Article(id=1217529311725277198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211208515, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211208515, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211208515, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211208515, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=60, endPage=66, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529312274731077, articleId=1217529311725277198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of drug residues of 8 kinds of benzodiazepine in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1217529307430306336, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Processing and Quality Safety of Aquatic Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines residues, including diazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, alprazolam and nitrazepam in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The sample was extracted by 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution containing 0.2% formic acid, purified by Waters PRIME HLB solid phase extraction column, concentrated by nitrogen blowing in water bath. The residue contents were separated by C18 chromatographic column, eluted by 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol mobile phase systems, and analyzed by electrospray ion source in positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode. The quantitative information was obtained by matrix-added calibration with external standard. Results The correlation coefficient of calibration curves of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines residues were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.064-0.226 μg/kg, the recovery rates of the method were 70.4%-107.0%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.1%-10.2%. Conclusion The method is rapid, simple and accurate, and it is suitable for the determination of benzodiazepine sedative drug residues in aquatic products.

, correspAuthors=Bing ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yang ZHANG, Yu-Bo HAN, Ying-Yang LIN, Bing ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529314418020519, articleId=1217529311725277198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留, columnId=1217529307631632938, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑、氯硝西泮、劳拉西泮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑和硝西泮8种苯二氮卓类药物残留的方法。方法 样品经含有0.2%甲酸的80%乙腈水溶液提取, 采用Waters PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化, 水浴氮吹浓缩后用于检测。样液通过C18色谱柱分离, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液与甲醇流动相经系统梯度洗脱后, 于UPLC-MS/MS选择电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下分析测定, 基质添加标准曲线, 外标法定量。结果 8种苯二氮卓类药物标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999, 检出限为0.064~0.226 µg/kg, 方法的回收率为70.4%~107.0%, 相对标准偏差为2.1%~10.2%。结论 本方法快速、准确, 可应用于水产品中多种苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留的快速准确筛查和检测。, correspAuthors=张兵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张兵(1972—), 男, 正高级农艺师, 主要研究方向为食用农产品质量安全检测。E-mail:
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张杨(1984—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全与检测。E-mail:

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张杨(1984—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全与检测。E-mail:

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Study on residue detection of two kinds of sedative and hypnotic drugs[D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901247957487821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901247965876430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, companyId=1217901247957487821, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shenzhen Inspection and Testing Center of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Shenzhen 518055, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901247974265039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, companyId=1217901247957487821, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=深圳市农产品质量安全检验检测中心, 深圳 518055)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901252231483833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=MRM chromatogram of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines, figureFileSmall=KLjuLgVEaBp8InOAvn7kJA==, figureFileBig=Mt71otSRH9fevr+zRrJnAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901252374090177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=图1, caption=8种苯二氮卓类药物MRM色谱图

注: A. 咪达唑仑, B. 氯硝西泮, C. 硝西泮, D. 三唑仑, E. 劳拉西泮, F. 阿普唑仑, G. 奥沙西泮, H. 地西泮。

, figureFileSmall=KLjuLgVEaBp8InOAvn7kJA==, figureFileBig=Mt71otSRH9fevr+zRrJnAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901252512502222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Purification effects of different solid-phase extraction columns on 8 kinds of benzodiazepines (n=3), figureFileSmall=lFITpNJ+S3juo0k7anAOMg==, figureFileBig=MVrTbFBI0zn01xsCafluMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901253837902298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同固相萃取柱对8种苯二氮卓类药物的净化效果(n=3), figureFileSmall=lFITpNJ+S3juo0k7anAOMg==, figureFileBig=MVrTbFBI0zn01xsCafluMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901253963731426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of nitrogen blowing temperature on the recovery rates of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines (n=6), figureFileSmall=L/svhvEZ/lPf0iiY37tB/w==, figureFileBig=vE/xanTajvCc2+4Q6eoymA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901254064394734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氮吹温度对8种苯二氮卓类药物回收率的影响(n=6), figureFileSmall=L/svhvEZ/lPf0iiY37tB/w==, figureFileBig=vE/xanTajvCc2+4Q6eoymA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901254194418171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution programs of mobile phase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) A甲酸水溶液/% B甲醇/%
0 0.4 90 10
0.50 0.4 90 10
1.00 0.4 10 90
4.00 0.4 10 90
4.10 0.4 90 10
5.00 0.4 90 10
), ArticleFig(id=1217901254311858692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) A甲酸水溶液/% B甲醇/%
0 0.4 90 10
0.50 0.4 90 10
1.00 0.4 10 90
4.00 0.4 10 90
4.10 0.4 90 10
5.00 0.4 90 10
), ArticleFig(id=1217901254467047950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrum parameters of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
保留时间/min 母离子 子离子 去簇电压
/V
碰撞能量/eV
地西泮 3.08 285.1 193.0* 80 40
154.0 80 36
奥沙西泮 2.90 287.1 269.0* 64 21
241.1 64 32
咪达唑仑 2.74 326.2 291.3* 94 37
244.2 94 35
氯硝西泮 2.80 316.1 270.1* 84 35
241.1 84 48
劳拉西泮 2.87 321.2 275.2* 78 31
303.1 78 21
三唑仑 2.85 343.1 308.2* 98 36
239.1 98 53
阿普唑仑 2.89 309.1 274.3* 100 37
205.1 100 54
硝西泮 2.81 282.1 236.2* 86 32
108.2 86 49
), ArticleFig(id=1217901254563516954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

8种苯二氮的卓类药物质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物
名称
保留时间/min 母离子 子离子 去簇电压
/V
碰撞能量/eV
地西泮 3.08 285.1 193.0* 80 40
154.0 80 36
奥沙西泮 2.90 287.1 269.0* 64 21
241.1 64 32
咪达唑仑 2.74 326.2 291.3* 94 37
244.2 94 35
氯硝西泮 2.80 316.1 270.1* 84 35
241.1 84 48
