Article(id=1217529313864368898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741536000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211209026, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211209026, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211209026, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211209026, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=162, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529314837447502, articleId=1217529313864368898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Rapid identification of the chemical components in Wogam peel by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry, columnId=1217529307778438039, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To rapidly identify the chemical components in the peel of Wogam by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) in combination with various data analysis methods. Methods The samples were separated by Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm) chromatographic column using solution A (0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile) and solution B (0.1% formic acid-water) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. In the positive and negative ion mode, the electrical spray ion source was used to collect the signals of various chemical components in the peel of Wogam by means of one-step full scanning and two-stage ion scanning. Based on the high-resolution mass spectrometry data of traditional Chinese medicine components in the Trace Finder software and the screening network database of Compound Discoverer 3.2 software, the identification of chemical components were carried out by comparing the recognition of primary ions, major secondary ions, and other factors of the sample, as well as combining the possible cleavage pathways of the compound and consulting relevant literature reports. Through comprehensive analysis and judgment, the components were determined. Results Through literature review and comparison with high-resolution mass spectrometry data and databases, as well as compound analysis, a total of 52 compounds belonging to 11 categories were identified from the peel of Wogam, including 1 aldehyde, 5 organic acids, 2 alkaloids, 5 terpenes, 1 ketone, 7 phenylpropanoids, 2 coumarins, 1 nucleoside, 26 flavonoids, 1 anthraquinone, and 1 lignan. Conclusion The application of UPLC-QE-MS technology, combined with relevant databases and literature, enables the analysis of the chemical components of the peel of Wogam, providing a basis for the industrial development of Wogam peel.

, correspAuthors=Jun-Liang LV, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu DENG, Jun-Liang LV), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529318561988672, articleId=1217529313864368898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴定沃柑果皮的化学成分, columnId=1217529307954598811, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry, UPLC-QE-MS)结合多种数据解析方式对沃柑果皮化学成分进行快速鉴定。方法 样品采用Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm)色谱柱分离, 在流动相A (0.1%甲酸-乙腈)和流动相B (0.1%甲酸-水)中进行梯度洗脱; 以电喷雾离子源在正负离子模式下, 通过一级全扫描和二级离子扫描的方式采集沃柑果皮各化学成分信号。根据仪器软件Trace Finder中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据及Compound Discoverer3.2软件筛查网络数据库与样品的一级离子、主要二级离子等相识度对比、并结合化合物可能裂解途径及查阅相关文献报道等多种方式对化学成分进行鉴定, 综合分析判断, 确定成分。结果 通过查阅文献及高分辨质谱数据与数据库比较, 化合物解析等方式从沃柑果皮中鉴定出11类共52个化合物, 其中: 醛类1个, 有机酸类5个, 生物碱类2个, 萜类5个, 酮类1个, 苯丙素类7个, 香豆素类2个, 核苷类1个, 黄酮类26个, 蒽醌类1个, 木脂素类1个。结论 应用UPLC-QE-MS技术, 结合相关数据库以及文献可实现沃柑果皮化学成分分析, 为沃柑果皮产业化发展提供基础研究。

, correspAuthors=吕俊良, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吕俊良(1989—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为药品检验研究。E-mail:
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邓瑜(1985—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验研究。E-mail:

