Article(id=1217529312249561825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211208641, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211208641, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211208641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211208641, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=195, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529313910506245, articleId=1217529312249561825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Characterization and antibacterial activity of edible composite films embedded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To prepare edible gelatin-corn starch bio-based composite film loaded with lactive Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9, and endow the film with antibacterial activity and excellent film properties. Methods Using gelatin and corn starch mixed film as substrate, the bacterial mud obtained by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 centrifugation was mixed into gelatin-corn starch mixture, and the living bacteria edible composite film was prepared by solution casting method. By measuring the characterization of the film and its antibacterial activity in vitro, the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 on the properties of gelatin-corn starch film were studied. Results The elongation at break of the gelatin-corn starch composite film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 increased by 35.51%, the moisture content decreased by 2.55%, and the water vapor permeability also decreased by 11.2%. This indicated that the ultraviolet barrier ability, water vapor permeability, elongation at break, and thermal stability of the film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 had all been improved. On the other hand, the addition of live bacteria gave the film antibacterial properties, and it had different degrees of inhibition on Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion In this study, gelatin-CXG9-corn starch antibacterial film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 is successfully prepared by using gelatin-corn starch as substrate, which reduces the burden of traditional packaging materials on the environment and opens up a new way for the development of food packaging field.

, correspAuthors=Li-Li ZHANG, Jian-Ming ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Huan-Huan LIU, Di WANG, Da-Qun LIU, Cheng-Cheng ZHANG, Li-Li ZHANG, Jian-Ming ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529316213179337, articleId=1217529312249561825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的可食用复合薄膜的制备表征及抗菌特性研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 制备负载活性植物乳植杆菌CXG9的可食用明胶-玉米淀粉生物基复合薄膜, 赋予薄膜抗菌活性和优良性能。方法 以明胶和玉米淀粉混合薄膜为基材, 将植物乳植杆菌CXG9离心所得菌泥混入明胶-玉米淀粉混合液中, 通过溶液浇铸法制备活菌可食用复合薄膜。通过对薄膜性能的表征和体外抗菌实验, 研究植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入对明胶-玉米淀粉薄膜性能的影响。结果 负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的明胶-玉米淀粉复合薄膜断裂伸长率提高35.51%, 水分含量下降2.55%, 水蒸气透过率下降11.2%, 说明负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9薄膜的紫外线阻隔能力、水蒸气透过率、断裂伸长率和热稳定性都有所改善。活菌的加入赋予薄膜抗菌性能, 对单增李斯特菌、志贺氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌都有不同的抑制程度。结论 本研究选用明胶-玉米淀粉为基质, 成功制备出负载了植物乳植杆菌CXG9的明胶-CXG9-玉米淀粉抗菌薄膜, 降低了传统包装材料对环境的负担, 为食品包装材料的开发开辟了新途径。

, correspAuthors=张莉丽, 章检明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张莉丽(1981—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为肠道微生物发酵。Email: ;
章检明(1990—), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:
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刘欢欢(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵。E-mail:

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刘欢欢(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵。E-mail:

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注: 不同字母表示各组间有显著性差异, P<0.05。图8同。

, figureFileSmall=s5ycVOq8717G6K4+u47sjA==, figureFileBig=hUaHxAkiTh/9X4Q4qc4t9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901261513474837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Images of laser confocal of film, figureFileSmall=jGss+GMd///ObI4XPqRn4A==, figureFileBig=ozxCYrWAA09d8Ua7ZMugwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901262851457822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图2, caption=薄膜激光共聚焦图片

注: A. GEL-CXG9-COS膜染色图; B. GEL-COS膜染色图; 红色荧光表示活菌。

, figureFileSmall=jGss+GMd///ObI4XPqRn4A==, figureFileBig=ozxCYrWAA09d8Ua7ZMugwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901262968898340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Images and SEM images of GEL-CXG9-COS and GEL-COS films, figureFileSmall=f/2IRuJX8paRqXUWvlAm0w==, figureFileBig=XBZlO/bzhUigfPjN89HDVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263090533164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GEL-CXG9-COS和GEL-COS薄膜图像和SEM图片

注: A. GEL-CXG9-COS膜; B. GEL-COS膜; A1、B1. GEL-CXG9-COS和GEL-COS薄膜图片; A2、B2. 800倍放大的薄膜表面SEM图像; A3、B3. 800倍放大的薄膜截面SEM图像; A4、B4. 3000倍放大的薄膜截面SEM图像。

