Article(id=1217529306679525911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241230004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768211207313, onlineDateStr=2026-01-12, pubDate=1752508800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768211207313, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-12, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768211207313, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211207313, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217529305693864468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='13', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768211207077, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768212057891, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217532874337730594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1217529305693864468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=299, endPage=306, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217529307077984796, articleId=1217529306679525911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Assessment of the dietary exposure risk of veterinary drug residues intake in chickens and eggs in Xinjiang based on the food safety index approach, columnId=1153433739154678309, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Safety Supervision and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the levels of veterinary drug residues in chickens and eggs in the diet of Xinjiang residents, and analyze and assess the health risks associated with exposure to veterinary drug residues in this region. Methods Veterinary drug residues were detected in chicken and egg samples from supermarkets and farmers’ markets in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2021 to 2023 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and then combined with the data on the food intake of the residents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then assessed the risk of dietary exposure by point assessment method. Results The detection rate of 19 kinds of veterinary drug residues in chicken and egg samples in Xinjiang from 2021 to 2023 was 23.3% (63/270), and the exceedance rate was 6.3% (17/270), and the difference in the detection rate of florfenicol was statistically significant by chi-square test (P=0.002), and the differences in detection and exceedance rates in the Northern, Southern and Eastern regions of Xinjiang were not statistically significant. The food safety index for chicken meat in Xinjiang were much smaller than 1, and the food safety index for veterinary drug residues in eggs were all less than 1, but the food safety index for ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, diclazuril and florfenicolide were much greater than 1. Conclusion The risk of dietary exposure to veterinary drug residues for chicken meats and eggs in Xinjiang is small and in the controllable range.

, correspAuthors=Meng WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuai YU, Xu-Dong ZHOU, Jun-Jie WANG, Meng WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217529307530969634, articleId=1217529306679525911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于食品安全指数法评估新疆地区鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留的膳食暴露风险, columnId=1153433739318256173, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品安全监管, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解新疆地区居民饮食中鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留水平, 分析和评估兽药残留暴露对这一地区居民引起的健康风险。方法 使用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)对2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区超市和农贸市场的鸡肉与鸡蛋样品进行兽药残留检测, 再结合新疆地区居民食物摄入量数据, 利用点评估法进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 2021—2023年新疆鸡肉与鸡蛋中19种兽药残留检出率为23.3% (63/270), 超标率为6.3% (17/270), 经卡方检验, 鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中氟苯尼考检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.002), 新疆北疆、南疆、东疆区域检出率和超标率差异均无统计学意义。新疆地区鸡肉的食品安全指数均远小于1, 鸡蛋中兽药残留食品安全指数也全部小于1, 但氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、地克珠利、氟苯尼考胺的食品安全指数远大于1。结论 新疆地区鸡肉与鸡蛋的兽药残留膳食暴露风险较小, 处在可控范围。

, correspAuthors=王猛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王猛(1985—), 男, 博士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与理化检验。E-mail:
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于帅(1989—), 女, 硕士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与理化检验。E-mail:

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Limit of detection and limit of quantitation for veterinary drugs in chicken and eggs (μg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 鸡蛋 鸡肉
检出限 定量限 检出限 定量限
氧氟沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
恩诺沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
洛美沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
诺氟沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
