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Article(id=1217529307480642453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739289600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211207503, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211207503, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211207503, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211207503, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=155, endPage=161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529307862324120, articleId=1217529307480642453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants in beverages by automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography, columnId=1217529307778438039, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants in beverages by automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography. Methods The 2 g of the beverage sample was taken, it was extracted with an ammonia ethanol solution, and operations such as activation, sample loading, washing, eluting and collection were performed in turn with the help of a fully automatic solid-phase extraction instrument. After nitrogen blowing and redissolution, the liquid chromatography instrument was used for on-line determination [diode multi-wavelength multi-channel simultaneous detection, detection wavelengths 415 nm (citrus yellow and quinoline yellow), 520 nm (new red, amaranth red, carmine, sunset yellow, temptation red, acidic red, and red algae), 610 nm (indigo and bright blue); mobile phase: A 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution, B methanol, flow rate 1 mL/min, gradient elution]. Results In the range of 0.2-10.0 μg/mL, the mass concentration of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants showed good linear relationship with peak area, and the linear correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99, the limit of detection met the requirements of GB 500935—2023 National food safety standard-Determination of synthetic colorants in food. In the standard addition method recovery test, the recovery rates were between 91.3% and 106.0%, and the relative standard deviation of the determination value (n=6) was less than 5.0%. This method was applied to the ability verification of sunset yellow and carmine in beverages in food testing institutions in the Yangtze River Delta. The content of carmine was 5.86 mg/kg, and the content of sunset yellow was 4.31 mg/kg. The other synthetic colorants were not detected. Conclusion This method achieve good enrichment effect, high automation degree, simple operation, good stability, short time, high efficiency, good sensitivity, high accuracy and good reproducibility, and is suitable the determination and analysis of synthetic colorants in a large number of beverages.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Yan XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Biao LI, Yan-Yan ZHANG, Hong-Yan XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529310123053997, articleId=1217529307480642453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定饮料中的11种合成着色剂, columnId=1217529307954598811, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点：现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定饮料中11种合成作色剂含量的方法。方法 取2 g饮料试样, 用氨水乙醇溶液提取, 借助全自动固相萃取仪依次进行活化、上样、淋洗、洗脱、收集操作, 氮吹复溶后采用液相色谱仪[二极管阵列多波长多通道同时检测, 检测波长 415 nm(柠檬黄、喹啉黄), 520 nm(新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、酸性红和赤藓红), 610 nm(靛蓝、亮蓝); 流动相: A为20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液, B为甲醇, 流速1 mL/min梯度洗脱]上机测定。结果 在0.2~10.0 μg/mL质量浓度范围内, 11种合成着色剂的浓度与峰面积呈现良好线性关系, 线性相关系数均大于0.99, 检出限符合GB 5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成作色剂的测定》要求。标准加入法回收试验中, 回收率处于91.3%~106.0%, 测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%。将该方法应用于长三角食品类检测机构饮料中的胭脂红、日落黄能力验证, 胭脂红含量为5.86 mg/kg, 日落黄含量为4.31 mg/kg, 其余合成着色剂均未检出。结论 该方法前处理富集效果好、自动化程度高、操作简单、稳定性好、时间短、效率高、灵敏性好, 准确度高、重现性好, 适用于大批量饮料中合成着色剂的测定分析。

