
ME/%=$\left[ \frac{{{K}_{1}}}{{{K}_{2}}}-1 \right]\times 100%$
式中: K1为基质匹配标准曲线的斜率; K2为溶液标准曲线的斜率。
通过Analyst (Version 1.6.3)工作站软件进行数据采集, MultiQuant (Version 3.0.3)软件进行定量定性分析, 通过Office 2021软件对数据进行处理并使用Origin 2018软件进行图形绘制。
在Mass only模式下采用针泵进样方式, 对目标化合物标准物质进行分析, 以确定最佳的离子碎片。所有目标化合物均在ESI+模式下响应较强, 一级碎片主要为[M+H]+形式的准分子离子峰簇。其中, 奥沙西泮一级碎片m/z 287.1所产生的二级碎片主要有m/z 241.1、m/z 269.0、m/z 104.2等, 在质谱中的离子丰度依此递减, 根据已报道的文献[27,37], 通常将m/z 287.1>241.1和m/z 287.1>269.0作为奥沙西泮的定量和定性离子对。但在真实样品分析中发现, 二级碎片m/z 269.0由一级碎片m/z 287.1脱去水分子而成, 存在较强基线噪音, 对低浓度样品的定量定性分析影响较大。而二级碎片m/z 287.1>104.2离子丰度太弱, 同样难以满足分析要求。因奥沙西泮分子结构中含有1个氯原子, 而氯存在35Cl和37Cl两种天然同位素, 丰度比约为3:1, 故对奥沙西泮另一个二级碎片m/z 289.1>243.0进行考察, 其离子丰度和基线噪音均能满足分析要求, 且符合欧盟《Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808》中关于液相色谱-串联质谱法的定性要求。同理对替马西泮及氟喹诺酮类同位素参考物质的二级碎片进行优化, 选择更优离子碎片替代脱水离子碎片。各化合物的详细质谱条件见表1
本研究对比了Kinetex C18和Primer HSS T3两款色谱柱对各目标化合物的保留性能、峰型及离子丰度的影响。由于Primer HSS T3在C18基础上键合极性基团, 可耐受更高比例的水相, 同时对氟喹诺酮类等极性化合物具有更好的反相保留能力, 增强与基质中极性干扰物的分离能力。此外Primer HSS T3在色谱柱内壁进行了钝化处理, 有效降低了氟喹诺酮类药物与色谱柱内壁金属产生的金属配位作用, 在其洗脱时与固定相分离更快, 降低了出峰时的拖尾现象, 改善了定量分析的准确性。因此, 色谱柱选择Primer HSS T3。
本研究考察了乙腈和甲醇两种洗脱溶剂(有机相), 甲醇作为洗脱溶剂时目标化合物保留时间更晚, 峰宽窄且响应强, 原因是甲醇的洗脱能力弱于乙腈, 目标化合物需要更高比例的有机相才能被从固定相上洗脱下来, 而在高比例的有机相下, 化合物在质谱中的离子化效率提升, 因此离子丰度增强。乙腈虽然能使部分化合物之间达到基线分离, 但其强洗脱能力也导致目标化合物从色谱柱上分离过早, 易与极性干扰物共流出, 从而对分析产生干扰。甲醇虽然分离度不足, 但质谱多反应监测模式为独立通道采集数据, 各化合物之间互不干扰, 能够弥补该缺点, 因此甲醇为最优洗脱溶剂。
由于是在ESI+模式下, 通常需要在水相中加入甲酸和缓冲盐增强目标化合物的离子化程度以提高离子丰度。研究对比了0.1%甲酸水、0.1%甲酸水(含2 mmol/L甲酸铵)和0.1%甲酸水(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵)3种水相, 如图1所示, 各目标化合物在不同水相下的离子丰度存在显著差异, 其中氟喹诺酮类及地西泮在含有缓冲盐的水相中能够获得更高的离子丰度, 如培氟沙星其离子丰度可提高92%。但去甲西泮、奥沙西泮、替马西泮在含缓冲盐的水相中离子丰度显著下降, 可能是缓冲盐抑制了其离子化。综合考虑, 环丙沙星和诺氟沙星是所有化合物中离子丰度最弱的2个化合物, 为保证其在样品分析时有足够的离子丰度, 选择0.1%甲酸水(含2 mmol/L甲酸铵)作为流动相的水相使用。
综合优化后的色谱条件, 获得的10种目标化合物标准溶液离子色谱图如图2所示。
氟喹诺酮类药物多为两性化合物, 在中性条件下难溶于甲醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、水等溶剂, 通常需要在酸性或碱性条件下将其离子化才能使其有效溶解, 这也是其标准物质在配制时需要加入甲酸的原因。现有研究表明, 从生物样品中提取喹诺酮类药物需先用甲酸或盐酸对乙腈进行酸化[8]。而苯二氮䓬类药物极性较弱, 易溶于甲醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯等溶剂, 宿书芳等[38]在研究不同有机溶剂的提取效率后, 认为乙腈能使生物基质中的蛋白质变性, 配合高速离心可有效去除样品中蛋白质, 同时无论是酸化乙腈、氨化乙腈以及纯乙腈的提取效率均可达85%以上, 高于其他溶剂且三者提取效率接近, 无显著差异。综合两类目标化合物的提取条件, 最终选择使用1%甲酸乙腈作为样品的提取溶剂。
