Article(id=1217529310504735680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742313600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211208225, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211208225, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211208225, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211208225, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=180, endPage=188, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529311029023703, articleId=1217529310504735680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in food quality and safety, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Food safety is crucial for national economic development and public health. With the development of science and technology, traditional detection methods is difficult to meet the supervision requirements of food safety in complex scenarios. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), with its high efficiency, high accuracy, powerful data processing capabilities, and precise identification and predictive analysis functions, has gradually been applied to research fields such as food flavor analysis, food safety risk assessment and early warning, and authenticity identification. The application of AI technology has improved the timeliness and reliability of food quality and safety testing, and has built a prevention and control system covering the entire industry for regulatory departments through intelligent decision-making assistance systems, becoming the core technical support for ensuring “safety on the tip of the tongue”. This paper mainly introduced the main algorithms of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, and reviewed the research progress of AI algorithms in food quality and safety. Additionally, it looks ahead to the existing problems and future research trends of the application of AI algorithms in food quality and safety. The aim is to offer references for further promoting the research and practice of AI technology in the field of food quality and safety, and to provide research ideas for the field of food quality and safety detection.

, correspAuthors=Xiu-Ping SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xia WANG, Bing QI, Min WANG, Si-Wen SHEN, Yi-Wen HUANG, Ben YU, Hong-Kang WANG, Xiu-Ping SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529314636124355, articleId=1217529310504735680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=人工智能算法在食品质量与安全中的应用研究进展, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

食品安全关乎国家经济发展与民众健康。随着科技发展, 传统检测手段已难以满足复杂场景下的食品安全监管需求。近年来, 人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)因其高效率、高准确性以及强大的数据处理能力和精准识别与预测分析功能, 逐渐被应用于食品风味分析、食品安全风险评估与预警及真假鉴别等研究领域。AI技术的应用提升了食品质量安全检测的时效性与可靠性, 通过智能化决策辅助系统, 为监管部门构建起覆盖全产业链的防控体系, 成为保障“舌尖上的安全”的核心技术支撑。本文重点介绍了机器学习和深度学习的主要算法, 综述了AI算法在食品质量与安全方面的应用进展, 并对AI算法在食品质量与安全应用中存在的问题和未来研究趋势进行了展望, 以期为进一步推动AI技术在食品质量与安全领域的研究和实践提供参考, 为食品质量与安全检测提供研究思路。

, correspAuthors=沈秀平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*沈秀平(1980—), 女, 硕士, 正高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:
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王霞(1985—), 女, 硕士, 高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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王霞(1985—), 女, 硕士, 高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

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人工智能算法在食品质量与安全中的应用研究进展
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王霞 , 祁兵 , 王敏 , 沈斯文 , 黄祎雯 , 俞奔 , 汪弘康 , 沈秀平 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(13): 180-188
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(13): 180-188
人工智能算法在食品质量与安全中的应用研究进展
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王霞 , 祁兵, 王敏, 沈斯文, 黄祎雯, 俞奔, 汪弘康, 沈秀平*
作者信息
  • 上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708
  • 王霞(1985—), 女, 硕士, 高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*沈秀平(1980—), 女, 硕士, 正高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:
Research progress on the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in food quality and safety
Xia WANG , Bing QI, Min WANG, Si-Wen SHEN, Yi-Wen HUANG, Ben YU, Hong-Kang WANG, Xiu-Ping SHEN*
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Center of Agri-product Quality and Safety, Shanghai 201708, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319004
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食品安全关乎国家经济发展与民众健康。随着科技发展, 传统检测手段已难以满足复杂场景下的食品安全监管需求。近年来, 人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)因其高效率、高准确性以及强大的数据处理能力和精准识别与预测分析功能, 逐渐被应用于食品风味分析、食品安全风险评估与预警及真假鉴别等研究领域。AI技术的应用提升了食品质量安全检测的时效性与可靠性, 通过智能化决策辅助系统, 为监管部门构建起覆盖全产业链的防控体系, 成为保障“舌尖上的安全”的核心技术支撑。本文重点介绍了机器学习和深度学习的主要算法, 综述了AI算法在食品质量与安全方面的应用进展, 并对AI算法在食品质量与安全应用中存在的问题和未来研究趋势进行了展望, 以期为进一步推动AI技术在食品质量与安全领域的研究和实践提供参考, 为食品质量与安全检测提供研究思路。

人工智能  /  算法  /  机器学习  /  深度学习  /  食品质量与安全

Food safety is crucial for national economic development and public health. With the development of science and technology, traditional detection methods is difficult to meet the supervision requirements of food safety in complex scenarios. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI), with its high efficiency, high accuracy, powerful data processing capabilities, and precise identification and predictive analysis functions, has gradually been applied to research fields such as food flavor analysis, food safety risk assessment and early warning, and authenticity identification. The application of AI technology has improved the timeliness and reliability of food quality and safety testing, and has built a prevention and control system covering the entire industry for regulatory departments through intelligent decision-making assistance systems, becoming the core technical support for ensuring “safety on the tip of the tongue”. This paper mainly introduced the main algorithms of machine learning and deep learning algorithms, and reviewed the research progress of AI algorithms in food quality and safety. Additionally, it looks ahead to the existing problems and future research trends of the application of AI algorithms in food quality and safety. The aim is to offer references for further promoting the research and practice of AI technology in the field of food quality and safety, and to provide research ideas for the field of food quality and safety detection.

