Article(id=1217529311893045958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250305001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211208556, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211208556, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211208556, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211208556, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=93, endPage=99, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529312337642216, articleId=1217529311893045958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Metals elements quality safety analysis and comprehensive evaluation of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou, columnId=1217529311867883548, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Analysis and Monitoring of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the levels of metal elements contamination in Morella ruba Lour. from different production areas in Wenzhou and establish a comprehensive evaluation system. Methods The 121 Morella ruba Lour. samples and 68 soil samples from Morella ruba Lour. planting sites in Wenzhou were studied. The pH of the soil and 6 kinds of metal elements indicators, including chromium, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, in both the soil and fruits were measured and analyzed. A fruit-soil correlation model (incorporating correlation analysis and principal component analysis of 13 parameters across 54 samples) was established. Results The qualification rate of Morella ruba Lour. samples was 94.21%, while the qualification rate of soil samples was only 39.71%; there was a varying degree of correlation between the metal elements content in Morella ruba Lour. fruits and soil, with a strong positive correlation between mercury in Morella ruba Lour. fruits and chromium and nickel in soil; principal component analysis identified chromium and cadmium in soil, as well as nickel, lead and arsenic in Morella ruba Lour., as the core indicators for evaluating the metal elements quality and safety of Morella ruba Lour.. Conclusion This study established a comprehensive evaluation system for metal elements quality safety in Morella ruba Lour., providing methodological references for regional agricultural product safety regulation.

, correspAuthors=Hai-Tao XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiu-Mei LIANG, Guan-Ju CHEN, Fan-Xuan KONG, Qian XUN, Xiu-Zhu GUO, Ru-Yi HE, Hai-Tao XIA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529315013608284, articleId=1217529311893045958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=温州杨梅金属元素质量安全分析与综合评价, columnId=1217529312056627244, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 评估温州市不同产地杨梅中金属元素含量水平并构建综合评价体系。方法 以温州市121份杨梅果实和68份杨梅种植处土壤为研究对象, 对土壤中pH及土壤和果实中铬、镍、砷、镉、汞、铅6种金属元素指标进行测定和分析; 并建立果实-土壤关联模型(54组样本的13项指标相关性及主成分分析)。结果 杨梅果实样品合格率为94.21%, 而土壤样品合格率仅为39.71%; 杨梅果实与土壤中金属元素含量存在不同程度的相关性, 其中杨梅果实中汞与土壤中铬、镍存在强的正相关性; 主成分分析筛选出土壤中铬、镉以及杨梅果实中镍、铅和砷含量是杨梅金属元素质量安全评价的核心指标。结论 本研究建立了杨梅金属元素质量安全综合评价体系, 为区域农产品安全监管提供方法学参考。

, correspAuthors=夏海涛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*夏海涛(1983—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为山特产品品质与环境评价。E-mail:
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梁秀美(1990—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全风险评估。E-mail:

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梁秀美(1990—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全风险评估。E-mail:

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梁秀美(1990—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全风险评估。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(10): 49-55., articleTitle=Study on meat quality evaluation of Ningdu yellow chicken based on correlation and principal component analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901271982461183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=392, pageEnd=402, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=43, authorNames=赵双, 黄颖宏, 郄红丽, journalName=果树学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵双, 黄颖宏, 郄红丽. 30个杨梅品种果实品质分析与综合评价[J]. 果树学报, 2024, 41(3): 392-402., articleTitle=30个杨梅品种果实品质分析与综合评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901272070541567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=392, pageEnd=402, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=44, authorNames=ZHAO S, HUANG YH, QI HL, journalName=Journal of Fruit Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO S, HUANG YH, QI HL. 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Journal of Fruit Science, 2024, 41(3): 392-402., articleTitle=Fruit quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 30 bayberry varieties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901272141844735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=15, pageStart=155, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=45, authorNames=常虹, 张翼钊, 钱建平, journalName=食品研究与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=常虹, 张翼钊, 钱建平, 等. 不同品种猕猴桃多酚和类胡萝卜素组成的主成分分析[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2024, 45(15): 155-163., articleTitle=不同品种猕猴桃多酚和类胡萝卜素组成的主成分分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901272238313729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=15, pageStart=155, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=CHANG H, ZHANG YZ, QIAN JP, journalName=Food Research and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANG H, ZHANG YZ, QIAN JP, et al. 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Food Research and Development, 2024, 45(15): 155-163., articleTitle=Principal component analysis of polyphenols and carotenoids in different kiwifruit cultivars, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901272305422595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=52, issue=15, pageStart=140, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=47, authorNames=孙烨, journalName=安徽农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙烨. 基于主成分分析的云阳县油桐果实品质综合评价研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2024, 52(15): 140-142, 156., articleTitle=基于主成分分析的云阳县油桐果实品质综合评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901272385114374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=52, issue=15, pageStart=140, pageEnd=142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=48, authorNames=SUN Y, journalName=Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y. 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Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 52(15): 140-142, 156., articleTitle=Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of Vernicia fordii based on principal component analysis in Yunyang County, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217901264864727085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, awardId=2023SNJF015, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SNJF015), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901264952807474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, awardId=2021C02066-2, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省科技计划项目(2021C02066-2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901265024110647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, awardId=OHKC2024009, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省农业科学院瓯海科创中心产业科技服务团项目(OHKC2024009), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901265099608123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, awardId=tg2024016, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省农业科学院科技新成果示范推广项目(tg2024016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901265204465728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, awardId=STY2024002, language=CN, fundingSource=千亩农地土壤质量监测与评价项目(STY2024002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217901265309323336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, awardId=NY202401, language=CN, fundingSource=温州市高水平创新团队“沿海特色植物创新和利用团队项目”(NY202401), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901254836146743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901254844535351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, companyId=1217901254836146743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou 325005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901255041667656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, companyId=1217901254836146743, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 浙江省亚热带作物研究所, 温州 325005)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217901255188468308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901255205245525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, companyId=1217901255188468308, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Plant Resources, Wenzhou 325005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901255213634134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, companyId=1217901255188468308, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 温州市资源植物创新利用重点实验室, 温州 325005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901261261820852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Sampling information of Morella ruba Lour. and soil, figureFileSmall=G0AYkRSHpVIjNMuhOsohHQ==, figureFileBig=o4JnCXTaDKdVqPwiSwHifg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901261387649980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=图1, caption=杨梅果实和种植处土壤采样信息

注: 本研究中采样区县采用拼音首字母进行表示, 下同。

, figureFileSmall=G0AYkRSHpVIjNMuhOsohHQ==, figureFileBig=o4JnCXTaDKdVqPwiSwHifg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901261500896199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Qualified rate of metals elements in the fruit and soil of Morella ruba Lour. in different regions of Wenzhou (%), figureFileSmall=IbdipCxM89hggVYuFQxkzw==, figureFileBig=T7+FL8JxVJXgRXtMwIYYKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901262830490573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=图2, caption=温州不同地区杨梅果实和种植处土壤中金属元素合格率(%), figureFileSmall=IbdipCxM89hggVYuFQxkzw==, figureFileBig=T7+FL8JxVJXgRXtMwIYYKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901262956319699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Qualified rates of metals elements in the fruits and soil of different varieties of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou (%), figureFileSmall=9/orl++fUng6UpM3Ju4QxA==, figureFileBig=MM7AuOeSt13/V0W/YFEZqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263090537436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=图3, caption=温州不同杨梅品种果实和种植处土壤中金属元素合格率(%), figureFileSmall=9/orl++fUng6UpM3Ju4QxA==, figureFileBig=MM7AuOeSt13/V0W/YFEZqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263203783650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Principal component analysis ranking of Morella ruba Lour. in different areas of Wenzhou, figureFileSmall=v7UAA+fJ9IXy8zECmn/oGQ==, figureFileBig=G+X2XbDiYZtWpKDhymDuGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263338001384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=图4, caption=温州不同地区杨梅主成分分析得分, figureFileSmall=v7UAA+fJ9IXy8zECmn/oGQ==, figureFileBig=G+X2XbDiYZtWpKDhymDuGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263476413420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Principal component analysis ranking of different varieties of Wenzhou Morella ruba Lour., figureFileSmall=WgfUe3JlCha69Wwns4Nxtw==, figureFileBig=eJE7EyejW9VMMV0MB9yxwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263610631156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=图5, caption=温州不同杨梅品种主成分分析得分, figureFileSmall=WgfUe3JlCha69Wwns4Nxtw==, figureFileBig=eJE7EyejW9VMMV0MB9yxwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901263757431802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection results of metal elements pollution of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
金属元素 检出量/(mg/kg) 限量
/(mg/kg)
检出率
/%
合格率
/%
检测标准 检出限
/(mg/kg)
范围 中值 平均值
0.200~0.360 0.0250 0.069 9.09 100.00 GB 5009.268—2016 0.050
0.550~0.600 0.1000 0.143 1.65 100.00 0.200
0.005~0.020 0.0010 0.003 12.40 100.00 0.002
0.005~0.420 0.0024 0.011 0.05 22.31 94.21 0.002
0.079~0.136 0.0005 0.002 1.65 100.00 0.001
0.061 0.0100 0.012 0.10 0.83 100.00 0.020
), ArticleFig(id=1217901263891648512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