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邓瑜(1985—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025, 16(4): 264-271., articleTitle=Rapid identification of the components in Liubao tea based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901254873895482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901254878089786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, companyId=1217901254873895482, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Baise Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Baise 533000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901254886478396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, companyId=1217901254873895482, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=百色市食品药品检验所, 百色 533000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901256912327393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion chromatogram of Wogam peel, figureFileSmall=wi8rIpFtJb5Nhqo4WezfAg==, figureFileBig=NrMnup31VuDdIJ2gdTEdWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901257050739443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图1, caption=沃柑果皮的总离子流图

注: A. 正离子; B. 负离子。

, figureFileSmall=wi8rIpFtJb5Nhqo4WezfAg==, figureFileBig=NrMnup31VuDdIJ2gdTEdWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258539717376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Secondary mass spectrum of hesperetin, figureFileSmall=hsr9kK+yy7rp/MzRSGtv4Q==, figureFileBig=7g3zvbiOvubnItpZTqPhuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258694906628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图2, caption=橙皮素的二级质谱图, figureFileSmall=hsr9kK+yy7rp/MzRSGtv4Q==, figureFileBig=7g3zvbiOvubnItpZTqPhuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258808152844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Cleavage pathway of hesperetin, figureFileSmall=p7/R+VaQGZK1FWg5QBHNnQ==, figureFileBig=vKvPbVJ15UenTiPK6EAzMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258933981974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图3, caption=橙皮素的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=p7/R+VaQGZK1FWg5QBHNnQ==, figureFileBig=vKvPbVJ15UenTiPK6EAzMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259068199717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Secondary mass spectrum of eleutheroside B, figureFileSmall=zslq2LJ/6VZnf+zgMFrdLw==, figureFileBig=4FoCe2T+rut0L0Unk81Egg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259185640244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图4, caption=刺五加苷B的二级质谱图, figureFileSmall=zslq2LJ/6VZnf+zgMFrdLw==, figureFileBig=4FoCe2T+rut0L0Unk81Egg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259298886460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cleavage pathway of eleutheroside B, figureFileSmall=ClmoDoidYr+QJfnWX1AmFw==, figureFileBig=ObhyRvuic0aNICEmXWjzlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259416326983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图5, caption=刺五加苷B的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=ClmoDoidYr+QJfnWX1AmFw==, figureFileBig=ObhyRvuic0aNICEmXWjzlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259542156109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Secondary mass spectrum of sinapic acid, figureFileSmall=yOfipAZg8kjdRI8PAFSpmQ==, figureFileBig=xfyCJJCi/k+jiAtQpdqOJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259705733976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图6, caption=芥子酸的二级质谱图, figureFileSmall=yOfipAZg8kjdRI8PAFSpmQ==, figureFileBig=xfyCJJCi/k+jiAtQpdqOJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259831563101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Cleavage pathway of sinapic