培氟沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
环丙沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
土霉素 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
强力霉素 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
甲硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
迪美唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
奥硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
罗硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
替硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
地克珠利 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
托曲珠利 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00
托曲珠利砜 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00
尼卡巴嗪 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
氟苯尼考 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20
氟苯尼考胺 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00
), ArticleFig(id=1217901250507624753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鸡肉与鸡蛋中各类兽药检出限及定量限(μg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 鸡蛋 鸡肉
检出限 定量限 检出限 定量限
氧氟沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
恩诺沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
洛美沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
诺氟沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
培氟沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
环丙沙星 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
土霉素 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
强力霉素 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
甲硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
迪美唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
奥硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
罗硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
替硝唑 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.50
地克珠利 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
托曲珠利 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00
托曲珠利砜 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00
尼卡巴嗪 0.30 1.00 0.30 1.00
氟苯尼考 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20
氟苯尼考胺 0.50 2.00 0.50 2.00
), ArticleFig(id=1217901250616676667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Overall monitoring situation of veterinary drug residues in chickens and eggs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2021—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 样品数/份 检测值 残留限量/(µg/kg)
检出范围
/(µg/kg)
检出率
/%
超标率
/%
平均值
/(µg/kg)
中位数
/(µg/kg)
P75
/(µg/kg)
P97.5
/(µg/kg)
氧氟沙星 225 3.00~586.00 0.44 0.44 5.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
恩诺沙星 225 3.00~357.00 0.44 0.44 4.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 鸡蛋: 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星之和10;
鸡肉: 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星之和100
洛美沙星 225 3.00 0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
诺氟沙星 225 3.00 0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
培氟沙星 225 3.00 0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
环丙沙星 225 3.00~298.00 0.44 0.44 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 见恩诺沙星
土霉素 225 0.30~64.70 1.78 0 0.80 0.30 0.30 0.30 鸡蛋: 400
鸡肉: 200
强力霉素 225 0.30~46.00 13.33 2.22 0.80 0.30 0.30 5.30 鸡蛋: 10
鸡肉: 100
甲硝唑 225 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
迪美唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
奥硝唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
罗硝唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
替硝唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
地克珠利 180 0.30~108.40 4.44 1.11 0.80 0.30 0.30 8.30 鸡蛋: 10
鸡肉: 500
托曲珠利 180 1.00 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 鸡蛋: 10
鸡肉: 100
托曲珠利砜 180 1.00 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 见托曲珠利
尼卡巴嗪 180 0.30~237.00 0.56 0.56 1.60 0.30 0.30 0.30 鸡蛋: 0; 鸡肉: 200
氟苯尼考 225 0.05~20.70 11.11 3.11 0.20 0.05 0.05 1.40 鸡蛋: 氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺之和10;
鸡肉: 氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺之和100
氟苯尼考胺 225 0.50~10.10 0.44 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 见氟苯尼考
), ArticleFig(id=1217901250725728579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区鸡肉和鸡蛋中兽药残留监测总体情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 样品数/份 检测值 残留限量/(µg/kg)
检出范围
/(µg/kg)
检出率
/%
超标率
/%
平均值
/(µg/kg)
中位数
/(µg/kg)
P75
/(µg/kg)
P97.5
/(µg/kg)
氧氟沙星 225 3.00~586.00 0.44 0.44 5.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
恩诺沙星 225 3.00~357.00 0.44 0.44 4.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 鸡蛋: 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星之和10;
鸡肉: 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星之和100
洛美沙星 225 3.00 0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
诺氟沙星 225 3.00 0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
培氟沙星 225 3.00 0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2
