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Article(id=1217529310001419179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739289600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211208105, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211208105, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211208105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211208105, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=314, endPage=320, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529310320186293, articleId=1217529310001419179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Survey on the current status of residue of veterinary drugs in eggs on sale in Banan district, Chongqing and assessment of dietaryposure risk, columnId=1153433739154678309, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Safety Supervision and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the current status of veterinary drug residues in eggs on sold in Banan District, Chongqing and assess the health risk of residues’ dietary intake residues. Methods In 2024, a total of 208 egg samples were randomly collected from markets and supermarkets in 10 towns and streets of Banan district. The residues of 15 kinds of veterinary drugs were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The point assessment method was employed to calculate the daily estimated exposure and hazard quotient for dietary exposure risk assessment. Results The detection rate of veterinary drug residues in 208 samples of market eggs was 8.65% (18/208), with doxycycline showed the highest detection rate at 3.37% (7/208). The unqualified rate was 0.96% (2/208), with the unqualified samples mainly coming from unbranded bulk eggs sold in markets. The dietary exposure assessment revealed that the daily estimated exposure of veterinary drug residues ranged from 0.00013 to 0.03450 μg/(kg·bw·d), and the hazard quotient ranged from 0.00000 to 0.00872, significantly below the safety threshold. This indicates a low health risk associated with the intake of veterinary drug residues in eggs sold in the market. Conclusion Veterinary drug residues are detected in eggs sold in Banan District, Chongqing, but the residue is generally controllable and the health risk low. Special attention should be given to bulk and unbranded eggs, and standards for veterinary drug use and residue limits should be further refined.

, correspAuthors=Qian LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan-Qun ZHANG, Qian LIAO, Bo-Yu CUI, Xing-Hui SONG, Ji LENG, Jin-Mei ZHENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529311096132572, articleId=1217529310001419179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋中残留兽药现状调查及膳食暴露风险评估, columnId=1153433739318256173, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品安全监管, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋中兽药残留现状, 评估居民膳食摄入残留兽药导致的健康风险。方法 于2024年随机抽取重庆市巴南区10个镇街的集贸市场和超市售卖的鸡蛋共208份, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测15种兽药残留含量, 通过点评估法计算每日估计暴露量和危害商, 评估膳食暴露风险。结果 208份市售鸡蛋样本中兽药残留检出率8.65% (18/208), 检出率最高为多西环素3.37% (7/208); 不合格率0.96% (2/208), 不合格样本主要来源于集贸市场售卖的散装无品牌鸡蛋。膳食暴露评估显示, 兽药残留的每日估计暴露量范围为0.00013~0.03450 μg/(kg·bw·d), 危害商范围为0.00000~0.00872, 远低于安全阈值, 提示摄入市售鸡蛋中残留兽药所引起的人体健康危害风险较低。结论 重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋存在兽药残留现象, 但残留量总体可控, 健康风险较低。需重点关注散装和无品牌鸡蛋的监管, 并完善兽药使用规范及残留限量标准。

, correspAuthors=廖倩, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*廖倩(1989—), 女, 主管检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验。E-mail:
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张元群(1984—), 女, 副主任检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验及质量管理。E-mail:

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张元群(1984—), 女, 副主任检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验及质量管理。E-mail:

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张元群(1984—), 女, 副主任检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验及质量管理。E-mail:

