Article(id=1217529314548040502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250407001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743955200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211209189, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211209189, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211209189, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211209189, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=110, endPage=117, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529315500147592, articleId=1217529314548040502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Rapid determination of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1217529311867883548, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for rapid detection of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on solid-phase extraction purification technology. Methods The samples were ultrasonically extracted with a 0.1% acetic acid-acetonitrile solution and purified using an solid phase extraction column (HMR-Lipid). Separation was achieved on a BEH C18 chromatographic column with 0.1‱ acetic acid in water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The target compounds were ionized in the negative ion mode of electrospray ionization and detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode, with quantification performed using the internal standard method. Factors such as extraction, purification and chromatographic conditions of the target compounds in the samples were optimized. Results The target compounds had good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.5-50.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.23-0.52 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 0.23-1.45 μg/kg. The spiked recoveries ranged from 92.4% to 105.2%, and the precisions were between 0.32% and 7.00%. Conclusion The sample pretreatment could be completed within 15 minutes. This method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive and accurate for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, and is suitable for the detection of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk.

, correspAuthors=Shu-Fen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Pei-Hong WANG, Xiao-Bao WANG, Yan LIU, Xin-Da ZHOU, Tong LU, Ai-Zhi ZHANG, Shu-Fen ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529318763315291, articleId=1217529314548040502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定妥曲珠利等兽药在液态乳中的残留, columnId=1217529312056627244, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 建立基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 结合通过式固相萃取净化技术快速检测妥曲珠利等兽药在液态乳中残留量的方法。方法 样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈溶液超声提取后, 选用通过式固相萃取柱(HMR-Lipid)净化, 以0.1‱乙酸水-乙腈为流动相在BEH C18色谱柱中分离, 目标物在电喷雾负离子模式下电离, 多反应监测模式下检测和分析, 内标法定量。对样品中目标物的提取、净化、色谱条件等关键因素进行了优化。结果 各目标物在0.5~50.0 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性良好, 相关系数均的大于0.999, 检出限为0.23~0.52 μg/kg, 定量限为0.23~1.45 μg/kg, 加标回收率在92.4%~105.2%, 精密度在0.32%~7.00%。结论 该方法实验前处理可控制在15 min内完成, 操作简便、快速、灵敏度高、定性定量准确, 适用于液态乳中妥曲珠利等抗球虫药物残留的快速检测。, correspAuthors=张书芬, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张书芬(1977—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QZ8gGgJIePkR4oITvc3mEQ==, magXml=PiBi1DdrwJVPJ0o9xksX2w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+OriB56qNE3ZL+q/ejO/GQ==, pdfFileSize=2040203, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=SQPxwuNgdYEpRWeKCUDFQQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RHLyh7p4UFPiqM081T1ZQA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

汪佩宏(1989—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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Journal of Chromatography B, 2006, 830(2): 293-300., articleTitle=Standard line slopes as a measure of a relative matrix effect in quantitative HPLC-MS bioanalysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901250620866588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901250629255197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, companyId=1217901250620866588, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901250641838112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, companyId=1217901250620866588, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁波市产品食品质量检验研究院(宁波市纤维检验所), 宁波 315000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901256203485680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of mass spectra before and after improvement, figureFileSmall=2lJV/jQxomKgd1OCeYZRGg==, figureFileBig=HxXaA/fNG7qHpoetXNwV+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256367063549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图1, caption=质谱图改善前后对比