PLS-A、Lipoclean、HLB-lim和PRiME HLB等SPE小柱是目前应用较广的通过式SPE小柱, 填料多为高分子聚合物, 通过非极性、极性、体积排阻等多种作用力, 在特定比例的乙腈和水溶液下, 对样品中的脂肪、磷脂、色素等多种干扰物进行去除, 达到较好的净化效果, 相较传统C18、HLB、MCX等SPE小柱, 可省去活化、淋洗等步骤, 有效提高预处理效率。结合前期研究[35,38], 苯二氮䓬类药物极性较弱, 乙腈比例过低会导致其被保留在小柱无法有效洗脱, 但纯有机溶剂会使小柱填料失去某些作用力, 反而易造成回收率损失。因此研究使用90%乙腈水、90%乙腈水(含0.1%甲酸)、90%乙腈水(含1.0%甲酸)将目标化合物配制成样液, 按照预处理中净化步骤进行上样, 比较4种小柱过柱后的回收率。如图3所示, 苯二氮䓬类药物在Lipoclean小柱中回收率均不小于93.7%, 高于其他小柱, 但氟喹诺酮类药物在Lipoclean小柱中回收率普遍偏低, 在无甲酸或0.1%甲酸下甚至无法通过小柱。PRiME HLB小柱的回收率也普遍较低, 即便在90%乙腈水(含1.0%甲酸)条件下培氟沙星回收率仅为34.1%, 表明大部分的目标物被小柱截留。HLB-lim小柱和PLS-A小柱均在90%乙腈水(含1.0%甲酸)条件下回收率较好, 各目标化合物回收率均不小于72.2%。此外PLS-A小柱在有甲酸条件下, 氟喹诺酮类药物的回收率均超过了100%, 可能是酸化后的乙腈/水溶液在通过小柱后带出了某些物质, 增强了氟喹诺酮类药物在质谱中的灵敏度。综合4种小柱的回收率情况, 氟喹诺酮类药物的回收率可能跟其离子化程度有关, 酸性增强使其更容易以离子形式通过小柱从而提高回收率, 而苯二氮䓬类药物对复溶液中是否有酸不敏感, 回收率差异不大, 因此90%乙腈水(含1.0%甲酸)为最佳上样溶剂。
考察ME是检验预处理净化效果的主要方法, 通常采用提取后添加法(峰面积比值法)[31]及离子抑制率法(斜率比值法)[36], 由于后者可以考察目标化合物在不同浓度下的整体ME, 因此选择后者作为本次ME考察方法。研究将中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)、棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)、鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)阴性样品参照1.3.7步骤, 分别使用PLS-A、HLB-lim、PRiME HLB小柱制备成基质液, C18小柱按照“活化、上样、淋洗、洗脱”流程同样制备基质液, 再将各基质液配制成基质标准曲线溶液, 经超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析后按公式计算ME。如图4所示, 经PLS-A、HLB-lim、PRiME HLB、C18小柱净化后的ME范围分别为-20.6%~33.8%、-24.2%~35.0%、-22.2%~ 20.9%、-23.4%~31.7%。通常认为ME介于-20%~20%之间, 属较弱ME可以忽略, 超过以上范围则存在较强的基质抑制或基质增强效应。基质增强效应主要出现在诺氟沙星和环丙沙星2个目标化合物上, 且3种通过式SPE小柱和C18小柱均存在基质增强效应, 表明基质增强效应更大概率与目标化合物的理化特性相关。综合结果, 3种通过式SPE小柱的净化效果基本与C18小柱相当。
根据2.3.3中结果, 鳙鱼是5种水产品基质中基质抑制效应最显著的基质, 因此在鳙鱼基质上进行加标验证,加标浓度为10 μg/kg, 净化则分别使用PLS-A、HLB-lim、PRiME HLB、C18小柱进行, 获得的样液与同等浓度的溶剂标准溶液进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析, 通过峰面积比值计算各目标化合物的绝对回收率。结果如图5所示, 在鳙鱼基质中, PRiME HLB净化后的绝对回收率与2.3.2中结果类似, 氟喹诺酮类药物损失较大, 且平行性欠佳。PLS-A和HLB-lim小柱净化后的绝对回收率较好, 各目标化合物绝对回收率均不小于69.8%, 且仅在去甲西泮中略低于C18小柱, 其他化合物中均高于C18小柱, 表明此类通过式SPE小柱有较理想的净化效果。而在10种化合物中, PLS-A小柱有6种绝对回收率优于HLB-lim小柱, 特别是在质谱中离子丰度最弱的环丙沙星, 其在PLS-A小柱净化后有更好的绝对回收率, 这可能是PLS-A小柱的填料为吡咯烷酮修饰的聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯聚合物, 其苯乙烯-二乙烯苯骨架结构通过疏水作用有效截留了脂肪、磷脂、甾醇等, 而通过吡咯烷酮的氢键和偶极作用吸附了色素、有机酸等极性小分子杂质, 其自身孔穴结构又有效排阻了大分子蛋白, 从而获得了更优的净化效果[39-40], 因此选择PLS-A小柱作为方法的最终净化方案。但考虑到PLS-A小柱净化后仍可能导致部分化合物出现基质增强效应, 因此引入同位素内标进一步改善方法的准确性。
