Article(id=1217529313180700766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250108003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1736265600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211208862, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211208862, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211208862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211208862, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=237, endPage=247, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529315093303555, articleId=1217529313180700766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Isolation, identification and metabolic product analysis of salt-tolerant esterase-producing strains from yellow water, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To screen salt-tolerant esterase-producing strains from yellow water and analyze their metabolic products. Methods Esterase-producing strains were isolated from yellow water and identified using morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological methods. Results The 9 esterase-producing strains were screened from yellow water, among which CZ-1, CZ-5 and CZ-8 were Paenibacillus dendritiformis, CZ-9 was Paenibacillus cookii, CZ-10, CZ-13 and CZ-15 were Bacillus velezensis, and CZ-3 was Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P5-5 was Pichia manshurica. All 9 strains had good salt tolerance and could grow at pH 2.0-11.0, and 7 strains had salt tolerance up to 120 g/L. Experiments showed that when using caproic acid as the substrate, the esterifying enzyme activities of strains CZ-1, CZ-3, CZ-5, CZ-8, CZ-9, CZ-13, CZ-15 and P5-5 were 69.93, 70.62, 6.01, 67.65, 35.31, 48.51, 69.24 and 71.45 U/mL respectively, and strain CZ-10 had no esterifying enzyme activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis showed that 12 kinds of volatile components of alcohols, 7 kinds of volatile components of aldehydes, 1 kind of volatile component of ethers, 3 kinds of volatile components of amines, 11 kinds of volatile components of ketones, 9 kinds of volatile components of esters, 3 kinds of volatile components of acids and 22 kinds of other volatile components were detected in the fermentation broth. Conclusion The 9 esterifying enzyme-producing strains are screened from yellow water, all of which have good salt and alkali tolerance and esterifying enzyme activity. P5-5 has the highest esterifying enzyme activity and the most types of volatile components, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent treatment and application of yellow water.

, correspAuthors=Shu-Ying YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu PAN, Yu YE, Di-Qin YANG, Yan-Li LONG, Yun LUO, Guo-Jiang FENG, Kuan LU, Shu-Ying YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529316846522822, articleId=1217529313180700766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=黄水中耐盐产酯化酶菌株的分离鉴定及代谢产物分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 筛选黄水中耐盐产酯化酶菌株, 分析其代谢产物。方法 从黄水中分离产酯化酶菌株, 采用形态学、生理生化及分子生物学对其进行鉴定。结果 从黄水中共筛选出9株产酯化酶菌株, 其中CZ-1、CZ-5和CZ-8为树状类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus dendritiformis), CZ-9为库氏类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus cookii), CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis), CZ-3为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), P5-5为满洲毕赤酵母(Pichia manshurica)。9株菌株均具有良好的耐盐碱性, 能在pH 2.0~11.0的条件下生长, 其中7株菌株盐耐受性高达120 g/L。实验表明, 以己酸为底物时, 菌株CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5酯化酶活力分别为69.93、70.62、6.01、67.65、35.31、48.51、69.24和71.45 U/mL, 菌株CZ-10无酯化酶活力。气相色谱-质谱法分析表明, 发酵液中共检测出醇类挥发性成分12种, 醛类挥发性成分7种, 醚类挥发性成分1种, 胺类挥发性成分3种, 酮类挥发性成分11种, 酯类挥发性成分9种, 酸类挥发性成分3种和其他挥发性成分22种。结论 从黄水中筛选了9株产酯化酶菌株, 均具有良好的盐碱耐受性以及酯化酶活力, 以P5-5酯化酶活力最高, 挥发性成分种类最多, 这为后续黄水处理及应用提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=杨熟英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨熟英(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为药学及食品科学。E-mail:
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潘宇(1997—), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物技术和食品科学。E-mail:

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潘宇(1997—), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物技术和食品科学。E-mail:

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潘宇(1997—), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物技术和食品科学。E-mail:

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Fujian Textile and Light Industry, 2025(1): 22-28., articleTitle=Preparation of monoglycerides rich in n-3 fatty acids by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of fish oil ethyl esters and glycerol, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217901260947248029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, awardId=黔科合服企[2023]012, language=CN, fundingSource=科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目(黔科合服企[2023]012), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901261089854373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, awardId=黔科合资[2024]001, language=CN, fundingSource=开发类科研院所技术开发研究专项资金项目(黔科合资[2024]001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901261165351853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, awardId=黔科合成果[2022]重点002号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2022]重点002号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901250671202625, 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Testing Center of Kaiyang County Market Supervision Administration, Guiyang 550300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901250968998233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, companyId=1217901250952221014, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 贵州省开阳县市场监督管理局检测中心, 贵阳 550300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217901251078050147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901251086438758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, companyId=1217901251078050147, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Guizhou Benfu Liquor Group Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901251099021671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, companyId=1217901251078050147, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 贵州奔福酒业集团有限公司, 仁怀 564500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901258380333817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Colony morphology (a) and cell morphology (b, 40×), figureFileSmall=WV1gQFAbLTYbz6P8gGBU1A==, figureFileBig=iGN4HPjkQw76aRjHCUCAWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258694906627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌落形态(a)和细胞形态(b, 40×), figureFileSmall=WV1gQFAbLTYbz6P8gGBU1A==, figureFileBig=iGN4HPjkQw76aRjHCUCAWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901258904621845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Nitrogen source assimilation (a) and carbon source assimilation (b), figureFileSmall=KG/q3NmgpohW5MrrN4hekQ==, figureFileBig=7e8B4ZDMkmGt86rVNNVZBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259026256676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氮源同化(a)和碳源同化(b), figureFileSmall=KG/q3NmgpohW5MrrN4hekQ==, figureFileBig=7e8B4ZDMkmGt86rVNNVZBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259156280109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of bacteria (a) and yeast (b), figureFileSmall=heYAcTlNo7INj2vWCtkPwA==, figureFileBig=ksKrQKfbUyCMCiybgzzmSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259277914936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=图3, caption=细菌(a)和酵母菌(b)系统发育树, figureFileSmall=heYAcTlNo7INj2vWCtkPwA==, figureFileBig=ksKrQKfbUyCMCiybgzzmSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259391161156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Growth curves and growth rates of strains, figureFileSmall=TlyCxgToe269BCGh7q61dQ==, figureFileBig=ZpwNwrQfPwgA04HL8j1OCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259529573194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=图4, caption=菌株生长曲线和生长速率