acid, figureFileSmall=cD35oSCel+bxmxduxKNm3A==, figureFileBig=KI5J/CoXKPVjIs75rnxdWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259957392226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图7, caption=芥子酸的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=cD35oSCel+bxmxduxKNm3A==, figureFileBig=KI5J/CoXKPVjIs75rnxdWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901260095804268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig 8, caption=Secondary mass spectrum of perillene, figureFileSmall=BDKeKSTYnyObLWMmvMz3+g==, figureFileBig=tVGs8SUSy8pz0W/LSSZIaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901260213244785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图8, caption=紫苏烯的二级质谱图, figureFileSmall=BDKeKSTYnyObLWMmvMz3+g==, figureFileBig=tVGs8SUSy8pz0W/LSSZIaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901260364239739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Cleavage pathway of perillene, figureFileSmall=ZvC3mt/srbG7W3dA8i9lCg==, figureFileBig=fcfNodg8eSjnbda5oVBo5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901260527817607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=图9, caption=紫苏烯的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=ZvC3mt/srbG7W3dA8i9lCg==, figureFileBig=fcfNodg8eSjnbda5oVBo5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901260678812559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) A/% B/%
0.0 0.4 5 95
2.0 0.4 5 95
42.0 0.4 95 5
46.9 0.4 95 5
47.0 0.4 5 95
50.0 0.4 5 95
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260817224598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) A/% B/%
0.0 0.4 5 95
2.0 0.4 5 95
42.0 0.4 95 5
46.9 0.4 95 5
47.0 0.4 5 95
50.0 0.4 5 95
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260947248028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Identification results of Wogam peel based on UPLC-QE-MS technique

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 保留时间/min 分子式 理论值
(m/z)
实测值
(m/z)
质荷比偏差
/ppm
二级离子 模式 化合物名称 化合物类型
1 0.75 C6H6O3 127.03897 127.03893 -0.3 81.03387 109.02849 M+H 5-羟甲基糠醛 醛类
2 0.81 C6H13NO2 132.10191 132.10178 -1.0 69.07038 86.09673 M+H L-亮氨酸 有机酸类
3 0.75 C7H13NO2 144.10191 144.10188 -0.2 102.05511 84.08109 M+H 水苏碱 生物碱类
4 10.13 C10H14O 151.11174 151.11154 -1.3 105.06999 133.10106 M+H 紫苏烯 萜类
5 7.40 C10H10O2 163.07536 163.07527 -0.6 107.04945 135.08008 M+H 5-羟基-1-四氢萘酮 酮类
6 3.60 C9H8O3 165.05462 165.05461 -0.1 91.05455 119.04921 M+H 对香豆酸 苯丙素类
7 1.08 C9H11NO2 166.08626 166.08618 -0.5 120.08076 149.05962 M+H L-苯丙氨酸 有机酸类
8 0.75 C9H13NO2 168.10191 168.10176 -0.9 150.09113 91.05445 M+H 辛弗林 生物碱类
9 8.00 C10H8O3 177.05462 177.05447 -0.8 121.06467 149.05957 M+H 7-甲氧基香豆素 香豆素类
10 17.43 C10H10O3 179.07027 179.07011 -0.9 161.05962 147.04393 M+H 阿魏醛 苯丙素类
11 4.96 C10H10O4 195.06519 195.06503 -0.8 145.02831 117.03355 M+H 阿魏酸 苯丙素类
12 4.96 C10H10O4 195.06519 195.06503 -0.8 117.03355 163.03879 M+H 异阿魏酸 苯丙素类
13 2.02 C11H12N2O2 205.09715 205.09708 -0.3 118.06517 146.05986 M+H L-色氨酸 有机酸类
14 8.93 C12H14O3 207.10157 207.10123 -1.6 161.05962 133.06473 M+H 对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯 苯丙素类
15 19.94 C15H22O 219.17434 219.17407 -1.2 163.11147 81.07026 M+H 诺卡酮 萜类
16 10.83 C12H14O4 223.09649 223.09621 -1.3 145.02855 177.05434 M+H 阿魏酸乙酯 苯丙素类
17 5.77 C11H12O5 225.07575 225.07486 -4.0 175.03869 119.04912 M+H 芥子酸 有机酸类
18 9.31 C15H22O2 235.16926 235.16875 -2.2 189.16348 199.14760 M+H 莪术烯醇 萜类
19 7.46 C15H18O3 247.13287 247.13243 -1.8 187.11136 131.08539 M+H 阿格拉宾 萜类
20 0.83 C10H13N5O4 268.10403 268.10342 -2.3 136.06155 85.02856 M+H 腺苷 ‌核苷类
21 22.00 C18H30O2 279.23186 279.23117 -2.5 95.08569 67.05477 M+H α-亚麻酸 有机酸类
22 11.78 C16H14O5 287.09140 287.09079 -2.1 161.05946 153.01801 M+H 异樱花素 黄酮类
23 8.00 C15H10O7 303.04993 303.04922 -2.3 153.01797 165.01825 M+H 槲皮素 黄酮类
24 9.85 C16H14O6 303.08631 303.08545 -2.8 219.06479 177.05440 M+H 橙皮素 黄酮类