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QuEChERS-高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测鸡蛋中金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、氟虫腈及其代谢物残留[J]. 化工技术与开发, 2024, 53(6): 62-66., articleTitle=QuEChERS-高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测鸡蛋中金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、氟虫腈及其代谢物残留, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268765429926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=6, pageStart=62, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=59, authorNames=OUYANG XY, HUANG S, MENG DJ, journalName=Technology & Development of Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OUYANG XY, HUANG S, MENG DJ, et al. Determination of residues of amantadine, rimantadine, fluoxpyr and its metabolites in eggs by QuEChERS-PLC-MS/MS[J]. Technology & Development of Chemical Industry, 2024, 53(6): 62-66., articleTitle=Determination of residues of amantadine, rimantadine, fluoxpyr and its metabolites in eggs by QuEChERS-PLC-MS/MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268882870441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=29, issue=16, pageStart=2020, pageEnd=2021, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=60, authorNames=程静, 刘志红, 张智, journalName=中国卫生检验杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程静, 刘志红, 张智, 等. 2017年—2018年内蒙古市售鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和利巴韦林残留调查[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2019, 29(16): 2020-2021., articleTitle=2017年—2018年内蒙古市售鸡蛋和鸡肉中金刚烷胺和利巴韦林残留调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268975145133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=29, issue=16, pageStart=2020, pageEnd=2021, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=61, authorNames=CHENG J, LIU ZH, ZHANG Z, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG J, LIU ZH, ZHANG Z, et al. Survey of residues of amantadine and ribavirin in eggs and chicken sold in Inner Mongolia from 2017 to 2018[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2019, 29(16): 2020-2021., articleTitle=Survey of residues of amantadine and ribavirin in eggs and chicken sold in Inner Mongolia from 2017 to 2018, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217901258887844627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, awardId=KY202208185571003, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市巴南区2022年度区级科技项目(KY202208185571003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901250079805710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901250104971538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, companyId=1217901250079805710, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Banan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 401320, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901250117554453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, companyId=1217901250079805710, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市巴南区疾病预防控制中心, 重庆 401320)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901255238799959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry spectra of the unqualified sample, figureFileSmall=cqvsNpcWyh3J1Pip7jEc/A==, figureFileBig=ZGtK6ac3ZGDyTcXqnZH3CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255347851875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不合格样本液相色谱-串联质谱图谱, figureFileSmall=cqvsNpcWyh3J1Pip7jEc/A==, figureFileBig=ZGtK6ac3ZGDyTcXqnZH3CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255490458222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Current situation of veterinary drug residues in eggs on the market (n=208)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
兽药名称 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/% 检测值/(μg/kg)
均值 P50 P97.5 最大值
甲硝唑 0 0 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
氟苯尼考 0 0 0 0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
恩诺沙星 5 2.40 0 0 0.33 0.30 0.30 2.80
氧氟沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
培氟沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
洛美沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
诺氟沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
土霉素 3 1.44 0 0 0.60 0.30 0.30 51.50
多西环素 7 3.37 2 0.96 0.64 0.30 1.18 38.90
金霉素 1 0.48 0 0 0.33 0.30 0.30 5.70
四环素 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
尼卡巴嗪 3 1.44 0 0 0.32 0.30 0.30 3.60
地克珠利 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
托曲珠利 0 0 0 0 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
), ArticleFig(id=1217901255607898744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

市售鸡蛋兽药残留现状(n=208)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
兽药名称 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/% 检测值/(μg/kg)
均值 P50 P97.5 最大值
甲硝唑 0 0 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
氟苯尼考 0 0 0 0 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
恩诺沙星 5 2.40 0 0 0.33 0.30 0.30 2.80
氧氟沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
培氟沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
洛美沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
诺氟沙星 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
土霉素 3 1.44 0 0 0.60 0.30 0.30 51.50
多西环素 7 3.37 2 0.96 0.64 0.30 1.18 38.90
金霉素 1 0.48 0 0 0.33 0.30 0.30 5.70
四环素 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
尼卡巴嗪 3 1.44 0 0 0.32 0.30 0.30 3.60
地克珠利 0 0 0 0 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30
托曲珠利 0 0 0 0 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
), ArticleFig(id=1217901255721144964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Current distribution of veterinary drug residues in eggs sold in various towns and streets

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
镇街名称 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
鱼洞街道 40 4 10.00 0 0
龙洲湾街道 40 2 5.00 0 0
花溪街道 40 3 7.50 0 0
南泉街道 14 2 14.29 1 7.14
南彭街道 18 1 5.56 0 0
界石镇 20 2 10.00 0 0
安澜镇 10 1 10.00 1 10.00
接龙镇 9 0 0 0 0
东温泉镇 9 2 22.22 0 0
双河口镇 8 1 12.50 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901255817613962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各镇街市售鸡蛋兽药残留现状分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
镇街名称 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
鱼洞街道 40 4 10.00 0 0
龙洲湾街道 40 2 5.00 0 0
花溪街道 40 3 7.50 0 0
南泉街道 14 2 14.29 1 7.14
南彭街道 18 1 5.56 0 0
界石镇 20 2 10.00 0 0
安澜镇 10 1 10.00 1 10.00
接龙镇 9 0 0 0 0
东温泉镇 9 2 22.22 0 0
双河口镇 8 1 12.50 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901255926665874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Current situation of veterinary drug residues in eggs sold in different packaging