注: a、c、e、g、i、k、m、o、q依次为P5-5、CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15的生长曲线; b、d、f、h、j、l、n、p、r依次为P5-5、CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15的生长速率。

, figureFileSmall=TlyCxgToe269BCGh7q61dQ==, figureFileBig=ZpwNwrQfPwgA04HL8j1OCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259634430799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Salt tolerance (a) and acid and alkali resistance (b) of strains, figureFileSmall=6mPHhIky4FxBxzKy5T695w==, figureFileBig=WX5Wy+6+TaZqqnwJV2zyHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259726705495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株耐盐性(a)和耐酸碱性(b), figureFileSmall=6mPHhIky4FxBxzKy5T695w==, figureFileBig=WX5Wy+6+TaZqqnwJV2zyHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259818980186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Esterifying enzyme activity, figureFileSmall=jvVLg9JgoDSWPeZYzzhZZQ==, figureFileBig=7uJh+pYqHh+qmhe43emLcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259907060574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酯化酶活力, figureFileSmall=jvVLg9JgoDSWPeZYzzhZZQ==, figureFileBig=7uJh+pYqHh+qmhe43emLcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901259986752357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sugar fermentation experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
碳源 P5-5 CZ-3
芽糖 - -
葡萄糖 - +
果糖 + +
蔗糖 - +
可溶性淀粉 - -
甘露醇 - -
乳糖 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260087415658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

糖发酵实验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
碳源 P5-5 CZ-3
芽糖 - -
葡萄糖 - +
果糖 + +
蔗糖 - +
可溶性淀粉 - -
甘露醇 - -
乳糖 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260204856175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of bacterial physiology and biochemistry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验项目 菌株编号
CZ-1 CZ-5 CZ-8 CZ-9 CZ-10 CZ-13 CZ-15
H2O2
实验
- - - + - + +
氧化酶
实验
+ + + + + + +
硝酸盐
还原
+ + + + + + +
柠檬酸盐 - - - - + + +
M.R.实验 - + + + - - -
V-P实验 + - - - + + +
吲哚实验 + + + - + - -
H2S产生 - - - - - - -
淀粉水解 - - - - + + +
葡萄糖 + + + + + + +
麦芽糖 + + + + + + +
果糖 + + + + + + +
蔗糖 + + + + + + +
甘露醇 - - - + - + +
乳糖 - - - + - + +
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260351656825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

细菌生理生化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验项目 菌株编号
CZ-1 CZ-5 CZ-8 CZ-9 CZ-10 CZ-13 CZ-15
H2O2
实验
- - - + - + +
氧化酶
实验
+ + + + + + +
硝酸盐
还原
+ + + + + + +
柠檬酸盐 - - - - + + +
M.R.实验 - + + + - - -
V-P实验 + - - - + + +
吲哚实验 + + + - + - -
H2S产生 - - - - - - -
淀粉水解 - - - - + + +
葡萄糖 + + + + + + +
麦芽糖 + + + + + + +
果糖 + + + + + + +
蔗糖 + + + + + + +
甘露醇 - - - + - + +
乳糖 - - - + - + +
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260515234693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Main volatile components and their content in fermentation broth of strain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类 序号 保留时间 中文名称 分子式 相对含量/%
CZ-1 CZ-3 CZ-5 CZ-8 CZ-9 CZ-10 CZ-13 CZ-15 P5-5
醇类 1 3.012 叔丁醇 C4H10O 0.27 - - - - - 0.55 - 0.11
2 3.751 2-丁醇 C4H10O 0.06 - - - - - - - -
3 3.965 一乙醇胺 C2H7NO 0.03 - - - - - - - -
4 7.592 2-甲基丁醇 C5H12O 0.82 - 0.34 - 2.09 - - - 1.24
5 20.314 2-乙基己醇 C8H18O 0.26 0.15 - 0.23 0.53 1.17 2.22 1.95 0.10
6 7.435 正戊醇 C5H12O - 31.82 - - - - - - 17.54
7 22.534 苏合香醇 C8H10O - - 0.06 - - - - - -
8 20.315 4-乙基-1-辛炔-3-醇 C10H18O - - - 0.26 - - - - -
9 22.529 苯乙醇 C8H10O - - - - 0.80 0.69 2.30 0.92 22.53
10 7.446 2-丙炔-1-醇 C3H4O - - - - 0.08 - - - -
11 4.908 丙烯醇 C3H6O - - - - - - - - 0.06
12 10.508 1,3-二氧杂烷-2-甲醇 C4H8O3 - - - - - - - - 0.04
醛类 13 18.235 苯甲醛 C7H6O 7.13 0.63 5.28 5.36 37.40 13.63 9.58 10.62 1.24
14 20.746 苯乙醛 C8H8O - 0.60 - - 0.64 - 0.33 - 1.67
15 7.598 丙烯醛 C3H4O - - - 0.30 - - - - -
16 4.688 异戊醛 C5H10O - - - - - - - - 0.34
17 22.280 壬醛 C9H18O - - - - - - - - 0.08
18 4.914 丁二醛 C4H6O2 - - - - 0.18 - - - 0.06
19 15.948 二甲醇缩甲醛 C3H8O2 - - - - - - - - 0.09
醚类 20 2.649 二甲醚 C2H6O 5.11 - 5.14 5.07 13.92 12.04 9.27 10.20 0.23
胺类 21 14.628 N-亚硝基二
甲胺
C2H6N2O - 0.14 - - - - - - -
22 26.580 丁二酰亚胺 C4H5NO2 - - - 0.01 - - - - -
23 16.141 2,3-二甲基-2,3-丁二胺 C6H16N2 - - - - - - - - 0.05
酮类 24 21.349 苯乙酮 C8H8O 0.13 0.05 0.12 0.11 0.19 - - - -
25 2.838 丙酮 C3H6O 0.18 0.15 - - 0.29 0.42 0.14 - 0.39
26 6.187 3-甲基-2-丁酮 C5H10O - - - - - - 1.02 0.14 -
27 6.207 3-羟基-2-丁酮 C4H8O2 - - - - - - 17.64 18.98 -
28 15.826 2-庚酮 C7H14O - - - - - - 1.15 2.58 -
29 26.450 甲基壬基甲酮 C11H22O - - - - - - 0.35 - -
30 3.581 2,3-丁二酮 C4H6O2 - - - - - - - 1.24 -
31 18.130 6-甲基-2-庚酮 C8H16O - - - - - - - 0.95 -
32 18.434 5-甲基-2-庚酮 C8H16O - - - - - - - 1.95 -
33 19.113 二氢-2-甲基-3(2H)-
噻吩酮
C5H8OS - - - - - - - - 0.61
34 7.571 环丁酮 C4H6O - - - - - - - - 2.88
酯类 35 25.494 苯乙酸乙酯 C10H12O2 1.30 0.15 0.95 0.99 0.08 - - - -
36 29.633 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 C10H10O4 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.33 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.08
37 4.713 三甲氧基酯 C3H6O - - 0.07 - - - - - -
38 4.709 烯丙基正丙酯 C6H12O - - - 0.10 - - - 0.19 -
39 7.578 乙基硫代膦酸甲酯-2-二甲氨基乙酯 C7H18NO2PS - - - 0.05 - - - - -
40 3.572 乙酸乙烯酯 C4H6O2 - - - - - - 0.93 - -
41 21.351 1,3-苯二酚单苯甲酸酯 C13H10O3 - - - - - - 0.16 - -
42 21.349 4-(苯甲酰氧基)-2-苯甲酸氯苯酯 C20H13ClO4 - - - - - - - 0.17 -
43 14.979 甲酸甲酯 C2H4O2 - - - - - - - - 0.95
酸类 44 16.160 2-甲基丁酸 C5H10O2 - - - - - - - - 10.73
45 15.640 异戊酸 C5H10O2 - - - - - - - - 9.30
46 3.574 D/L-亮氨酸 C6H15NO - - - - - - - - 0.08