, correspAuthors=徐宏岩, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*徐宏岩(1985—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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李彪(1988—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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The Food Industry, 2014, 35(6): 56-58., articleTitle=Application of solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography in the detection of synthetic colorants in foods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901267947536402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=50, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=50, authorNames=汪强, 黄宇, 张月松, journalName=食品安全导刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪强, 黄宇, 张月松, 等. 固相萃取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定饮料中9种人工合成着色剂[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2021(10): 50-54., articleTitle=固相萃取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定饮料中9种人工合成着色剂, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268044005397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=10, pageStart=50, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=51, authorNames=WANG Q, HUANG Y, ZHANG YS, journalName=China Food Safety Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Q, HUANG Y, ZHANG YS, et al. 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China Food Safety Magazine, 2021(10): 50-54., articleTitle=Determination of 9 artificial synthetic colorants in beverages by solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268144668699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=279, pageEnd=284, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=52, authorNames=李彤辉, 尚伟, 周楠, journalName=现代食品科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彤辉, 尚伟, 周楠, 等. 固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测多种食品基质中10种合成着色剂方法研究[J]. 现代食品科技, 2019, 35(2): 279-284., articleTitle=固相萃取-高效液相色谱法检测多种食品基质中10种合成着色剂方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217901268245332003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=35, issue=2, pageStart=279, pageEnd=284, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=53, authorNames=LI TH, SHANG W, ZHOU N, journalName=Modern Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI TH, SHANG W, ZHOU N, et al. 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Modern Food Science and Technology, 2019, 35(2): 279-284., articleTitle=Study on the method of detecting 10 synthetic colorants in multiple food matrices by solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217901251220652128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901251224846435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, companyId=1217901251220652128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Fuyang Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Fuyang 236000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901251233235044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, companyId=1217901251220652128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 阜阳市产品质量监督检验所, 阜阳 236000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217901251325509738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901251363258481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, companyId=1217901251325509738, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 National Recycled Nonferrous Metals Rubber & Plastic Materials Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Anhui), Fuyang 236000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217901251367452786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, companyId=1217901251325509738, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 国家再生有色金属橡塑材料质量监督检验中心(安徽), 阜阳 236000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217901255079412089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatogram of the mixed standard solution (415 nm), figureFileSmall=umiWQPRqkIP3WZSOygJvvQ==, figureFileBig=2qHqX3Pc7ZHy8HXA8rjXoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255226212743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=图1, caption=混合标准溶液的色谱图(415 nm), figureFileSmall=umiWQPRqkIP3WZSOygJvvQ==, figureFileBig=2qHqX3Pc7ZHy8HXA8rjXoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255389790614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatogram of the mixed standard solution (520 nm), figureFileSmall=BAAlYMhCIEGInyQjmBjLnQ==, figureFileBig=JNqbhzrpKH42bxh919rcSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255549174183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=图2, caption=混合标准溶液的色谱图(520 