, figureFileSmall=f/2IRuJX8paRqXUWvlAm0w==, figureFileBig=XBZlO/bzhUigfPjN89HDVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263212167992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Ultraviolet-visible spectra of films, figureFileSmall=nyGoYMony1jkKvc9RwKgYA==, figureFileBig=NeML4LAkRkQR9u+NZdLGpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263354774337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图4, caption=薄膜紫外可见光谱, figureFileSmall=nyGoYMony1jkKvc9RwKgYA==, figureFileBig=NeML4LAkRkQR9u+NZdLGpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263484797765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Infrared spectrogram of films, figureFileSmall=kpOZkRS2BilLqVAQ38ARIg==, figureFileBig=pwQPV+ElsKvgzhy+uK9+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263619015503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图5, caption=薄膜红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=kpOZkRS2BilLqVAQ38ARIg==, figureFileBig=pwQPV+ElsKvgzhy+uK9+gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263765816153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Thermogravimetric analysis images of films, figureFileSmall=6uAEn1mlJHMsOxD5vC4BfQ==, figureFileBig=HdQbeausKcjXUw03QkUk4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263904228194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图6, caption=薄膜热重分析图

注: A. 薄膜TG曲线; B. 薄膜DTG曲线。

, figureFileSmall=6uAEn1mlJHMsOxD5vC4BfQ==, figureFileBig=HdQbeausKcjXUw03QkUk4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901264025863016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=XRD pattern of films, figureFileSmall=jH9xMlR/0FBH3RDvuCs9PQ==, figureFileBig=OvchyefPA6PZ6iLTa2X12w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901264160080755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图7, caption=薄膜XRD图谱, figureFileSmall=jH9xMlR/0FBH3RDvuCs9PQ==, figureFileBig=OvchyefPA6PZ6iLTa2X12w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901264269132664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Viable counts of different indicator bacteria for no film, GEL-COS film and GEL-CXG9-COS film, figureFileSmall=y6rI9VpsiouqhvkHDlGGKQ==, figureFileBig=MqYV8ZLU+O1BS7extRowBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901264378184575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=图8, caption=无薄膜、GEL-COS薄膜和GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的不同指示菌活菌计数

注: A. 单增李斯特氏菌; B. 金黄色葡萄球菌; C. 志贺氏菌; D. 大肠杆菌; E. 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌; F. 铜绿假单胞菌。

, figureFileSmall=y6rI9VpsiouqhvkHDlGGKQ==, figureFileBig=MqYV8ZLU+O1BS7extRowBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901264491430788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chromatic aberration of films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 色差
L* a* b* ΔE*
GEL-COS 92.88±0.21a -0.17±0.06b 6.71±0.06b 1.37±0.037b
GEL-CXG9-
COS
92.94±0.21a -0.79±0.06a 9.08±0.09a 3.75±0.087a
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264625648526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

薄膜色差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 色差
L* a* b* ΔE*
GEL-COS 92.88±0.21a -0.17±0.06b 6.71±0.06b 1.37±0.037b
GEL-CXG9-
COS
92.94±0.21a -0.79±0.06a 9.08±0.09a 3.75±0.087a
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264759866265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Thickness and absorbance values of film

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 厚度/nm 吸光度值(600 nm)
GEL-COS 0.1296±0.0406a 0.1703±0.0364b
GEL-CXG9-COS 0.1545±0.0402a 0.2520±0.0365a
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264864723869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

薄膜厚度和吸光度值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 厚度/nm 吸光度值(600 nm)
GEL-COS 0.1296±0.0406a 0.1703±0.0364b
GEL-CXG9-COS 0.1545±0.0402a 0.2520±0.0365a
), ArticleFig(id=1217901265091216298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

MC, WS and WVP of the films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 MC/% WS/% WVP/
(10-11 g.m-1.s-1.Pa-1)
GEL-COS 17.26±0.20a 27.24±1.53a 5.72±0.19a
GEL-CXG9-
COS
14.71±0.61b 25.19±0.87a 5.08±0.19b
), ArticleFig(id=1217901265225434037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

薄膜MC、WS和WVP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 MC/% WS/% WVP/
(10-11 g.m-1.s-1.Pa-1)
GEL-COS 17.26±0.20a 27.24±1.53a 5.72±0.19a
GEL-CXG9-
COS
14.71±0.61b 25.19±0.87a 5.08±0.19b
), ArticleFig(id=1217901265330291645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

TS and EB of films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 TS/MPa EB/%
GEL-COS 3.41±0.07a 42.68±6.95b
GEL-CXG9-COS 4.03±0.29a 78.19±16.38a
), ArticleFig(id=1217901265439343559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529312249561825, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