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
包装 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
散装 146 17 11.64 2 1.37
定型包装 62 1 1.61 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256077660831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同包装市售鸡蛋兽药残留现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
包装 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
散装 146 17 11.64 2 1.37
定型包装 62 1 1.61 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256199295654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Current situation of veterinary drug residues in bulk eggs sold in the market at different prices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单价(元/kg) 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
<10 17 1 5.88 0 0
10~12 15 1 6.67 0 0
12~14 41 7 14.60 1 2.44
14~16 24 3 12.50 1 4.17
16~18 25 3 12.00 0 0
18~20 13 1 7.69 0 0
≥20 11 1 18.18 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256383845044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同价格散装市售鸡蛋兽药残留现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单价(元/kg) 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
<10 17 1 5.88 0 0
10~12 15 1 6.67 0 0
12~14 41 7 14.60 1 2.44
14~16 24 3 12.50 1 4.17
16~18 25 3 12.00 0 0
18~20 13 1 7.69 0 0
≥20 11 1 18.18 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256539034309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Current situation of veterinary drug residues in eggs from different sampling sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样场所 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
集贸市场 94 13 13.83 2 2.13
超市 114 5 4.39 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256752943828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同采样场所鸡蛋兽药残留现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样场所 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
集贸市场 94 13 13.83 2 2.13
超市 114 5 4.39 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256849412828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Current situation of veterinary drug residues in eggs from different sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品牌 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
有品牌 74 1 1.35 0 0
无品牌 134 17 12.69 2 1.49
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256958464745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同来源市售鸡蛋兽药残留现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品牌 样本数/份 检出数/份 检出率/% 不合格数/份 不合格率/%
有品牌 74 1 1.35 0 0
无品牌 134 17 12.69 2 1.49
), ArticleFig(id=1217901257054933747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

DEE and HQ of veterinary drug residues in eggs sold in Banan District in 2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
兽药名称 ADI/[μg/(kg·bw)] DEE/[μg/(kg·bw·d)] HQ
均值 P97.5 最大值 均值 P97.5 最大值
甲硝唑 * 0.00013 0.00013 0.00013 - - -
氟苯尼考 3 0.00033 0.00033 0.00033 0.00011 0.00011 0.00011
恩诺沙星 6.2 0.00022 0.00020 0.00188 0.00004 0.00003 0.00030
氧氟沙星 5 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004
培氟沙星 * 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 - - -
洛美沙星 25 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
诺氟沙星 14 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
土霉素 30 0.00040 0.00020 0.03450 0.00001 0.00001 0.00115
多西环素 3 0.00043 0.00079 0.02606 0.00014 0.00026 0.00869
金霉素 30 0.00022 0.00020 0.00382 0.00001 0.00001 0.00013
四环素 30 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
尼卡巴嗪 400 0.00021 0.00020 0.00241 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001
地克珠利 30 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
托曲珠利 2 0.00040 0.00040 0.00040 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020
), ArticleFig(id=1217901258392916731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529310001419179, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

2024年巴南区市售鸡蛋兽药DEE及HQ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
兽药名称 ADI/[μg/(kg·bw)] DEE/[μg/(kg·bw·d)] HQ
均值 P97.5 最大值 均值 P97.5 最大值
甲硝唑 * 0.00013 0.00013 0.00013 - - -
氟苯尼考 3 0.00033 0.00033 0.00033 0.00011 0.00011 0.00011
恩诺沙星 6.2 0.00022 0.00020 0.00188 0.00004 0.00003 0.00030
氧氟沙星 5 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00004 0.00004 0.00004
培氟沙星 * 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 - - -
洛美沙星 25 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
诺氟沙星 14 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
土霉素 30 0.00040 0.00020 0.03450 0.00001 0.00001 0.00115
多西环素 3 0.00043 0.00079 0.02606 0.00014 0.00026 0.00869
金霉素 30 0.00022 0.00020 0.00382 0.00001 0.00001 0.00013
四环素 30 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
尼卡巴嗪 400 0.00021 0.00020 0.00241 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001
地克珠利 30 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020 0.00001 0.00001 0.00001
托曲珠利 2 0.00040 0.00040 0.00040 0.00020 0.00020 0.00020
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重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋中残留兽药现状调查及膳食暴露风险评估
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张元群 , 廖倩 * , 崔博宇 , 宋兴惠 , 冷吉 , 郑金梅
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品安全监管 2025,16(13): 314-320
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品安全监管 2025, 16(13): 314-320
重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋中残留兽药现状调查及膳食暴露风险评估
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张元群 , 廖倩* , 崔博宇, 宋兴惠, 冷吉, 郑金梅
作者信息
  • 重庆市巴南区疾病预防控制中心, 重庆 401320