劳拉西泮 2.87 321.2 275.2* 78 31
303.1 78 21
三唑仑 2.85 343.1 308.2* 98 36
239.1 98 53
阿普唑仑 2.89 309.1 274.3* 100 37
205.1 100 54
硝西泮 2.81 282.1 236.2* 86 32
108.2 86 49
), ArticleFig(id=1217901254685151781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear equation, linear range, correlation coefficient, LODs and LOQs of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 相关
系数(r)
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
地西泮 Y=3.18×104X+9.08×103 0.99999 0.078 0.2
奥沙西泮 Y=3.93×104X+6.92×104 0.99967 0.064 0.2
咪达唑仑 Y=6.92×104X+3.06×104 0.99946 0.118 0.5
氯硝西泮 Y=4.25×104X+5.21×104 0.99982 0.226 0.5
劳拉西泮 Y=3.62×104X-1.22×104 0.99964 0.186 0.5
三唑仑 Y=4.22×104X-9.30×103 0.99975 0.094 0.2
阿普唑仑 Y=1.29×104X+1.39×103 0.99987 0.159 0.5
硝西泮 Y=4.33×104X+5.96×104 0.99972 0.213 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1217901254823563828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

8种苯二氮的卓类药物线性方程、相关系数、LODs和LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 相关
系数(r)
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
地西泮 Y=3.18×104X+9.08×103 0.99999 0.078 0.2
奥沙西泮 Y=3.93×104X+6.92×104 0.99967 0.064 0.2
咪达唑仑 Y=6.92×104X+3.06×104 0.99946 0.118 0.5
氯硝西泮 Y=4.25×104X+5.21×104 0.99982 0.226 0.5
劳拉西泮 Y=3.62×104X-1.22×104 0.99964 0.186 0.5
三唑仑 Y=4.22×104X-9.30×103 0.99975 0.094 0.2
阿普唑仑 Y=1.29×104X+1.39×103 0.99987 0.159 0.5
硝西泮 Y=4.33×104X+5.96×104 0.99972 0.213 0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1217901255024890439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Standard addition recovery and precision test results (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 基质类型 加标量
/(μg/kg)
平均
回收率/%
相对标准
偏差/%
地西泮 草鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 87.6, 94.3, 94.4 5.4, 3.7, 2.7
牛蛙 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 90.1, 98.3, 97.2 4.1, 4.3, 3.8
鲤鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 91.5, 94.8, 93.4 5.5, 4.3, 4.1
乌鳢 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 94.0, 97.7, 86.4 5.3, 2.3, 3.3
鲫鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 85.7, 85.0, 82.1 7.1, 3.3, 2.5
大口黑鲈 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 91.5, 95.6, 90.8 3.2, 5.4, 4.8
奥沙
西泮
草鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 89.6, 96.5, 91.7 3.3, 3.9, 5.9
牛蛙 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 87.1, 98.9, 95.2 6.6, 8.3, 4.5
鲤鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 81.6, 86.9, 101.6 2.1, 2.4, 8.9
乌鳢 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 89.3, 89.3, 95.5 2.5, 2.1, 3.3
鲫鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 76.7, 90.4, 92.3 2.6, 3.1, 4.6
大口黑鲈 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 78.1, 84.3, 96.3 2.7, 3.5, 6.3
咪达
唑仑
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 93.7, 87.8, 89.1 6.9, 3.1, 3.7
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 97.1, 94.6, 91.2 5.4, 4.2, 4.0
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 84.6, 94.0, 86.4 7.4, 3.6, 3.9
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 70.4, 72.8, 74.7 5.0, 3.7, 5.2
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 81.3, 74.5, 79.1 4.4, 4.8, 4.6
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.1, 92.2, 87.2 8.4, 6.3, 7.1
氯硝
西泮
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 73.9, 84.6, 90.2 6.2, 3.7, 5.0
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 83.4, 101.3, 94.4 4.6, 6.8, 7.7
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 94.2, 100.6, 95.0 6.1, 2.9, 4.2