注: (a). 纯水为水相的质谱图; (b). 甲酸等为水相的质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=2lJV/jQxomKgd1OCeYZRGg==, figureFileBig=HxXaA/fNG7qHpoetXNwV+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256463532549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Influence of aqueous phase types, figureFileSmall=tWTWZ0vwWa7A7xXbe552UQ==, figureFileBig=cEP1agYq/xpZXs+2FhfnKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256572584463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图2, caption=水相种类的影响, figureFileSmall=tWTWZ0vwWa7A7xXbe552UQ==, figureFileBig=cEP1agYq/xpZXs+2FhfnKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256748745242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Influence of acetic acid concent, figureFileSmall=RHqvmLEH1XwmuUYIh6XWjw==, figureFileBig=Ooz19f+vCzUnRKXmiJbUJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256845214244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乙酸含量的影响, figureFileSmall=RHqvmLEH1XwmuUYIh6XWjw==, figureFileBig=Ooz19f+vCzUnRKXmiJbUJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901256958460458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Peak shape with acetic acid content of 0.05‱, figureFileSmall=bSJXq3chqDHAtn3mxAaJXQ==, figureFileBig=EBTuO4bWYsYsgy9iZh7Dlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901257054929461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乙酸含量为0.05‱的峰形, figureFileSmall=bSJXq3chqDHAtn3mxAaJXQ==, figureFileBig=EBTuO4bWYsYsgy9iZh7Dlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258384523834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Total ion chromatogram, figureFileSmall=dIOBv693jATMpUiRZ7djlQ==, figureFileBig=gUN4PQziuDsVGAoOY0qMEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258489381442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图5, caption=总离子流图, figureFileSmall=dIOBv693jATMpUiRZ7djlQ==, figureFileBig=gUN4PQziuDsVGAoOY0qMEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258615210573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of mass spectra of 2 kinds of different extractants, figureFileSmall=bv6YohMjQegJB5TZQlaqAA==, figureFileBig=i5xUc17oLUtS9F3+jQ3w2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258858480225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图6, caption=两种提取剂的质谱图对比

注: (a). 以甲醇为提取剂的质谱图; (b). 以乙腈为提取剂的质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=bv6YohMjQegJB5TZQlaqAA==, figureFileBig=i5xUc17oLUtS9F3+jQ3w2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258988503658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Influence of extractant types, figureFileSmall=jNcVI0XphOQZsCsBvcOQHQ==, figureFileBig=/e1gGt1VKNn9MF0QBjqqzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259135304310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图7, caption=提取剂种类的影响, figureFileSmall=jNcVI0XphOQZsCsBvcOQHQ==, figureFileBig=/e1gGt1VKNn9MF0QBjqqzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259244356223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of mass spectra before and after purification, figureFileSmall=oZaVeFXNoYztxwVQR22Bjg==, figureFileBig=gBBlAIHoapvq9onSghdQaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259391156874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=图8, caption=净化前后的质谱图对比

注: (a). 净化前的质谱图; (b). 净化后的质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=oZaVeFXNoYztxwVQR22Bjg==, figureFileBig=gBBlAIHoapvq9onSghdQaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259537957522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mass spectrum parameters

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化合物 锥孔电压/V 碰撞能量/V 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 离子丰度/% 保留时间/min
妥曲珠利 20 0 424.5 424.5* 100 4.03
妥曲珠利砜 20 0 456.4 456.4* 100 3.33
妥曲珠利亚砜 20 18 440.3 371.2* 100 2.64
12 383.1 1.92
地克珠利 20 18 407.2 334.2* 100 3.69
26 335.2 16.1
妥曲珠利-D3 20 0 427.4 427.4* 100 4.02
), ArticleFig(id=1217901259714118306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 锥孔电压/V 碰撞能量/V 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 离子丰度/% 保留时间/min
妥曲珠利 20 0 424.5 424.5* 100 4.03
妥曲珠利砜 20 0 456.4 456.4* 100 3.33
妥曲珠利亚砜 20 18 440.3 371.2* 100 2.64
12 383.1 1.92
地克珠利 20 18 407.2 334.2* 100 3.69
26 335.2 16.1
妥曲珠利-D3 20 0 427.4 427.4* 100 4.02
), ArticleFig(id=1217901259835753125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Linear equations, limits of detection and limits of quantitation

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化合物 线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 相关系数(r2) 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
妥曲珠利 0.5~50.0 Y=0.65866X+0.06097 0.99916 0.44 1.45
妥曲珠利砜 0.5~50.0 Y=0.77734X+0.06909 0.99922 0.40 1.32
妥曲珠利亚砜 0.5~50.0 Y=0.06133X-0.00213 0.99976 0.52 0.52
地克珠利 0.5~50.0 Y=1.49408X+0.10148 0.99958 0.23 0.23
), ArticleFig(id=1217901259974165168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