47 25.161 苯并噻唑 C7H5NS 0.87 0.74 0.68 1.01 1.88 1.41 1.38 1.78 0.10
48 26.574 吲哚 C8H7N 66.33 - 54.17 61.76 - 0.16 - - -
49 7.433 2-乙氧基乙腈 C4H7NO - 14.48 - - - - - - -
50 7.569 氮杂环丁烷 C3H7N - 3.42 - - 1.16 - - - 6.66
51 2.826 偶氮甲烷 C2H6N2 - - 0.17 - - - 0.34 - -
52 16.554 2,5-二甲基嘧啶 C6H8N2 - - 0.04 - 0.29 - - - -
53 3.009 CH5N3 - - - - 0.38 - 0.51 - -
54 7.584 甲环丁烷 C5H10 - - - - 0.61 - - - -
55 18.820 4-氰基吡唑 C4H3N3 - - - - 0.17 - - 0.16 -
56 21.667 2,6-二乙基吡嗪 C8H12N2 - - - - - 0.04 - - -
57 21.936 愈创木酚 C7H8O2 - - - - - 2.34 - - -
58 3.680 2-甲氧基丙烯 C4H8O - - - - - - 0.05 - -
59 10.199 1,2-二甲基环氧乙烷 C4H8O - - - - - - 0.76 - -
60 19.528 2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪 C7H10N2 - - - - - - 1.43 1.62 -
61 20.457 氢化安息香 C14H14O2 - - - - - - 0.35 - -
62 26.557 间氨基苯乙炔 C8H7N - - - - - - 0.28 - -
63 14.364 氨基胍媒染剂 CH6N4 - - - - - - - 0.12 -
64 21.845 川芎嗪 C8H12N2 - - - - - - - 0.31 -
65 7.421 丁酸酐 C8H14O3 - - - - - - - - 0.50
66 10.417 1,3-二氧戊环 C3H6O2 - - - - - - - - 0.03
67 15.329 2,5-二氢呋喃 C4H6O - - - - - - - - 0.10
68 15.493 乙醛肟 C2H5NO - - - - - - - - 0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1217901260678812562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529313180700766, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

菌株发酵液主要挥发性成分及其含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类 序号 保留时间 中文名称 分子式 相对含量/%
CZ-1 CZ-3 CZ-5 CZ-8 CZ-9 CZ-10 CZ-13 CZ-15 P5-5
醇类 1 3.012 叔丁醇 C4H10O 0.27 - - - - - 0.55 - 0.11
2 3.751 2-丁醇 C4H10O 0.06 - - - - - - - -
3 3.965 一乙醇胺 C2H7NO 0.03 - - - - - - - -
4 7.592 2-甲基丁醇 C5H12O 0.82 - 0.34 - 2.09 - - - 1.24
5 20.314 2-乙基己醇 C8H18O 0.26 0.15 - 0.23 0.53 1.17 2.22 1.95 0.10
6 7.435 正戊醇 C5H12O - 31.82 - - - - - - 17.54
7 22.534 苏合香醇 C8H10O - - 0.06 - - - - - -
8 20.315 4-乙基-1-辛炔-3-醇 C10H18O - - - 0.26 - - - - -
9 22.529 苯乙醇 C8H10O - - - - 0.80 0.69 2.30 0.92 22.53
10 7.446 2-丙炔-1-醇 C3H4O - - - - 0.08 - - - -
11 4.908 丙烯醇 C3H6O - - - - - - - - 0.06
12 10.508 1,3-二氧杂烷-2-甲醇 C4H8O3 - - - - - - - - 0.04
醛类 13 18.235 苯甲醛 C7H6O 7.13 0.63 5.28 5.36 37.40 13.63 9.58 10.62 1.24
14 20.746 苯乙醛 C8H8O - 0.60 - - 0.64 - 0.33 - 1.67
15 7.598 丙烯醛 C3H4O - - - 0.30 - - - - -
16 4.688 异戊醛 C5H10O - - - - - - - - 0.34
17 22.280 壬醛 C9H18O - - - - - - - - 0.08
18 4.914 丁二醛 C4H6O2 - - - - 0.18 - - - 0.06
19 15.948 二甲醇缩甲醛 C3H8O2 - - - - - - - - 0.09
醚类 20 2.649 二甲醚 C2H6O 5.11 - 5.14 5.07 13.92 12.04 9.27 10.20 0.23
胺类 21 14.628 N-亚硝基二
甲胺
C2H6N2O - 0.14 - - - - - - -
22 26.580 丁二酰亚胺 C4H5NO2 - - - 0.01 - - - - -
23 16.141 2,3-二甲基-2,3-丁二胺 C6H16N2 - - - - - - - - 0.05
酮类 24 21.349 苯乙酮 C8H8O 0.13 0.05 0.12 0.11 0.19 - - - -
25 2.838 丙酮 C3H6O 0.18 0.15 - - 0.29 0.42 0.14 - 0.39
26 6.187 3-甲基-2-丁酮 C5H10O - - - - - - 1.02 0.14 -
27 6.207 3-羟基-2-丁酮 C4H8O2 - - - - - - 17.64 18.98 -
28 15.826 2-庚酮 C7H14O - - - - - - 1.15 2.58 -
29 26.450 甲基壬基甲酮 C11H22O - - - - - - 0.35 - -
30 3.581 2,3-丁二酮 C4H6O2 - - - - - - - 1.24 -
31 18.130 6-甲基-2-庚酮 C8H16O - - - - - - - 0.95 -
32 18.434 5-甲基-2-庚酮 C8H16O - - - - - - - 1.95 -
33 19.113 二氢-2-甲基-3(2H)-
噻吩酮
C5H8OS - - - - - - - - 0.61
34 7.571 环丁酮 C4H6O - - - - - - - - 2.88
酯类 35 25.494 苯乙酸乙酯 C10H12O2 1.30 0.15 0.95 0.99 0.08 - - - -
36 29.633 邻苯二甲酸二甲酯 C10H10O4 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.33 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.08
37 4.713 三甲氧基酯 C3H6O - - 0.07 - - - - - -
38 4.709 烯丙基正丙酯 C6H12O - - - 0.10 - - - 0.19 -
39 7.578 乙基硫代膦酸甲酯-2-二甲氨基乙酯 C7H18NO2PS - - - 0.05 - - - - -
40 3.572 乙酸乙烯酯 C4H6O2 - - - - - - 0.93 - -
41 21.351 1,3-苯二酚单苯甲酸酯 C13H10O3 - - - - - - 0.16 - -
42 21.349 4-(苯甲酰氧基)-2-苯甲酸氯苯酯 C20H13ClO4 - - - - - - - 0.17 -
43 14.979 甲酸甲酯 C2H4O2 - - - - - - - - 0.95
酸类 44 16.160 2-甲基丁酸 C5H10O2 - - - - - - - - 10.73
45 15.640 异戊酸 C5H10O2 - - - - - - - - 9.30
46 3.574 D/L-亮氨酸 C6H15NO - - - - - - - - 0.08