温州市杨梅果实中金属元素污染检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
金属元素 检出量/(mg/kg) 限量
/(mg/kg)
检出率
/%
合格率
/%
检测标准 检出限
/(mg/kg)
范围 中值 平均值
0.200~0.360 0.0250 0.069 9.09 100.00 GB 5009.268—2016 0.050
0.550~0.600 0.1000 0.143 1.65 100.00 0.200
0.005~0.020 0.0010 0.003 12.40 100.00 0.002
0.005~0.420 0.0024 0.011 0.05 22.31 94.21 0.002
0.079~0.136 0.0005 0.002 1.65 100.00 0.001
0.061 0.0100 0.012 0.10 0.83 100.00 0.020
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264009089030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of metal element pollution detection in soil of Morella ruba Lour. planting area in Wenzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
金属
元素
检出量/(mg/kg) 限量/(mg/kg) 检出率
/%
合格率
/%
检测标准 检出限
/(mg/kg)
范围 中值 平均 pH≤5.5 5.5<pH≤6.5
pH 3.57~5.83 4.35 4.33 / / / / NY/T 1121.2—2006 /
7.49~168.00 16.20 19.63 150 150 97.06 98.53 HJ 491—2019 4.00
3.12~56.30 8.30 9.28 60 70 100.00 100.00 3.00
0.410~757.000 6.345 82.283 40 40 98.53 75.00 GB/T22105.2—2008 0.010
0.011~1.430 0.120 0.211 0.3 0.3 95.59 83.82 GB/T 17141—1997 0.010
0.10~81.10 21.45 22.55 70 90 79.41 97.06 0.10
0.021~80.400 0.081 7.900 1.3 1.8 100.00 73.53 GB/T22105.1—2008 0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264122335245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

温州市杨梅种植处土壤中金属元素污染检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
金属
元素
检出量/(mg/kg) 限量/(mg/kg) 检出率
/%
合格率
/%
检测标准 检出限
/(mg/kg)
范围 中值 平均 pH≤5.5 5.5<pH≤6.5
pH 3.57~5.83 4.35 4.33 / / / / NY/T 1121.2—2006 /
7.49~168.00 16.20 19.63 150 150 97.06 98.53 HJ 491—2019 4.00
3.12~56.30 8.30 9.28 60 70 100.00 100.00 3.00
0.410~757.000 6.345 82.283 40 40 98.53 75.00 GB/T22105.2—2008 0.010
0.011~1.430 0.120 0.211 0.3 0.3 95.59 83.82 GB/T 17141—1997 0.010
0.10~81.10 21.45 22.55 70 90 79.41 97.06 0.10
0.021~80.400 0.081 7.900 1.3 1.8 100.00 73.53 GB/T22105.1—2008 0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264256552980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Thirteen indexes correlation analysis in the fruit and soil of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 土壤
pH
土壤
土壤
土壤
土壤
土壤
土壤
果实
果实
果实
果实
果实
果实
土壤pH 1
土壤铬 0.073 1
土壤镍 0.114 0.953** 1
土壤砷 -0.162 -0.055 0.006 1
土壤镉 -0.031 -0.004 0.083 0.700** 1
土壤汞 0.319* 0.414** 0.359** -0.193 -0.229 1
土壤铅 -0.043 -0.234 -0.14 0.462** 0.652** -0.622** 1
果实铬 0.052 0.551** 0.488** 0.000 -0.11 0.446** -0.355** 1
果实镍 -0.398** -0.085 -0.122 0.173 0.022 -0.259 0.101 0.160 1
果实砷 -0.126 -0.082 -0.059 0.232 0.072 -0.222 0.059 -0.093 0.280* 1
果实镉 0.223 -0.090 -0.114 -0.107 -0.063 -0.248 0.295* -0.171 -0.182 -0.153 1
果实汞 0.139 0.679** 0.600** -0.066 0.027 0.364** -0.215 0.545** -0.090 -0.077 -0.090 1
果实铅 -0.145 -0.020 0.016 0.098 -0.031 -0.106 0.134 -0.019 0.198 -0.066 -0.08 -0.037 1
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264373993499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