线性方程、检出限与定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 相关系数(r2) 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
妥曲珠利 0.5~50.0 Y=0.65866X+0.06097 0.99916 0.44 1.45
妥曲珠利砜 0.5~50.0 Y=0.77734X+0.06909 0.99922 0.40 1.32
妥曲珠利亚砜 0.5~50.0 Y=0.06133X-0.00213 0.99976 0.52 0.52
地克珠利 0.5~50.0 Y=1.49408X+0.10148 0.99958 0.23 0.23
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260091605688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Recovery and precision (n=6)

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化合物 本底
/(μg/kg)
添加水平
/(μg/kg)
实测值
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
妥曲珠利 0 2.50 2.60 104.0 4.49
0 25.00 25.90 103.6 3.25
0 100.00 98.00 98.0 0.53
妥曲珠利砜 0 2.50 2.37 94.8 6.19
0 25.00 24.80 99.2 4.77
0 100.00 102.50 102.5 4.03
妥曲珠利亚砜 0 2.50 2.31 92.4 5.48
0 25.00 24.90 99.6 7.00
0 100.00 97.00 97.0 3.09
地克珠利 0 2.50 2.63 105.2 4.40
0 25.00 25.80 103.2 5.17
0 100.00 102.00 102.0 0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260242600638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回收率和精密度(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 本底
/(μg/kg)
添加水平
/(μg/kg)
实测值
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
妥曲珠利 0 2.50 2.60 104.0 4.49
0 25.00 25.90 103.6 3.25
0 100.00 98.00 98.0 0.53
妥曲珠利砜 0 2.50 2.37 94.8 6.19
0 25.00 24.80 99.2 4.77
0 100.00 102.50 102.5 4.03
妥曲珠利亚砜 0 2.50 2.31 92.4 5.48
0 25.00 24.90 99.6 7.00
0 100.00 97.00 97.0 3.09
地克珠利 0 2.50 2.63 105.2 4.40
0 25.00 25.80 103.2 5.17
0 100.00 102.00 102.0 0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260376818379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Investigation of MEs

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化合物 基质标准液浓度/(ng/mL) 溶剂曲线校准
浓度/(ng/mL)
ME/%
(n=3)
妥曲珠利 1.00 1.05 105.0
10.00 10.30 103.0
50.00 52.20 104.4
妥曲珠利砜 1.00 1.07 107.0
10.00 10.60 106.0
50.00 53.90 107.8
妥曲珠利亚砜 1.00 1.02 102.0
10.00 10.20 102.0
50.00 51.80 103.6
地克珠利 1.00 1.07 107.0
10.00 10.80 108.0
50.00 53.20 106.4
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260502647504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529314548040502, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

MEs的考察

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 基质标准液浓度/(ng/mL) 溶剂曲线校准
浓度/(ng/mL)
ME/%
(n=3)
妥曲珠利 1.00 1.05 105.0
10.00 10.30 103.0
50.00 52.20 104.4
妥曲珠利砜 1.00 1.07 107.0
10.00 10.60 106.0
50.00 53.90 107.8
妥曲珠利亚砜 1.00 1.02 102.0
10.00 10.20 102.0
50.00 51.80 103.6
地克珠利 1.00 1.07 107.0
10.00 10.80 108.0
50.00 53.20 106.4
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定妥曲珠利等兽药在液态乳中的残留
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汪佩宏 , 王小宝 , 刘艳 , 周鑫达 , 芦童 , 张爱芝 , 张书芬 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(13): 110-117
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(13): 110-117
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定妥曲珠利等兽药在液态乳中的残留
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汪佩宏 , 王小宝, 刘艳, 周鑫达, 芦童, 张爱芝, 张书芬*
作者信息
  • 宁波市产品食品质量检验研究院(宁波市纤维检验所), 宁波 315000
  • 汪佩宏(1989—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张书芬(1977—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Rapid determination of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Pei-Hong WANG , Xiao-Bao WANG, Yan LIU, Xin-Da ZHOU, Tong LU, Ai-Zhi ZHANG, Shu-Fen ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250407001
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目的 建立基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 结合通过式固相萃取净化技术快速检测妥曲珠利等兽药在液态乳中残留量的方法。方法 样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈溶液超声提取后, 选用通过式固相萃取柱(HMR-Lipid)净化, 以0.1‱乙酸水-乙腈为流动相在BEH C18色谱柱中分离, 目标物在电喷雾负离子模式下电离, 多反应监测模式下检测和分析, 内标法定量。对样品中目标物的提取、净化、色谱条件等关键因素进行了优化。结果 各目标物在0.5~50.0 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内线性良好, 相关系数均的大于0.999, 检出限为0.23~0.52 μg/kg, 定量限为0.23~1.45 μg/kg, 加标回收率在92.4%~105.2%, 精密度在0.32%~7.00%。结论 该方法实验前处理可控制在15 min内完成, 操作简便、快速、灵敏度高、定性定量准确, 适用于液态乳中妥曲珠利等抗球虫药物残留的快速检测。
液态乳  /  抗球虫药  /  固相萃取  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  快速测定