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.4, 96.8, 92.7 7.5, 4.8, 4.4
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 87.6, 92.5, 94.1 2.3, 3.8, 3.4
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 93.2, 93.6, 95.8 2.1, 5.2, 4.2
劳拉
西泮
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 74.2, 90.4, 92.6 9.4, 5.5, 4.3
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 77.6, 94.9, 107.0 10.2, 7.9, 7.1
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 94.4, 96.8, 92.7 4.4, 3.4, 5.0
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 89.0, 94.4, 92.4 5.1, 2.7, 3.8
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.6, 89.7, 87.3 3.6, 7.2, 6.2
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 90.4, 96.1, 94.7 6.0, 3.6, 4.8
三唑仑 草鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 89.5, 96.9, 94.9 4.3, 3.6, 3.5
牛蛙 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 90.6, 95.6, 94.8 3.3, 4.0, 5.0
鲤鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 91.4, 99.5, 92.9 5.0, 2.7, 3.3
乌鳢 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 82.4, 96.5, 91.2 2.2, 4.7, 4.6
鲫鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 86.2, 88.1, 83.5 3.6, 3.4, 2.1
大口黑鲈 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 83.4, 94.6, 87.6 2.4, 6.9, 4.0
阿普
唑仑
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 90.9, 88.4, 92.0 4.9, 6.2, 3.9
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 92.9, 95.5, 93.4 5.1, 4.9, 4.2
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.8, 95.8, 97.4 4.7, 3.6, 2.1
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.8, 92.9, 89.3 5.3, 2.8, 7.1
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 85.6, 91.5, 86.2 6.6, 2.6, 3.7
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.1, 93.2, 91.1 2.7, 2.6, 2.9
硝西泮 草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.4, 99.5, 94.9 6.6, 5.2, 4.8
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 76.6, 100.7, 90.1 6.7, 5.6, 4.9
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 85.4, 104.1, 97.4 4.7, 3.6, 2.1
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.1, 97.9, 92.2 4.5, 2.6, 3.8
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.4, 86.2, 91.2 5.6, 4.5, 5.2
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 91.8, 98.0, 95.8 2.8, 5.4, 3.3
), ArticleFig(id=1217901255188468307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529311725277198, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

加标回收和精密度实验结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 基质类型 加标量
/(μg/kg)
平均
回收率/%
相对标准
偏差/%
地西泮 草鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 87.6, 94.3, 94.4 5.4, 3.7, 2.7
牛蛙 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 90.1, 98.3, 97.2 4.1, 4.3, 3.8
鲤鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 91.5, 94.8, 93.4 5.5, 4.3, 4.1
乌鳢 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 94.0, 97.7, 86.4 5.3, 2.3, 3.3
鲫鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 85.7, 85.0, 82.1 7.1, 3.3, 2.5
大口黑鲈 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 91.5, 95.6, 90.8 3.2, 5.4, 4.8
奥沙
西泮
草鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 89.6, 96.5, 91.7 3.3, 3.9, 5.9
牛蛙 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 87.1, 98.9, 95.2 6.6, 8.3, 4.5
鲤鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 81.6, 86.9, 101.6 2.1, 2.4, 8.9
乌鳢 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 89.3, 89.3, 95.5 2.5, 2.1, 3.3
鲫鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 76.7, 90.4, 92.3 2.6, 3.1, 4.6