nm), figureFileSmall=BAAlYMhCIEGInyQjmBjLnQ==, figureFileBig=JNqbhzrpKH42bxh919rcSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255687586233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Chromatogram of the mixed standard solution (610 nm), figureFileSmall=5fdFFC4RuUDxMBRzYwK8zg==, figureFileBig=5EJprnnt/nnYioo6C8KZUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255813415370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=图3, caption=混合标准溶液的色谱图(610 nm), figureFileSmall=5fdFFC4RuUDxMBRzYwK8zg==, figureFileBig=5EJprnnt/nnYioo6C8KZUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217901255947633116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification and limitation of the use of colorants in beverages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
着色剂名称 使用范围 最大限量
/(g/kg)
赤藓红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
靛蓝及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.1
喹啉黄和酸性红 饮料中不得使用 不得使用
亮蓝及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料、含乳饮料 0.025
固体饮料 0.2
柠檬黄及其铝色淀 包装饮用水除外 0.1
日落黄及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.1
苋菜红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
新红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
胭脂红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
诱惑红及其铝色淀 包装饮用水除外 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256098628072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

饮料中作色剂使用分类及限量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
着色剂名称 使用范围 最大限量
/(g/kg)
赤藓红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
靛蓝及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.1
喹啉黄和酸性红 饮料中不得使用 不得使用
亮蓝及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料、含乳饮料 0.025
固体饮料 0.2
柠檬黄及其铝色淀 包装饮用水除外 0.1
日落黄及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.1
苋菜红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
新红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
胭脂红及其铝色淀 果蔬汁(浆)饮料、碳酸饮料、风味饮料 0.05
诱惑红及其铝色淀 包装饮用水除外 0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256228651509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Instrument conditions of Fototector Plus auto solid phase extractor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
命令 溶剂 排出 流速
/(mL/min)		 体积
/mL
清洗样品通道 甲醇 有机废液 5 16
活化 甲醇 有机废液 5 6
活化 水 无机废液 5 6
上样 - 有机废液 2 15
清洗样品瓶 2%甲酸水溶液 无机废液 60 6
淋洗 甲醇 有机废液 5 6
气推 - 有机废液 30 20
清洗注射泵 5%氨水甲醇 有机废液 5 6
洗脱 5%氨水甲醇 收集 4 4
暂停 - 收集 - -
洗脱 5%氨水甲醇 收集 0.8 4
气推 - 收集 1 3
气推 - 收集 40 10
结束 - - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256383840767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Fotector Plus全自动固相萃取仪仪器条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
命令 溶剂 排出 流速
/(mL/min)		 体积
/mL
清洗样品通道 甲醇 有机废液 5 16
活化 甲醇 有机废液 5 6
活化 水 无机废液 5 6
上样 - 有机废液 2 15
清洗样品瓶 2%甲酸水溶液 无机废液 60 6
淋洗 甲醇 有机废液 5 6
气推 - 有机废液 30 20
清洗注射泵 5%氨水甲醇 有机废液 5 6
洗脱 5%氨水甲醇 收集 4 4
暂停 - 收集 - -
洗脱 5%氨水甲醇 收集 0.8 4
气推 - 收集 1 3
气推 - 收集 40 10
结束 - - - -
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256589361681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Gradient conditions of the mobile phase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) A/% B/%
-8.00 1.00 82 18
0.00 1.00 82 18
5.00 1.00 70 50
12.00 1.00 55 45
19.00 1.00 35 65
22.00 1.00 25 75
27.00 1.00 2 98
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256778105374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

流动相梯度条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) A/% B/%
-8.00 1.00 82 18
0.00 1.00 82 18
5.00 1.00 70 50
12.00 1.00 55 45
19.00 1.00 35 65
22.00 1.00 25 75
27.00 1.00 2 98
), ArticleFig(id=1217901256916517414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of the spiked recovery tests of different eluents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 加标量/(mg/kg) 2%氨化甲醇 5%氨化甲醇 8%氨化甲醇
平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%		 平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%		 平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%
柠檬黄 10 98.0 4.3 98.6 3.7 101.0 3.9
喹啉黄 10 97.5 3.9 95.8 3.4 102.0 4.1
新红 10 96.2 4.1 102.0 3.5 96.4 3.7
苋菜红 10 99.6 4.2 101.0 3.6 98.5 4.3
胭脂红 10 97.3 4.5 100.0 3.6 101.0 3.7
日落黄 10 92.6 4.6 96.9 3.6 99.6 3.9
诱惑红 10 95.4 4.3 95.7 3.2 103.0 3.8
酸性红 10 80.3 4.1 96.0 3.4 102.0 3.7
赤藓红 10 70.5 4.7 95.8 3.6 98.6 3.7
靛蓝 10 88.6 3.5 102.0 2.5 106.0 2.9
亮蓝 10 80.2 3.9 98.0 3.6 105.0 3.8