artificial intelligence  /  algorithms  /  machine learning  /  deep learning  /  food quality and safety
王霞, 祁兵, 王敏, 沈斯文, 黄祎雯, 俞奔, 汪弘康, 沈秀平. 人工智能算法在食品质量与安全中的应用研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 180 -188 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319004
Xia WANG, Bing QI, Min WANG, Si-Wen SHEN, Yi-Wen HUANG, Ben YU, Hong-Kang WANG, Xiu-Ping SHEN. Research progress on the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in food quality and safety[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 180 -188 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319004
食品安全关系人民健康、经济发展和社会稳定近年来, 食品安全问题频发, 严重危害人们健康和安全。农药残留超标、食品加工污染事件不断曝光, 非法添加、以次充好等食品掺假行为屡禁不止。人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)是指使机器或计算机能够模拟人类智能行为的技术和系统, 本质上是通过模仿人类思考、认知、决策和行动的过程[1-2]。AI作为前沿科技, 数据处理能力强大, 分析预测精准, 在食品质量与安全领域展现出了巨大的应用潜力和革命性价值, 有望带来前所未有的变革。
算法是AI技术的核心。目前AI算法种类繁多, 机器学习(machine learning, ML)和深度学习(deep learning, DL)是两大关键领域。其核心思路在于借助这些技术, 赋予计算机从数据中自主学习、归纳规律, 进而自行完成推理并做出决策的能力。ML算法是一种基于数据的AI技术, 它驱使计算机挖掘数据里潜藏的规律和模式, 以此对未知数据进行预测与分类。DL是ML的一个分支领域, 它基于深度神经网络, 通过构建具有多个隐藏层的模型, 自动从大量数据中学习复杂的模式和特征表示。伴随算力资源不断发展, DL算法迎来爆发式增长, 其中以机器视觉领域最为显著[3]。通过对样本数据内在规律及表现层次展开学习, 得以阐释声音、图像、文字等各类数据, 赋予算法与人类相仿的学习与分析能力。它能够模拟人类的感知(视觉、听觉)和思考过程, 从而攻克解决复杂的模式识别问题。近年来, AI算法因其自动处理数据、发现隐藏规律和模式、效率高和准确性高等优势逐渐应用于食品风味分析、食品安全风险评估与预警及真假鉴别等研究领域[4-5]
ML算法和DL算法各有优势和适用场景。ML算法通常结构相对简单, 可解释性较强, 在数据量较小、问题相对简单的情况下表现良好, 适用于传统数据分析和决策支持。DL算法能够自动学习复杂特征, 在处理大规模数据和复杂任务时具有强大的性能优势, 但模型训练成本高, 可解释性较差。在实际应用中, 需要根据具体任务需求、数据规模和计算资源等因素综合选择合适的算法。本文围绕ML和DL算法在食品质量与安全中的应用, 介绍了AI的主要算法, 综述了AI算法在食品质量与安全方面的研究进展, 并对AI算法在食品质量与安全应用中存在的问题和未来研究趋势进行展望, 以期为进一步推动AI技术在食品质量与安全检测领域的研究和实践提供参考, 为食品质量与安全检测技术人员提供研究思路。