25 2.55 C15H16O8 325.09179 325.09128 -1.6 163.03883 107.04933 M+H 茵芋苷 香豆素类
26 14.40 C17H14O7 329.06668 329.06482 -5.7 271.02319 199.03812 M-H 棕矢车菊素 黄酮类
14.38 C17H14O7 331.08123 331.08038 -2.6 288.06146 168.00499 M+H
27 16.64 C18H16O7 343.08233 343.08118 -3.4 313.03436 298.01077 M-H 异泽兰黄素 黄酮类
16.63 C18H16O7 345.09688 345.09637 -1.5 330.07245 169.01282 M+H
28 17.35 C19H18O6 343.11761 343.11697 -1.9 313.06964 285.07489 M+H 6-去甲氧基桔皮素 黄酮类
29 3.29 C16H22O8 360.16529 360.16483 -1.3 163.07523 131.04915 M+NH4 松柏苷 黄酮类
30 16.26 C20H20O7 373.12818 373.12741 -2.1 343.08017 315.08530 M+H 异橙黄酮 黄酮类
31 16.26 C20H20O7 373.12818 373.12741 -2.1 343.08017 151.03885 M+H 甜橙黄酮 黄酮类
32 18.52 C19H18O8 375.10744 375.10651 -2.5 271.05865 317.06415 M+H 金腰乙素 黄酮类
33 18.81 C20H20O8 389.12309 389.12238 -1.8 285.07431 359.07483 M+H 去甲基川陈皮素 黄酮类
34 5.04 C17H24O9 390.17586 390.17514 -1.8 193.08565 161.05950 M+NH4 刺五加苷B 苯丙素类
35 16.95 C21H22O8 403.13874 403.13806 -1.7 373.09061 357.05878 M+H 川陈皮素 黄酮类
36 9.18 C21H20O10 433.11292 433.11206 -2.0 313.06970 283.05942 M+H 异牡荆素 黄酮类
37 9.18 C21H20O10 433.11292 433.11206 -2.0 165.01750 313.06970 M+H 牡荆素 黄酮类
38 8.29 C21H20O11 447.09328 447.09219 -2.4 357.06076 327.05008 M-H 异荭草素 黄酮类
8.31 C21H20O11 449.10784 449.1069 -2.1 329.06442 299.05396 M+H
39 8.29 C21H20O11 447.09328 447.09219 -2.4 213.05403 327.05008 M-H 荭草苷 黄酮类
8.31 C21H20O11 449.10784 449.10690 -2.1 329.06442 353.06439 M+H
40 9.44 C22H22O11 461.10893 461.10770 -2.7 283.02417 341.06494 M-H 高车前苷 黄酮类
41 7.21 C26H30O8 471.20134 471.20035 -2.1 161.05946 279.13715 M+H 柠檬苦素 萜类
42 9.78 C23H24O12 491.11950 491.11847 -2.1 476.09537 313.03452 M-H 橙黄决明素-6-O-葡萄糖苷 蒽醌类
9.79 C23H24O12 493.13405 493.13281 -2.5 331.08096 298.04678 M+H
43 8.39 C26H32O11 538.22829 538.22754 -1.4 175.07515 137.05956 M+NH4 松脂醇-4-O-葡萄糖苷 木脂素类
44 9.10 C27H32O14 579.17193 579.17035 -2.7 459.11398 271.06036 M-H 柚皮苷 黄酮类
9.09 C27H32O14 581.18648 581.18597 -0.9 273.07486 195.02840 M+H
45 8.08 C26H28O15 581.15010 581.14929 -1.4 287.05307 329.06467 M+H 堪非醇-3-O-桑布双糖苷 黄酮类
46 11.79 C28H34O14 593.18758 593.18555 -3.4 327.08627 285.07547 M-H 香蜂草苷 黄酮类
11.78 C28H34O14 595.20213 595.20166 -0.8 287.09052 153.01801 M+H
47 7.19 C27H30O15 593.15119 593.15009 -1.9 383.07617 473.10675 M-H 维采宁II 黄酮类
7.21 C27H30O15 595.16575 595.16479 -1.6 379.08060 457.11130 M+H
48 6.69 C27H30O16 609.14611 609.14514 -1.6 327.04941 429.08069 M-H 荭草素-2’’-O-β-L-半乳糖苷 黄酮类
6.70 C27H30O16 611.16066 611.16010 -0.9 329.06503 413.08401 M+H
49 9.86 C28H34O15 609.18249 609.18182 -1.1 301.07047 257.08099 M-H 橙皮苷 黄酮类
9.85 C28H34O15 611.19705 611.19647 -0.9 303.08536 245.04379 M+H
50 9.06 C29H34O15 623.19705 623.19580 -2.0 315.08533 300.06198 M+H 大蓟苷 黄酮类
51 10.94 C29H36O15 625.21270 625.21216 -0.9 245.04378 317.10098 M+H 甲基橙皮苷 黄酮类
52 8.08 C33H40O19 741.22366 741.22278 -1.2 271.05933 313.06967 M+H 芹菜素-7-O-(2G-鼠李糖)龙胆糖苷 黄酮类
), ArticleFig(id=1217901261094048679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313864368898, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于UPLC-QE-MS技术分析的沃柑果皮鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 保留时间/min 分子式 理论值
(m/z)
实测值
(m/z)
质荷比偏差
/ppm
二级离子 模式 化合物名称 化合物类型
1 0.75 C6H6O3 127.03897 127.03893 -0.3 81.03387 109.02849 M+H 5-羟甲基糠醛 醛类
2 0.81 C6H13NO2 132.10191 132.10178 -1.0 69.07038 86.09673 M+H L-亮氨酸 有机酸类
3 0.75 C7H13NO2 144.10191 144.10188 -0.2 102.05511 84.08109 M+H 水苏碱 生物碱类
4 10.13 C10H14O 151.11174 151.11154 -1.3 105.06999 133.10106 M+H 紫苏烯 萜类
5 7.40 C10H10O2 163.07536 163.07527 -0.6 107.04945 135.08008 M+H 5-羟基-1-四氢萘酮 酮类
6 3.60 C9H8O3 165.05462 165.05461 -0.1 91.05455 119.04921 M+H 对香豆酸 苯丙素类
7 1.08 C9H11NO2 166.08626 166.08618 -0.5 120.08076 149.05962 M+H L-苯丙氨酸 有机酸类
8 0.75 C9H13NO2 168.10191 168.10176 -0.9 150.09113 91.05445 M+H 辛弗林 生物碱类
9 8.00 C10H8O3 177.05462 177.05447 -0.8 121.06467 149.05957 M+H 7-甲氧基香豆素 香豆素类