环丙沙星 225 3.00~298.00 0.44 0.44 4.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 见恩诺沙星
土霉素 225 0.30~64.70 1.78 0 0.80 0.30 0.30 0.30 鸡蛋: 400
鸡肉: 200
强力霉素 225 0.30~46.00 13.33 2.22 0.80 0.30 0.30 5.30 鸡蛋: 10
鸡肉: 100
甲硝唑 225 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
迪美唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
奥硝唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
罗硝唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
替硝唑 90 0.20 0 0 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 不得检出
地克珠利 180 0.30~108.40 4.44 1.11 0.80 0.30 0.30 8.30 鸡蛋: 10
鸡肉: 500
托曲珠利 180 1.00 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 鸡蛋: 10
鸡肉: 100
托曲珠利砜 180 1.00 0 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 见托曲珠利
尼卡巴嗪 180 0.30~237.00 0.56 0.56 1.60 0.30 0.30 0.30 鸡蛋: 0; 鸡肉: 200
氟苯尼考 225 0.05~20.70 11.11 3.11 0.20 0.05 0.05 1.40 鸡蛋: 氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺之和10;
鸡肉: 氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺之和100
氟苯尼考胺 225 0.50~10.10 0.44 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 见氟苯尼考
), ArticleFig(id=1217901250834780490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Monitoring situation of veterinary drug residues in chickens and egg in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2021—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 鸡肉 鸡蛋 统计量
样品数
/份
检出数
/份
检出率
/%
超标数
/份
超标率
/%
样品数
/份
检出数
/份
检出率
/%
超标数
/份
超标率
/%
χ2 P
氧氟沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
恩诺沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
洛美沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
诺氟沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
培氟沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
环丙沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
土霉素 90 0 0 0 0 135 4 2.96 0 0 2.715 0.099
强力霉素 90 13 14.40 0 0 135 17 12.60 5 3.70 0.160 0.689
甲硝唑 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
迪美唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
奥硝唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
罗硝唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
替硝唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
地克珠利 90 4 4.44 0 0 90 4 4.44 2 2.22 0 1.00
托曲珠利 90 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 0
托曲珠利砜 90 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 0
尼卡巴嗪 90 1 1.11 1 1.11 90 0 0 0 0 1.006 0.316
氟苯尼考 90 17 18.90 0 0 135 8 5.93 7 5.19 9.188 0.002
氟苯尼考胺 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
), ArticleFig(id=1217901250956415320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区鸡肉和鸡蛋兽药残留监测情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 鸡肉 鸡蛋 统计量
样品数
/份
检出数
/份
检出率
/%
超标数
/份
超标率
/%
样品数
/份
检出数
/份
检出率
/%
超标数
/份
超标率
/%
χ2 P
氧氟沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
恩诺沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
洛美沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
诺氟沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
培氟沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
环丙沙星 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
土霉素 90 0 0 0 0 135 4 2.96 0 0 2.715 0.099
强力霉素 90 13 14.40 0 0 135 17 12.60 5 3.70 0.160 0.689
甲硝唑 90 0 0 0 0 135 0 0 0 0
迪美唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
奥硝唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
罗硝唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
替硝唑 45 0 0 0 0 45 0 0 0 0
地克珠利 90 4 4.44 0 0 90 4 4.44 2 2.22 0 1.00
托曲珠利 90 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 0
托曲珠利砜 90 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 0
尼卡巴嗪 90 1 1.11 1 1.11 90 0 0 0 0 1.006 0.316
氟苯尼考 90 17 18.90 0 0 135 8 5.93 7 5.19 9.188 0.002
氟苯尼考胺 90 0 0 0 0 135 1 0.74 1 0.74 0.670 0.413
), ArticleFig(id=1217901251061272927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Veterinary drug residue monitoring in North, South and East Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2021—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地区 样品数
/份
检出数
/份
检出率
/%
超标数
/份
超标率
/%
北疆地区 144 35 24.3 10 6.94
南疆地区 90 22 24.4 6 6.67
东疆地区 36 6 16.7 1 2.78
χ2 1.033 0.597
P 0.879 0.644
), ArticleFig(id=1217901251191296367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区北疆、南疆、东疆地区兽药残留监测情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地区 样品数
/份
检出数
/份
检出率
/%
超标数
/份
超标率
/%
北疆地区 144 35 24.3 10 6.94
南疆地区 90 22 24.4 6 6.67
东疆地区 36 6 16.7 1 2.78
χ2 1.033 0.597
P 0.879 0.644
), ArticleFig(id=1217901251329708414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Exposure levels and IFS of veterinary drug residues in chicken meats in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2021—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 ADIC
/[µg/(kg·bw)]
EDIC均值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC均值 EDIC最大值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC最大值 EDICP95