    • 张元群(1984—), 女, 副主任检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验及质量管理。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*廖倩(1989—), 女, 主管检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验。E-mail:
Survey on the current status of residue of veterinary drugs in eggs on sale in Banan district, Chongqing and assessment of dietaryposure risk
Yuan-Qun ZHANG , Qian LIAO* , Bo-Yu CUI, Xing-Hui SONG, Ji LENG, Jin-Mei ZHENG
Affiliations
  • Chongqing Banan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 401320, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212001
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摘要
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目的 了解重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋中兽药残留现状, 评估居民膳食摄入残留兽药导致的健康风险。方法 于2024年随机抽取重庆市巴南区10个镇街的集贸市场和超市售卖的鸡蛋共208份, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测15种兽药残留含量, 通过点评估法计算每日估计暴露量和危害商, 评估膳食暴露风险。结果 208份市售鸡蛋样本中兽药残留检出率8.65% (18/208), 检出率最高为多西环素3.37% (7/208); 不合格率0.96% (2/208), 不合格样本主要来源于集贸市场售卖的散装无品牌鸡蛋。膳食暴露评估显示, 兽药残留的每日估计暴露量范围为0.00013~0.03450 μg/(kg·bw·d), 危害商范围为0.00000~0.00872, 远低于安全阈值, 提示摄入市售鸡蛋中残留兽药所引起的人体健康危害风险较低。结论 重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋存在兽药残留现象, 但残留量总体可控, 健康风险较低。需重点关注散装和无品牌鸡蛋的监管, 并完善兽药使用规范及残留限量标准。

鸡蛋  /  兽药残留  /  膳食暴露评估  /  健康风险

Objective To investigate the current status of veterinary drug residues in eggs on sold in Banan District, Chongqing and assess the health risk of residues’ dietary intake residues. Methods In 2024, a total of 208 egg samples were randomly collected from markets and supermarkets in 10 towns and streets of Banan district. The residues of 15 kinds of veterinary drugs were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The point assessment method was employed to calculate the daily estimated exposure and hazard quotient for dietary exposure risk assessment. Results The detection rate of veterinary drug residues in 208 samples of market eggs was 8.65% (18/208), with doxycycline showed the highest detection rate at 3.37% (7/208). The unqualified rate was 0.96% (2/208), with the unqualified samples mainly coming from unbranded bulk eggs sold in markets. The dietary exposure assessment revealed that the daily estimated exposure of veterinary drug residues ranged from 0.00013 to 0.03450 μg/(kg·bw·d), and the hazard quotient ranged from 0.00000 to 0.00872, significantly below the safety threshold. This indicates a low health risk associated with the intake of veterinary drug residues in eggs sold in the market. Conclusion Veterinary drug residues are detected in eggs sold in Banan District, Chongqing, but the residue is generally controllable and the health risk low. Special attention should be given to bulk and unbranded eggs, and standards for veterinary drug use and residue limits should be further refined.