47 25.161 苯并噻唑 C7H5NS 0.87 0.74 0.68 1.01 1.88 1.41 1.38 1.78 0.10
48 26.574 吲哚 C8H7N 66.33 - 54.17 61.76 - 0.16 - - -
49 7.433 2-乙氧基乙腈 C4H7NO - 14.48 - - - - - - -
50 7.569 氮杂环丁烷 C3H7N - 3.42 - - 1.16 - - - 6.66
51 2.826 偶氮甲烷 C2H6N2 - - 0.17 - - - 0.34 - -
52 16.554 2,5-二甲基嘧啶 C6H8N2 - - 0.04 - 0.29 - - - -
53 3.009 CH5N3 - - - - 0.38 - 0.51 - -
54 7.584 甲环丁烷 C5H10 - - - - 0.61 - - - -
55 18.820 4-氰基吡唑 C4H3N3 - - - - 0.17 - - 0.16 -
56 21.667 2,6-二乙基吡嗪 C8H12N2 - - - - - 0.04 - - -
57 21.936 愈创木酚 C7H8O2 - - - - - 2.34 - - -
58 3.680 2-甲氧基丙烯 C4H8O - - - - - - 0.05 - -
59 10.199 1,2-二甲基环氧乙烷 C4H8O - - - - - - 0.76 - -
60 19.528 2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪 C7H10N2 - - - - - - 1.43 1.62 -
61 20.457 氢化安息香 C14H14O2 - - - - - - 0.35 - -
62 26.557 间氨基苯乙炔 C8H7N - - - - - - 0.28 - -
63 14.364 氨基胍媒染剂 CH6N4 - - - - - - - 0.12 -
64 21.845 川芎嗪 C8H12N2 - - - - - - - 0.31 -
65 7.421 丁酸酐 C8H14O3 - - - - - - - - 0.50
66 10.417 1,3-二氧戊环 C3H6O2 - - - - - - - - 0.03
67 15.329 2,5-二氢呋喃 C4H6O - - - - - - - - 0.10
68 15.493 乙醛肟 C2H5NO - - - - - - - - 0.04
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黄水中耐盐产酯化酶菌株的分离鉴定及代谢产物分析
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潘宇 1 , 叶雨 1, 2 , 杨第芹 1 , 龙艳丽 2 , 罗云 3 , 冯国江 4 , 陆宽 1, 2 , 杨熟英 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(13): 237-247
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(13): 237-247
黄水中耐盐产酯化酶菌株的分离鉴定及代谢产物分析
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潘宇1 , 叶雨1, 2, 杨第芹1, 龙艳丽2, 罗云3, 冯国江4, 陆宽1, 2, 杨熟英1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 贵州省生物技术研究开发基地有限公司, 贵阳 550014
  • 2 贵州省科晖检验检测研究院有限公司, 贵阳 550014
  • 3 贵州省开阳县市场监督管理局检测中心, 贵阳 550300
  • 4 贵州奔福酒业集团有限公司, 仁怀 564500
  • 潘宇(1997—), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物技术和食品科学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*杨熟英(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为药学及食品科学。E-mail:
Isolation, identification and metabolic product analysis of salt-tolerant esterase-producing strains from yellow water
Yu PAN1 , Yu YE1, 2, Di-Qin YANG1, Yan-Li LONG2, Yun LUO3, Guo-Jiang FENG4, Kuan LU1, 2, Shu-Ying YANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Guizhou Biotechnology Research and Development Base Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550014, China
  • 2 Guizhou Kehui Inspection and Testing Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550014, China
  • 3 Testing Center of Kaiyang County Market Supervision Administration, Guiyang 550300, China
  • 4 Guizhou Benfu Liquor Group Co., Ltd., Renhuai 564500, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250108003
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目的 筛选黄水中耐盐产酯化酶菌株, 分析其代谢产物。方法 从黄水中分离产酯化酶菌株, 采用形态学、生理生化及分子生物学对其进行鉴定。结果 从黄水中共筛选出9株产酯化酶菌株, 其中CZ-1、CZ-5和CZ-8为树状类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus dendritiformis), CZ-9为库氏类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus cookii), CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis), CZ-3为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), P5-5为满洲毕赤酵母(Pichia manshurica)。9株菌株均具有良好的耐盐碱性, 能在pH 2.0~11.0的条件下生长, 其中7株菌株盐耐受性高达120 g/L。实验表明, 以己酸为底物时, 菌株CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5酯化酶活力分别为69.93、70.62、6.01、67.65、35.31、48.51、69.24和71.45 U/mL, 菌株CZ-10无酯化酶活力。气相色谱-质谱法分析表明, 发酵液中共检测出醇类挥发性成分12种, 醛类挥发性成分7种, 醚类挥发性成分1种, 胺类挥发性成分3种, 酮类挥发性成分11种, 酯类挥发性成分9种, 酸类挥发性成分3种和其他挥发性成分22种。结论 从黄水中筛选了9株产酯化酶菌株, 均具有良好的盐碱耐受性以及酯化酶活力, 以P5-5酯化酶活力最高, 挥发性成分种类最多, 这为后续黄水处理及应用提供理论依据。