薄膜TS和EB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜样品 TS/MPa EB/%
GEL-COS 3.41±0.07a 42.68±6.95b
GEL-CXG9-COS 4.03±0.29a 78.19±16.38a
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负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的可食用复合薄膜的制备表征及抗菌特性研究
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刘欢欢 1, 2 , 王娣 1, 2 , 刘大群 2 , 张程程 2 , 张莉丽 1, * , 章检明 2, 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(13): 195-204
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(13): 195-204
负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的可食用复合薄膜的制备表征及抗菌特性研究
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刘欢欢1, 2 , 王娣1, 2, 刘大群2, 张程程2, 张莉丽1, * , 章检明2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 东北农业大学食品学院, 乳品科学教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150030
  • 2 浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建), 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 杭州 310000
  • 3 农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 杭州 310000
  • 刘欢欢(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为微生物发酵。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张莉丽(1981—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为肠道微生物发酵。Email: ;
章检明(1990—), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:
Characterization and antibacterial activity of edible composite films embedded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9
Huan-Huan LIU1, 2 , Di WANG1, 2, Da-Qun LIU2, Cheng-Cheng ZHANG2, Li-Li ZHANG1, * , Jian-Ming ZHANG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 2 Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Hangzhou 310000, China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Hangzhou 310000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121004
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目的 制备负载活性植物乳植杆菌CXG9的可食用明胶-玉米淀粉生物基复合薄膜, 赋予薄膜抗菌活性和优良性能。方法 以明胶和玉米淀粉混合薄膜为基材, 将植物乳植杆菌CXG9离心所得菌泥混入明胶-玉米淀粉混合液中, 通过溶液浇铸法制备活菌可食用复合薄膜。通过对薄膜性能的表征和体外抗菌实验, 研究植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入对明胶-玉米淀粉薄膜性能的影响。结果 负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的明胶-玉米淀粉复合薄膜断裂伸长率提高35.51%, 水分含量下降2.55%, 水蒸气透过率下降11.2%, 说明负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9薄膜的紫外线阻隔能力、水蒸气透过率、断裂伸长率和热稳定性都有所改善。活菌的加入赋予薄膜抗菌性能, 对单增李斯特菌、志贺氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌都有不同的抑制程度。结论 本研究选用明胶-玉米淀粉为基质, 成功制备出负载了植物乳植杆菌CXG9的明胶-CXG9-玉米淀粉抗菌薄膜, 降低了传统包装材料对环境的负担, 为食品包装材料的开发开辟了新途径。

明胶  /  玉米淀粉  /  植物乳植杆菌CXG9  /  可食用薄膜  /  抑菌活性

Objective To prepare edible gelatin-corn starch bio-based composite film loaded with lactive Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9, and endow the film with antibacterial activity and excellent film properties. Methods Using gelatin and corn starch mixed film as substrate, the bacterial mud obtained by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 centrifugation was mixed into gelatin-corn starch mixture, and the living bacteria edible composite film was prepared by solution casting method. By measuring the characterization of the film and its antibacterial activity in vitro, the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 on the properties of gelatin-corn starch film were studied. Results The elongation at break of the gelatin-corn starch composite film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 increased by 35.51%, the moisture content decreased by 2.55%, and the water vapor permeability also decreased by 11.2%. This indicated that the ultraviolet barrier ability, water vapor permeability, elongation at break, and thermal stability of the film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 had all been improved. On the other hand, the addition of live bacteria gave the film antibacterial properties, and it had different degrees of inhibition on Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion In this study, gelatin-CXG9-corn starch antibacterial film loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9 is successfully prepared by using gelatin-corn starch as substrate, which reduces the burden of traditional packaging materials on the environment and opens up a new way for the development of food packaging field.