eggs  /  veterinary drug residues  /  dietary exposure assessment  /  health risk
张元群, 廖倩, 崔博宇, 宋兴惠, 冷吉, 郑金梅. 重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋中残留兽药现状调查及膳食暴露风险评估. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 314 -320 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212001
Yuan-Qun ZHANG, Qian LIAO, Bo-Yu CUI, Xing-Hui SONG, Ji LENG, Jin-Mei ZHENG. Survey on the current status of residue of veterinary drugs in eggs on sale in Banan district, Chongqing and assessment of dietaryposure risk[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 314 -320 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212001
正文
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0 引言
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鸡蛋作为优质蛋白质来源, 富含必需氨基酸、维生素和矿物质, 是居民膳食结构的重要组成部分。然而, 在蛋鸡养殖过程中, 兽药(如抗生素、抗寄生虫药)的广泛使用可能导致药物在鸡蛋中残留, 进而通过食物链对人体健康产生潜在危害。研究表明, 兽药残留可能引发过敏反应、肠道菌群紊乱, 甚至导致细菌耐药性增强, 威胁公共卫生安全[1-3]。
近年来, 国内外对鸡蛋中兽药残留的监管日益严格。我国也出台了GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》和GB 31650.1—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》等标准, 明确了鸡蛋中多种兽药的限量标准。但部分养殖户为降低蛋鸡疾病的发生, 提高养殖产量, 违规使用兽药的现象仍然存在[4-6]。因此, 开展市售鸡蛋的兽药残留风险监测很有必要。本研究系统对巴南区市售鸡蛋中15种兽药残留现状进行调查, 并结合点评估模型进行膳食暴露风险评估, 旨在为监管部门制定针对性措施提供数据支持, 同时为消费者食品安全选择提供参考。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 材料
在重庆市巴南区10个镇街居民主要购买场所, 随机采集市售鸡蛋208份, 其中集贸市场94份、超市114份。包含定型包装样本62份、散装样本146份。
1.2 仪器和试剂
Waters I-Class/Xevo TQ-XS液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪、HLB固相萃取柱(6 cc/150 mg)(美国Waters公司); Heraeus Multifuge X1R冷冻型等速台式离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); WT-12A Miulab水浴氮吹仪 (杭州米欧仪器有限公司); KS-7200DE液晶超声波清洗器(昆山洁力美超声仪器有限公司)。
乙腈、甲醇(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 甲酸(色谱纯, 美国Waters公司); 四环素类标准品(坛墨质检科技股份有限公司); 硝基咪唑类、氟苯尼考类、喹诺酮类、抗球虫类标准品(天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)
1.3 检测项目及检测方法
检测甲硝唑、氟苯尼考、氟苯尼考胺、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、土霉素、多西环素、金霉素、四环素、尼卡巴嗪、地克珠利、托曲珠利、托曲珠利砜、托曲珠利亚砜等共18项兽药残留标志物, 检测方法参照《2024年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中标准操作程序, 液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。
1.4 结果判定及依据
按照规定鸡蛋中兽药最大残留限量: 土霉素、金霉素、四环素均为400 μg/kg, 氟苯尼考(氟苯尼考与氟苯尼考胺之和)、恩诺沙星(恩诺沙星与环丙沙星之和)、多西环素、地克珠利、托曲珠利(托曲珠利、托曲珠利砜及托曲珠利亚砜之和)均为10 μg/kg, 氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星均为2 μg/kg, 任何1种兽药残留量超出标准限量值即判定为产品不合格; 甲硝唑不得检出, 检出即判定为产品不合格。尼卡巴嗪在我国暂未规定鸡蛋残留限量标准, 本研究参照新加坡标准300 μg/kg[7]进行判定。
1.5 膳食风险暴露评估
采用《食品中化学物风险评估的原则和方法》[8]中的点评估模型进行暴露评估。化学物每日估计暴露值(daily estimated exposure, DEE)等于食物消费量均值与食物中化学物含量的乘积。其计算见公式(1):
DEE=F×C/bw/1000
式中: DEE为每日每公斤体重兽药暴露量, μg/(kg·bw·d); F为调查人群每日消费量, 依据2023年重庆统计年鉴[9]中城镇常住居民家庭人均主要食品消费量(2021—2022年)数据, 蛋及蛋制品日平均摄入量40.19 g/d; C为兽药残留量检测值, μg/kg; 本研究以兽药残留平均检测值、P97.5、最大值进行估计; bw为调查人群平均体重, 本研究取人体平均体重60.0 kg。
采用危害商(hazard quotient, HQ), 即化学物每日估计暴露量与每日允许摄入量的比值, 对市售鸡蛋中兽药残留的人群健康风险进行评价。其计算见公式(2):
HQ=DEE/ADI
式中: ADI为化学物每日容许摄入量(acceptable daily intake), μg/(kg·bw)。