黄水  /  酯化酶  /  代谢产物  /  树状类芽孢杆菌

Objective To screen salt-tolerant esterase-producing strains from yellow water and analyze their metabolic products. Methods Esterase-producing strains were isolated from yellow water and identified using morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological methods. Results The 9 esterase-producing strains were screened from yellow water, among which CZ-1, CZ-5 and CZ-8 were Paenibacillus dendritiformis, CZ-9 was Paenibacillus cookii, CZ-10, CZ-13 and CZ-15 were Bacillus velezensis, and CZ-3 was Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P5-5 was Pichia manshurica. All 9 strains had good salt tolerance and could grow at pH 2.0-11.0, and 7 strains had salt tolerance up to 120 g/L. Experiments showed that when using caproic acid as the substrate, the esterifying enzyme activities of strains CZ-1, CZ-3, CZ-5, CZ-8, CZ-9, CZ-13, CZ-15 and P5-5 were 69.93, 70.62, 6.01, 67.65, 35.31, 48.51, 69.24 and 71.45 U/mL respectively, and strain CZ-10 had no esterifying enzyme activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis showed that 12 kinds of volatile components of alcohols, 7 kinds of volatile components of aldehydes, 1 kind of volatile component of ethers, 3 kinds of volatile components of amines, 11 kinds of volatile components of ketones, 9 kinds of volatile components of esters, 3 kinds of volatile components of acids and 22 kinds of other volatile components were detected in the fermentation broth. Conclusion The 9 esterifying enzyme-producing strains are screened from yellow water, all of which have good salt and alkali tolerance and esterifying enzyme activity. P5-5 has the highest esterifying enzyme activity and the most types of volatile components, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent treatment and application of yellow water.