gelatin  /  corn starch  /  Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9  /  edible film  /  antibacterial activity
刘欢欢, 王娣, 刘大群, 张程程, 张莉丽, 章检明. 负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的可食用复合薄膜的制备表征及抗菌特性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 195 -204 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121004
Huan-Huan LIU, Di WANG, Da-Qun LIU, Cheng-Cheng ZHANG, Li-Li ZHANG, Jian-Ming ZHANG. Characterization and antibacterial activity of edible composite films embedded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CXG9[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 195 -204 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121004
随着大众对食品安全和环境保护的高度关注和重视, 可食用薄膜作为食品包装领域的新型材料, 近年来受到了广泛研究[1]。石油衍生塑料由于价格便宜是最常用的包装材料, 但使用后难以被生物降解, 对环境造成了严重的污染[2]。近年来生物基、环境友好型的可降解聚合物的开发、表征和应用一直是食品包装材料研究的重点, 这些天然聚合物食品包装材料主要由糖类、脂质和蛋白质等天然生物大分子制成[3], 与传统包装材料相比, 生物降解聚合物包装材料可以负载生物活性物质且绿色环保。目前众多类型的活性包装材料研究中, 抗菌活性包装由于能有效抑制食品中微生物生长并保证储藏过程中食品的安全性, 成为当前的研究重点。常用的抗菌活性物质有抗氧化剂、细菌素和益生菌等[4-5]。这些活性抗菌物质被认为是安全绿色的, 因此在食品包装材料领域具有广阔的研究前景[6-7]
明胶(gelatine, GEL)是由胶原蛋白部分水解产生的水溶性蛋白质, 由于具有天然成膜能力、生物相容性、无毒和生物降解性等优良特性成为目前研究的热点[8]; GEL具有优良的透明度、机械性能和生物降解性, 然而, 纯GEL薄膜通常具有高亲水性和可加工性弱等缺点, 有较强的膨胀和溶解倾向[9]。淀粉是植物生产的聚合物, 由直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成[10], 玉米淀粉(corn starch, COS)所含有羟基(hydroxide group, -OH)结构和高含量的直链淀粉赋予了它良好的物理和机械性[11]。然而, 单一的COS可食用薄膜在性能上也存在一些局限性, 如机械强度较低、柔韧性不足等[12], 通常将COS与其他物质进行复合去改善薄膜的性能。
GEL具有良好的成膜性和柔韧性, 但单独GEL膜存在阻隔性不足等缺点, 同样COS来源广泛且成本低, 但其制成的薄膜机械强度较差。可将二者混合, GEL中氨基化合物与多糖中羰基化合物在加热条件下容易发生美拉德反应, 这种共价交联可以改善薄膜机械性能、阻隔性能、水溶性(water solubility, WS)等[13-14]; 另一方面GEL分子中的极性基团(如-OH、氨基等)与COS分子中的-OH等基团之间会形成氢键, 这种分子间的相互作用促使它们形成更为紧密和有序的网络结构[15]。此外, 可以向GEL和COS混合液中添加增塑剂甘油, 提高薄膜的相容性、光滑度和水蒸气渗透性等。FAKHOURI等[16]研究发现在淀粉混合薄膜溶液中添加增塑剂甘油后, 薄膜的拉伸强度(tensile strength, TS)达到99.83 MPa。
乳酸菌是一种在国际食品药品管理组织被视为安全微生物并被合格安全推定, 在食品生物保鲜应用中被认为是防止病原微生物生长的替代方案[17-18]。但是目前在工业食品加工和产品的保质期内, 乳酸菌的应用还面临诸多挑战, 在此背景下, 可食用聚合物生物基负载乳酸菌等相关研究应运而生, 以开发可食用活性生物食品包装材料作为控制病原微生物、提高食品安全及有利于消费者健康的替代方法[19]。乳酸菌的掺入不仅有望发挥乳酸菌的益生功能, 还能借助可食用薄膜的保护和控释作用, 提高乳酸菌在复杂环境中的稳定性和有效性[20]; 另外, 乳酸菌的代谢活动也可以提高薄膜的机械性能并赋予薄膜的抗菌性能, 使其对常见的食源性病原体和腐败微生物具有更强的抑制作用[21-22]。LI等[23]研究发现在基于木薯淀粉的薄膜负载乳酸菌后, 复合薄膜的抗氧化性和紫外防护能力得到了提高。然而, 目前只有少数研究使用乳酸菌包埋在复合薄膜中。
目前, 对于抗菌薄膜的基材选取单一且抗菌物质主要为天然抗菌剂或无机抗菌剂, 制备的抗菌薄膜很多不能与食品直接接触。同时, 对于直接添加活菌去赋予薄膜抗菌性能的研究较少。ZHANG等[24]从传统发酵蔬菜中成功分离出一株高产L-苯乳酸(L-phenyllactic acid, L-PLA)的菌株植物乳植物杆菌CXG9, 提取得到的PLA含量可达0.60 mmol/L。L-PLA作为天然的抗菌剂, 具有稳定性强和安全无害等特点, 多应用于食品保鲜。植物乳植杆菌是一种被归类于安全细菌, 它们的代谢物也被认为是安全的, 所以由乳酸菌合成的L-PLA更加安全[25]。因此基于以上背景和研究结果, 本研究制备负载活菌可食用复合薄膜CEL-CXG9-COS, 旨在改善薄膜的机械性能并增加薄膜抗菌活性, 从而抑制食品表面有害微生物的生长繁殖, 延长食品的保质期。为食品包装发展方向提供了新的思路和方向。