大口黑鲈 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 78.1, 84.3, 96.3 2.7, 3.5, 6.3
咪达
唑仑
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 93.7, 87.8, 89.1 6.9, 3.1, 3.7
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 97.1, 94.6, 91.2 5.4, 4.2, 4.0
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 84.6, 94.0, 86.4 7.4, 3.6, 3.9
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 70.4, 72.8, 74.7 5.0, 3.7, 5.2
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 81.3, 74.5, 79.1 4.4, 4.8, 4.6
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.1, 92.2, 87.2 8.4, 6.3, 7.1
氯硝
西泮
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 73.9, 84.6, 90.2 6.2, 3.7, 5.0
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 83.4, 101.3, 94.4 4.6, 6.8, 7.7
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 94.2, 100.6, 95.0 6.1, 2.9, 4.2
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.4, 96.8, 92.7 7.5, 4.8, 4.4
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 87.6, 92.5, 94.1 2.3, 3.8, 3.4
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 93.2, 93.6, 95.8 2.1, 5.2, 4.2
劳拉
西泮
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 74.2, 90.4, 92.6 9.4, 5.5, 4.3
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 77.6, 94.9, 107.0 10.2, 7.9, 7.1
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 94.4, 96.8, 92.7 4.4, 3.4, 5.0
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 89.0, 94.4, 92.4 5.1, 2.7, 3.8
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.6, 89.7, 87.3 3.6, 7.2, 6.2
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 90.4, 96.1, 94.7 6.0, 3.6, 4.8
三唑仑 草鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 89.5, 96.9, 94.9 4.3, 3.6, 3.5
牛蛙 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 90.6, 95.6, 94.8 3.3, 4.0, 5.0
鲤鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 91.4, 99.5, 92.9 5.0, 2.7, 3.3
乌鳢 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 82.4, 96.5, 91.2 2.2, 4.7, 4.6
鲫鱼 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 86.2, 88.1, 83.5 3.6, 3.4, 2.1
大口黑鲈 0.20, 2.00, 5.00 83.4, 94.6, 87.6 2.4, 6.9, 4.0
阿普
唑仑
草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 90.9, 88.4, 92.0 4.9, 6.2, 3.9
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 92.9, 95.5, 93.4 5.1, 4.9, 4.2
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.8, 95.8, 97.4 4.7, 3.6, 2.1
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.8, 92.9, 89.3 5.3, 2.8, 7.1
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 85.6, 91.5, 86.2 6.6, 2.6, 3.7
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.1, 93.2, 91.1 2.7, 2.6, 2.9
硝西泮 草鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.4, 99.5, 94.9 6.6, 5.2, 4.8
牛蛙 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 76.6, 100.7, 90.1 6.7, 5.6, 4.9
鲤鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 85.4, 104.1, 97.4 4.7, 3.6, 2.1
乌鳢 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 86.1, 97.9, 92.2 4.5, 2.6, 3.8
鲫鱼 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 88.4, 86.2, 91.2 5.6, 4.5, 5.2
大口黑鲈 0.50, 2.00, 5.00 91.8, 98.0, 95.8 2.8, 5.4, 3.3
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留
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张杨 , 韩宇博 , 林英扬 , 张兵 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(13): 60-66
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(13): 60-66
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留
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张杨 , 韩宇博, 林英扬, 张兵*
作者信息
  • 深圳市农产品质量安全检验检测中心, 深圳 518055