ML是一类让计算机从数据中自动学习规律, 并利用这些规律对新数据进行预测或决策的方法, 主要分为监督学习、无监督学习、半监督学习和强化学习[6]。作为AI的核心技术, ML扮演着关键角色, 它通过利用统计方法和模型, 自动分析现有数据并从中学习, 以此为复杂的食品检测提供智能化应对之策。常见的ML算法包括线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA)、支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)、决策树(decision tree, DT)、随机森林(random forest, RF)、K-近邻(K-nearest neighbors, KNN)以及K-均值聚类等[7]。其中, LDA用于降维和分类, SVM用于高维度数据的分类和回归, DT、RF和KNN用于分类和回归, K-均值聚类算法用于数据聚类和分割。ML算法易于理解和实现, 可解释性强, 相对可控, 适用于各种小规模数据。但是ML算法在数据方面存在较高要求, 需要手动提取特征, 预测效果受限, 且无法处理较为复杂的数据集。
SVM是属于监督学习算法, 在高维数据的分类与回归分析场景中应用十分普遍, 分为支持向量分类(support vector classification, SVC)和支持向量回归(support vector regression, SVR)[8]。在分类任务里, SVM分类器在高维特征空间中建立了一个理想的、唯一的超平面, 类似一个最大边距分类器; 而在回归任务时, SVM分类器在高维向量空间中执行线性回归[3]。SVM将样本映射到高维特征空间, 通过寻找一个线性超平面使得样本能够在这个平面上被清晰地分隔开。当新的输入数据被映射到这个特征空间时, SVM能够准确地判断出它们应该归属于超平面的哪一边, 分类原理如图1所示[6]。SVM已被用于图像识别和分类、文本分类、药物发现以及风味物质分类和分析, 但是SVM在数据集较大、目标类别重叠时表现不佳[9]
DT算法是最经典的ML算法, 通过递归分割数据集来构建树状模型, 用于分类和回归任务[10]。它通过树状模型对数据进行预测, 每个内部节点表示一个属性上的测试, 每个分支代表一个测试结果, 每个叶节点代表一个类别或一个回归值。DT模型的建立过程是一个递归的过程, 通过对数据集的分割, 不断创建新的决策节点和分支, 直到满足某个停止条件, 最终DT的终端节点代表一个特定的类别或回归值[5,11], 如图2所示[7]。DT具有运算速度快、准确率高、易于理解和解释等优点, 但是因其具有高度灵活性, 可能会导致过拟合现象。
RF是一个高度灵活的经典ML算法, 本质是一种基于Bagging (bootstrap aggregating)策略的集成学习模型, 用于分类和回归任务[12]。RF是一个包含多个DT的分类器, 如图3所示[7]。输出是通过简单的多数投票方法或计算单个树的输出结果的平均值而获得。其中, 简单多数投票法用于分类模型, 单棵树输出结果的简单平均法用于回归模型[5]。作为多个DT的集成方法, RF不仅克服了DT方法过拟合的风险, 提高了模型的稳定性和准确性, 而且可以处理高维数据或不平衡数据集的多类问题。与DT相比, RF能够处理大型数据集, 但数据处理耗时, 需要更多的资源存储, 并且无法做到实时预测[13]
KNN算法是一种基本的监督学习算法, 用于解决分类问题。工作原理是基于相似性的假设, 即相近的数据点更可能属于同一类别。在分类问题中, KNN算法通过计算新数据点与训练集中所有数据点的距离, 选取距离最近的K个邻居, 并根据这K个邻居的类别来预测新数据点的类别。通常情况下, 会选择出现频率最高的类别作为新数据点的预测类别, 如图4所示[14]。在类别决策时, KNN方法只与少量的邻近样本有关, 靠周围有限的邻近的样本来确定所属类别, 因此适合类域的交叉或重叠较多的待分类样本集。作为最简单的ML算法, KNN的主要局限性在于其存储需求和计算成本较高[15]
此外, LDA是机器学习领域的一种经典算法, 属于监督学习方法。通过寻找一个线性组合将数据投影到低维空间, 使得不同类别的数据尽可能分开, 同一类别的数据尽可能紧凑, 在降维和分类任务中表现出色。