温州杨梅果实及种植处土壤中13个指标含量的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别 土壤
pH
土壤
土壤
土壤
土壤
土壤
土壤
果实
果实
果实
果实
果实
果实
土壤pH 1
土壤铬 0.073 1
土壤镍 0.114 0.953** 1
土壤砷 -0.162 -0.055 0.006 1
土壤镉 -0.031 -0.004 0.083 0.700** 1
土壤汞 0.319* 0.414** 0.359** -0.193 -0.229 1
土壤铅 -0.043 -0.234 -0.14 0.462** 0.652** -0.622** 1
果实铬 0.052 0.551** 0.488** 0.000 -0.11 0.446** -0.355** 1
果实镍 -0.398** -0.085 -0.122 0.173 0.022 -0.259 0.101 0.160 1
果实砷 -0.126 -0.082 -0.059 0.232 0.072 -0.222 0.059 -0.093 0.280* 1
果实镉 0.223 -0.090 -0.114 -0.107 -0.063 -0.248 0.295* -0.171 -0.182 -0.153 1
果实汞 0.139 0.679** 0.600** -0.066 0.027 0.364** -0.215 0.545** -0.090 -0.077 -0.090 1
果实铅 -0.145 -0.020 0.016 0.098 -0.031 -0.106 0.134 -0.019 0.198 -0.066 -0.08 -0.037 1
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264499822625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Principal component analysis of 13 indexes in the fruit and soil of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 载荷系数
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
土壤铬 0.817 0.411 0.083 0.168 0.175
土壤镍 0.752 0.465 0.142 0.148 0.129
土壤汞 0.747 -0.189 -0.002 -0.293 -0.344
果实汞 0.724 0.334 0.093 0.088 0.139
果实铬 0.699 0.263 -0.213 0.046 0.035
土壤铅 -0.626 0.506 0.418 0.208 0.056
土壤镉 -0.313 0.748 0.368 -0.231 -0.204
土壤砷 -0.330 0.744 0.075 -0.257 -0.222
果实镍 -0.225 0.320 -0.671 0.186 0.205
土壤pH 0.267 -0.246 0.613 -0.201 -0.041
果实镉 -0.195 -0.204 0.577 0.422 0.447
果实铅 -0.107 0.171 -0.254 0.641 -0.466
果实砷 -0.226 0.257 -0.360 -0.419 0.514
特征值 3.625 2.271 1.750 1.148 1.004
方差贡
献率/%
27.884 17.472 13.462 8.832 7.725
累积方差贡献率/% 27.884 45.356 58.818 67.650 75.375
), ArticleFig(id=1217901264613068834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311893045958, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

温州杨梅果实及种植处土壤中13个指标含量的主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 载荷系数
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
土壤铬 0.817 0.411 0.083 0.168 0.175
土壤镍 0.752 0.465 0.142 0.148 0.129
土壤汞 0.747 -0.189 -0.002 -0.293 -0.344
果实汞 0.724 0.334 0.093 0.088 0.139
果实铬 0.699 0.263 -0.213 0.046 0.035
土壤铅 -0.626 0.506 0.418 0.208 0.056
土壤镉 -0.313 0.748 0.368 -0.231 -0.204
土壤砷 -0.330 0.744 0.075 -0.257 -0.222
果实镍 -0.225 0.320 -0.671 0.186 0.205
土壤pH 0.267 -0.246 0.613 -0.201 -0.041
果实镉 -0.195 -0.204 0.577 0.422 0.447
果实铅 -0.107 0.171 -0.254 0.641 -0.466
果实砷 -0.226 0.257 -0.360 -0.419 0.514
特征值 3.625 2.271 1.750 1.148 1.004
方差贡
献率/%
27.884 17.472 13.462 8.832 7.725
累积方差贡献率/% 27.884 45.356 58.818 67.650 75.375
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温州杨梅金属元素质量安全分析与综合评价
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梁秀美 1, 2 , 陈官菊 1, 2 , 孔凡轩 1, 2 , 荀倩 1, 2 , 郭秀珠 1, 2 , 何如意 1, 2 , 夏海涛 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025,16(13): 93-99
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:食品中有毒有害物质分析与监测 2025, 16(13): 93-99
温州杨梅金属元素质量安全分析与综合评价
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梁秀美1, 2 , 陈官菊1, 2, 孔凡轩1, 2, 荀倩1, 2, 郭秀珠1, 2, 何如意1, 2, 夏海涛1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江省亚热带作物研究所, 温州 325005
  • 2 温州市资源植物创新利用重点实验室, 温州 325005
  • 梁秀美(1990—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全风险评估。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*夏海涛(1983—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为山特产品品质与环境评价。E-mail:
Metals elements quality safety analysis and comprehensive evaluation of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou
Xiu-Mei LIANG1, 2 , Guan-Ju CHEN1, 2, Fan-Xuan KONG1, 2, Qian XUN1, 2, Xiu-Zhu GUO1, 2, Ru-Yi HE1, 2, Hai-Tao XIA1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Wenzhou 325005, China
  • 2 Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Plant Resources, Wenzhou 325005, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250305001
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目的 评估温州市不同产地杨梅中金属元素含量水平并构建综合评价体系。方法 以温州市121份杨梅果实和68份杨梅种植处土壤为研究对象, 对土壤中pH及土壤和果实中铬、镍、砷、镉、汞、铅6种金属元素指标进行测定和分析; 并建立果实-土壤关联模型(54组样本的13项指标相关性及主成分分析)。结果 杨梅果实样品合格率为94.21%, 而土壤样品合格率仅为39.71%; 杨梅果实与土壤中金属元素含量存在不同程度的相关性, 其中杨梅果实中汞与土壤中铬、镍存在强的正相关性; 主成分分析筛选出土壤中铬、镉以及杨梅果实中镍、铅和砷含量是杨梅金属元素质量安全评价的核心指标。结论 本研究建立了杨梅金属元素质量安全综合评价体系, 为区域农产品安全监管提供方法学参考。