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP95 EDICP97.5
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP97.5
氧氟沙星 0~5 27.00 0.08517 27.00 0.08517 27.00 0.08517 27.00 0.08517
恩诺沙星 0~6.2 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869
洛美沙星 0~25 27.00 0.01703 27.00 0.01703 27.00 0.01703 27.00 0.01703
诺氟沙星 0~14 27.00 0.03042 27.00 0.03042 27.00 0.03042 27.00 0.03042
培氟沙星 27.00 27.00 27.00 27.00
环丙沙星 0~6.2 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869
土霉素 0~30 2.70 0.00142 2.70 0.00142 2.70 0.00142 2.70 0.00142
强力霉素 0~3 5.40 0.02839 68.85 0.36199 27.99 0.14716 32.85 0.17271
甲硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
迪美唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
奥硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
罗硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
替硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
地克珠利 0~30 11.70 0.00615 166.50 0.08754 2.70 0.00142 74.70 0.03927
托曲珠利 0~2 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098
托曲珠利砜 0~2 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098
尼卡巴嗪 0~400 26.10 0.00103 2133.00 0.08411 2.70 0.00011 2.70 0.00011
氟苯尼考 0~3 3.60 0.01893 186.30 0.97950 12.78 0.06719 15.03 0.07902
氟苯尼考胺 0~3 4.50 0.02366 4.50 0.02366 4.50 0.02366 4.50 0.02366
), ArticleFig(id=1217901251535229322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区鸡肉中兽药残留暴露水平及IFS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 ADIC
/[µg/(kg·bw)]
EDIC均值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC均值 EDIC最大值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC最大值 EDICP95
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP95 EDICP97.5
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP97.5
氧氟沙星 0~5 27.00 0.08517 27.00 0.08517 27.00 0.08517 27.00 0.08517
恩诺沙星 0~6.2 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869
洛美沙星 0~25 27.00 0.01703 27.00 0.01703 27.00 0.01703 27.00 0.01703
诺氟沙星 0~14 27.00 0.03042 27.00 0.03042 27.00 0.03042 27.00 0.03042
培氟沙星 27.00 27.00 27.00 27.00
环丙沙星 0~6.2 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869 27.00 0.06869
土霉素 0~30 2.70 0.00142 2.70 0.00142 2.70 0.00142 2.70 0.00142
强力霉素 0~3 5.40 0.02839 68.85 0.36199 27.99 0.14716 32.85 0.17271
甲硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
迪美唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
奥硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
罗硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
替硝唑 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80
地克珠利 0~30 11.70 0.00615 166.50 0.08754 2.70 0.00142 74.70 0.03927
托曲珠利 0~2 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098
托曲珠利砜 0~2 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098 9.00 0.07098
尼卡巴嗪 0~400 26.10 0.00103 2133.00 0.08411 2.70 0.00011 2.70 0.00011
氟苯尼考 0~3 3.60 0.01893 186.30 0.97950 12.78 0.06719 15.03 0.07902
氟苯尼考胺 0~3 4.50 0.02366 4.50 0.02366 4.50 0.02366 4.50 0.02366
), ArticleFig(id=1217901251707195793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Exposure levels and IFS of veterinary drug residues in eggs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2021—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 ADIC
/[µg/(kg·bw)]
EDIC均值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC均值 EDIC最大值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC最大值 EDICP95
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP95 EDICP97.5
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP97.5
氧氟沙星 0~5 173.01 0.54577 13888.20 43.81136 71.10 0.22429 71.10 0.22429
恩诺沙星 0~6.2 132.72 0.33764 8460.90 21.52463 71.10 0.18088 71.10 0.18088
洛美沙星 0~25 71.10 0.04486 71.10 0.04486 71.10 0.04486 71.10 0.04486
诺氟沙星 0~14 71.10 0.08010 71.10 0.08010 71.10 0.08010 71.10 0.08010
培氟沙星 71.10 71.10 71.10 71.10
环丙沙星 0~6.2 123.24 0.31352 7062.60 17.96733 71.10 0.18088 71.10 0.18088
土霉素 0~30 26.07 0.01371 1533.39 0.80620 7.11 0.00374 71.10 0.03738
强力霉素 0~3 21.33 0.11215 1090.20 5.73186 68.73 0.36136 125.61 0.66041
甲硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
迪美唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
奥硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
罗硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
替硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
地克珠利 0~30 52.14 0.02741 2569.08 1.35073 7.11 0.00374 56.88 0.02991
托曲珠利 0~2 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691
托曲珠利砜 0~2 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691
尼卡巴嗪 0~400 7.11 0.00028 7.11 0.00028 7.11 0.00028 7.11 0.00028
氟苯尼考 0~3 2.37 0.01246 55.70 0.29282 7.11 0.03738 14.93 0.07850
氟苯尼考胺 0~3 14.22 0.07476 239.37 1.25852 11.85 0.06230 11.85 0.06230
), ArticleFig(id=1217901251824636317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1217529306679525911, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区鸡蛋中兽药残留暴露水平及IFS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测项目 ADIC