10 17.43 C10H10O3 179.07027 179.07011 -0.9 161.05962 147.04393 M+H 阿魏醛 苯丙素类
11 4.96 C10H10O4 195.06519 195.06503 -0.8 145.02831 117.03355 M+H 阿魏酸 苯丙素类
12 4.96 C10H10O4 195.06519 195.06503 -0.8 117.03355 163.03879 M+H 异阿魏酸 苯丙素类
13 2.02 C11H12N2O2 205.09715 205.09708 -0.3 118.06517 146.05986 M+H L-色氨酸 有机酸类
14 8.93 C12H14O3 207.10157 207.10123 -1.6 161.05962 133.06473 M+H 对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯 苯丙素类
15 19.94 C15H22O 219.17434 219.17407 -1.2 163.11147 81.07026 M+H 诺卡酮 萜类
16 10.83 C12H14O4 223.09649 223.09621 -1.3 145.02855 177.05434 M+H 阿魏酸乙酯 苯丙素类
17 5.77 C11H12O5 225.07575 225.07486 -4.0 175.03869 119.04912 M+H 芥子酸 有机酸类
18 9.31 C15H22O2 235.16926 235.16875 -2.2 189.16348 199.14760 M+H 莪术烯醇 萜类
19 7.46 C15H18O3 247.13287 247.13243 -1.8 187.11136 131.08539 M+H 阿格拉宾 萜类
20 0.83 C10H13N5O4 268.10403 268.10342 -2.3 136.06155 85.02856 M+H 腺苷 ‌核苷类
21 22.00 C18H30O2 279.23186 279.23117 -2.5 95.08569 67.05477 M+H α-亚麻酸 有机酸类
22 11.78 C16H14O5 287.09140 287.09079 -2.1 161.05946 153.01801 M+H 异樱花素 黄酮类
23 8.00 C15H10O7 303.04993 303.04922 -2.3 153.01797 165.01825 M+H 槲皮素 黄酮类
24 9.85 C16H14O6 303.08631 303.08545 -2.8 219.06479 177.05440 M+H 橙皮素 黄酮类
25 2.55 C15H16O8 325.09179 325.09128 -1.6 163.03883 107.04933 M+H 茵芋苷 香豆素类
26 14.40 C17H14O7 329.06668 329.06482 -5.7 271.02319 199.03812 M-H 棕矢车菊素 黄酮类
14.38 C17H14O7 331.08123 331.08038 -2.6 288.06146 168.00499 M+H
27 16.64 C18H16O7 343.08233 343.08118 -3.4 313.03436 298.01077 M-H 异泽兰黄素 黄酮类
16.63 C18H16O7 345.09688 345.09637 -1.5 330.07245 169.01282 M+H
28 17.35 C19H18O6 343.11761 343.11697 -1.9 313.06964 285.07489 M+H 6-去甲氧基桔皮素 黄酮类
29 3.29 C16H22O8 360.16529 360.16483 -1.3 163.07523 131.04915 M+NH4 松柏苷 黄酮类
30 16.26 C20H20O7 373.12818 373.12741 -2.1 343.08017 315.08530 M+H 异橙黄酮 黄酮类
31 16.26 C20H20O7 373.12818 373.12741 -2.1 343.08017 151.03885 M+H 甜橙黄酮 黄酮类
32 18.52 C19H18O8 375.10744 375.10651 -2.5 271.05865 317.06415 M+H 金腰乙素 黄酮类
33 18.81 C20H20O8 389.12309 389.12238 -1.8 285.07431 359.07483 M+H 去甲基川陈皮素 黄酮类
34 5.04 C17H24O9 390.17586 390.17514 -1.8 193.08565 161.05950 M+NH4 刺五加苷B 苯丙素类
35 16.95 C21H22O8 403.13874 403.13806 -1.7 373.09061 357.05878 M+H 川陈皮素 黄酮类
36 9.18 C21H20O10 433.11292 433.11206 -2.0 313.06970 283.05942 M+H 异牡荆素 黄酮类
37 9.18 C21H20O10 433.11292 433.11206 -2.0 165.01750 313.06970 M+H 牡荆素 黄酮类
38 8.29 C21H20O11 447.09328 447.09219 -2.4 357.06076 327.05008 M-H 异荭草素 黄酮类
8.31 C21H20O11 449.10784 449.1069 -2.1 329.06442 299.05396 M+H
39 8.29 C21H20O11 447.09328 447.09219 -2.4 213.05403 327.05008 M-H 荭草苷 黄酮类
8.31 C21H20O11 449.10784 449.10690 -2.1 329.06442 353.06439 M+H
40 9.44 C22H22O11 461.10893 461.10770 -2.7 283.02417 341.06494 M-H 高车前苷 黄酮类
41 7.21 C26H30O8 471.20134 471.20035 -2.1 161.05946 279.13715 M+H 柠檬苦素 萜类
42 9.78 C23H24O12 491.11950 491.11847 -2.1 476.09537 313.03452 M-H 橙黄决明素-6-O-葡萄糖苷 蒽醌类
9.79 C23H24O12 493.13405 493.13281 -2.5 331.08096 298.04678 M+H
43 8.39 C26H32O11 538.22829 538.22754 -1.4 175.07515 137.05956 M+NH4 松脂醇-4-O-葡萄糖苷 木脂素类
44 9.10 C27H32O14 579.17193 579.17035 -2.7 459.11398 271.06036 M-H 柚皮苷 黄酮类
9.09 C27H32O14 581.18648 581.18597 -0.9 273.07486 195.02840 M+H
45 8.08 C26H28O15 581.15010 581.14929 -1.4 287.05307 329.06467 M+H 堪非醇-3-O-桑布双糖苷 黄酮类
46 11.79 C28H34O14 593.18758 593.18555 -3.4 327.08627 285.07547 M-H 香蜂草苷 黄酮类
11.78 C28H34O14 595.20213 595.20166 -0.8 287.09052 153.01801 M+H
47 7.19 C27H30O15 593.15119 593.15009 -1.9 383.07617 473.10675 M-H 维采宁II 黄酮类
7.21 C27H30O15 595.16575 595.16479 -1.6 379.08060 457.11130 M+H
48 6.69 C27H30O16 609.14611 609.14514 -1.6 327.04941 429.08069 M-H 荭草素-2’’-O-β-L-半乳糖苷 黄酮类
6.70 C27H30O16 611.16066 611.16010 -0.9 329.06503 413.08401 M+H
49 9.86 C28H34O15 609.18249 609.18182 -1.1 301.07047 257.08099 M-H 橙皮苷 黄酮类
9.85 C28H34O15 611.19705 611.19647 -0.9 303.08536 245.04379 M+H