温州  /  杨梅  /  金属元素  /  质量安全  /  主成分分析  /  综合评价

Objective To evaluate the levels of metal elements contamination in Morella ruba Lour. from different production areas in Wenzhou and establish a comprehensive evaluation system. Methods The 121 Morella ruba Lour. samples and 68 soil samples from Morella ruba Lour. planting sites in Wenzhou were studied. The pH of the soil and 6 kinds of metal elements indicators, including chromium, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, in both the soil and fruits were measured and analyzed. A fruit-soil correlation model (incorporating correlation analysis and principal component analysis of 13 parameters across 54 samples) was established. Results The qualification rate of Morella ruba Lour. samples was 94.21%, while the qualification rate of soil samples was only 39.71%; there was a varying degree of correlation between the metal elements content in Morella ruba Lour. fruits and soil, with a strong positive correlation between mercury in Morella ruba Lour. fruits and chromium and nickel in soil; principal component analysis identified chromium and cadmium in soil, as well as nickel, lead and arsenic in Morella ruba Lour., as the core indicators for evaluating the metal elements quality and safety of Morella ruba Lour.. Conclusion This study established a comprehensive evaluation system for metal elements quality safety in Morella ruba Lour., providing methodological references for regional agricultural product safety regulation.

Wenzhou  /  Morella ruba Lour.  /  metals elements  /  quality safety  /  principal component analysis  /  comprehensive evaluation
梁秀美, 陈官菊, 孔凡轩, 荀倩, 郭秀珠, 何如意, 夏海涛. 温州杨梅金属元素质量安全分析与综合评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 93 -99 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250305001
Xiu-Mei LIANG, Guan-Ju CHEN, Fan-Xuan KONG, Qian XUN, Xiu-Zhu GUO, Ru-Yi HE, Hai-Tao XIA. Metals elements quality safety analysis and comprehensive evaluation of Morella ruba Lour. in Wenzhou[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 93 -99 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250305001