yellow water  /  esterase  /  metabolic products  /  Paenibacillus dendritiformis
潘宇, 叶雨, 杨第芹, 龙艳丽, 罗云, 冯国江, 陆宽, 杨熟英. 黄水中耐盐产酯化酶菌株的分离鉴定及代谢产物分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 237 -247 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250108003
Yu PAN, Yu YE, Di-Qin YANG, Yan-Li LONG, Yun LUO, Guo-Jiang FENG, Kuan LU, Shu-Ying YANG. Isolation, identification and metabolic product analysis of salt-tolerant esterase-producing strains from yellow water[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 237 -247 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250108003
酿酒黄水是酿造过程中产生的一种副产物, 其高浓度化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)和有害性成分使其成为一种难以处理的废水。黄水中含有大量的有机酸、淀粉和还原性糖等, 还有醇、醛、酯等挥发性物质及乳酸菌、酵母菌和芽孢杆菌等益生菌群在白酒发酵过程中有重要作用[1]。目前, 针对于黄水的研究主要集中于微生物资源筛选[2]、成分分析及再利用方面如进行白酒勾兑、二次酿造和提取活性多糖[3-4]等。而对于黄水中产酯化酶菌株的分离及代谢产物特征研究较少。酯化酶[5]是一类能够催化酯化反应的生物催化剂, 具有广泛的应用潜力, 特别是在食品、化妆品和制药等领域[6-7]
黄水中主要的酯类物质通过化学反应和微生物发酵两种途径产生, 其中微生物发酵是主要的产酯途径。近年来, 研究者从黄水中分离出多种具有产酯化酶能力的微生物, 如酵母菌和芽孢杆菌, 并对其产酯能力进行了初步研究。例如, 酵母菌具有较强的产酯化酶能力, 能够将醛、酮等有机物质转化为酯类物质[8-9], 研究者从黄水中分离出新的酵母菌株少孢哈萨克斯坦酵母(Kazachstaniaexigua)矮小假丝酵母(Candida humilis)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 优化条件下乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯和2-苯基乙醇等香气化合物有所增加[10]; 还有研究者从白酒粗发酵发酵剂大曲中分离出一种能够产生大量己酸乙酯的酵母YX3307, 能够改善白酒的风味及品质[11]。同时, 芽孢杆菌属在黄水形成中也起着关键作用, 能够产生酯类、酸类、酮类和醛类等风味成分[12-13]。已有研究在黄水中微生物资源的筛选和利用方面取得了一定进展, 但仍存在一些不足之处。现有研究多集中于单一菌株的产酯能力, 缺乏对多种菌株的系统比较和代谢产物的全面分析。其次, 关于菌株在极端环境(如高盐、高pH)下的适应性和应用潜力的研究较少, 限制了其在工业化生产中的应用。此外, 黄水中微生物的多样性及其代谢特性仍需进一步探索。
本研究从白酒黄水样品中分离出具有高效产酯化酶的菌株, 并对其耐盐碱性、酯化酶活力及代谢产物进行研究。通过筛选和鉴定产酯化酶菌株, 分析其代谢产物的多样性, 不仅为提升白酒等发酵产品的香气质量提供了理论依据, 还为黄水的资源化利用和微生物资源的开发提供了新的思路。
黄水, 取自贵州省仁怀市某酒厂。
RTS-1C全自动微生物生长曲线分析仪(北京立信宏达科技有限责任公司); TU-1810PC紫外可见光分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司); 8890-7000E安捷伦气相色谱三重四极杆气相色谱质谱联用仪、DB-WAX 122-7032毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) (美国安捷伦科技有限公司)。
细菌基因DNA提取试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 酵母浸出粉胨葡萄糖琼脂(yeast extract peptone dextrose agar medium, YPD)培养基(广东环凯微生物科技有限公司); 平板计数琼脂培养基(plate count agar medium, PCA)、氯化钠(分析纯)、胰蛋白胨、蛋白胨、琼脂、酵母提取物(上海博威生物科技有限公司); 三丁酸甘油酯(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 无水乙醇、己酸[重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司]; 酚酞(天津奥普升化工有限公司); 氢氧化钠[天津大茂化学试剂合伙企业(有限合伙)]。
筛选培养基: 牛肉膏5.0 g/L, 蛋白胨10.0 g/L, 氯化钠5.0 g/L, 加入三丁酸甘油酯10.0 g/L, 121 ℃高压蒸汽灭菌20 min; 牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基: 牛肉膏5 g/L, 蛋白胨10 g/L, 氯化钠5 g/L; PCA培养基: 胰蛋白胨5.0 g/L, 酵母浸粉2.5 g/L, 葡萄糖1.0 g/L; YPD培养基: 蛋白胨10.0 g/L, 酵母浸粉5.0 g/L, 葡萄糖20.0 g/L; 糖类发酵基础培养基或同化碳源基础培养基: 蛋白胨10.0 g/L, 碳源20.0 g/L, pH 自然; 同化氮源基础培养基: 葡萄糖20.0 g/L, 氮源20.0 g/L, pH 自然。在以上液体培养基添加2%琼脂即为对应固体培养基。
取5 mL黄水加入至装有45 mL无菌水的锥形瓶中, 于30 ℃、160 r/min恒温摇床富集30 min, 稀释涂布于固体筛选培养平板, 置于30 ℃恒温培养箱培养5 d, 挑取具有透明圈的单菌落进行划线, 直至得到纯种平板。将初筛出的优良菌株接种于含有三丁酸甘油酯的牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养基上, 每隔1 d观察1次。若培养基上出现透明水解圈, 则表明该菌株能产酯化酶[14]
(1)形态学鉴定分析
接种环灼烧灭菌冷却后挑取待观察菌单菌落划线接种至YPD或牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养平板上活化, 放置30 ℃或37 ℃培养箱静置培养2 d, 观察菌落形态并记录; 再将活化好的细菌平板挑取单菌落进行革兰氏染色后在显微镜上观察并记录。糖发酵、碳源同化和氮源同化实验等参照《酵母菌的特征与鉴定手册》[15], 用于检验酵母对各种糖碳源及氮源的利用情况; 参照《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》和《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》[16]对细菌进行生理生化鉴定, 并记录结果。
(2)分子生物学鉴定
采用DNA提取试剂盒对酵母DNA进行提取。以基因引物对NL1/NL4 (26S rRNA基因序列扩增引物: 正向NL-1: 5′-GCATATCAATAAGCGGAAAAG-3′和反向引物NL-4: 5′-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3′进行纯化扩增; 利用细菌DNA提取试剂盒提取待测菌DNA, 通过上游引物(27F): 5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′和下游引物(1492R): 5′-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′对目标细菌DNA进行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增。将PCR产物进行电泳分离, 将获得清晰条带的PCR产物送生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行一代测序, 将下机的基因序列在Gen Bank数据库中用BLAST对比分析, 最终选取同源性更高的序列用邻近法在MEGA 11.0构建进化树。
将待测菌株活化后按1%接种比例接种于牛肉膏蛋白胨或YPD液体培养基中, 采用全自动微生物生长曲线分析仪测定其生长曲线和生长速率。参数: 温度30 ℃(酵母菌)或37 ℃(细菌), 转速160 r/min, 测量频率: 30 min或60 min, 体积30 mL, 波长850 nm。
(1)耐酸碱实验
将菌株活化并制备菌悬液培养24 h, 将菌悬液分别以1%接种量接种在pH为2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0、11.0的牛肉膏蛋白胨和YPD液体培养基中, 每组设置3个平行且设置空白对照, 细菌在37 ℃、160 r/min摇床培养24 h, 酵母菌在30 ℃、160 r/min摇床培养24 h, 测定OD600
(2)耐盐性实验