50 9.06 C29H34O15 623.19705 623.19580 -2.0 315.08533 300.06198 M+H 大蓟苷 黄酮类
51 10.94 C29H36O15 625.21270 625.21216 -0.9 245.04378 317.10098 M+H 甲基橙皮苷 黄酮类
52 8.08 C33H40O19 741.22366 741.22278 -1.2 271.05933 313.06967 M+H 芹菜素-7-O-(2G-鼠李糖)龙胆糖苷 黄酮类
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超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴定沃柑果皮的化学成分
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邓瑜 , 吕俊良 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(13): 162-169
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(13): 162-169
超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴定沃柑果皮的化学成分
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邓瑜 , 吕俊良*
作者信息
  • 百色市食品药品检验所, 百色 533000
  • 邓瑜(1985—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*吕俊良(1989—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为药品检验研究。E-mail:
Rapid identification of the chemical components in Wogam peel by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry
Yu DENG , Jun-Liang LV*
Affiliations
  • Baise Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Baise 533000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310001
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目的 采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry, UPLC-QE-MS)结合多种数据解析方式对沃柑果皮化学成分进行快速鉴定。方法 样品采用Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm)色谱柱分离, 在流动相A (0.1%甲酸-乙腈)和流动相B (0.1%甲酸-水)中进行梯度洗脱; 以电喷雾离子源在正负离子模式下, 通过一级全扫描和二级离子扫描的方式采集沃柑果皮各化学成分信号。根据仪器软件Trace Finder中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据及Compound Discoverer3.2软件筛查网络数据库与样品的一级离子、主要二级离子等相识度对比、并结合化合物可能裂解途径及查阅相关文献报道等多种方式对化学成分进行鉴定, 综合分析判断, 确定成分。结果 通过查阅文献及高分辨质谱数据与数据库比较, 化合物解析等方式从沃柑果皮中鉴定出11类共52个化合物, 其中: 醛类1个, 有机酸类5个, 生物碱类2个, 萜类5个, 酮类1个, 苯丙素类7个, 香豆素类2个, 核苷类1个, 黄酮类26个, 蒽醌类1个, 木脂素类1个。结论 应用UPLC-QE-MS技术, 结合相关数据库以及文献可实现沃柑果皮化学成分分析, 为沃柑果皮产业化发展提供基础研究。

沃柑果皮  /  超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法  /  化学成分

Objective To rapidly identify the chemical components in the peel of Wogam by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) in combination with various data analysis methods. Methods The samples were separated by Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm) chromatographic column using solution A (0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile) and solution B (0.1% formic acid-water) as the mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. In the positive and negative ion mode, the electrical spray ion source was used to collect the signals of various chemical components in the peel of Wogam by means of one-step full scanning and two-stage ion scanning. Based on the high-resolution mass spectrometry data of traditional Chinese medicine components in the Trace Finder software and the screening network database of Compound Discoverer 3.2 software, the identification of chemical components were carried out by comparing the recognition of primary ions, major secondary ions, and other factors of the sample, as well as combining the possible cleavage pathways of the compound and consulting relevant literature reports. Through comprehensive analysis and judgment, the components were determined. Results Through literature review and comparison with high-resolution mass spectrometry data and databases, as well as compound analysis, a total of 52 compounds belonging to 11 categories were identified from the peel of Wogam, including 1 aldehyde, 5 organic acids, 2 alkaloids, 5 terpenes, 1 ketone, 7 phenylpropanoids, 2 coumarins, 1 nucleoside, 26 flavonoids, 1 anthraquinone, and 1 lignan. Conclusion The application of UPLC-QE-MS technology, combined with relevant databases and literature, enables the analysis of the chemical components of the peel of Wogam, providing a basis for the industrial development of Wogam peel.