Objective To establish a method for rapid detection of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based on solid-phase extraction purification technology. Methods The samples were ultrasonically extracted with a 0.1% acetic acid-acetonitrile solution and purified using an solid phase extraction column (HMR-Lipid). Separation was achieved on a BEH C18 chromatographic column with 0.1‱ acetic acid in water-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The target compounds were ionized in the negative ion mode of electrospray ionization and detected in multiple reaction monitoring mode, with quantification performed using the internal standard method. Factors such as extraction, purification and chromatographic conditions of the target compounds in the samples were optimized. Results The target compounds had good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.5-50.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.23-0.52 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 0.23-1.45 μg/kg. The spiked recoveries ranged from 92.4% to 105.2%, and the precisions were between 0.32% and 7.00%. Conclusion The sample pretreatment could be completed within 15 minutes. This method is simple, rapid, highly sensitive and accurate for both qualitative and quantitative analysis, and is suitable for the detection of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk.

milk  /  coccidiostat  /  solid-phase extraction  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  rapid determination
汪佩宏, 王小宝, 刘艳, 周鑫达, 芦童, 张爱芝, 张书芬. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定妥曲珠利等兽药在液态乳中的残留. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 110 -117 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250407001
Pei-Hong WANG, Xiao-Bao WANG, Yan LIU, Xin-Da ZHOU, Tong LU, Ai-Zhi ZHANG, Shu-Fen ZHANG. Rapid determination of toltrazuril and other veterinary drug residues in milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 110 -117 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250407001