将菌株活化并制备菌悬液培养24 h, 将菌株菌悬液分别以1%接种量接种含2%、4%、6%、8%、10%和12%氯化钠的牛肉膏蛋白胨和YPD液体培养基中, 每组设置3个平行且设置空白对照, 细菌在37 ℃、160 r/min摇床培养24 h, 酵母菌在30 ℃、160 r/min摇床培养24 h, 测定OD600
取10.0 mL环己烷, 3.65 mL乙醇, 6.25 mL己酸, 再加入200 μL酶液, 酯化反应在密闭的50 mL离心管中进行, 反应温度为36 ℃, 144 h后, 取上清液0.5 mL于50 mL锥形瓶中, 加入5 mL水, 2滴酚酞, 用0.10 mol/L氢氧化钠滴定至终点, 测定己酸的消耗量[17]
将菌株活化后接种于液体发酵培养基中160 r/min恒温振荡培养24 h后待测。使用8890-7000E安捷伦气相色谱三重四极杆气相色谱质谱联用仪进行测定[18]。色谱柱: DB-WAX 122-7032毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)色谱条件: 40 ℃保持2 min, 以4 ℃/min上升到100 ℃, 以5 ℃/min升至120 ℃、保持5 min, 然后以5 ℃/min, 达到230 ℃, 并在此温度下保持5 min; 载气为氦气, 流量为0.8 mL/min, 进样口温度为250 ℃, 分流比: 20:1; 质谱条件: 电子冲击(electron impact ionization, EI)能量为70 eV, 离子源温度230 ℃, 四极杆温度为150 ℃, 在45~500 AMU范围内记录EI质谱。
所有实验均重复3次, 结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。采用Origin 2018绘图软件绘图。
从筛选培养基中分离纯化出9株产酯化酶菌株, 分别命名为CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5, 其细胞形态和菌落形态如图1所示。CZ-1、CZ-5和CZ-8菌落呈褐色, 不湿润, 微凸起, 不透明, 革兰氏阳性, 细胞呈短杆状; CZ-9菌落呈灰白色, 不透明, 革兰氏阳性, 呈杆状; CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15菌落呈乳白色, 圆形, 质地不黏稠, 革兰氏阳性, 细胞呈杆状; CZ-3和P5-5菌落呈乳白色, 圆形, 凸起, 细胞形态分别为圆形和椭圆形。
(1)酵母菌生理生化
菌株P5-5和CZ-3的生理生化实验结果如表1图2。由表1可知, 菌株P5-5利用果糖发酵时, 能够产气, 利用麦芽糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇及乳糖作为碳源时, 均不产气; 菌株CZ-3以葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖作为碳源时, 能够产气, 而以麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇和乳糖作为碳源时, 均不产气。由图2可知, 菌株P5-5和菌株CZ-3能利用麦芽糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉、甘露醇及乳糖作为碳源生长; 同时也均能利用蛋白胨、牛肉膏、酵母膏、尿素、氯化铵、硫酸铵、磷酸二氢铵和柠檬酸二铵作为氮源生长。
(2)细菌生理生化
表2可知, 菌株CZ-1、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15均能利用葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果糖和蔗糖作为碳源生长, 不产气; 同时菌株CZ-9、CZ-13、CZ-15还能利用甘露醇和乳糖作为碳源生长, 但菌株CZ-1、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-10不能利用甘露醇和乳糖作为碳源生长, 不产气; 各菌株均能产氧化酶, 还原硝酸盐, 无H2S产生; 菌株CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15还能够产生淀粉酶水解淀粉, 利用柠檬酸盐; 菌株CZ-9、CZ-13、CZ-15吲哚实验呈阴性反应, 其余菌株呈阳性反应; 此外, 菌株CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9的M.R.实验呈阳性反应、V-P实验呈阴性反应, CZ-1、CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15的M.R.实验呈阴性反应、V-P实验呈阳性反应。
将CZ-1、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15菌株测序所得16S rRNA序列和CZ-3、P5-5菌株测序所得26S rRNA提交Gen Bank数据库采用BLAST 进行序列对比分析, 由图3可知, CZ-1、CZ-5和CZ-8分别与树状类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus dendritiformis)的同源性达99%, CZ-9与库氏类芽胞杆菌(Paenibacillus cookii)的同源性达99%, CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15菌株分别与贝莱斯芽胞杆菌 (Bacillus velezensis)的同源性达99%, CZ-3与酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的同源性达99%, P5-5与满洲毕赤酵母(Pichia manshurica)的同源性达99%, 结合生理生化特征, CZ-1、CZ-5和CZ-8为树状类芽孢杆菌, CZ-9为库氏类芽胞杆菌, CZ-10、CZ-13和CZ-15为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌, CZ-3为酿酒酵母, P5-5为满洲毕赤酵母。
通过菌株生长曲线可以得到微生物的生长周期、生长速率及代谢特性等关键信息[19]。将菌落接入牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基中, 每隔0.5 h或1.0 h测量其吸光值, 由图4可知, 9株菌株生长符合“S”型曲线特征, 存在生长延缓期、对数生长期、稳定期和衰亡期。P5-5在14 h时开始快速增长, 且22 h时生长速率最高, 生长速率达到最大值0.11 h-1, 一直处于生长状态, 但速率略有降低; CZ-1出现较长的生长迟缓期, 8 h后进入对数生长期, 菌体快速繁殖, 13 h后, 菌株生长平缓; CZ-3的生长迟缓期很短, 0.5 h后进入快速生长期, 在1 h时开始快速增长, 8 h到达峰值, 之后略有降低, 最终趋于平稳, 7 h时生长速率达到最大值0.40 h-1; CZ-5一直处于生长状态, 速率时快时慢; CZ-8在5 h后开始快速生长, 10 h后生长缓慢, 后趋于平缓; CZ-9和CZ-10在1 h后进入生长快速期, 分别在10 h、20 h时达到生长峰值, 后CZ-9菌体开始衰亡, 而CZ-10生长稳定一段时间后开始衰亡, 这可能与代谢产物变化有关; CZ-13和CZ-15的生长呈“S”型特征, 生长速率分别在4.0 h、3.5 h达到峰值, 为0.03 h-1、0.05 h-1, 而分别在20 h、17 h后达到生长峰值。
图5a看出, 菌株CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5在氯化钠质量浓度为 120 g/L时仍可生长, 菌株CZ-5、CZ-8分别能在氯化钠质量浓度为80 g/L、40 g/L的条件下生长; 由图5b看出, 菌株CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5在pH 2.0~11.0条件下仍可生长, 当pH大于9.0时, 菌株CZ-8不能够继续生长, 表明9株产酯化酶菌株均有良好的耐盐碱性能。因此, 对其进行下一步实验。
酯化酶能够催化己酸、乙酸、丁酸和乳酸等小分子酸与乙醇反应, 生成己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯等酯化物质。由图6可知, 以己酸为底物, 不加酶液为对照时, 菌株CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5能够产生酯化酶, 以己酸为底物时, 酶活力分别为69.93、70.62、6.01、67.65、35.31、48.51、69.24和71.45 U/mL, 其中菌株P5-5酯化酶活力最高; 菌株CZ-3、CZ-1、CZ-15、CZ-8次之, 菌株CZ-5最低, 酯化酶活力为6.01 U/mL, 菌株CZ-10无酯化酶活力。