当HQ≤1时, 表明通过膳食摄入的兽药残留量对人体健康影响风险是可以接受的; 当HQ>1时, 表明通过膳食摄入的兽药残留量对人体健康存在风险, 且数值越大风险越高。
1.6 数据处理
运用WPS Office 2022表格软件对数据进行整理, SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行统计分析。根据食品低水平污染可靠性评价原则[10-11], 对于检测结果小于检出限(limit of detection, LOD)的按未检出计。当未检出率≤60%时, 检测结果低于LOD的按1/2 LOD计; 当未检出率>60%时, 检测结果低于LOD的按LOD计。本研究中兽药未检出率均>60%, 检测结果低于LOD的按LOD计。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 总体情况
208份市售鸡蛋共检出5种兽药残留, 18份样本检出, 检出率8.65%, 其中1份样本同时检出土霉素和多西环素, 见表1。2份样本不合格, 不合格率0.96%, 不合格原因主要为多西环素超标, 见图1。
2.2 地区分布
监测10个镇街, 除接龙镇外, 其余9个镇街市售鸡蛋均有检出兽药残留。鱼洞街道、龙洲湾街道、花溪街道等中心镇街均未发现兽药残留不合格鸡蛋售卖, 但在个别远郊镇街检出不合格市售鸡蛋。见表2。
2.3 不同包装市售鸡蛋兽药残留特征
散装样本与定型包装样本中兽药残留检出率分别为11.64% (17/146)、1.61% (1/62), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.539, P<0.05)。不合格市售鸡蛋均集中在散装样本, 146份散装市售鸡蛋2份不合格, 不合格率1.37%, 见表3。不同价格散装市售鸡蛋均有检出兽药残留, 见表4。定型包装未发现不合格样本, 但也在1份定型包装样本中检出多西环素。
2.4 不同采样场所鸡蛋兽药残留特征
集贸市场和超市售卖的鸡蛋兽药残留检出率分别为13.83% (13/94)、4.39% (5/114), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.823, P<0.05)。不合格市售鸡蛋均集中在集贸市场样本中, 在超市环节售卖的鸡蛋也有5份检出土霉素、多西环素, 但均在限量标准范围内, 见表5。
2.5 不同来源鸡蛋兽药残留特征
有品牌与无品牌的市售鸡蛋兽药残留检出率分别为1.35% (1/74)、12.69% (17/134), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.669, P<0.05)。不合格样本均为无品牌样本, 不合格率1.49%。见表6。
2.6 膳食风险评估
采用点评估法计算重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋兽药残留对居民的膳食影响, 兽药的DEE范围为0.00013~0.03450 μg/(kg·bw·d), HQ范围为0.00000~0.00869, 见表7。其中1份样本同时检出土霉素(1.4 μg/kg)和多西环素(38.9 μg/kg), DEE分别为0.00094、0.02606, HQ分别为0.00003、0.00869, 该样本兽药残留累积HQ为0.00872。HQ均远小于1, 表明市售鸡蛋中残留兽药对人体健康危害风险较低。甲硝唑、培氟沙星因未设定ADI值, 不予暴露风险评价。
3 结论与讨论
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本研究显示, 重庆市巴南区市售鸡蛋兽药残留检出率为8.65%, 以多西环素(3.37%)和土霉素(1.44%)为主, 与王姝婷等[12]、张学健等[13]、于帅等[14]、刘峰等[15]在全国多地的调查结果一致。四环素类抗生素因成本低、抗菌谱广, 在养殖业中滥用现象普遍[16-18], 可能导致耐药菌株扩散[19-20]。2019年, 农业农村部在全国试行食用农产品合格证制度[21], 推进生产者落实农产品质量安全主体责任, 进一步规范兽药等安全使用。此外, 2份不合格样本均为散装无品牌鸡蛋, 可能存在生产监管盲区以及溯源体系缺失等问题[22]。
散装鸡蛋的兽药残留检出率(11.64%)显著高于定型包装样本(1.61%), 与许燕平等[2]的研究结论相符。集贸市场样本的不合格率(2.13%)高于超市, 可能与其供应链溯源体系不完善有关, 分散批零的经营方式也增加了食用农产品的追溯难度[23]。建议加强散装鸡蛋的源头管控[24], 可依托大数据[25-26]、区块链[27-28]、互联网+等[29-30], 推行“合格证+追溯码”制度, 进一步保证蛋类农产品的质量、提升供应链全过程透明度, 建立快速的退返召回机制。
尽管HQ值均低于1, 但本研究仅评估了15种兽药, 未涵盖其他潜在风险物质(如抗病毒药)[31-32]。此外, 点评估法未考虑累积暴露和敏感人群(如儿童、孕妇)的风险。未来需结合生物监测和分子毒理学研究, 进一步明确长期低剂量暴露的影响。
新加坡等国家已对鸡蛋中尼卡巴嗪设定了严格的残留限量, 而我国仍缺乏相应标准。建议加快制定相关限量标准, 更好地保障食品安全。
基金
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  • 重庆市巴南区2022年度区级科技项目(KY202208185571003)
文献
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212001
  • 接收时间：2025-02-12
  • 首发时间：2026-01-12
  • 出版时间：2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-12
基金
重庆市巴南区2022年度区级科技项目(KY202208185571003)
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    重庆市巴南区疾病预防控制中心, 重庆 401320

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*廖倩(1989—), 女, 主管检验技师, 主要研究方向为卫生检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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