球虫病是一种由球虫纲寄生在原生动物体内而引起的原虫疾病。该疾病多发于家禽、牛、羊等动物的肠道上皮细胞中, 导致组织损伤、引起脱水和血液损失[1-3]。表征为进食量降低和饲料养分吸收减少, 延缓动物生长, 严重时可导致死亡[4-7], 对养殖业造成不可估量的经济损失。抗球虫药物不论在动物幼崽阶段的预防还是成年后的治疗均有显著的效果。在一众多抗球虫药物中, 妥曲珠利和地克珠利因其广谱、低毒、高效等特性, 被广泛应用于各大饲养场[8-9]。但因其自身代谢周期长, 易在动物体内聚集而通过食物链最终对消费者的身体健康造成潜在危害[10-15]
农业农村部在GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》对地克珠利、妥曲珠利的残留量制定了限值, 其中妥曲珠利在产蛋期和泌乳期禁止使用。目前鸡蛋已纳入日常监管, 但无液态乳相关限值和检测标准, 相关文献报导也极少, 可能存在监管漏洞。
妥曲珠利等药物的检测方法有微生物法[16]、免疫检测法[17]、高效液相色谱法[18-20]、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法[21-27]等。其中, 微生物法、免疫检测法、高效液相色谱法存在无法定量、特异性差、灵敏度不足等问题。高效液相色谱-串联质谱法凭借其高灵敏度、高准确度以及优越的定性定量能力成为兽药残留检测领域最主要的检测方法之一。我国食品安全标准体系中针对妥曲珠利等兽药残留的检测标准有两个: GB 29701—2013《食品安全国家标准 鸡可食性组织中地克珠利残留量的测定 高效液相色谱法》适用于鸡肌肉及其内脏组织、SN/T 2318—2009《中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准 动物源食品中地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利亚砜和妥曲珠利砜残留量的检测高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》适用于鸡、猪、兔等肌肉及其内脏组织以及鸡蛋, 但均未涉及液态乳基质的检测。本研究针对液态乳基质, 对目标物的提取、净化、色谱条件等关键因素进行了优化, 有效提升了检测效率。
为进一步完善相关检测方法, 保障消费者身体健康和权益, 本研究建立了一种基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 用于快速测定液态乳基质中妥曲珠利等兽药的残留, 为有关药物残留检测、风险评估提供技术参考。
实验用液态乳, 市售。
妥曲珠利(toltrazuril, 质量浓度1000 mg/L, CAS号: 69004-03-1)、妥曲珠利砜(toltrazuril sulfone, 质量浓度200 mg/L, CAS号: 69004-04-2)、妥曲珠利亚砜(toltrazuril sulfoxide, 质量浓度200 mg/L, CAS号: 69004-15-5)、地克珠利(diclazuril, 质量浓度100.6 mg/L, CAS号: 101831-37-2)、妥曲珠利-D3 (toltrazuril-D3, 纯度≥98.7%, CAS号: 1353867-75-0)(上海安谱公司); 甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯, 泰国RCI Labscan公司); 甲酸铵、乙酸铵、甲酸和乙酸(色谱纯, 美国ACS恩科化学公司); HMR-Lipid固相萃取柱(300 mg/3 mL, 纳鸥科技公司); 超纯水(电阻率大于等于18.2 MΩ·cm, 美国Millipre公司)。
Acquity UPLC I-Class/XEVO TQ-XS超高效液相-串联质谱仪、BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)(美国Waters公司); ME204E万分之一电子天平(瑞士Mettler Toledo公司); SB-100D超声波清洗机(宁波新芝公司); Multi Reax多点涡旋振荡器(德国Heidolph公司); Sorvall ST16高速离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。
混合标准储备液(10.0 μg/mL): 按不同质量浓度分别移取适量地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜和妥曲珠利亚砜标准物质, 用乙腈定容。-18 ℃避光保存。
内标标准储备液(1.0 mg/mL): 称取适量妥曲珠利-D3标准物质, 用乙腈定容。-18 ℃避光保存。
混合标准工作液: 分别移取上述两种储备液, 用80%乙腈水定容, 配制质量浓度分别为0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、25.0、50.0 ng/mL的系列标准工作溶液, 其中内标质量浓度为5.0 ng/mL。