), ArticleFig(id=1217901257042346548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同洗脱液加标回收试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 加标量/(mg/kg) 2%氨化甲醇 5%氨化甲醇 8%氨化甲醇
平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%		 平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%		 平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%
柠檬黄 10 98.0 4.3 98.6 3.7 101.0 3.9
喹啉黄 10 97.5 3.9 95.8 3.4 102.0 4.1
新红 10 96.2 4.1 102.0 3.5 96.4 3.7
苋菜红 10 99.6 4.2 101.0 3.6 98.5 4.3
胭脂红 10 97.3 4.5 100.0 3.6 101.0 3.7
日落黄 10 92.6 4.6 96.9 3.6 99.6 3.9
诱惑红 10 95.4 4.3 95.7 3.2 103.0 3.8
酸性红 10 80.3 4.1 96.0 3.4 102.0 3.7
赤藓红 10 70.5 4.7 95.8 3.6 98.6 3.7
靛蓝 10 88.6 3.5 102.0 2.5 106.0 2.9
亮蓝 10 80.2 3.9 98.0 3.6 105.0 3.8
), ArticleFig(id=1217901258388718139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Linearity parameters and LODs

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化合物 线性回归方程 相关系数 LODs/(mg/kg)
柠檬黄 Y=0.5633X 0.998500 0.34
喹啉黄 Y=0.9669X-0.0029 0.999840 0.36
新红 Y=0.5616X 0.999804 0.22
苋菜红 Y=0.4345X 0.999853 0.24
胭脂红 Y=0.4045X 0.999835 0.37
日落黄 Y=0.2905X 0.999801 0.40
诱惑红 Y=0.4717X 0.999840 0.28
酸性红 Y=0.5190X 0.999663 0.20
赤藓红 Y=0.6403X 0.999876 0.38
靛蓝 Y=0.4893X 0.999762 0.26
亮蓝 Y=1.0556X 0.999858 0.28
), ArticleFig(id=1217901258506158661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

线性参数及LODs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性回归方程 相关系数 LODs/(mg/kg)
柠檬黄 Y=0.5633X 0.998500 0.34
喹啉黄 Y=0.9669X-0.0029 0.999840 0.36
新红 Y=0.5616X 0.999804 0.22
苋菜红 Y=0.4345X 0.999853 0.24
胭脂红 Y=0.4045X 0.999835 0.37
日落黄 Y=0.2905X 0.999801 0.40
诱惑红 Y=0.4717X 0.999840 0.28
酸性红 Y=0.5190X 0.999663 0.20
赤藓红 Y=0.6403X 0.999876 0.38
靛蓝 Y=0.4893X 0.999762 0.26
亮蓝 Y=1.0556X 0.999858 0.28
), ArticleFig(id=1217901258694902354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of tests for precision and recoveries (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 加标量/(mg/kg) 平均测定值/(mg/kg) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
柠檬黄 1.5 1.52 101.3 3.8
10.0 9.86 98.6 3.7
20.0 19.90 99.5 4.4
喹啉黄 1.5 1.56 104.0 4.6
10.0 10.20 102.0 3.4
20.0 20.00 100.0 3.5
新红 1.5 1.48 98.7 4.2
10.0 10.20 102.0 3.5
20.0 19.80 99.0 2.8
苋菜红 1.0 1.03 103.0 4.3
10.0 9.95 99.5 3.6
20.0 19.10 95.5 3.8
胭脂红 1.5 1.58 105.0 2.9
10.0 9.58 95.8 3.6
20.0 20.60 103.0 4.0
日落黄 1.5 1.55 103.0 4.2
10.0 10.40 104.0 3.6
20.0 20.50 102.0 2.8
诱惑红 1.0 1.02 102.0 4.0
10.0 10.40 104.0 3.2
20.0 20.20 101.0 2.9
酸性红 1.0 1.06 106.0 3.2
10.0 9.66 96.6 3.4
20.0 19.60 98.0 2.6
赤藓红 1.5 1.37 91.3 3.8
10.0 10.40 104.0 3.6
20.0 19.40 97.0 2.8
靛蓝 1.0 1.00 100.0 4.0
10.0 9.52 95.2 2.5
20.0 20.60 103.0 4.3
亮蓝 1.0 1.04 104.0 4.5
10.0 10.50 105.0 3.6
20.0 19.40 97.0 2.9
), ArticleFig(id=1217901258850091618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

精密度和回收试验结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 加标量/(mg/kg) 平均测定值/(mg/kg) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
柠檬黄 1.5 1.52 101.3 3.8
10.0 9.86 98.6 3.7
20.0 19.90 99.5 4.4
喹啉黄 1.5 1.56 104.0 4.6
10.0 10.20 102.0 3.4
20.0 20.00 100.0 3.5
新红 1.5 1.48 98.7 4.2
10.0 10.20 102.0 3.5
20.0 19.80 99.0 2.8
苋菜红 1.0 1.03 103.0 4.3
10.0 9.95 99.5 3.6
20.0 19.10 95.5 3.8
胭脂红 1.5 1.58 105.0 2.9
10.0 9.58 95.8 3.6
20.0 20.60 103.0 4.0
日落黄 1.5 1.55 103.0 4.2
10.0 10.40 104.0 3.6
20.0 20.50 102.0 2.8
诱惑红 1.0 1.02 102.0 4.0
10.0 10.40 104.0 3.2
20.0 20.20 101.0 2.9
酸性红 1.0 1.06 106.0 3.2
10.0 9.66 96.6 3.4
20.0 19.60 98.0 2.6
赤藓红 1.5 1.37 91.3 3.8
10.0 10.40 104.0 3.6
20.0 19.40 97.0 2.8
靛蓝 1.0 1.00 100.0 4.0
10.0 9.52 95.2 2.5
20.0 20.60 103.0 4.3
亮蓝 1.0 1.04 104.0 4.5
10.0 10.50 105.0 3.6
20.0 19.40 97.0 2.9
), ArticleFig(id=1217901258980115050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison results of methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法名称 线性范围/(μg/mL) 加标回收率/% 参考文献
固相萃取-液相色谱法 1.0~50.0 89.4~96.6 [31]
固相萃取-液相色谱法 — 86.2~97.5 [32]
固相萃取-液相色谱法 0.5~50.0 81.5~102.2 [33]
固相萃取-液相色谱法 0.2~50.0 69.71~103.8 [34]
全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法 0.2~10.0 91.3~106.0 本方法
), ArticleFig(id=1217901259139498613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529307480642453, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

方法对比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法名称 线性范围/(μg/mL) 加标回收率/% 参考文献
固相萃取-液相色谱法 1.0~50.0 89.4~96.6 [31]
固相萃取-液相色谱法 — 86.2~97.5 [32]
固相萃取-液相色谱法 0.5~50.0 81.5~102.2 [33]