杨梅(Morella ruba Lour.)作为中国南方特色亚热带果树, 其主产区覆盖浙江、江苏、福建等省域, 其中以“世界杨梅在中国, 中国杨梅在浙江”的产业格局最具代表性[1]。浙江省温州市作为杨梅传统优势产区, 凭借500余年的栽培历史积淀, 其果品以独特风味和丰富营养成为区域特色农业的“金名片”, 更承载着深厚的文化记忆与乡愁情感[2]。然而, 随着工业化进程加速, 农业生态环境面临的重金属污染问题日益凸显, 这对杨梅质量安全构成潜在威胁[3-7]。重金属在人体内能与蛋白质及各种酶发生强烈的相互作用, 使它们失去活性[8-10]; 也可能在人体的某些器官中累积, 如果超过人体所能耐受的限度, 会造成人体急性中毒、亚急性中毒、慢性中毒等危害[11-16], 严重影响了人们的身体健康和安全。研究表明, 重金属在作物中的富集程度受元素种类[17-20]、作物代谢特性[21-23]及土壤理化性质[24]等多因素影响, 过量摄入将引发人体急慢性中毒[18,20,25], 严重危害健康安全。
目前, 国内外学者对农产品中重金属污染问题进行了广泛研究, 但针对杨梅这类浆果类特色经济作物的系统性研究仍显不足, 特别是缺乏对温州这一重要产区的针对性调查。鉴于此, 本研究以温州市域内主产县(市、区)为研究靶区, 构建包含121份成熟期果实与68份对应土壤样本的监测体系, 重点检测pH及砷、汞、铅、镉、铬、镍等6种金属元素指标。通过检测数据分析与主成分综合评价, 首次系统揭示温州杨梅金属元素污染特征, 并建立果实-土壤关联模型(54组样本的13项指标相关性及主成分分析)。本研究为完善杨梅质量安全标准、优化产区环境管理提供科学依据, 对保障区域特色农业可持续发展具有重要实践价值。
2019—2023年, 在杨梅采收期间, 采用随机抽样法, 于温州市杨梅主要栽培基地采集可以上市销售的121份杨梅果实和68份杨梅种植处土壤样品, 样品采集信息见图1
ICAP Q电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、ICE 3000原子吸收光谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); AFS-8220原子荧光光谱仪(北京吉天仪器有限公司); FE28酸度计、AL204电子天平(万分之一)[梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]; Multiwave 3000微波消解仪[安东帕(上海)商贸有限公司]; KQ-500DE超声波清洗器(昆山舒美超声仪器有限公司); BHS-4数显恒温水浴锅(江阴市保利科研器械有限公司)。
铬、镍、砷、镉、汞、铅单元素标准溶液(质量浓度1000 μg/mL, 国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心)。
杨梅果实砷、汞、铅、铬、镉、镍的测定采用GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》; 土壤总砷采用GB/T 22105.2—2008《土壤质量 总汞、总砷、总铅的测定 原子荧光法 第2部分: 土壤中总砷的测定》, 总汞采用GB/T 22105.1—2008《土壤质量 总汞、总砷、总铅的测定 原子荧光法 第1部分: 土壤中总汞的测定》, 铅、镍、铬采用HJ 491—2019《土壤和沉积物 铜、锌、铅、镍、铬的测定 火焰原子吸收分光光度法》, 镉采用GB/T 17141—1997《土壤质量 铅、镉的测定 石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法》, pH采用NY/T 1121.2—2006《土壤检测 第2部分: 土壤pH的测定》。
杨梅果实中金属元素含量依据GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》中规定的“限量值”判定, 含量值超出限量值者, 判定“不合格”; 杨梅种植处土壤中金属元素含量依据GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中规定的“限量值”判定, 含量值超出限量值者, 判定“不合格”。
使用WPS Office (12.1.0.20305)软件进行数据统计与整理, 使用IBM SPSS Statistics 23软件进行相关性分析和主成分分析。
121份杨梅果实中, 砷、镉、汞、铅的平均含量依次为0.003、0.011、0.002、0.012 mg/kg。7份样品检出镉超标, 其余5种金属元素均未超标, 样品合格率94.21%, 金属元素富集特征详见表1
本研究结果与张飞英等[26]对浙江省杨梅主产区的监测趋势具有一致性。其2014—2015年对193个杨梅基地的研究显示, 全省范围内存在绍兴(2个)、富阳(2个)、上虞(1个)、建德(1个)6个样点铅超标及绍兴1个样点镉超标现象, 温州地区杨梅中砷(0.0189 mg/kg)、镉(0.0053 mg/kg)、汞(0.0045 mg/kg)、铅(0.0677 mg/kg)含量虽均未超标, 但其镉元素含量水平仍处于相对较高水平。两项研究虽在具体数值和超标样点分布上存在差异, 但共同印证了杨梅种植过程中镉元素的潜在富集风险, 需持续关注杨梅金属元素污染防控, 特别是镉元素。