Wogam peel  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry  /  chemical component
邓瑜, 吕俊良. 超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法快速鉴定沃柑果皮的化学成分. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 162 -169 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310001
Yu DENG, Jun-Liang LV. Rapid identification of the chemical components in Wogam peel by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 162 -169 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310001
沃柑是以色列研发的‘坦普尔’橘橙与‘丹西’红橘杂交的晚熟柑桔品种[1], 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所于2004年从韩国济州试验场引进[2], 并于2012年引进广西[3], 进而成为我国最大的沃柑产区[4], 种植面积与产量均列全国第一[5-6]。这得益于众多专家、学者、技术开发人员与推广者种植者的共同努力, 使得沃柑在嫁接[7]、增产[8]、品质提升[9-12]、防病害[13-15]、保鲜[16-19]等方面得到全面提升, 目前“武鸣沃柑”已通过国家标准审核[20], 并位列“2024 中国品牌价值评价”区域品牌百强榜的第17位[21]。为了确保产品质量安全, 何京明等[22], 陈丽香等[23], 朱玉连等[24]以各种检测方法检测不同的农药残留。为了使产品多样化, 目前已开发的制品有罐头、果汁、蜜饯、果酒等[25]。而制品在加工过程中会产生大量的果皮, 可占到果实质量的25%~40%[26], 绝大多数被直接丢弃或填埋, 给生态环境造成极大压力[27]
目前, 对沃柑皮高值化利用的研究仅限于从中提取香精油或果胶[28], 由于精油中含有有利于畜禽养殖的活性化合物[29]而应用于畜禽饲料生产[30], 果胶常被应用于食品、医药、日化及纺织等领域[31-34]。虽然也有专家学者对沃柑果皮中挥发性成分进行研究[9,30,35], 但由于地理位置、环境条件、生产方式不同, 不同产地沃柑的特有生物活性成分具有差异, 果肉与果皮之间的生物活性成分也有差异[36], 即使同一颗果树, 不同时期采摘的沃柑, 其成分也发生变化[37]。所以, 为了及时对沃柑果皮进行分析, 参考相关研究学者[38-39]的思路, 本研究拟运用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry, UPLC-QE-MS)技术, 对沃柑果皮中主要的化学成分进行快速分析, 为其产品开发提供基础研究。
U3000-Q-Exactive超高压液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪、Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm)(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); LS320M电子分析天平(感量0.001 g, 上海天美天平仪器有限公司); KQ-800DB型超声波清洗器(江苏昆山市超声仪器有限公司); IQ 7000超纯水仪(默克密理博公司); DFT-100A高速手提式粉碎机(温岭市林大机械有限公司)。
样品为南宁、桂林、柳州不同产地采集的沃柑果皮。
甲醇、乙腈、甲酸(色谱级, 德国默克公司); 水为IQ 7000超纯水仪制备的水, 符合GB/T 6682—2008《分析实验室用水规格和试验方法》规定的一级水。
取沃柑果皮适量, 以粉碎机粉碎。取样品5.0 g, 精密称定, 置三角锥形瓶中, 精密加入25 mL甲醇, 称定重量, 超声提取(500 W, 30 kHz) 30 min; 放冷至室温, 补足重量, 移取提取液至50 mL离心管中, 4000 r/min离心3 min, 取上清液, 过0.22 μm微孔滤膜, 待测。
以Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD AQ (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.9 μm)为色谱柱; 柱温: 40 ℃; 流动相A: 0.1%甲酸-乙腈; 流动相B: 0.1%甲酸-水。梯度条件见表1
采集模式: 正负离子同时扫描; 采集方式: Full MS + ddms 2 (Top 3); 毛细管电压: 3.5 kV (+)/3.2 kV (-); 辅助气: 15 arb; 鞘气: 45 arb; 离子传输管温度: 320 °C; 辅助加热器温度: 350 °C; 分辨率: MS1_70000 FWHM, MS2_17500 FWHM; 扫描范围: 100~1500 Da; 归一化碰撞能量设置: Stepped NCE 20%、40%、60% ; 隔离窗口: 1.2 Da; 循环次数: 3。
根据仪器软件Trace Finder中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据(Thermo Scientific OTCML)及Compound Discoverer 3.2软件筛查网络数据库(Thermo Scientific mzCloud)与样品的一级离子、主要二级离子等相识度对比、并结合化合物可能裂解途径及查阅相关文献报道等多种方式对化学成分进行鉴定, 综合分析判断, 确定成分。
通过UPLC-QE-MS结合多种数据解析方式对沃柑果皮化学成分进行快速鉴定, 共鉴定出沃柑果皮中的11类共52个化合物, 其中包括醛类1个, 有机酸类4个, 生物碱类2个, 萜类5个, 酮类‌1个, 苯丙素类7个, 香豆素类2个, ‌核苷类1个, 黄酮类26个, 蒽醌类1个, 木脂素类1个。沃柑果皮基于UPLC-QE-MS技术分析的鉴定结果见表2, 沃柑果皮的总离子流图见图1