  • 张杨(1984—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为水产品质量安全与检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张兵(1972—), 男, 正高级农艺师, 主要研究方向为食用农产品质量安全检测。E-mail:
Determination of drug residues of 8 kinds of benzodiazepine in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Yang ZHANG , Yu-Bo HAN, Ying-Yang LIN, Bing ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Shenzhen Inspection and Testing Center of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Shenzhen 518055, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121008
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目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑、氯硝西泮、劳拉西泮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑和硝西泮8种苯二氮卓类药物残留的方法。方法 样品经含有0.2%甲酸的80%乙腈水溶液提取, 采用Waters PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化, 水浴氮吹浓缩后用于检测。样液通过C18色谱柱分离, 以0.1%甲酸水溶液与甲醇流动相经系统梯度洗脱后, 于UPLC-MS/MS选择电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下分析测定, 基质添加标准曲线, 外标法定量。结果 8种苯二氮卓类药物标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999, 检出限为0.064~0.226 µg/kg, 方法的回收率为70.4%~107.0%, 相对标准偏差为2.1%~10.2%。结论 本方法快速、准确, 可应用于水产品中多种苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留的快速准确筛查和检测。
水产品  /  药物残留  /  苯二氮卓  /  镇静剂  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines residues, including diazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, clonazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, alprazolam and nitrazepam in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Methods The sample was extracted by 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution containing 0.2% formic acid, purified by Waters PRIME HLB solid phase extraction column, concentrated by nitrogen blowing in water bath. The residue contents were separated by C18 chromatographic column, eluted by 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol mobile phase systems, and analyzed by electrospray ion source in positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode. The quantitative information was obtained by matrix-added calibration with external standard. Results The correlation coefficient of calibration curves of 8 kinds of benzodiazepines residues were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.064-0.226 μg/kg, the recovery rates of the method were 70.4%-107.0%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.1%-10.2%. Conclusion The method is rapid, simple and accurate, and it is suitable for the determination of benzodiazepine sedative drug residues in aquatic products.

aquatic products  /  drug residues  /  benzodiazepines  /  sedativetetracyclines  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
张杨, 韩宇博, 林英扬, 张兵. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121008
Yang ZHANG, Yu-Bo HAN, Ying-Yang LIN, Bing ZHANG. Determination of drug residues of 8 kinds of benzodiazepine in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 60 -66 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121008
水产品从生产到餐桌的供应链长, 其质量安全受到养殖、运输、加工、销售等环节的多种因素影响。随着水产品消费量的增加和鲜活水产品供应需求的上涨, 养殖和流通环节中药物残留超标或药物滥用的问题层出不穷。苯二氮卓类药物是临床广泛应用的, 具有镇静催眠作用的精神类药物[1-2]。苯二氮卓类药物结构是由苯和具有两个氮原子的杂环的稠合体形成的二氮卓环组成的, 常见的有1,4-苯二氮卓类、2,3-苯二氮卓类、三唑并苯二氮卓类和噻吩并三唑并苯二氮卓类等类型[3]。地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑、氯硝西泮、劳拉西泮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑和硝西泮都属于苯二氮卓类药物。长期连续摄入此类药物可诱发依赖性, 损伤神经系统, 引起成瘾、遗忘等不良反应[4-5]。这类药物可以直接作用于中枢神经系统, 增强神经递质γ-氨基丁酸的抑制性, 从而降低神经元的兴奋性, 起到松弛肌肉、镇静、催眠和抗惊厥等效果。