植物乳植杆菌CXG9分离来源于传统发酵蔬菜, 指示菌为单增李斯特菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。以上所以菌株均保藏于浙江省农业科学院蔬菜粮油加工实验室, 使用时需活化两次。
MRS肉汤培养基、TSB培养基(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); GEL、COS(上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 甘油(无锡市晶科化工有限公司); 琼脂粉(青岛海博生物技术有限公司); PKH26红色荧光细胞膜染色试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。
HJ-6A磁力搅拌器(金坛区西城新瑞仪器厂); DHG-9070A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海精宏设备有限公司); SW-CJ-IFO超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); XQ.SG41.280A灭菌锅(上海医用仪器厂); AE100S电子分析天平(感量0.1 mg, 瑞士梅特勒托力多仪器有限公司)、3~30k冷冻离心机(德国Sigma公司); 0~200 mm螺旋测微器(德清盛泰芯电子科技有限公司); CM~700D/600D分光测色计(杭州柯盛行仪器有限公司); AUTO W812增减重水蒸气透过率测定仪(广州标际包装设备有限公司); UV-2600紫外可见酶标仪(上海尤尼柯仪器有限公司); FV400激光共聚焦扫描电子显微镜(日本奥林巴斯株式会社); Regulus8100扫描电子显微镜(北京日立科学仪器有限公司); CMT6130微机控制电子万能材料试验机(深圳市世纪天源仪器有限公司); VERTEX70傅里叶红外光谱仪(德国布鲁克公司); TGA209F1热重分析仪(上海耐驰科学仪器商贸有限公司); Ultima IV X射线衍射仪(日本株式会社理学公司)。
选用GEL和COS作为混合薄膜的基质材, 在CHEN等[26]方法基础上优化改进; 植物乳植杆菌CXG9在MRS培养基中培养至对数生长期, 将发酵菌液在8000 r/min, 4 ℃条件下离心8 min后收集菌体, 用无菌生理盐水洗涤2次后备用。分别称取3 g COS和1.5 g GEL, 并将有机玻璃板和称取好的COS和GEL放入超净台紫外灭菌30 min备用。量取2份100 mL无菌水于烧杯中使用磁力搅拌器加热, 磁力搅拌器的参数分别设置为80 ℃、800 r/min和50 ℃、800 r/min, 随后将COS和GEL分别缓慢加入到80 ℃和50 ℃无菌水中, 持续搅拌待完全溶解后, 分别加入0.5 g甘油, 在 25 ℃、600 r/min条件下搅拌至完全混匀, 随后将制备好的GEL溶液与COS溶液以1:1 (V:V)比例混合后继续在50 ℃、800 r/min的条件下搅拌40 min, 冷却至室温后将收集的菌体与GEL-COS混合液以1:1混合, 室温800 r/min继续搅拌25 min直至菌体与溶液混匀, 最后使用溶液浇铸法将30 mL混合溶液均匀的倾倒在有机玻璃板(10 cm×10 cm), 放入烘箱中38 ℃条件下干燥8 h, 冷却后揭膜制备GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜, 保存备用。按照上述方法制备不加植物乳植杆菌CXG9的GEL-COS薄膜作为对照组。
使用连续稀释法获得发酵液和薄膜中植物乳植杆菌CXG9的活菌计数。取100 μL植物乳植杆菌CXG9发酵液进行梯度稀释, 平板菌落计数测定记录原始菌液中植物乳植杆菌CXG9的总数记为A1 (log CFU/mL), 将干燥后的活菌薄膜裁剪成2 cm×2 cm小正方形块状, 溶解于2 mL无菌水中充分振荡, 按照上述方法测定薄膜中的活菌数量记为A2 (log CFU/mL)。存活率(V)计算公式(1)如下。
V/%=$\frac{{{A}_{\text{1}}}}{{{A}_{2}}}$×100
使用PKH26红色荧光对植物乳植杆菌CXG9进行标记, 按照PKH26红色荧光细胞膜染色试剂盒方法染色。将成功染色的菌体被加入GEL-COS混合溶液中搅拌均匀, 制成薄膜, 参照方法1.3.1。将干燥后的薄膜裁剪成2 cm×2 cm, 使用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜对待测薄膜观察。
将待测薄膜固定在样品台上, 真空状态下喷金。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察在800×倍数和3000×倍数放大倍数下薄膜表面和横截面的微观结构。电子束加速电压为1.5 kV。
使用螺旋测微器在待测薄膜的边缘处和中心选择6个不同的点测量薄膜的平均厚度, 数值精确至0.001 mm。
使用分光测色计测量薄膜样品的颜色。以白色标准板(L*=92.38, a*=−0.04, b*=5.46)作为背景, 样品取6个不同位置进行测量, 以获得L*(亮度)、a*(红/绿色)和b*(黄/蓝)的数值。使用以公式(2)计算总色差(ΔE*):
$\Delta {{E}^{*}}=\sqrt{\left[ {{\text{(}\Delta {{L}^{*}}\text{)}}^{2}}+{{\text{(}\Delta {{a}^{*}}\text{)}}^{2}}+{{\text{(}\Delta {{b}^{*}}\text{)}}^{2}} \right]}$
式中: ΔL*、Δa*和Δb*是薄膜样品与标准白色板的相应颜色值之间的差异。其中a*表示绿色(负)到红色(正)颜色范围, b*表示蓝色(负)到黄色(正)颜色范围。