称取2.0 g左右的样品于25 mL离心管中, 加入8 mL 0.1%乙酸乙腈并充分混匀, 超声5 min。待冷却至室温后4500 r/min离心5 min。移取2~3 mL上清液至HMR-Lipid SPE净化柱净化, 弃去本次全部流出液。再取2~3 mL上清液过柱, 取中间流出液1 mL上机测试。
色谱柱: Waters BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm); 流动相: A为0.1‱乙酸水, B为乙腈; 进样量: 5 μL; 柱温: 40 ℃; 流速: 0.3 mL/min; 梯度洗脱程序: 0~0.5 min, 40% B; 0.5~5.0 min, 40~90% B; 5.0~6.5 min, 90% B; 6.5~7.0 min, 90~40% B; 7.0~8.0 min, 40% B。
电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI-), 多反应检测模式, 毛细管电压2.50 kV, 脱溶剂气流量950 L/Hr, 脱溶剂气温度600 ℃, 离子源温度150 ℃。其他质谱参数见表1
数据采用Waters液质MassLynx V4.2软件处理分析, 数据计算采用WPS office(12.1.0.20784), 绘制图形采用Origin 2018软件, 样品同一实验条件重复测定3次或6次。
流动相的组成和性质对目标物的响应值及色谱峰形起着决定性作用, 是优化色谱分析条件的重要因素之一。本研究采用Waters BEH C18色谱柱, 以乙腈为有机相, 分别考察了纯水、甲酸、乙酸、甲酸铵、乙酸铵及其混合物为水相时目标物响应值和色谱峰形。结果显示, 以纯水作为水相时各目标物峰形较宽且不对称, 更换不同类型色谱柱依然不能解决峰形差的问题, 如图1(a)。当纯水中加入甲酸、乙酸、甲酸铵、乙酸铵及其混合物时均能显著改善峰形, 如图1(b)
不同添加物对目标物响应值差异显著, 添加乙酸时响应值最佳。详细结果见图2
考虑到目标物在负离子模式下电离, 理论上酸的加入一定程度上会抑制离子的产生。继续深入考察乙酸含量与目标物响应值之间的关系。结果显示, 当乙酸在水溶液中的含量逐步降低时, 目标物的响应值呈现出上升的趋势, 如图3。与此同时, 乙酸含量低至0.05‱时, 峰形底部开始变宽, 如图4; 当含量继续降低到0.02‱时, 峰形明显变宽且不对称, 近似以纯水为水相, 参考图1(a)。虽然选择0.05‱乙酸作为水相响应值最佳, 但考虑到实际应用过程中各品牌乙酸质量存在差异, 为了保证本方法的稳定性和重现性, 最终选择0.1‱乙酸水作为水相。
质谱分析实验通用有机相为甲醇和乙腈, 考察了二者的影响。结果显示, 同等条件下, 甲醇和乙腈均能对目标物进行有效的分离, 且峰形良好。其中, 乙腈相对甲醇作为有机相出峰更早、柱压更低, 目标物地克珠利的响应值高约50%。最后确定了采用0.1‱乙酸水与乙腈的组合作为本方法的流动相。
使用仪器数据处理软件MassLynx V4.2中IntelliStart自动调谐功能, 扫描锥孔电压2~100 V、碰撞能量2~80 eV、碎片离子大于40 Da, 初步筛查各目标物的产物离子和最佳调谐参数。过程中发现目标物妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜的产物离子少、丰度低, 此结论与骆春迎等[28]发现一致。其中, 响应值最高的产物离子41.9的相对离子丰度也仅0.6%, 因此, 妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜选择其母离子作为定量离子(同标准SN/T 2318—2009)。总离子流图见图5
通过调研相关文献[21-27], 妥曲珠利等药物残留的提取剂多采用甲醇和乙腈, 结合2.1.1乙酸对目标物响应值的积极影响, 分别考察了提取剂为甲醇、乙腈以及当各自加入适量的乙酸时对目标物提取率的影响。结果表明, 经甲醇提取的样品溶液外观较为混浊, 实验前处理过程中过柱时间长。图6(a)图6(b)分别是甲醇和乙腈为提取剂的质谱图。对比发现, 甲醇为提取剂的质谱图上有几处高响应的杂峰, 可能因此目标物的电离过程受到抑制, 使其响应值不如乙腈。对比发现使用0.1%乙酸乙腈作为提取剂时效果最佳, 其回收率高于其他提取剂4.45%~15.7%。可能是由于适量的酸以及高纯度乙腈均对于液态乳等富含蛋白的基质有较强的沉淀净化效果。各提取剂的提取率见图7
考虑到样品基质为液体, 分别考察了涡旋和超声两种提取方式, 并在5、10、15、20、25和30 min的提取时间条件下, 分别测定了各目标物的实测值。经过对比发现各目标物在不同条件下的提取率较为接近, 未表现出明显的差异。综合考虑效率和操作简便性, 选定超声5 min。