本研究从沃柑果皮中筛选鉴定了26个黄酮类化合物, 以化合物橙皮素为例进行定性分析。tR=9.85, 实测值[M+H]+ m/z 303.08545, 拟合分子式C16H14O6, 理论值m/z 303.08631, 质荷比偏差-2.8 ppm。橙皮素的二级质谱图(见图2)中m/z 285.07495为母离子脱去一个-H2O之后产生的碎片, m/z 177.05440为母离子脱去一个-C6H6O3之后产生的碎片, m/z 153.01807为母离子脱去一个-C9H10O2之后产生的碎片, m/z 123.04451为母离子脱去一个-C9H8O4之后产生的碎片; 结合橙皮素的裂解途径(见图3), 再查阅相关文献和报道; 以及Trace Finder软件中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据库(Thermo Scientific OTCML)和 Compound Discoverer 3.2软件筛查网络数据库(Thermo Scientificmz Cloud)检索比对相似度, 可推断该化合物为橙皮素。
本研究从沃柑果皮中筛选鉴定了7个苯丙素类化合物, 以化合物刺五加苷B为例进行定性分析。tR=5.04, 实测值[M+NH4]+ m/z 390.17514, 拟合分子式C17H24O9, 理论值m/z 390.17586, 质荷比偏差-1.8 ppm。刺五加苷B的二级质谱图(见图4)中m/z 211.09610为母离子脱去一个-C6H10O5之后产生的碎片, m/z 193.08565为母离子脱去一个-C6H12O6之后产生的碎片, m/z 161.05950为母离子脱去一个-C7H16O7之后产生的碎片, m/z 133.06467为母离子脱去一个-C8H16O8之后产生的碎片; 并结合刺五加苷B的裂解途径(见图5), 再查阅相关文献和报道, 以及Trace Finder软件中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据库(Thermo Scientific OTCML)和Compound Discoverer 3.2软件筛查网络数据库(Thermo Scientificmz Cloud)检索比对相似度, 可推断该化合物为刺五加苷B。
本研究从沃柑果皮中筛选鉴定了5个有机酸类化合物, 以化合物芥子酸为例进行定性分析。tR=5.77, 实测值[M+H]+ m/z 225.07486, 拟合分子式C11H12O5, 理论值m/z 225.07575, 质荷比偏差-4.0 ppm。芥子酸的二级质谱图(见图6) m/z 207.06479为母离子脱去一个-H2O之后产生的碎片, m/z 192.04127为母离子脱去一个-H2O和-CH3之后产生的碎片, m/z 175.03869为母离子脱去一个-H2O和-CH4O之后产生的碎片, m/z 147.04381为母离子脱去一个-C2H6O3之后产生的碎片, m/z 119.04912为母离子脱去一个-C3H6O4之后产生的碎片; 并结合芥子酸的裂解途径(见图7), 再查阅相关文献以及在Trace Finder软件中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据库(Thermo Scientific OTCML)和 Compound Discoverer 3.2软件筛查网络数据库(Thermo Scientificmz Cloud)检索进行相似度比对, 可推断该化合物为芥子酸。
本研究从沃柑果皮中筛选鉴定了5个萜类化合物, 以化合物紫苏烯为例进行定性分析。tR=10.13, 实测值[M+H]+ m/z 151.11154, 拟合分子式C10H14O, 理论值m/z 151.11174, 质荷比偏差-1.3 ppm。紫苏烯的二级质谱图(见图8)中m/z 133.10106为母离子脱去一个-H2O之后产生的碎片, m/z 123.11675为母离子脱去一个-CO之后产生的碎片, m/z 109.06485为母离子脱去一个-C2H2O之后产生的碎片, m/z 69.07042为母离子脱去-C5H6O之后产生的碎片; 并结合紫苏烯的裂解途径(图9), 再查阅相关文献和报道, 以及Trace Finder软件中的中药成分高分辨质谱数据库(Thermo Scientific OTCML)和Compound Discoverer 3.2软件筛查网络数据库(Thermo Scientificmz Cloud)检索进行相似度比对, 可推断该化合物为紫苏烯。
本研究通过UPLC-QE-MS结合多种数据解析方式对沃柑果皮化学成分进行快速鉴定, 共鉴定出沃柑果皮中的11类共52个化合物, 可为沃柑果皮的研究开发提供参考。
在化学成分鉴定上, 该方法过程简单、快速, 可同时获得正负离子两种扫描模式的高分辨一级和二级质谱图, 一级离子质谱图具有较高的质量精度, 其质荷比偏差基本上小于±5 ppm, 根据测得质量数和二级碎片离子特征, 拟合出各离子碎片的分子式, 为进一步鉴定化合物成分及其成分的结构解析提供支持。
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250310001
  • 接收时间:2025-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-10
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    百色市食品药品检验所, 百色 533000

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*吕俊良(1989—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为药品检验研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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