本研究对菌株CZ-1、CZ-3、CZ-5、CZ-8、CZ-9、CZ-10、CZ-13、CZ-15和P5-5发酵液进行了挥发性成分鉴定, 利用气相色谱-质谱峰面积归一化法测定了各化学成分的相对质量分数, 经鉴定共得到68种挥发性有机物(表3)。由表3可知, 根据官能团的不同, 可将挥发性有机物分为醇、醛、醚、胺、酮、酯、酸和其他8个大类, 其中其他类包含烷烃、烯烃和炔烃等。醇类挥发性成分12种, 醛类挥发性成分7种, 醚类挥发性成分1种, 胺类挥发性成分3种, 酮类挥发性成分11种, 酯类挥发性成分9种, 酸类挥发性成分3种和其他类挥发性成分22种。就确认的挥发性化学成分, CZ-1发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有13种, 吲哚含量最高, 相对含量为66.33%, 其次依次为苯甲醛、二甲醚、苯乙酸乙酯和苯并噻唑, 相对含量分别为7.13%、5.11%、1.30%、0.87%, 其余化合物包括叔丁醇、2-甲基丁醇和2-丁醇等; CZ-3发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有12种, 正戊醇含量最高, 相对含量为31.82%, 其次依次为2-乙氧基乙腈和氮杂环丁烷, 相对含量分别为14.48%、3.42%, 其余化合物还包括2-乙基己醇、苯甲醛和苯乙醛等; CZ-5发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有12种, 吲哚含量最高, 相对含量为54.17%, 其次依次为苯甲醛、二甲醚和苯乙酸乙酯, 相对含量分别为5.28%、5.14%和0.95%, 其余化合物还包括2-甲基丁醇、苏合香醇、三甲氧基酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯等; CZ-8发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有13种, 吲哚含量最高, 相对含量为61.76%, 其次依次为苯甲醛、二甲醚、苯并噻唑和苯乙酸乙酯, 相对含量分别为5.36%、5.07%、1.01%和0.99%, 其余化合物还包括4-乙基-1-辛炔-3-醇、烯丙基正丙酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯等; CZ-9发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有18种, 苯甲醛含量最高, 相对含量为37.40%, 其次依次为二甲醚、2-甲基丁醇、苯并噻唑和氮杂环丁烷, 相对含量分别为13.92%、2.09%、1.88%和1.16%, 其余化合物还包括2,5-二甲基嘧啶、苯乙酸乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯等; CZ-10发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有10种, 苯甲醛含量最高, 相对含量为13.63%, 其次依次为二甲醚、愈创木酚、苯并噻唑和2-乙基己醇, 相对含量分别为12.04%、2.34%、1.41%和1.17%, 其余化合物还包括苯乙醇、丙酮和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯等; CZ-13发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有22种, 3-羟基-2-丁酮含量最高, 相对含量为17.64%, 其次依次为苯甲醛、二甲醚、苯乙醇和2-乙基己醇, 相对含量分别为9.58%、9.27%、2.30%和2.22%, 其余化合物还包括1,3-苯二酚单苯甲酸酯、3-甲基-2-丁酮、乙酸乙烯酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯等; CZ-15发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有18种, 3-羟基-2-丁酮含量最高, 相对含量为18.98%, 其次依次为苯甲醛、二甲醚、2-庚酮和2-乙基己醇, 相对含量分别为10.62%、10.20%、2.58%和1.95%, 其余化合物还包括4-(苯甲酰氧基)-2-苯甲酸氯苯酯、烯丙基正丙酯和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯等; P5-5发酵液中鉴定出挥发性成分有29种, 苯乙醇含量最高, 相对含量为22.53%, 其次依次为正戊醇、2-甲基丁酸和氮杂环丁烷, 相对含量分别为17.54%、10.73%和6.66%, 其余化合物还包括叔丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、甲酸甲酯和环丁酮等。
本研究中筛选出的9株菌株均表现出良好的耐酸碱性, 能够在pH 2.0~11.0的范围内生长, 且部分菌株盐耐受性高达120 g/L, 这一特性使其在白酒酿造过程中具有重要的应用价值, 杨第芹[20]研究发现异常威克汉姆酵母P2菌株耐盐能力为7.0%, 发酵毕赤酵母W8耐盐能力为11.0%, 在白酒酿造过程中, 接种菌剂实验组含有的酯类、酮类和醇类均比对照组丰富。黄水作为白酒酿造的副产物, 通常含有高浓度的有机酸和盐分, 直接排放会对环境造成污染[21]。利用这些耐盐碱的产酯化酶菌株, 可以将黄水中的有机酸和乙醇转化为酯类物质, 不仅减少了环境污染, 还提升了黄水的经济价值[22], 筛选出的菌株在耐盐碱性方面表现较好, 尤其是菌株P5-5和CZ-3, 能够在极端pH (2.0~11.0)和高盐条件下(氯化钠浓度120 g/L)生长, 这为黄水的高值化利用提供了新的思路。
酯化酶是一类能够催化酯化反应的生物催化剂, 其活力直接影响酯类化合物的生成[23-26]。该研究发现, 菌株P5-5的酯化酶活力最高, 达到71.45 U/mL, 与已有研究相比, 菌株P5-5的酯化酶活力高于其他菌株, 表明其在酯类化合物生成方面具有显著优势。发酵液中检测到多种挥发性成分, 尤其是酯类化合物如乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯等, 这些物质是白酒香气的重要组成部分[27-32], 徐威[33]利用复合菌株在米酒发酵中的相互作用, 对米酒增香工艺进行了探索,提升了酒体中的乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和β-苯乙醇4种香型物质的含量, 得到一种香味突出的实验室半成品米酒。因此, 菌株P5-5在白酒酿造中的应用潜力较大, 气相色谱-质谱法分析表明, 本研究共检测到68种挥发性成分, 涵盖了醇类、醛类、醚类、胺类、酮类、酯类、酸类和其他类化合物。其中, 酯类化合物是主要的代谢产物, 具有丰富的香气特征, 这些酯类化合物的生成能够显著提升白酒的香气质量。此外, 醇类和醛类化合物也对白酒的风味有重要贡献, 如苯乙醇具有玫瑰香气, 苯甲醛具有杏仁香气, 其存在进一步丰富了白酒的香气层次。菌株 P5-5发酵液中检测到的29种挥发性成分, 为白酒风味的提升提供了新的可能性。通过酯化酶的催化作用, 可以将黄水中的有机酸和乙醇转化为酯类化合物, 从而提高白酒的香气和风味。此外, 酯化酶还可以用于丢糟发酵和白酒勾兑过程中, 进一步提升基酒的品质, 如Novozym435是一种商业化的固定化南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B, 具有较高的催化合成乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯的活性[34-35]
本研究从黄水中成功分离并鉴定了9株具有酯化酶活性的菌株, 分别为树状类芽孢杆菌、库氏类芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和满洲毕赤酵母。这些菌株表现出良好的耐盐碱性能。酯化酶活力测定表明, 菌株P5-5的酶活性最高(71.45 U/mL)。通过气相色谱-质谱法分析, 其发酵液中鉴定出68种挥发性成分, 包括醇类、醛类、醚类、胺类、酮类、酯类、酸类及杂环化合物, 其中酯类化合物贡献了主要风味特征。这为黄水的高值化利用提供了理论依据。未来可以进一步探索不同环境条件下黄水中微生物的多样性及其代谢特性, 为工业生产提供更为高效的生物催化剂。
  • 科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目(黔科合服企[2023]012)
  • 开发类科研院所技术开发研究专项资金项目(黔科合资[2024]001)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2022]重点002号)
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250108003
  • 接收时间:2025-01-08
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-08
基金
科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目(黔科合服企[2023]012)
开发类科研院所技术开发研究专项资金项目(黔科合资[2024]001)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2022]重点002号)
作者信息
    1 贵州省生物技术研究开发基地有限公司, 贵阳 550014
    2 贵州省科晖检验检测研究院有限公司, 贵阳 550014
    3 贵州省开阳县市场监督管理局检测中心, 贵阳 550300
    4 贵州奔福酒业集团有限公司, 仁怀 564500

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*杨熟英(1988—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为药学及食品科学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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