固相萃取-液相色谱法 0.2~50.0 69.71~103.8 [34]
全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法 0.2~10.0 91.3~106.0 本方法
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全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定饮料中的11种合成着色剂
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李彪 1 , 张岩岩 2 , 徐宏岩 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点：现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(13): 155-161
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点：现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(13): 155-161
全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定饮料中的11种合成着色剂
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李彪1 , 张岩岩2, 徐宏岩1, *
作者信息
  • 1 阜阳市产品质量监督检验所, 阜阳 236000
  • 2 国家再生有色金属橡塑材料质量监督检验中心(安徽), 阜阳 236000

    • 李彪(1988—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*徐宏岩(1985—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants in beverages by automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography
Biao LI1 , Yan-Yan ZHANG2, Hong-Yan XU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Fuyang Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Fuyang 236000, China
  • 2 National Recycled Nonferrous Metals Rubber & Plastic Materials Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Anhui), Fuyang 236000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212005
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摘要
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目的 建立全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定饮料中11种合成作色剂含量的方法。方法 取2 g饮料试样, 用氨水乙醇溶液提取, 借助全自动固相萃取仪依次进行活化、上样、淋洗、洗脱、收集操作, 氮吹复溶后采用液相色谱仪[二极管阵列多波长多通道同时检测, 检测波长 415 nm(柠檬黄、喹啉黄), 520 nm(新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、酸性红和赤藓红), 610 nm(靛蓝、亮蓝); 流动相: A为20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液, B为甲醇, 流速1 mL/min梯度洗脱]上机测定。结果 在0.2~10.0 μg/mL质量浓度范围内, 11种合成着色剂的浓度与峰面积呈现良好线性关系, 线性相关系数均大于0.99, 检出限符合GB 5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成作色剂的测定》要求。标准加入法回收试验中, 回收率处于91.3%~106.0%, 测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%。将该方法应用于长三角食品类检测机构饮料中的胭脂红、日落黄能力验证, 胭脂红含量为5.86 mg/kg, 日落黄含量为4.31 mg/kg, 其余合成着色剂均未检出。结论 该方法前处理富集效果好、自动化程度高、操作简单、稳定性好、时间短、效率高、灵敏性好, 准确度高、重现性好, 适用于大批量饮料中合成着色剂的测定分析。

全自动固相萃取法  /  液相色谱法  /  合成着色剂  /  饮料

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants in beverages by automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography. Methods The 2 g of the beverage sample was taken, it was extracted with an ammonia ethanol solution, and operations such as activation, sample loading, washing, eluting and collection were performed in turn with the help of a fully automatic solid-phase extraction instrument. After nitrogen blowing and redissolution, the liquid chromatography instrument was used for on-line determination [diode multi-wavelength multi-channel simultaneous detection, detection wavelengths 415 nm (citrus yellow and quinoline yellow), 520 nm (new red, amaranth red, carmine, sunset yellow, temptation red, acidic red, and red algae), 610 nm (indigo and bright blue); mobile phase: A 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution, B methanol, flow rate 1 mL/min, gradient elution]. Results In the range of 0.2-10.0 μg/mL, the mass concentration of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants showed good linear relationship with peak area, and the linear correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99, the limit of detection met the requirements of GB 500935—2023 National food safety standard-Determination of synthetic colorants in food. In the standard addition method recovery test, the recovery rates were between 91.3% and 106.0%, and the relative standard deviation of the determination value (n=6) was less than 5.0%. This method was applied to the ability verification of sunset yellow and carmine in beverages in food testing institutions in the Yangtze River Delta. The content of carmine was 5.86 mg/kg, and the content of sunset yellow was 4.31 mg/kg. The other synthetic colorants were not detected. Conclusion This method achieve good enrichment effect, high automation degree, simple operation, good stability, short time, high efficiency, good sensitivity, high accuracy and good reproducibility, and is suitable the determination and analysis of synthetic colorants in a large number of beverages.