/[µg/(kg·bw)]
EDIC均值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC均值 EDIC最大值/[µg/(kg·bw·d)] IFSC最大值 EDICP95
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP95 EDICP97.5
/[µg/(kg·bw·d)]
IFSCP97.5
氧氟沙星 0~5 173.01 0.54577 13888.20 43.81136 71.10 0.22429 71.10 0.22429
恩诺沙星 0~6.2 132.72 0.33764 8460.90 21.52463 71.10 0.18088 71.10 0.18088
洛美沙星 0~25 71.10 0.04486 71.10 0.04486 71.10 0.04486 71.10 0.04486
诺氟沙星 0~14 71.10 0.08010 71.10 0.08010 71.10 0.08010 71.10 0.08010
培氟沙星 71.10 71.10 71.10 71.10
环丙沙星 0~6.2 123.24 0.31352 7062.60 17.96733 71.10 0.18088 71.10 0.18088
土霉素 0~30 26.07 0.01371 1533.39 0.80620 7.11 0.00374 71.10 0.03738
强力霉素 0~3 21.33 0.11215 1090.20 5.73186 68.73 0.36136 125.61 0.66041
甲硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
迪美唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
奥硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
罗硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
替硝唑 4.74 4.74 4.74 4.74
地克珠利 0~30 52.14 0.02741 2569.08 1.35073 7.11 0.00374 56.88 0.02991
托曲珠利 0~2 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691
托曲珠利砜 0~2 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691 23.70 0.18691
尼卡巴嗪 0~400 7.11 0.00028 7.11 0.00028 7.11 0.00028 7.11 0.00028
氟苯尼考 0~3 2.37 0.01246 55.70 0.29282 7.11 0.03738 14.93 0.07850
氟苯尼考胺 0~3 14.22 0.07476 239.37 1.25852 11.85 0.06230 11.85 0.06230
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基于食品安全指数法评估新疆地区鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留的膳食暴露风险
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于帅 1 , 周旭东 1 , 王俊杰 1 , 王猛 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品安全监管 2025,16(13): 299-306
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品安全监管 2025, 16(13): 299-306
基于食品安全指数法评估新疆地区鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留的膳食暴露风险
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于帅1 , 周旭东1, 王俊杰1, 王猛2, *
作者信息
  • 1 新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州疾病预防控制中心, 博乐 833400
  • 2 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 于帅(1989—), 女, 硕士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与理化检验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*王猛(1985—), 男, 博士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与理化检验。E-mail:
Assessment of the dietary exposure risk of veterinary drug residues intake in chickens and eggs in Xinjiang based on the food safety index approach
Shuai YU1 , Xu-Dong ZHOU1, Jun-Jie WANG1, Meng WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Bole 833400, China
  • 2 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241230004
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目的 了解新疆地区居民饮食中鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留水平, 分析和评估兽药残留暴露对这一地区居民引起的健康风险。方法 使用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)对2021—2023年新疆维吾尔自治区超市和农贸市场的鸡肉与鸡蛋样品进行兽药残留检测, 再结合新疆地区居民食物摄入量数据, 利用点评估法进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 2021—2023年新疆鸡肉与鸡蛋中19种兽药残留检出率为23.3% (63/270), 超标率为6.3% (17/270), 经卡方检验, 鸡肉和鸡蛋样品中氟苯尼考检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.002), 新疆北疆、南疆、东疆区域检出率和超标率差异均无统计学意义。新疆地区鸡肉的食品安全指数均远小于1, 鸡蛋中兽药残留食品安全指数也全部小于1, 但氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、地克珠利、氟苯尼考胺的食品安全指数远大于1。结论 新疆地区鸡肉与鸡蛋的兽药残留膳食暴露风险较小, 处在可控范围。

新疆  /  鸡肉  /  鸡蛋  /  兽药残留  /  风险评估

Objective To understand the levels of veterinary drug residues in chickens and eggs in the diet of Xinjiang residents, and analyze and assess the health risks associated with exposure to veterinary drug residues in this region. Methods Veterinary drug residues were detected in chicken and egg samples from supermarkets and farmers’ markets in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2021 to 2023 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and then combined with the data on the food intake of the residents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then assessed the risk of dietary exposure by point assessment method. Results The detection rate of 19 kinds of veterinary drug residues in chicken and egg samples in Xinjiang from 2021 to 2023 was 23.3% (63/270), and the exceedance rate was 6.3% (17/270), and the difference in the detection rate of florfenicol was statistically significant by chi-square test (P=0.002), and the differences in detection and exceedance rates in the Northern, Southern and Eastern regions of Xinjiang were not statistically significant. The food safety index for chicken meat in Xinjiang were much smaller than 1, and the food safety index for veterinary drug residues in eggs were all less than 1, but the food safety index for ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, diclazuril and florfenicolide were much greater than 1. Conclusion The risk of dietary exposure to veterinary drug residues for chicken meats and eggs in Xinjiang is small and in the controllable range.