DL作为ML的一个重要分支, 是通过构建多层神经网络来实现自主学习和预测的能力, 其核心是深度神经网络, 它由多个层次的神经元组成, 每一层都可以提取出不同的特征信息, 从而实现对复杂数据的学习和预测, 被广泛用于解决高度复杂的分类和回归问题[16-17]。常见DL算法有人工神经网络(artificial neural networks, ANN)、卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)、自编码器(automeoder, AE)、生成对抗网络(generative adversarial network, GAN)、反向传播(back propagation, BP)等[2,18-19]
与传统的ML相比, DL算法能自动提取特征, 适用于大规模的数据集, 且预测效果好。但是对计算资源要求较高, 包括计算机性能和存储空间, 训练时间长, 增加成本和时间成本, 模型可解释性差。
ANN是20世纪80年代以来AI领域兴起的研究热点, 是一种模仿生物大脑神经元之间相互连接和传递信息的计算模型。它由大量的神经元组成, 这些神经元通过连接权重相互连接, 形成一个复杂的网络结构, 神经网络中神经元的基本模型如图5所示, 包括输入、权重、偏置、激活函数和输出等关键要素[20]
ANN工作原理是通过样本训练挖掘系统的隐含规律, 建立某种简单模型, 按不同的连接方式组成不同的网络(如图6所示), 可实现预警预测功能[21]。作为AI学科分支, ANN因独特结构和信息处理方法, 在食品领域得到广泛应用, 如水果质量分等分级、粮食中水分检测及风味分析等方面[14,22]
CNN是应用最广泛的DL预测模型之一。CNN是一类包含卷积计算且具有深度结构的前馈神经网络, 具有计算效率高、精确度高、模型可解释性强等优点, 广泛应用于图像识别、视频分析、预测等领域[23]。CNN主要由CNN层、池化层和分类层3类层组成, 具有表征学习能力, 能够按其阶层结构对输入信息进行平移不变分类, 如图7所示[22]。通过输入图像, 卷积网络处理, 得出图像是什么的(分类)结论。CNN用于图像处理单元进行训练的效果显著提高, 对图像、物体等非结构化数据的处理呈现显著优势[6]
随着人们生活水平的提高, 消费者对食品质量与安全的需求日益增长。AI算法的快速发展为食品风味分析、品质检测、风险评估与预警分析及真假鉴别等方面带来了新的契机[24-28]
食品风味影响人们食欲和口感体验, 会直接影响食物的受欢迎程度[29]。传统的风味分析检测方法预测食品风味的能力有限, 近年来ML算法被应用于预测食品的风味。通过对大量风味成分数据以及感官评价数据的学习与训练, 运用ML算法建立分类和预测模型, 显著提升风味预测的准确性与效率[3,7,30]
在食品风味检测领域, 电子鼻与ML结合的技术展现出卓越性能, 其优势在于通过电子鼻传感器采集食品气味, 并利用ML算法进行数据分析与分类[31]。YU等[32]通过电子鼻、电子舌结合气相色谱-质谱仪检测了不同地区的12种典型传统发酵大豆酱, 筛选出共有的挥发性化合物, 并运用SVR方法, 分析预测酯类、氨基酸氮、总酸和盐度。结果表明, 预测的相关系数均在0.8以上, 表明SVR与电子鼻、电子舌采集的数据相结合, 可有效预测食品的关键风味特征。目前, ML已实现了对香气类型、特征、强度和感知的高精度预测, 也成功预测了滋味如酸味、甜味、苦味和鲜味的分类及强度。国婷婷[33]结合虚拟仪器技术、数据预处理技术及分类识别技术, 建立了基于集成学习的电子舌预测模型, 并将其成功用于小麦储存年限的检测分析中。
食品品质是食品的外观、口感、营养价值、保质期等方面的综合表现。ML算法在食品的分类与品质指标预测领域中应用广泛。相较于传统的肉眼判断, DL提供了一种便捷、高效、准确的食品品质指标检测方式[23]。BAVIERA-PUIG等[34]将层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process, AHP)与感官分析相结合, 构建多准则模型用于评估桃子和油桃等核果类水果的品质。LIU等[35]开发了一种基于DL的超声图像预测猪肉肌内脂肪百分比的方法, 利用CNN模型来准确预测肌内脂肪, 突出AI算法在畜肉品质检测中的应用。
此外, 新鲜度也是食品品质中的一个重要属性, 直接决定食品的可食用性[17]。HE等[36]将高光谱成像技术提取的平均光谱作为数据来源, 建立了CNN结合长短期记忆模型对白菜和菠菜的新鲜度进行预测, 该模型在训练集、验证集和测试集的分类准确率均超过80%。DL在食品新鲜度检测中具有优势, 但也面临着数据需求大、训练复杂度高和鲁棒性差等挑战。