根据1.3.3内容, 配制7个水平的混合标准系列溶液, 经超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析后获得目标化合物色谱峰面积及同位素内标色谱峰面积, 以各目标化合物与同位素内标峰面积比值Y为纵坐标, 质量浓度(X, ng/mL)为横坐标, 绘制了10种目标化合物的内标法标准工作曲线。由表2可知, 10种目标化合物在线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数(r)均大于0.998。按照GB/T 27417— 2017《合格评定 化学分析方法确认和验证指南》中相关要求, 以基质减弱效应最强的样品基质为基准, 通过信噪比计算确定本方法的LOD和LOQ, 10种目标化合物的LODs范围为0.15~0.30 μg/kg, LOQs范围为0.5~1.0 μg/kg。鱼、虾基质中6种氟喹诺酮类药物LOQs较文献[29-30,34]低, 鱼基质中地西泮LOQ较文献[38]低, 与文献[35,41]相当。
本研究选择中华鳖、大黄鱼、南美白对虾、棘胸蛙和鳙鱼5种常见的水产品基质作为考察对象, 通过1、10、50 μg/kg 3个水平的加标测试, 以验证本方法的准确性和重现性。根据表3回收率和相对标准偏差结果, 10种目标化合物在5种不同水产品基质中的平均回收率范围为81.5%~109.7%, 相对标准偏差为0.24%~13.22%, 表明方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。
在浙江省内各地养殖场采集了123批次大宗水产品, 包括18批次鳊鱼、20批次大黄鱼、13批次大口黑鲈、2批次乌鳢、55批次鲫鱼、3批次牛蛙、12批次鳙鱼, 将优化后的方法应用于以上样品的检测分析。实验结果表明, 所有样品中均未检出氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星等4种禁用药物, 但有17批次水产品检出恩诺沙星和环丙沙星, 品种包括鳊鱼(4批次)、大黄鱼(1批次)、大口黑鲈(5批次)、乌鳢(1批次)、鲫鱼(4批次)和牛蛙(2批次), 根据GB 31650—2019中规定, 水产品中恩诺沙星和环丙沙星总和不得大于100 μg/kg, 故有3批次大口黑鲈超过了限量标准, 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星总量分别为130、206和207 μg/kg。由于样品来自养殖场, 尚未进入流通环节, 且恩诺沙星和环丙沙星允许在水产养殖中使用, 只要以上水产品在上市前有足够休药期, 可有效避免成为不合格样品。另有1批次鲫鱼检出苯二氮䓬类药物, 地西泮含量为18.5 μg/kg, 去甲西泮含量为1.31 μg/kg, 替马西泮含量为0.510 μg/kg, 根据GB 31650—2019中规定, 地西泮不得在动物源性食品中检出, 因此该鲫鱼为不合格样品。
本研究通过对色谱质谱条件、前处理方法、ME等因素的充分考察, 建立了一种适用于多种水产品基质中6种氟喹诺酮类和4种苯二氮䓬类药物的同时测定方法。该方法基于通过式SPE小柱, 实现了两种极性差异较大的药物的同时净化和测定, 不仅有效降低了水产品中的基质干扰, 还较好地保留了目标化合物, 净化效果与传统C18小柱相当。通过进一步的方法学验证, 该方法灵敏度高、定量准确、稳定性好、操作简单高效, 可用于水产品中两类药物的高通量检测, 为相关标准的修订提供了一定的技术参考, 并为水产品质量监管提供了技术支撑。但该方法尚未考察蟹、贝类基质的影响, 若应用于蟹、贝类等水产品仍需进一步验证, 对于氟喹诺酮类药物存在基质增强效应的情况, 方法预处理过程仍存在改良的空间。
  • 浙江省公益技术研究计划/分析测试项目(LGC20B050007)
  • 浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2023SNJF069)
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250409008
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-09
基金
浙江省公益技术研究计划/分析测试项目(LGC20B050007)
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2023SNJF069)
作者信息
    1 浙江省水产技术推广总站, 杭州 310023
    2 浙江农林大学食品与健康学院, 杭州 311300

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*王扬(1973—), 女, 硕士, 教授级高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量品质检测和安全评价研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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