Xinjiang  /  chicken  /  egg  /  veterinary drug residues  /  risk assessment
于帅, 周旭东, 王俊杰, 王猛. 基于食品安全指数法评估新疆地区鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留的膳食暴露风险. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (13) : 299 -306 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241230004
Shuai YU, Xu-Dong ZHOU, Jun-Jie WANG, Meng WANG. Assessment of the dietary exposure risk of veterinary drug residues intake in chickens and eggs in Xinjiang based on the food safety index approach[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (13) : 299 -306 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241230004
禽、蛋类食品中含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素以及矿物质等人体所需的营养元素[1], 作为优质的营养来源之一[2], 在人们日常的饮食结构中占很大的比例。在家禽现代化养殖的过程中, 兽药作为抑制微生物生长、繁殖以及杀灭微生物的一类化合物, 是目前我国畜牧业中应用最广泛、最常用的药物[3], 其中以抗菌类药物(喹诺酮类、酰胺醇类、四环素类、硝基咪唑类等)为主[4]。兽药可以用来预防和治疗动物疾病, 同时还可促进生长[5]。随着国内养殖集约化程度的发展, 养殖密度显著提升, 兽药滥用的现象也日益严峻。过量兽药的使用不仅会对生态环境产生混合毒性[6]还可通过食物链的富集最终传递给人类[7-8], 人们长期食用兽药残留过高的畜禽食品会引起人体的多种急、慢性反应, 并可能诱发细胞突变导致致畸和致癌, 甚至诱导产生耐药菌株。这给身体带来极大隐患, 严重影响着公众的健康[9]。近年来人们对于兽药残留越来越重视, 各地均有关于兽药膳食暴露风险评估, 而新疆地区鲜有报道, 同时禽蛋在2020—2022年期间合格率连续3年都是畜禽产品中最低的[10-12]
为了了解新疆地区市售鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留现状以及其风险水平, 本研究对2021—2023年新疆15个地州市市售鸡肉与鸡蛋样本中19种兽药监测数据进行分析, 并结合人群膳食暴露参数, 采用点评估法对鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留进行风险评估。评估结果对新疆地区合理使用兽药, 提升畜禽产品质量安全[13]水平, 实现畜牧业高质量发展[14-16]以及保障人民食品安全具有重要意义。
2021—2023年分别在新疆维吾尔自治区15个地州市的商店、农贸市场、超市及网购渠道随机采购样本270份(鸡肉样品135份、鸡蛋样品135份), 其中阿克苏地区、阿勒泰地区、喀什地区、和田地区、塔城地区、巴州、博州、克州、伊犁州、乌鲁木齐、昌吉、奎屯、哈密、吐鲁番、克拉玛依各18份。鸡肉和鸡蛋按照《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中的要求去壳均质后分装于聚丙烯管中, 密封冷冻保存。
甲酸、乙腈、甲醇(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); 氢氧化钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、磷酸氢二钠、柠檬酸、乙酸(分析纯, 上海国药化学试剂有限公司); 实验用水为超纯水(18.0 MΩ·cm); 本研究使用的标准物质有恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、土霉素、强力霉素、甲硝唑、迪美咗、奥硝唑、罗硝唑、替硝唑、地克珠利、托曲珠利、托曲珠利砜、尼卡巴嗪、氟苯尼考、氟苯尼考胺(质量浓度100 µg/mL, 北京曼哈格生物科技有限公司), 均为有证标准物质。
Waters TQS-Micro液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱仪、Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) (美国Waters公司); Eppendorf Centrifµuge 5810R冷冻离心机(最大转速14000 r/min, 温度范围-9~40 ℃, 德国Eppendorf艾本德股份公司); The lab center-EDI45FV超纯水机[泽拉布仪器科技(上海)有限公司]。