随着科学技术不断迭代, 食品安全检测技术取得显著进步, 但在个别参数检测方法灵敏度与特异性仍存在不足。多残留复合污染的精准分析仍存在困难, 以农药、兽药残留检测为例, 不同药物理化性质、极性差异显著, 导致多组分同步检测面临技术壁垒。此外, 食品安全检测数据呈现多源异构、高维海量的特征, 传统统计分析方法难以高效处理, 亟需探索新的分析技术与数据处理模式, 以突破现有检测技术的应用局限。深度学习算法的发展, 尤其是CNN在图像特征提取, 循环神经网对序列数据的高效处理以及迁移学习在小样本学习领域的突破, 拓展了食品安全检测的应用场景[37]。此外, AI与光谱分析、色谱分析等传统检测手段的融合, 进一步提升了食品安全检测的分析速度和准确性[38-40]
张昊等[41]借助DL模型, 建立了对特定水生蔬菜高辨识度的识别系统和水生蔬菜中4种有害元素含量水平预警系统, 该系统可用于食品安全风险监测工作。LI等[42]使用柔性纸基传感器获取食品样品中氯毒素的拉曼信号, 并结合偏最小二乘算法构建了预测模型, 用于快速检测食品中氯毒素。STULTS等[43]运用3种ML技术, 构建了鱼类中全氟和多氟烷基物质(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS)分类指纹模型, 用于地表水中的PFAS源跟踪。SUN等[44]将电化学传感器与ML结合, 建立了一个快速、灵敏和可靠的食品污染物检测系统, 推动了智能检测系统的发展。MOUSAVIZADEGAN等[45]基于ML的智能手机图像分析荧光检测四环素, 开发了ANN模型和Bagging+DT模型, 用于水和牛奶样品中四环素的准确快速检测。
AI算法与光谱技术、色谱技术的结合, 为食品安全筑牢防线。色谱技术分离食品复杂成分, 通过AI算法优化色谱参数, 能够快速精准定量农药残留、兽药残留等有害物质; 光谱技术通过特征光谱识别物质, 结合AI算法可筛查非法添加剂, 鉴别伪劣食品, 准确率高。通过多种技术的协同, 实现食品中微生物快速鉴定与溯源及食品新鲜度、品质的实时动态监测, 提升食品安全检测效率与准确性, 保障消费者饮食安全。
目前已有多项研究利用ML技术建立农药残留、微生物等风险因子预警模型, 并进行精准评估。刘广杰[46]以国家市场监督管理总局公布的食用农产品安全检测数据为数据基础, 基于集成学习(light gradient boosting machine, Light GBM)多层次分类预测思维, 训练数据, 构建了一个可靠性高的食用农产品合格分类预警模型, 并用于食用农产品不合格样品的风险预测。
目前, 我国食品安全风险预警的主要手段限于对近期抽检情况的统计分析, 缺乏多维性的分析。ML因具备对大数据的强大分析能力与对多种特征间潜在联系的识别能力, 适合准确识别食品安全风险发生的多维度关联特征并预测风险。周洁红等[47]利用2014—2022年超30万条生鲜水产品质量抽检大数据, 基于RF算法构建了生鲜水产品风险预测模型, 有效实现了生鲜水产品质量安全风险的预警。张星联等[21]以2011—2012年我国5省市的蔬菜中农药残留监测数据为样本, 采取神经网络方法构建风险预警模型, 探索了基于常规监测数据的神经网络预警模型在农产品质量安全风险管理中的应用。结果显示, 预警模型具有一定可行性和实用性, 为提升农产品质量安全风险管理水平提供了新思路。
此外, 利用大数据处理技术, 结合AI算法, 深度挖掘农产品中农药残留、真菌毒素等指标与气候因素(气温、降雨量等)间的内在关联性, 建立多元因子预测模型, 可作为一种基于农产品检测数据和气候信息大数据的新型农产品安全风险预警方法。WANG等[48]利用ML对欧洲小麦多种真菌毒素污染进行区域预测, 以作物物候数据、天气数据和卫星图像作为输入数据, 预测欧洲区域小麦中一种或多种真菌毒素的风险水平。结果显示, 内部和外部验证的预测精确度为0.90~0.99, 预测性能较高。