将待测薄膜分别裁剪至(6 mm×6 mm), 使用紫外-可见酶标仪在200~800 nm的波长范围内以10 nm的扫描间隔测量其光学特性。
根据LI等[27]和HAGHIGHI等[28]方法进行优化后对薄膜样品的水分含量(moisture content, MC)和WS进行了测定, 将薄膜剪裁成2 cm×2 cm小块薄膜, 记录薄膜初始重量(Mw)。接着, 将薄膜置于105 ℃烘箱中每隔30 min称重记录, 直到达到恒定的重量(Md)为止。MC的计算如公式(3)[29]:
MC/%=$\frac{{{M}_{w}}-{{M}_{d}}}{{{M}_{w}}}$×100
式中: Mw为初始重量, g; Md为恒定重量, g。
将以上烘干至恒重的薄膜样品完全浸没在50 mL蒸馏水中, 浸泡24 h后将未溶解的薄膜样品在105 ℃条件下干燥至恒定重量并重新称重(Mf)。WS的计算公式(4)如下[29]:
WS/%=$\frac{{{M}_{d}}-{{M}_{f}}}{{{M}_{d}}}$×100
式中: Md为恒定重量, g; Mf为恒定重量, g。
参照GB/T 1037—2021《塑料薄膜和薄片水蒸气透过率的测定》测定水蒸气透过率(water vapor permeability rate, WVP), 10−11 .g.m−1.s−1.Pa−1。计算公式(5)如下:
WVP=$\frac{\Delta w\times d}{\Delta t\times A\times p}$
式中: Δw为杯子的重量增量, g; Δt为时间, h; d为薄膜厚度, m; A为薄膜的面积, m2; p为38 ℃下水的饱和蒸汽压, 6619.34 Pa。
TS和断裂伸长率(elongation at break, EB)根据GB/T 13022—91《塑料 薄膜拉伸性能试验方法》使用微机控制电子万能材料试验机测定。将薄膜切割成矩形条(60 mm× 15 mm), 恒定速度设置为50 mm/min。
傅里叶红外光谱仪在400~4000 cm-1的范围内32次扫描测定样品的红外吸收光谱, 分辨率为4 cm-1
使用热重分析仪测定薄膜样品的热稳定性。将样品装入热重分析仪天平中的铝坩埚中。在30~800 °C温度范围内的氮气气氛中以10 °C/min的加热速率测定。
X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction, XRD)在室温下以40 kV和40 mA的条件下分析测定薄膜的 XRD光谱。广角X射线衍射角度在10°~80°的散射范围内以5°/min的速率收集2θ扫描数据。
选择单增李斯特氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌作为指示菌, 参照ZHANG等[30]方法优化后测定薄膜的抗菌活性。使用菌落计数法, 裁剪2块2 cm×2 cm薄膜样品放入5 mL的TSB液体培养基中, 接着在试管中接种50 μL的指示菌(106 CFU/mL), 放置于37 ℃培养箱中下孵育24 h后, 吸取100 μL发酵薄膜菌液, 无菌水梯度稀释后均匀涂布在TSB固体平板表面, 37 ℃下孵育24 h后对菌落进行计数。
所有数据均重复3次, 使用SPSS 25.0进行显著性分析, 采用Origin 2021进行绘图。
植物乳植杆菌CXG9的活力影响薄膜功能的关键决定因素, 是评估膜功效的主要指标[31]。植物乳植杆菌在食用薄膜溶液中的活力可能取决于薄膜基材, 如图1所示, 该实验中干燥后薄膜中植物乳植杆菌CXG9的活菌数为6.80 log CFU/mL, 相较于发酵液中的活菌数(9.48 log CFU/mL)损失了2.68 log CFU/mL, 干燥后植物乳植杆菌CXG9的活菌数有所下降, 这与有关报告一致[32]。但存活率可达到71.73%, 说明植物乳植杆菌CXG9在干燥后仍保持优良的活力。
为了验证评估植物乳植杆菌CXG9在复合薄膜分布状态及负载情况, 使用激光共聚焦显微镜获得了GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜和GEL-COS薄膜的荧光图像。结果如图2所示, 相比未加菌薄膜(图2B), 在活菌复合薄膜中观察大量分布均匀的红色荧光(图2A), 验证了植物乳植杆菌CXG9成功负载到复合薄膜中且分布良好。
通过SEM进一步观察复合薄膜微观结构。如图3所示, 1×倍数形态图像显示所有薄膜均光滑、有弹性、均匀且清晰。此外薄膜横截面的SEM图像清晰显示两组薄膜的区别, GEL-COS薄膜横截面呈现出鳞片状和纤维状外观, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜呈现紧密、连贯的空间结构, 观察到的网状和纤维结构较少, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜中植物乳植杆菌CXG9杆状结构清晰可见, 证明植物乳植杆菌CXG9成功嵌入混合薄膜中。EBRAHIMI等[33]研究发现, 益生菌掺入薄膜中不会导致薄膜的高度穿孔结构, 这与本研究结果也基本一致。
薄膜的颜色是食品包装材料的重要参数, 表1所示, 薄膜的L*均大于92并且两种薄膜的L*之间没有显著差异(P>0.05), 表明薄膜都清晰透明并且植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入未改变薄膜的光度, 该结果与先前的研究一致[33]。活菌复合薄膜相较于未加菌薄膜, a*显著降低(P<0.05), 而b*显著增加(P<0.05), 添加植物乳植杆菌CXG9后提高的了薄膜黄色和绿色颜色的深度, 同时两种薄膜的a*都为负值, b*为正值, 说明所有膜都偏向于显示黄绿色; 此外, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜和GEL-COS薄膜总色差(ΔE*)分别为3.75和1.37, 二者具有显著差异(P<0.05), 表明活菌会改变活性材料的总颜色特性, 结果与MA等[32]研究一致, 这可能是由于两种益生菌在溶液中的天然黄棕色, 所以加菌薄膜整体颜色呈现出淡黄色, 但从实际应用角度来看, 由植物乳植杆菌CXG9导致的薄膜外观变化较小。