共检测19种抗生素, 喹诺酮类: 恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星, 四环素类: 土霉素、强力霉素, 硝基咪唑类: 甲硝唑、迪美唑、奥硝唑、罗硝唑、替硝唑, 抗球虫类: 地克珠利、托曲珠利、托曲珠利砜、尼卡巴嗪, 以及氟苯尼考和氟苯尼考胺。检测方法参照《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》中操作程序, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定, 该方法具有分离效果好、选择性高、灵敏度高等优势, 在动物源性食品兽药残留检测领域具有较大应用潜力, 在检测中应用较为广泛[16-17]。各项目检出限及定量限见表1
按照GB 31650.1—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中41种兽药最大残留限量》与GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》规定的要求, 样品中兽药残留量超过国家限值, 即为超标样品。
采用食品安全指数(index of food safety, IFS)法计算鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留的实际摄入量, 评估此种兽药对居民健康的危害程度, 即慢性膳食摄入风险, 计算公式(1)~(2)如下:
$ED{{I}_{C}}={{C}_{i}}\times {{X}_{i}}\times F\times E$
IFSC=$\frac{ED{{I}_{C}}\times I}{AD{{I}_{C}}\times BW}$
式中: EDIC为兽药C的每天实际摄入量估计值(estimated daily intake), ng; Ci为鸡肉鸡蛋中兽药C的残留浓度, µg/kg, 本调查分别以药物C的平均检测值以及最大检测值估计; Xi为食品消费量, g/d; F为样本的可食用部分因子, 默认为1; E为样本的加工处理因子, 默认为1; IFSC为食品安全指数; ADIC为兽药C的每日允许摄入量(allowable daily intake, ADI), μg/(kg·bw); I为兽药C安全摄入量的校正因子, 取1; BW为人群平均体质量(body weight, BW), kg。采用IFS法描述兽药残留风险, 当IFSC<1时, 表示兽药C对鸡肉与鸡蛋食用安全的影响很小; 当IFSC=1时, 表示兽药C对鸡肉与鸡蛋食用安全的影响可以接受; 当IFSC>1时, 表示兽药C对食品安全的影响不可接受。
对于低于检出限数据的统计处理按照世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)全球环境监测系统/食品污染监测与评估规划(global environmental monitoring system/Food, GEMS/Food)第二次会议上提出的“食品中低水平污染物可信评价推荐”这一方法处理[18], 未检出数据的比例>60%时, 所有未检出数据用0或检出限替代; 未检出数据的比例≤60%时, 所有未检出数据用1/2检出限代替[18-19]。兽药残留的定量描述以均数、P50(中位数)、P95P97.5进行描述, 项目间、年度间、地域间检出率通过卡方检验进行比较, P<0.05为有统计学意义的差异。本研究未检出数据比例>80%, 用检出限替代。
监测结果显示(表2), 2021—2023新疆维吾尔自治区15地州市兽药残留19个监测项目总体样品检出率为23.3% (63/270), 超标样品17份, 样品超标率为6.3% (17/270), 相较于2019—2020年新疆样品兽药残留的检出率有所升高[20], 这可能与检测项目增多有关(检测项目由13项增加至19项, 特别是新增的氟苯尼考这一项, 该兽药在样品中的检出率位居前列); 检出9种兽药, 分别是氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、土霉素、强力霉素、地克珠利、尼卡巴嗪、氟苯尼考、氟苯尼考胺, 超标样品中同时检出恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星1份, 恩诺沙星和环丙沙星的检出值分别为357.00 µg/kg和298.00 µg/kg, 检出氟苯尼考及其代谢产物氟苯尼考胺1份。2021—2022年强力霉素的检出率及超标率在所有兽药中最高, 但自2023年2月1日起实施的GB 31650.1—2022中规定鸡蛋中强力霉素的限值由不得检出更改为10 µg/kg后, 2023年强力霉素的超标率大大下降, 但仍需注意强力霉素的检出率过高现象。15种兽药中残留情况较好的为硝基咪唑类药物, 在新疆地区中连续3年未检出。
从2021—2023鸡肉和鸡蛋两个类别兽药残留19个监测情况(表3)对比得出: 鸡肉中4个项目有检出, 鸡蛋中8个项目有检出。其中在鸡肉和鸡蛋中都有检出的是强力霉素、地克珠利、氟苯尼考。鸡肉中检出率最高的项目为氟苯尼考18.90% (17/90), 鸡肉和鸡蛋检出率都较高的项目是强力霉素, 说明这两种兽药在养殖过程中的使用较普遍。19种兽药残留监测的数据结果显示, 鸡肉样品超标情况好于鸡蛋样品。经卡方检验, 氟苯尼考项目在鸡肉和鸡蛋中的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.188, P=0.002)。