AI算法与光谱、色谱、图像、质谱等分析技术深度融合, 为食品真假鉴别提供了精准高效的解决方案。AI在食品真实性鉴别中发挥重要作用, 有效保障了食品的真实性与可靠性。SUN等[49]借助ML联合网络爬虫算法检索文献, 总结了近年来国内外主要果汁鉴伪技术的研究与应用进展, 阐述了基于代谢组学的非靶向/靶向标记法在果汁鉴伪中的应用, 为果汁鉴伪技术研究提供参考。CHUNG等[50]提出了一种ML模型, 无需寻找特定物质, 以非靶向方法检测牛奶掺假, 从而监控和标记可疑样本。DL模型在图像和数据分析方面展现出较高的准确性, 能够有效识别和分类食品样本中的掺假成分。GENG等[51]、LIU等[52]利用CNN结合图像技术来捕捉图像特征, 开发了一种快速简便的检测肉类掺假的方法, 对羊肉片和牛肉片的鉴别准确率分别达到99.38%和98.20%。
AI算法在食品质量与安全领域取得了一定进展, 但仍存在一些不足和挑战。
AI算法的性能高度依赖于数据的质量和数量。食品质量安全数据来源广泛, 格式标准不统一, 共享难度大, 阻碍了AI算法对大量数据的整合运用。数据采集、质量控制和真实性评估的标准化程序缺失, 影响AI模型的准确性。其次, 数据安全也面临挑战。因此, 在使用AI模型进行品质分析、风险预警等研究时, 需要充分考虑数据的来源、质量和优化方式, 确保模型的可靠准确, 同时保护数据隐私和安全。
目前, 大多数AI算法, 尤其是DL算法, 属于黑盒模型, 其决策过程和依据难以理解和解释, 可能导致监管部门和消费者对AI算法在食品质量与安全检测结果和风险评估结论缺乏信任。为提高算法的可解释性与透明度, 需要开展相关研究, 开发可解释的AI算法模型, 或建立辅助解释系统, 对AI算法的决策过程进行可视化展示和解释说明。
面对食品种类繁多、成分复杂、生产环境多变等情况, AI算法难以保证检测、预警的准确性与稳定性。通过优化数据处理、改进算法、实时监测与动态调整等策略, 提升AI模型稳定性, 使其更好服务于食品安全保障。
AI算法在食品质量与安全领域的应用需要既懂AI技术又熟悉食品质量安全专业知识的复合型人才。因此, 需要培养既具备扎实AI理论基础又掌握食品安全专业知识的复合型人才, 同时鼓励政府与企业、高校、科研机构合作, 推动AI技术在食品质量与安全领域的创新发展。
当前AI算法在食品领域应用的法规滞后, 对于数据使用、责任界定等缺乏明确规范, 出现问题难以追责。此外, AI系统需购置数据采集设备、投入大量计算资源与专业技术人员, 成本高昂, 限制了AI技术在食品质量安全及数字化监管中的应用。
未来应加快技术革新, 促进新技术与AI深度融合, 实现实时监测与数据更新, 构建多维动态预测预警模型, 实现风险预警精准化。推动数据共享与合作, 打造超大规模、高维度的食品质量与安全数据库, 为AI算法的训练和应用提供充足的数据支持。通过数据的深度挖掘与融合应用, 为AI算法提供“智慧动力”, 激发创新活力, 催生更多突破性的AI应用成果, 引领食品质量与安全行业迈向智能化发展, 全方位守护公众“舌尖上的安全”。
  • 上海市农业科技创新项目(2024-02-08-00-12-F00034)
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250319004
  • 接收时间:2025-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19
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上海市农业科技创新项目(2024-02-08-00-12-F00034)
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    上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708

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*沈秀平(1980—), 女, 硕士, 正高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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