脂肪和蛋白质是液态乳的主要成分, 也是质谱分析的主要干扰源。通过式固相萃取柱直接作用于基质中的杂质, 可实现目标化合物与复杂基质的有效分离, 相较于保留式固相萃取柱有着操作简便、适用范围广、净化效果好的特点。
针对液态乳基质特性选用HMR-Lipid SPE柱净化提取液, 结果令人满意。HMR-Lipid SPE柱在去除提取液中的脂类和大分子蛋白质有着优异的性能。填料中的硅锆多孔吸附剂对脂类有特异性吸附, 完成除脂的同时不影响其他物质的通过。其独特的合成无机孔结构有强亲水性的同时提供了巨大的比表面积, 最大限度地吸附分子量较大的蛋白质分子。
图8(a)图8(b)为净化前后的质谱图。对比发现, 使用HMR-Lipid SPE柱净化后, 图8(a)多处杂峰被明显消除, 显著改善了电离环境, 提升了目标物的灵敏度。对比现有国家测试标准SN/T 2318—2009使用GPC净化, 步骤繁多。本方法净化速度快、效果好, 大幅缩短了测试时间。
以80%乙腈水为溶剂配制4种目标物化合物系列标准溶液上机测试, 以浓度为横轴, 峰面积为纵轴作图。结果显示, 各目标物的浓度与峰面积表现出优异的线性关系, 相关系数均大于0.999。
在分析化学领域检出限和定量限一般由定量离子的信噪比来确定, 其中检出限对应3倍信噪比, 定量限对应10倍信噪比, 但对于妥曲珠利亚砜和地克珠利这类碎片离子丰度较低的化合物, 在低浓度区间定性离子常无响应, 如果仅以定量离子进行定性和定量, 而忽视定性离子, 存在假阳性的风险。欧盟2021/808/EC文件中指出, 高分辨质谱法在离子分析中应获得更多的鉴别点, 以提高分析结果的可靠性和准确性, 减少误判的可能。因此, 本方法中妥曲珠利亚砜和地克珠利选择以定性离子的3倍信噪比确定检出限, 确保妥曲珠利亚砜和地克珠利的定性离子有足够的响应, 定量限与检出限保持一致。妥曲珠利和妥曲珠利砜采的检出限和定量限选用传统方式确定, 即取定量离子的3倍、10倍信噪比。有关参数见表2
在空白样品中分别加入低、中、高3个不同浓度水平的目标物, 进行加标回收实验。每个浓度水平重复实验6次, 通过多次重复测定所获得的数据, 计算相对标准偏差, 考察方法的精密度。测得各目标物化合物平均回收率为92.4%~105.2%, 相对标准偏差为0.32%~7.00%。结果均符合方法学要求。具体结果见表3
基质效应(matrix effect, ME)在液质分析中是一个不可忽略的因素[29-30]。通过对比空白基质提取液与纯溶剂中目标物质量浓度差异程度的方式来评估ME。其计算公式为: ME=Y/X×100%, 式中: YX分别对应基质提取液、纯溶剂中目标物的平均质量浓度。分别用灭菌乳、巴氏杀菌乳、调制乳、发酵乳等液态乳的基质提取液配制低中高3组不同质量浓度的基质标准液, 用80%乙腈溶液配制的标准系列工作曲线来校准计算得各组基质标准液的质量浓度。结果测得4种化合物的3个浓度范围为1.02~1.07 ng/mL、10.2~10.8 ng/mL、51.8~53.9 ng/mL, ME均在90~110%范围内。因此, 本方法无明显的ME。具体数据见表4
应用本方法对从市售的20批次不同品牌液态乳进行测试, 其中一批次的妥曲珠利砜检出, 含量为4.6 mg/kg, 其余均未检出。表明液态乳中可能存在妥曲珠利残留的风险。
本研究基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 联合使用通过式固相萃取净化技术, 对色谱和提取等条件进行优化, 建立了一种快速测定液态乳中妥曲珠利等兽药残留量的检测方法。针对液态乳中蛋白质和脂肪含量高的问题, 选用特定的通过式固相萃取柱(HMR-Lipid), 可有效去除提取液中由残留的蛋白质和脂肪带来的干扰。该方法前处理过程简便快捷、回收率高、稳定性强、定性定量准确。经方法学验证, 各项指标均满足目标化合物定性定量检测要求, 为监管部门提供了技术支撑。
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250407001
  • 接收时间:2025-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07
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    宁波市产品食品质量检验研究院(宁波市纤维检验所), 宁波 315000

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*张书芬(1977—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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