68份温州杨梅种植土壤样本检测显示, 样品合格率仅为39.71%。各金属元素污染呈现显著差异(表2): 汞、砷、镉的超标现象尤为突出, 分别有18份、17份和11份样本超标; 铅、铬超标率相对较低, 分别为2份和1份; 砷和汞检出最大值分别为757.000 mg/kg和80.400 mg/kg, 分别约是限量值的20倍和60倍; 土壤中铬、砷、镉、铅、汞的含量分别为7.49~168.00、0.410~757.000、0.011~1.430、0.10~81.10、0.021~80.400 mg/kg。
吕豪豪等[27]对浙江省9地市(丽水、湖州、温州、台州、舟山、宁波、衢州、绍兴、金华)杨梅基地的241份杨梅种植处土壤中的铅、镉、铬、砷和汞的含量状况进行研究对比发现, 2007—2013年度浙江省杨梅产地土壤金属元素含量存在较大波动, 土壤中铬、砷、镉、铅、汞的含量分别为0.46~99.00、0.180~47.000、0.680~250.000、3.60~70.00、0.002~0.210 mg/kg; 各地区个别地块的部分土壤金属元素指标存在超标的现象(砷超标6例、铅超标18例、汞超标1例)。本研究表明温州地区土壤金属元素污染呈现汞、砷、镉等元素的极端高值污染现象, 揭示了更为严峻和复杂的杨梅种植土壤金属元素污染状况。
本研究系统采集了温州市121份杨梅果实及68份种植土壤样本, 以东魁梅、黑炭梅、丁岙梅三大主栽品种为核心, 同时涵盖黑晶梅、晚稻梅、白杨梅、荸荠梅等其他重要品种, 开展金属元素污染特征研究。检测数据显示(图2图3), 不同区域及品种间金属元素合格率呈现显著差异: 在果实品质方面, 三大主栽品种镉元素合格率均保持较高水平(丁岙梅、东魁梅和黑炭梅分别为94.12%、94.59%和95.65%); 种植土壤环境质量堪忧, 主栽品种土壤中砷、镉、汞超标现象明显。地理分布上, YQ、PY、YJ、CN、WC等地的杨梅果实也出现了镉超标的问题, 且全市10个杨梅主产区的种植土壤均存在不同类型金属元素超标问题。特别是黑晶梅果实及其种植土壤的砷、镉、铅合格率仅均为50%; 晚稻梅、白杨梅、荸荠梅种植土壤砷均100%超标; 此外晚稻梅土壤镉亦全部超标。鉴于采样数量有限, 对于黑晶梅、晚稻梅、白杨梅、荸荠梅等品种的果实及其种植土壤中金属元素污染的整体情况需扩大采样规模进行验证。
本研究揭示温州杨梅产业面临“果实质量可控, 土壤污染突出”的双重挑战。建议: (1)建立品种-区域差异化管理体系, 对晚稻梅等高风险品种实施重点监控; (2)推行土壤修复工程, 在镉、砷超标区域推广钝化剂施用及间作修复技术; (3)加强绿色种植技术推广, 通过肥水调控降低金属元素生物有效性。本研究为区域特色农产品安全生产提供了重要科学依据。
本研究全面剖析了温州9个地区7个杨梅品种的54份果实及其对应种植土壤中13项关键指标, 通过相关性分析揭示其质量安全特征(表3)。主要结论如下: (1)土壤金属元素赋存特征。土壤中pH与所检测的6种金属元素之间未展现出显著的相关性, 表明土壤酸碱度可能不是这些金属元素积累的直接驱动因素。金属元素之间却存在复杂的相互作用, 如铬与镍之间表现出极强的正相关性(r=0.953), 铬与汞、砷与镉、砷与铅、镉与铅之间则存在不同程度的正相关, 而汞与铅之间则呈现出强的负相关性(r=-0.622), 这些关系可能反映了土壤环境中金属元素的共同来源或相互转化机制; (2)果实金属元素积累特性。杨梅果实中, 铬与汞之间存在中等程度的正相关性(r=0.545), 而其他金属元素元素间则未发现显著的相关性, 这可能意味着杨梅果实对金属元素的吸收和积累具有选择性; (3)土-果迁移规律。土壤pH与杨梅果实中的金属元素含量之间同样未表现出明显的相关性; 但金属元素铬和汞在土壤与果实之间分别呈现出中等(r=0.551)和弱(r=0.364)的正相关性, 暗示了这两种金属元素可能更容易从土壤转移到杨梅果实中。杨梅果实中的汞与土壤中的铬、镍存在强正相关性, 而果实中的铬则与土壤中的镍、汞有中等程度的正相关性。
张飞英等[26]的研究指出, 在浙江省15个县(市、区)的193个杨梅基地中, 杨梅果实中的铅和镉含量与土壤中相应金属元素含量之间存在极显著的相关性(r分别为0.791和0.884), 而砷的相关性虽显著但不如铅、镉明显, 汞在土壤与果实间的含量无明显相关性。本研究的结果在某些方面与张飞英等[26]的研究一致, 例如关于杨梅果实中金属元素含量与土壤pH之间缺乏显著相关性的结论。同时, 本研究扩展了对镍等其他金属元素的分析, 丰富了杨梅金属元素污染研究的全面性。
本研究表明, 温州市杨梅产业面临金属元素污染问题, 尤其是土壤中金属元素的复杂相互作用以及它们向果实的转移, 这对食品安全构成了潜在威胁。建议后续研究重点关注金属元素在“土壤-植物”系统中的界面行为机制, 建立基于区域特征的污染防控体系, 为保障杨梅产业可持续发展提供理论支撑。
为系统解析金属元素污染特征并筛选核心评价指标, 采用主成分分析法对杨梅果实及其种植土壤中13项关键指标进行降维处理。通过特征值>1的筛选标准, 共提取5个主成分, 累计方差贡献率达75.375%, 有效浓缩了原始数据的主要信息(表4)。