automatic solid-phase extraction  /  liquid chromatography  /  synthetic colorant  /  beverage
李彪, 张岩岩, 徐宏岩. 全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法同时测定饮料中的11种合成着色剂. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 155 -161 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212005
Biao LI, Yan-Yan ZHANG, Hong-Yan XU. Simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of synthetic colorants in beverages by automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 155 -161 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212005
正文
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0 引言
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着色剂是使食品赋予色泽和改善食品色泽的物质。在饮料生产中被广泛使用[1-2], 但合成色素不能向人体提供营养物质, 某些合成色素会危害人体健康, 具有遗传毒性及联合毒性[3-6]诱发中毒, 致癌和致突变[7-11]。我国制定了相关食品添加剂使用标准GB 2760—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》, 着色剂在饮料中使用要求见表1。
根据近几年不同地方市场监管发布的食品安全监督抽检信息公告显示[12-16], 仍有部分饮料生产企业为了好的产品卖相和更高的售卖价格, 在利益驱使下超范围超限量使用合成作色剂的案例时有发生。为了加强食品安全风险隐患排查, 确保食品安全, 规范市场合规使用合成着色剂, 安徽省食品安全监督抽检实施细则(2024年版)检测要求中规定了果蔬汁类及其饮料和其他饮料(包括风味饮料)中视色泽而定检测合成着色(苋菜红、胭脂红、柠檬黄、日落黄、亮蓝)监管的要求, 同时细则中规定11种合成作色剂的检测方法为GB 5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成着色剂的测定》。GB 5009.35—2023发布时间为2023年9月6日发布, 2024年3月6日实施。新标准与GB 5009.35—2016标准相比, 增加了靛蓝、诱惑红、喹啉黄和酸性红4种合成着色剂, 增加和明确了适用基质种类, 修改了样品前处理方法和仪器条件等, 有文献研究高效液相色谱法同时测定食品中9种合成作色剂的方法[17], 目前已无法满足监管要求和标准规定。近些年全自动样品前处理仪器的更新可极大程度上解决部分检测机构人员与任务严重不匹配问题, 特别是新标准实施后, 准确检测和分离食品中的着色剂对于保障食品安全和质量具有重要意义。然而, 目前在着色剂检测过程中仍面临诸多挑战, 尤其是在分离多种着色剂、提高检测准确度以及实现高效自动化检测方面。本研究旨在探讨如何更有效地分离11种常见着色剂, 并通过优化检测方法和引入自动化设备全自动固相萃取仪[18], 提升检测的准确性和效率, 以期为相关领域的研究和应用提供参考依据。
全自动固相萃取仪具有高通量、低成本、效率高、自动化程度高、连续运行可靠性强、灵活性大、除杂和富集效果好、人为干扰不稳定因素少等优点[19-20]。本研究聚焦于着色剂检测的关键问题, 旨在通过系统的试验和分析, 为食品检测领域提供一种高效、准确且自动化程度高的检测方法。研究成果有望推动着色剂检测技术的进一步发展, 为食品安全监管提供有力支持, 基于近半年的样品检测工作, 现将积累的实践经验进行总结与分享, 供同行参考与借鉴。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 仪器、材料与试剂
U3000高效液相色谱仪(配二极管阵列检测器)(美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司); Raykol Fotector Plus全自动固相萃取仪、RayCure WAX混合型弱阴离子交换柱(150 mg/6 mL)(睿科集团股份有限公司); BSA224S万分之一电子天平[赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; H1850R台式高速冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司); C18液相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)(北京迪科马科技有限公司); DC系列12位水浴氮吹仪(上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司)。