表2所示, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜和GEL-COS薄膜的厚度分别为0.1545 mm和0.1296 mm, 由于植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入, 薄膜中的固体含量增加使薄膜的厚度一定程度上有所增加, 但与未加菌薄膜无显著差异(P>0.05)。
光学特性也是食品薄膜延长食品保质期的重要特征, 与GEL-COS薄膜相比, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜透光率降低(图4), 推测活菌可能改变了薄膜的结构, 吸收峰会增强使得吸光度增加, 导致透光率降低。所以活菌的掺入能更好的阻隔紫外线和可见光, 从而最大限度降低紫外线所引起的脂质氧化、营养损失和异味。KANMANI等[34]研究发现负载活菌的薄膜会增加薄膜的不透明度。同时, 表2结果发现两种薄膜在600 nm处的吸光度值均小于1, 表明薄膜清晰透明, 这与3层膜的色差分析结果一致。
MC、WS是影响薄膜储存活性和适用性的重要因素。结果如表3所示, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的MC为14.71%, 显著低于GEL-COS薄膜的17.26%, 加菌薄膜的MC含量下降了2.55%。测定结果与相关研究相似[32], 认为高浓度的益生菌含有更多的固体, 从而能够形成更厚的薄膜并减少水的保留。也可能由于加入植物乳植杆菌CXG9后在混合薄膜内建立了空间位点屏障, 阻碍了薄膜形成过程中有序分子间聚集体的形成, 导致更多的水分子隔离在聚合物网外, 水分子结合的氢键减少, 膜的MC也随之降低。活菌复合薄膜的WS要低于未加菌薄膜, 分别为25.19%和27.24%, 但二者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。该结果可能是因为聚合物之间发生分子相互作用, 形成一个比较致密的网络状结构, 水分子很难从外界进入膜层中[34]。以上结果证明了植物乳植杆菌CXG9的掺入增强了食用薄膜的耐水性, 这对于保存高水活性食品(如新鲜食品)具有巨大潜力[35]
WVP是评价食品薄膜贮藏能力的一个重要参数。适当的水蒸汽渗透性能为食品提供良好的贮存环境, 从而延缓食品的腐败变质。表3所示, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的WVP为5.08×10-11 g.m-1.s-1.Pa-1, 显著低于未加菌薄膜的5.72×10-11 g.m-1.s-1.Pa-1。相比较而言, WVP下降了11.2%。AL-HASSAN等[36]研究发现甘油可以通过氢键与淀粉链聚合物相互作用使WVP下降, CHINMA等[37]报告由于蛋白质与淀粉相互作用降低了生物聚合物之间的流体动力学自由体积, 从而在空间上阻碍了水的分子迁移率, WVP下降。也有研究认为活菌会以不连续的颗粒形式被困在薄膜基质中, 影响链迁移率, 降低薄膜的WVP[34]。综上所述, 薄膜基材及活菌都会影响复合薄膜WVP的大小, 因此本研究中活菌的加入及薄膜基材的选择均有助于食品包装中对质量安全及保质期的控制。
食品包装薄膜的机械性能是影响薄膜在各种应用中的耐用性和多功能性的关键因素[37]。通过评价TS和EB进行评估。如表4所示, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的TS值为4.03 MPa, GEL-COS薄膜TS值略低于活菌复合薄膜(3.41 MPa), 二者无显著性差异(P>0.05)。然而GEL-CXG9 -COS薄膜的EB为78.19%, 比未加菌薄膜提高了35.51%, 说明活菌会增加薄膜的延展性。LA-STORIA等[38]研究发现LAB可与薄膜基材发生作用导致薄膜弹性增加。
通过傅里叶红外光谱分析植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入对GEL-COS薄膜中分子间作用力的影响, 结果显示活菌的掺入对每个吸收峰的强度没有显着影响。如图5所示, 在3200~3400 cm-1处有宽而强烈的吸收带, 归因于O-H和N-H的伸缩振动; 在约2933~2877 cm-1的宽频吸收带是由C-H的不对称伸缩振动引起[; 1633 cm-1(酰胺I)和1548 cm-1(酰胺II)处有两个明显的吸收峰, 分别由C=O的伸缩振动和C-N的伸缩振动和N-H的弯曲振动引起[39]。在1238 cm-1处的吸收峰归因于CH2基团的振动。在薄膜中加入甘油作为增塑剂所产生的1033 cm-1处的吸收峰, 是由OH基团的振动引起;此外, 在922 cm-1和844 cm-1处两个吸收峰分别由O-H和C-H的共混振动引起[26]。对比实验组和对照组发现, 活菌薄膜O-H和N-H的吸收峰(3200~3400 cm−1)峰宽略微缩小, 这表明植物乳植杆菌CXG9的存在可能导致氢键相互作用的改变, 但不会改变薄膜的主要化学结构。该结果与ODILA-PEREIRA等[40]结果相似。这间接表明可薄膜可以有效地掺入植物乳植杆菌CXG9。