残留在水产品中的镇静药物通过食物链进入人体, 长期积累则会危害人体健康[6]。有研究显示, 为保证水产品鲜活, 减少运输过程中的耗氧量、个体间的擦碰和应激损伤, 在水产品运输环节, 存在违法使用催眠镇静类药物的情况[7-8], 其中检出较多的为地西泮[9-15]。饲料[13]、鱼饵[14]和环境[16-19]中该药物的残留也受到人们的广泛关注。中华人民共和国农业部公告第176号公布的《禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药物品种目录》中包括地西泮、艾司唑仑、咪达唑仑、硝西泮、奥沙西泮和三唑仑。GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》中规定地西泮仅允许治疗使用, 在动物食品中不得检出。农业农村部渔业渔政管理局等发布的《水产养殖用药明白纸2022年1、2号》中也明确指出地西泮等兽药在我国均未经审查批准用于水产动物, 在水产养殖过程中不得使用。
目前苯二氮卓类药物的分析测定方法主要有: 酶联免疫法、色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、光谱法等[20]。其中高效液相色谱-串联质谱法灵敏度高, 广泛应用于复杂基质的分析检测。可对水产品中苯二氮卓类药物进行检测的国家标准主要有SN/T 2113—2008《进出口动物源性食品中镇静剂类药物残留的检测方法 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》、SN/T 2624—2010《动物源性食品中多种碱性药物残留量的检测方法液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》、SN/T 3235—2012《出口动物源性食品中多类禁用药物残留量检测方法 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》、GB 29697—2013《食品安全国家标准 动物性食品中地西泮和安眠酮多残留的测定 气相色谱-质谱法》、SN/T 3847—2019《出口食品中苯二氮卓类药物残留量的测定 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》。以上标准的前处理方法都比较烦琐, 检测过程耗时较长。目前针对水产品基质的多种苯二氮卓类药物同时快速检测的研究报道较少。本研究通过比较多种固相萃取净化方式, 选择省去活化、淋洗、洗脱等步骤的PRIME HLB固相萃取小柱净化后浓缩检测, 省时且净化效果好。对液相色谱程序进行优化, 缩短分离时间, 建立了前处理快速、操作简单、试剂消耗少、检测用时短的同时测定水产品中8种苯二氮卓类药物(地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑、氯硝西泮、劳拉西泮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑和硝西泮)残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法, 以期为水产品中苯二氮卓类镇静药物的筛查和检测提供参考。
本研究中的鱼类、蛙类等水产品均购自深圳市水产零售市场。实验室用超纯水为Milli Q超纯水仪制得。
乙腈、甲醇、甲酸(色谱纯, 德国Merck公司); Waters Osasis PRIME HLB固相萃取小柱、Waters Osasis HLB固相萃取柱(6cc 200 mg)、Waters sep-pak Vac C18固相萃取柱(6cc 500 mg)、ACQUITTY UPLC BEH C18液相色谱柱(3.0 mm× 100 mm, 1.7 μm)(美国Waters公司); Agilent PRS 固相萃取柱(3cc 500 mg, 美国Agilent公司); 聚四氟乙烯滤膜(0.22 μm, 上海安谱公司)。
分析用标准品地西泮(CAS号: 439-14-5)、奥沙西泮(CAS号: 604-75-1)、咪达唑仑(CAS号: 59467-70-8)、氯硝西泮(CAS号: 1622-61-3)、劳拉西泮(CAS号: 846-49-1)、三唑仑(CAS号: 28981-01-5)、阿普唑仑(CAS号: 28981-97-7)、硝西泮(CAS号: 146-22-5)(标准物质质量浓度均为100 μg/mL, 坛墨质检标准物质中心), 为乙腈和甲醇中的8种兽药混合标准溶液。
Agilent 1290超高效液相色谱仪、AB Sciex Triple QuadTM 5500质谱仪[配有电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI)](美国AB Sciex公司); OA-SYS水浴氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司); BSA2202S-CW型电子天平[精度0.01 g, 赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; AS 30600BDT超声波清洗仪(天津奥特赛恩斯仪器有限公司); Bead Ruptor Elite多功能生物样品均质器(美国OMNI公司); MTV-100型多管旋涡混合仪(杭州奥盛仪器有限公司); Milli-Q超纯水仪(美国Millipore公司); 3-15ks高速离心机(德国Sigma公司)。
取鱼类、蛙类等水产品的可食肌肉部分, 切碎混匀并充分匀浆, 制成试样备用。准确称取2.50 g(精确到0.01 g)试样于50 mL具盖的聚丙烯离心管中, 加入10 mL 80%乙腈水提取液(含0.2 %甲酸)于多功能生物样品均质器中, 以2000 r/min均质提取5 min, 再超声振荡5 min后, 以9000 r/min的转速离心5 min。准确移取4.0 mL上清液过Waters Osasis PRIME HLB固相萃取柱, 调节过柱流速约1滴/s, 收集过滤流出的滤液于另一个干净的15 m聚丙烯离心管中, 在60 ℃水浴下氮气吹至滤液少于0.5 mL, 加入复溶液10%甲醇水溶液(10:90, V:V)定容至1.00 mL, 用多管旋涡混合仪以1500 r/min涡旋振荡1 min, 溶解残留物, 再经0.22 μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤至1 mL进样小瓶中待测。
准确移取甲醇中8种苯二氮卓类药物(地西泮、奥沙西泮、咪达唑仑、氯硝西泮、劳拉西泮、三唑仑、阿普唑仑、硝西泮)混合标准溶液1.00 mL, 用甲醇稀释溶解, 于10 mL容量瓶定容, 配制成质量浓度为10.0 μg/mL的混合标准储备液, -20 ℃以下避光保存。同样方法再稀释制备1.00 μg/mL和100 μg/L的混合标准工作溶液。
色谱柱: BEH C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm); 流动相: A为含0.1%甲酸的水溶液, B为甲醇; 流速: 0.4 mL/min; 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样量: 2 μL; 梯度洗脱程序见表1
离子源: ESI源; 扫描方式: 正离子扫描; 检测方式: 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM); 电喷雾电压: 5500 V; 离子源温度: 550 ℃; 气帘气压力: 35.0 psi; 碰撞气压力: 9 psi; 雾化器压力: 55.0 psi; 辅助加热器压力: 55.0 psi。以子母离子的保留时间和丰度比定性, 以峰面积定量。定性离子对、定量离子对、去簇电压及碰撞能量参数见表2
前处理条件优化相关实验进行3个平行样品的测定, 方法学验证进行6个平行样品的测定, 实际样品检测进行双平行测定。采用Analyst®软件采集原始数据, Multi Quant 3.0.2软件对采集的原始数据进行分析和定量, WPS Office 6软件对数据进行计算并绘制图表。