将监测的15个地区分为北疆地区(阿勒泰、博州、昌吉、克拉玛依、奎屯、塔城、乌鲁木齐、伊犁)、南疆地区(阿克苏、巴州、和田、喀什、克州)以及东疆地区(哈密、吐鲁番)进行分析, 其中北疆和南疆地区的鸡蛋、鸡肉中兽药残留检出率分别为24.3%和24.4%较为接近, 东疆地区的检出率为16.7%相较前两者稍低。同时, 北疆和南疆地区的超标率也很接近, 分别为6.94%和6.67%, 而东疆地区则较低, 为2.78%。经卡方检验兽药残留的检出率无统计学意义(χ2=1.033, P=0.879), 超标率无统计学意义(χ2=0.597, P=0.644)。见表4
根据《中国人群暴露参数手册》(成人卷), 新疆地区城乡居民鸡肉平均消费量为9.0 g/d, 鸡蛋平均消费量为23.7 g/d, 城乡居民平均体重为63.4 kg[21], 兽药残留量取均值、最大值、P95P97.5。结果显示(表5)鸡肉的食品安全指数IFSC均值和IFSC最大值均远小于1, 提示新疆地区鸡肉中兽药残留的食品安全风险较小。鸡蛋中兽药残留食品安全指数(表6) IFSC均值也全部小于1, 但氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、地克珠利、氟苯尼考胺的IFSC最大值远超于1, 表示鸡蛋中这些兽药残留仍存在较高的健康风险, 有关部门需加强对这些兽药使用的监管力度。此外鸡肉和鸡蛋中IFSCP95和IFSCP97.5均远小于1, 这也提示新疆地区这19种兽药残留的人群高暴露风险较低。由于硝基咪唑类药物在GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》中没有设定值ADIC, 故未对其进行安全风险评估。
本研究从4个方面对新疆在2021—2023年期间市售鸡蛋和鸡肉的兽药残留情况进行了分析。在19种监测项目中共有9种兽药被检测出来, 检出率排在前3位的分别是强力霉素(13.33%)、氟苯尼考(11.11%)和地克珠利(4.44%), 其中强力霉素的检出率在湖北省[22]、宁夏市[23]、河南省[24]、天津市[7]、重庆市[25]、杭州[26]均位居前列, 说明强力霉素是一种在禽类养殖中广泛使用的抗生素, 其杀菌效果好不良反应相对较少[27]。同时在对氟苯尼考与强力霉素的检测数据进行比较时发现其检出率较为接近, 有研究表明这两种抗生素同时使用有增强抗菌能力的效果[28], 养殖户可能在养殖过程中存在联合用药的情况, 但是联合使用的副作用是两种药物在生物体内的代谢减慢且休药期延长[29], 从而导致残留时间更久, 这可能也是其更容易被检出的原因。地克珠利作为一种抗球虫药在新疆鸡球虫感染率高居不下[30]的情况下也被大范围使用, 它的检出也符合实际, 新疆地区抗球虫的检出情况与其他省份基本一致[31]
对于监测项目中的硝基咪唑类禁用兽药在2021—2023年期间均未检出, 同为禁用兽药的洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星除1份鸡蛋样品中检出氧氟沙星外其余3项也均未检出。但对于产蛋期禁用的兽药恩诺沙星、强力霉素、地克珠利、托曲珠利、氟苯尼考除托曲珠利外均有检出和超标, 特别是2022年1份鸡蛋样品中检出地克珠利108.4 µg/kg, 远超过GB 31650—2019规定产蛋期禁用的规定。虽然刚发布的GB 31650.1—2022新增了产蛋期禁用兽药在蛋中的最大残留限量值, 但其并不表示这些兽药在产蛋期间可以使用。监测数据显示新疆各地州鸡肉与鸡蛋中兽药残留检出率差异无统计学意义, 这说明新疆地区各地州市鸡肉与鸡蛋样品中兽药残留现象并不因地区不同而有所差异。
本研究对膳食暴露量及风险评估发现, 新疆地区的鸡肉的IFSC的均值和最大值均远小于1, 表明经膳食途径摄入鸡肉的兽药残留对人体健康的危害较小, 本地区监管部门要继续维持在禽类养殖中兽药使用的监管力度。鸡蛋的IFSC的均值也小于1, 说明居民日常食用鸡蛋的兽药残留风险也较小, 仅有极个别样本中兽药残留的IFSC较高, 但对整体影响不大, 综上所述新疆地区鸡肉和鸡蛋兽药残留的食品安全处在风险可控范围。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202401B064)
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2025年第16卷第13期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241230004
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-01-12
  • 出版时间:2025-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才培养计划项目(TSYC202401B064)
作者信息
    1 新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州疾病预防控制中心, 博乐 833400
    2 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000

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*王猛(1985—), 男, 博士, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为食品安全与理化检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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