薄膜的TG和DTG曲线如图6所示。GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜和GEL-COS薄膜的热损失趋势相似, 热降解都可分为3个阶段。如图6所示, 第一阶段, 在30~150 ℃的温度范围内, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜和GEL-COS薄膜的损失率分别为7.63%和11.69%, 由于COS和GEL等物质可以吸收环境中的水分, 所以该阶段的损失主要是薄膜中水分的蒸发; 对比对照组薄膜, 活菌薄膜失重幅度较小, 这一结果由于掺入的活菌与薄膜形成紧密的复合结构, 在加热过程中, 薄膜的质量损失速率会减慢该阶段的损失。实验薄膜的主要损失发生在第二阶段150~400 ℃温度范围内, 活菌薄膜和未加菌薄膜重量损失率分别为61.4%和60.18%; 在该阶段的300 ℃左右实验组和对照组薄膜的质量损失速率最大(7.1%/min~7.15%/min), 最后第三阶段400~797 ℃温度范围内, 实验组和对照组薄膜膜重量损失率分别约为9.16%和8.88%, 这是由于进一步分解成少量的炭。此外, 实验组薄膜碳残留率约为21.82%, 对照组薄膜碳残留物为19.16%, 无显著差异。上述结果表明植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入一定程度上可以提高薄膜的热稳定性。
图7所示, 在2θ=20°处显示GEL的特征峰, 表明了GEL的晶体结构, COS的特征峰约为2θ=19°[26], 表明所有薄膜的COS层呈现出典型A型晶体结构, GEL-COS组薄膜相较于GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的峰宽和峰高都略高。研究表明峰宽和峰高代表结晶度的质量, 所以活菌的添加可能会导致材料结晶度下降, 从而使XRD峰高降低, 同时由于结晶度降低, 结晶过程被抑制, 晶体不能充分生长导致峰的宽度降低。
使用平板菌落计数方法测定了无薄膜、GEL-COS薄膜及GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的不同指示菌的活菌计数。结果如图8所示, 相比于不加薄膜的原始单增李斯特菌菌落计数9.00 log CFU/mL, 加入GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的单增李斯特菌发酵液的平板菌落计数为8.30 log CFU/mL, 显著低于无膜发酵液单增李斯特氏菌落计数和加GEL-COS薄膜的单增李斯特氏菌的菌落计数8.91 log CFU/mL (P<0.05)。同样, 加入GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜的志贺氏菌发酵液平板菌落计数为7.48 log CFU/mL, 相较于原始志贺氏菌发酵液菌落计数和GEL-COS薄膜的志贺氏菌发酵液的菌落计数显著减少0.69 log CFU/mL (P<0.05); GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜对于铜绿假单胞菌的抑制效果虽然没有单增李斯特菌和志贺氏菌明显, 但与原始铜绿假单胞菌发酵液中的菌落计数(8.72 log CFU/mL)和GEL-COS薄膜的菌落计数对比(8.71 log CFU/mL)分别减少了0.31 log CFU/mL和0.30 log CFU/mL, 除此之外, GEL-CXG9-COS薄膜对于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性均不显著。YANG等[41]分离出一株表现出广谱抗菌活性植物乳植杆菌菌株, 也证明该菌株可以拮抗多种食源性病原菌, 对单增李斯特菌的抑制作用显著。
本研究以GEL和COS为基质通过溶液浇铸法制备了负载植物乳植杆菌CXG9的活性复合薄膜, 通过用SEM和激光共聚焦显微镜验证了植物乳植杆菌CXG9被成功嵌入混合薄膜中且活菌的掺入会使薄膜整体更紧密连贯。以薄膜的机械性能、色差、WVP、WS、热稳定性、红外光谱等评价指标, 分析得出活菌的加入增强了薄膜的紫外阻隔能力, WVP和EB都有所改善, 其中EB提高了35.51%; 对热稳定和红外光谱分析得出植物乳植杆菌CXG9的加入不会改变薄膜的主要化学结构并且一定程度上可以提高薄膜的热稳定性。薄膜的抑菌性能结果显示, 加菌薄膜对6种指示菌都有不同程度的抑制, 对单增李斯特菌(8.30 log CFU/mL)和志贺氏菌(7.48 log CFU/mL)抑制效果显著高于其他指示菌。本研究可为活性复合膜的开发提供理论基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32101920)
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121004
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32101920)
作者信息
    1 东北农业大学食品学院, 乳品科学教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150030
    2 浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 农业农村部蔬菜采后保鲜与加工重点实验室(部省共建), 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 杭州 310000
    3 农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 杭州 310000

通讯作者:

*张莉丽(1981—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为肠道微生物发酵。Email: ;
章检明(1990—), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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