将100 μg/L的8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物混合标准溶液通过针泵进样注入电喷雾质谱仪中, 在正离子模式下, 通过一级和二级质谱扫描, 优化去簇电压获得目标化合物的母离子, 优化碰撞能量, 以响应值较强2个特征离子为定量离子和定性离子, 再进行MRM确定每个化合物母离子和子离子的质谱参数, 具体谱参数见表2
分别以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈、0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇、5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-甲醇这3种组合作为流动相, 分析目标化合物在各条件下的化合物的响应值强度、基质和峰型情况。经比较, 目标化合物在甲醇流动相条件下比乙腈流动相条件的响应值更高, 分离效果好。这与朱群英等[21]、杨霄等[22]的研究结果一致。5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液与0.1%甲酸水溶液条件下峰型和各物质间的分离效果相似, 因此选用0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇作为目标化合物检测的流动相。优化液相色谱流动相的洗脱比例和时间, 缩短检测时长, 最终确定梯度洗脱程序见表1。在此液质条件下8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物的总离子流色谱图见图1
苯二氮卓类镇静药物常用的提取溶剂主要有甲醇、乙腈和乙酸乙酯等。水产品的蛋白和脂肪含量都较高, 乙酸乙酯作为提取剂时样品中的脂溶性杂志较多, 提取液浑浊, 不易净化[22]。张秋云等[23]在研究中使用乙酸乙酯提取时的回收率偏低, 部分化合物的提取率低, 约为60%, 低于乙腈系列提取溶剂。在甲醇与乙腈作为提取溶剂的比较研究中, 乙腈系列提取溶剂回收率更高[24-25]。乙腈可以有效地沉淀蛋白质, 且乙腈对糖类和脂肪的溶解度低于甲醇, 因此多数研究者均采用乙腈作为主要的提取溶剂。
固相萃取法需要的有机溶剂量较少, 萃取时间短, 可以在过柱的过程中清除大部分杂质, 从而减少基质干扰, 苯二氮卓类药物检测的相关研究也较多采用此类净化方式[26-29]。本研究比较了Waters Osasis PRIME HLB固相萃取柱、Waters Osasis HLB固相萃取柱、Waters sep-pak Vac C18固相萃取柱和Agilent PRS 固相萃取柱这4种固相萃取柱的净化效果。结果如图2所示, Waters sep-pak Vac C18固相萃取柱对硝西泮、奥沙西泮等目标化合物净化后的回收率低于50%。C18固相萃取柱的单一净化效果不佳[23,26,30]。Waters Osasis PRIME HLB固相萃取柱和其他3种固相萃取柱相比, 实验操作更简便, 省去了活化、淋洗、洗脱等的操作步骤, 样品提取液直接过柱, 有效缩短了前处理时长, 对目标化合物的净化效果好, 且回收率整体上高于其他3种固相萃取柱。因此选择Waters Osasis PRIME HLB作为净化小柱。
药物残留分析过程中常用的浓缩方法有旋转蒸发、氮吹、真空浓缩等, 而氮吹方法的干燥速度快, 同批次处理样品的个数多、操作简单。研究以2.00 μg/mL的8种苯二氮卓类药物基质溶液为对象, 考察了不同温度下(40、60、80 ℃)氮吹对回收率的影响。在这3个温度下进行氮吹, 温度越高耗时越短, 目标化合物的响应值有差异, 但相差不大(如图3所示), 除硝西泮外, 在60 ℃下的回收率均高于40 ℃和80 ℃, 回收率在70.7%~107.9%之间, 此结果与张秋云等[23]的研究结果不同。40 ℃时氯硝西泮的回收率低于70%, 80 ℃时硝西泮回收率接近60%, 各目标物的回收率有所降低。因此, 氮吹温度选择60 ℃。
向6个草鱼空白试样中分别添加适量的1.00 μg/mL和100 μg/L的混合标准溶液, 制备成0.50、1.00、4.00、10.00、20.00、50.00 μg/kg的加标样品, 按照1.3.1样品前处理方法, 制备成基质匹配系列混合标准溶液, 于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行检测, 以各目标化合物的质量浓度为横坐标, 以定量离子的峰面积响应值为纵坐标, 绘制基质标准曲线。标准曲线回归方程和相关系数如表3所示, 在0.50~50.00 μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r均大于0.99。分别以3倍和10倍信噪比(S/N), 结合前处理方法, 分别计算各待测物的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ), 8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物的LODs为0.064~0.226 µg/kg, LOQs为0.2~0.5 µg/kg, 具体数据见表3
选取阴性草鱼、牛蛙、鲤鱼、乌鳢、鲫鱼、大口黑鲈的空白基质样品, 进行0.20(或0.50)、2.00、5.00 μg/kg 3水平加标回收实验。每个加标水平做6个平行样品实验, 按1.3.1中的方法进行样品处理, 供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定, 其平均回收率和相对标准偏差结果见表4。结果表明加标回收率在70.4%~107.0%之间, 相对标准偏差为2.1%~10.2%, 8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物的回收率和相对标准偏差满足相应的检测要求, 表明该方法具有良好的准确度和精密度。
采用本研究建立的方法, 对本地市场采回的100批次的不同水产品样品进行检测, 主要包括草鱼、鲫鱼、福寿鱼、黄颡鱼、乌鳢、多宝鱼、鲈鱼和牛蛙等鲜活水产品种。结果显示, 在1份鲫鱼样品中检出地西泮, 含量为0.615 μg/kg, 其余批次样品中均未检出苯二氮卓类镇静药物残留。
本研究建立了快速测定水产品中8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经含有0.2%甲酸的80%乙腈水提取, Waters Osasis PRIME HLB固相萃取小柱净化处理, 实现8种苯二氮卓类镇静药物的快速定性定量检测。该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、检出限低等优点, 方法学验证表明所建立方法在一定质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系、具有较低的LOD和LOQ, 较高的准确度和精密度, 方法回收率为70.4%~107.0%, 相对标准偏差为2.1%~10.2%, 与已有食品安全国家标准方法相比, 满足该类药物残留测定的要求, 可以为水产品中苯二氮卓类镇静药物的检测提供参考。
参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250121008
  • 接收时间:2025-01-21
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21
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    深圳市农产品质量安全检验检测中心, 深圳 518055

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*张兵(1972—), 男, 正高级农艺师, 主要研究方向为食用农产品质量安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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