实验样品由2024年度长三角食品类检测机构能力验证组织机构提供。
10 种(柠檬黄、新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、亮蓝、酸性红、喹啉黄、赤藓红)着色剂混合标准储备溶液(质量浓度1000 μg/mL)、靛蓝标准品(纯度90.7%)(天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); 甲醇(色谱纯, 天津氏安科技发展有限公司); 乙醇、氨水(优级纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙酸铵(色谱级, 上海安普实验科技股份有限公司); 试验室用水为超纯水。
1.2 仪器工作条件
1.2.1 全自动固相萃取条件
为了获得最优的全自动固相萃取条件[21-22](表2), 本研究分别探究了2%氨化甲醇、5%氨化甲醇和8%氨化甲醇洗脱能力对色素加标回收率的影响。此处为最优全自动固相萃取条件: 采用免疫亲和柱模式, 柱插杆下插距离为4.5 cm, 依次用6 mL甲醇、6 mL超纯水活化固相萃取小柱, 将净化液以2 mL/min的速度加载到固相萃取小柱上, 依次用6 mL的2%甲酸水和甲醇淋洗小柱, 柱推后用8 mL 5%氨化甲醇分两次洗脱小柱, 先用4 mL氨化甲醇以4 mL/min的速度快速覆盖柱床, 然后用4 mL氨化甲醇以0.8 mL/min的速度洗脱小柱, 收集洗脱液。
1.2.2 色谱条件
参考文献[23-24]获得优化的多种色素同时检测的色谱条件。色谱选择条件为: 色谱柱: C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm); 进样量10 μL; 柱温30 ℃; 检测器: 二极管阵列检测器检测波长范围(400~800 nm), 检测波长415 nm(柠檬黄、喹啉黄), 520 mn(新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、 日落黄、诱惑红、酸性红和赤藓红), 610 nm(靛蓝、亮蓝); 流动相: A为20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液, B为甲醇, 梯度设置详见表3。
1.3 试验方法
准确称取2 g样品于50 mL塑料离心管中, 加入25 mL的乙醇氨水, 涡旋1 min, 5000 r/min离心5 min, 用乙醇氨水溶液定容至50 mL, 混匀, 准确吸取10 mL上清液于15 mL离心管中, 于50 ℃下氮吹浓缩至3 mL左右, 分3次共加入10 mL 5%甲醇水溶液溶解, 经全自动固相萃取仪净化(全自动固相萃取仪条件见1.2.1), 净化后于50 ℃下氮吹至近干, 准确加入2 mL pH为9.0乙酸铵缓冲溶液溶解[25], 溶液过针筒过滤器, 孔径0.45 μm的滤膜过滤, 弃去2~5滴初滤液, 取过滤液上液相色谱测试[26]。
1.4 数据处理
采用Chromeleon 7软件进行原始数据处理并进行统计学数据处理分析和制图, Microsoft 2010系列软件制表, 样品进行6平行试验。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 不同洗脱液的选择
按照GB 5009.35—2023和文献[27-28]中规定的色谱条件和试验前处理方法, 分别使用2%氨化甲醇、5%氨化甲醇和8%氨化甲醇对样品进行洗脱效果试验。11种合成作色剂在加标量为10 mg/kg的水平下, 2%氨化甲醇进行洗脱平均回收率范围在70.5%~99.6%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)范围在3.5%~4.7%; 5%氨化甲醇进行洗脱平均回收率范围在95.7%~102.0%, RSDs范围在2.5%~3.7%; 8%氨化甲醇进行洗脱平均回收率范围在96.4%~106.0%, RSDs范围在2.9%~4.3%。具体到各种作色剂的加标回收率和RSDs见表4。
表4表明, 使用2%氨化甲醇作为洗脱液, 11种色素中大部分色素的回收率符合GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》质量控制标准要求(被测组分含量在1~100 mg/kg, 回收率范围在90%~110%), 但酸性红和赤藓红, 靛蓝和亮蓝的的加标回收率偏低。使用8%氨化甲醇作为洗脱液和使用5%氨化甲醇作为洗脱液, 从加标回收的效果来看几乎一致, 但根据整体的加标回收率RSDs范围和日常大批量检测和质控结果以及能力验证结果实践证明, 5%氨化甲醇作为洗脱液效果更优, 因此本研究最终确定使用5%氨化甲醇作为洗脱液。