第一主成分贡献率为27.884%, 主要反映了土壤中铬、镍、汞和铅以及果实中汞和铬含量的影响; 第二主成分贡献率为17.472%, 着重体现了土壤中镉和砷的重要性; 第三主成分贡献率为13.462%, 强调了果实中镍和土壤pH的作用; 第四主成分贡献率为8.832%, 突出了果实中铅的权重; 第五主成分贡献率为7.725%, 显示了果实中砷含量的重要性。
结合主成分载荷矩阵与前期相关性分析结果, 最终确立5个核心评价指标: 土壤铬(PC1)、土壤镉(PC2)、果实镍(PC3)、果实铅(PC4)及果实砷(PC5)。其中土壤铬载荷系数达0.817, 显示其在污染溯源中的关键作用。
使用SPSS软件对标准化后的关键指标进行处理, 根据特征向量计算出各主成分得分表达式。基于主成分的方差贡献率作为权重, 构建了一个综合评价模型: F=0.279F1+ 0.175F2+0.135F3+0.088F4+0.077F5。该模型用于评估来自浙江省温州市9个不同地区、涵盖7种杨梅品种的54份样本的金属元素污染水平。
综合评分结果揭示了各地及各品种之间的显著差异(图45)。按综合得分由高到低排序, 地区排名依次为LW、CN、YQ、PY、LC、YJ、TS、WC、RA; 而杨梅品种则依次为丁岙梅、晚稻梅、黑晶梅、白杨梅、荸荠梅、东魁梅、黑炭梅, 其中LW的丁岙梅得分最高(见图45)。需要注意的是, 温州某些区域以及黑晶梅、白杨梅、荸荠梅和晚稻梅这4种品种的样本量相对较小, 可能不足以全面反映这些地区或品种的真实金属元素污染状况。综合得分直接反映了杨梅果实及其种植土壤中金属元素含量所构成的安全风险水平。得分越高, 表明该地区或品种的金属元素污染风险越大。本研究结果不仅为杨梅种植区的土壤治理与品种优选提供科学依据, 同时构建的风险分级体系可为政府部门制定差异化监管策略、消费者进行安全选购提供数据支撑, 对实现特色农产品的质量安全管控具有重要实践价值。
作为我国特色经济水果, 杨梅的品质安全对其市场竞争力具有决定性影响。本研究针对农产品质量安全的核心指标——金属元素, 创新性地将主成分分析应用于温州地区杨梅及其种植土壤的系统评估。相较于传统单因子评价模式, 本方法通过降维处理可更高效地揭示复杂指标间的内在关联, 已广泛应用于多种农产品品质的综合评价[28-31]。葛庆联等[28]基于相关性和主成分分析, 构建宁都黄鸡不同日龄的肉品质评价模型; 赵双等[29]筛选出可溶性固形物等6项杨梅品质核心指标; 常虹等[30]与孙烨[31]分别构建猕猴桃多酚类物质和油桐品质的综合评价模型, 均验证了主成分分析在农产品多维评价中的显著优势。
本研究聚焦于温州市域典型产区的杨梅-土壤二元样本, 通过主成分分析方法评估了土壤pH以及土壤和果实中铬、镍、砷、镉、汞、铅6种金属元素的含量特征。结果表明, 杨梅果实与种植土壤中的金属元素含量存在不同程度的相关性; 通过主成分分析, 确定土壤中的铬和镉, 以及杨梅果实中的镍、铅和砷是影响杨梅金属元素安全性的关键因素。但当前研究仅关注金属元素含量, 尚未涵盖农药残留、微生物污染等复合风险因子。建议后续研究可整合代谢组学技术, 构建多维度质量安全评价体系, 同时加强金属元素迁移转化的分子机制研究, 以完善杨梅全产业链安全管控策略。
  • 浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SNJF015)
  • 浙江省科技计划项目(2021C02066-2)
  • 浙江省农业科学院瓯海科创中心产业科技服务团项目(OHKC2024009)
  • 浙江省农业科学院科技新成果示范推广项目(tg2024016)
  • 千亩农地土壤质量监测与评价项目(STY2024002)
  • 温州市高水平创新团队“沿海特色植物创新和利用团队项目”(NY202401)
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250305001
  • 接收时间:2025-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05
基金
浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023SNJF015)
浙江省科技计划项目(2021C02066-2)
浙江省农业科学院瓯海科创中心产业科技服务团项目(OHKC2024009)
浙江省农业科学院科技新成果示范推广项目(tg2024016)
千亩农地土壤质量监测与评价项目(STY2024002)
温州市高水平创新团队“沿海特色植物创新和利用团队项目”(NY202401)
作者信息
    1 浙江省亚热带作物研究所, 温州 325005
    2 温州市资源植物创新利用重点实验室, 温州 325005

通讯作者:

*夏海涛(1983—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为山特产品品质与环境评价。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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