2.2 色谱行为
按照仪器工作条件测定标样。1.0 μg/mL混合标准溶液, 各合成作色剂在波长415 nm (柠檬黄、喹啉黄), 520 nm(新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、酸性红和赤藓红), 610 nm(靛蓝、亮蓝)检测得到色谱峰如图1~3: 在415 nm波长通道下, 柠檬黄及4种喹啉黄同分异构体都能分离完全且色谱峰型对称; 在520 nm波长通道下, 新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、酸性 红和赤藓红都能分离完全且色谱峰型对称; 在610 nm波长通道下, 靛蓝、亮蓝能分离完全且色谱峰型对称。
2.3 标准曲线和检出限
使用质量浓度为0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0 μg/mL的标准系列工作液分别注入液相色谱仪中, 测定相应物质的峰面积, 以标准系列工作液中该物质的浓度为横坐标(X, μg/mL), 以该物质峰面积的响应值为纵坐标(Y), 绘制标准曲线。
称取样品量为2 g, 定容体积为2 mL, 按照3倍信噪比(S/N), 计算出检出限(limit of detection, LOD), 结果见表5。由表5可知, 11种着色剂标准曲线的相关系数均不小于0.99(说明: 根据GB/T 27404—2008中F.2要求确证方法标准曲线相关系数大于等于0.99); 各着色剂的LODs均符合并优于GB 5009.35—2023(当样品取样量为2 g, 定容体积为 2 mL时, 柠檬黄、新红、胭脂红、日落黄、喹啉黄、赤藓红的LODs均为 0.5 mg/kg, 苋菜红、诱惑红、亮蓝、酸性红、靛蓝的LODs均为0.3 mg/kg)的要求。
2.4 精密度和回收试验
文献资料和实践经验表明不同的试样基质和不同厂家的试剂对检测结果影响不同[29-30]。为排除试样基质和不同厂家试剂对检测结果的干扰, 本研究按照试验方法对空白试样进行低、中、高等3个浓度水平的加标回收试验, 每个浓度水平平行测定6次, 计算回收率和测定值的RSD, 结果见表6。由表6可知, 样品中各着色剂的回收率为91.3%~106.0%, 测定值的RSDs为2.5%~4.6%, 符合GB/T 27404—2008对准确度和精密度的要求。
2.5 方法比对
本条件下与其他条件对比, 结果见表7。结果表明: 本条件下的方法, 线性中低点浓度更低, 准确度高, 能满足日常检测特别是低浓度样品的检测。
2.6 实际样品检测
参加2024年度长三角食品类检测机构能力验证, 测定2组不同样品, 该样品为组织实施能力验证的机构提供的不同浓度的2个盲样作为考核样, 其中一个样品为干扰样增加考核难度以降低部分检测机构串通数据的概率, 确保公平公正, 取样量为2 g。使用本方法测定果蔬汁饮料中胭脂红、日落黄的结果分别为: 胭脂红5.86 mg/kg; 日落黄4.31 mg/kg; 其余均为未检出。经组织方反馈, 均为满意结果。
3 结论
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通过试验比较确定最优洗脱液和全自动固相萃取条件进行检测分析, 从检测分析结果来看, 线性关系良好、LOD达标、回收率和精密度理想, 在实际能力验证中也获得满意结果。本研究采用全自动固相萃取-液相色谱法所建立的同时测定饮料中的11种合成做色剂的方法。具有前处理富集效果好、自动化程度高、操作简单、稳定性好、时间短、效率高、灵敏性好, 准确度高、重现性好, 适用于大批量检测饮料中合成着色剂, 为相关检测机构和市场监管部门承担大批量检测任务时提供高效便捷可行的解决方案。
文献
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250212005
  • 接收时间：2025-02-12
  • 首发时间：2026-01-12
  • 出版时间：2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-12
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    1 阜阳市产品质量监督检验所, 阜阳 236000
    2 国家再生有色金属橡塑材料质量监督检验中心(安徽), 阜阳 236000

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*徐宏岩(1985—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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