Article(id=1216517523483312367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969979401, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969979401, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969979401, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969979401, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=187, endPage=194, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517525727265041, articleId=1216517523483312367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of 27 kinds of inorganic elements content and heavy metal pollution assessment in commercially available Solanum tuberosum L. in Qinzhou City, columnId=1151923892655846010, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Safety Risk Assessment and Risk Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To determine the content of 27 kinds of inorganic elements in commercially available Solanum tuberosum L. in Qinzhou City and evaluate the situation of heavy metal pollution. Methods Quantitative analysis of 27 kinds of inorganic elements in Solanum tuberosum L. was conducted using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method from GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard—Determination of multiple elements in foods. The safety of the samples and the distribution of characteristic elements were comprehensively evaluated by combining the single-factor pollution index method, Nemerow comprehensive index method, and chemometrics based on the toxicity of the elements. Results The commercial Solanum tuberosum L. from Qinzhou City contained abundant trace elements, including the essential constants of human body such as Na (7.50-458.20 mg/kg), Mg (66.40-429.40 mg/kg), K (1620.80-7397.60 mg/kg), Ca (15.00-123.60 mg/kg); essential trace elements such as Mn (0.46-5.16 mg/kg), Fe (3.00-142.10 mg/kg), Cu (0.24-1.12 mg/kg); hazardous elements such as Pb (0-0.08 mg/kg), Cd (0-0.03 mg/kg), As (0-0.08 mg/kg), Cr (0-0.32 mg/kg). The hazardous elements Hg, Sn, Ni were not detected. The content of potentially harmful elements was low, indicating good safety. Single-factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive index analyses demonstrated that the single-factor pollution index values and Nemerow comprehensive index values for Pb, Cd, total Hg, total As, and Cr in all samples were less than 0.7, categorizing them as excellent grade with safe pollution levels. Principal component analysis identified Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, As, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Na, Ca and Sr as characteristic inorganic elements. Cluster analysis classified the samples into two major categories. Conclusion The Solanum tuberosum L. are sold in the market in that city, which has a very low content of harmful elements and a low degree of pollution, and the content does not exceed the limit requirements of GB 2762—2022 National food safety standard—Maximum levels of contaminants in foods. Therefore, all the tested Solanum tuberosum L. samples are safe food, and their growing environment is not polluted by heavy metals.

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目的 测定钦州市市售马铃薯中27种无机元素含量, 并评估其重金属污染情况。方法 采用GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中电感耦合等离子体质谱法对马铃薯中27种无机元素进行定量分析, 根据元素危害性运用单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数法结合化学计量法, 综合评价样品的安全性及其特征元素的分布。结果 市售马铃薯中含有丰富的微量元素, 包括人体必需常量元素Na (7.50~458.20 mg/kg)、Mg (66.40~429.40 mg/kg)、K (1620.80~7397.60 mg/kg)、Ca (15.00~123.60 mg/kg); 必需微量元素Mn (0.46~5.16 mg/kg)、Fe (3.00~142.10 mg/kg)、Cu (0.24~1.12 mg/kg); 危害元素Pb (0~0.08 mg/kg)、Cd (0~0.03 mg/kg)、As (0~0.08 mg/kg)、Cr (0~0.32 mg/kg)。危害元素Hg、Sn、Ni均未检出。危害元素含量越低, 安全性越好; 单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数值显示, 所有样品中的Pb、Cd、总Hg、总As、Cr 5种重金属元素的单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数均小于0.7, 为优良等级, 污染程度为安全级; 主成分分析预测Li、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、As、Mg、K、Cu、Zn、Na、Ca、Sr为特征无机元素; 聚类分析将样品分为两大类。结论 该市市售马铃薯危害元素含量低、受污染程度低, 含量未超过GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》的限量要求, 因此, 本次所有受试的马铃薯样品均为安全食品, 其生长环境没有受到重金属污染。

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*何敏(1987—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全等方面研究。E-mail:
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黄春燕(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检验检测技术, 食品药品质量控制等方面。E-mail:

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黄春燕(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检验检测技术, 食品药品质量控制等方面。E-mail:

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黄春燕(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检验检测技术, 食品药品质量控制等方面。E-mail:

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Sample information of Solanum tuberosum L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 来源 采样时间 采样量
/kg
品种 编号 来源 采样时间 采样量
/kg
品种 编号 来源 采样时间 采样量
/kg
品种
S1 钦州市 2023.10.20 3.146 黄皮 S23 浦北 2023.11.01 3.000 黄皮 S45 灵山 2023.11.17 3.000 黄皮
S2 钦州市 2023.10.23 3.128 红皮 S24 灵山 2023.11.02 3.214 黄皮 S46 钦州港 2024.01.08 3.000 黄皮
S3 灵山 2023.10.23 3.100 黄皮 S25 浦北 2023.11.02 3.050 黄皮 S47 钦北 2024.01.08 3.150 黄皮
S4 灵山 2023.10.23 3.100 黄皮 S26 钦州港 2023.11.03 3.150 黄皮 S48 钦北 2024.01.09 3.058 黄皮
S5 灵山 2023.10.24 3.000 黄皮 S27 钦州港 2023.11.03 3.200 黄皮 S49 灵山 2024.01.10 3.150 黄皮
S6 灵山 2023.10.24 3.400 黄皮 S28 钦北 2023.11.03 3.220 黄皮 S50 灵山 2024.01.11 3.200 红皮
S7 灵山 2023.10.24 3.200 黄皮 S29 钦南 2023.11.06 3.160 白皮 S51 灵山 2024.01.11 3.200 黄皮
S8 浦北 2023.10.24 3.050 黄皮 S30 灵山 2023.11.06 3.100 黄皮 S52 钦南 2024.01.15 3.200 黄皮
S9 浦北 2023.10.24 3.050 黄皮 S31 浦北 2023.11.07 3.160 黄皮 S53 钦北 2024.01.15 3.100 黄皮
S10 钦北 2023.10.25 3.250 黄皮 S32 钦北 2023.11.07 3.100 黄皮 S54 浦北 2024.01.16 3.100 黄皮
S11 钦北 2023.10.25 3.150 黄皮 S33 灵山 2023.11.08 3.100 黄皮 S55 钦南 2024.01.17 3.100 黄皮
S12 浦北 2023.10.25 3.100 黄皮 S34 钦南 2023.11.08 3.150 黄皮 S56 浦北 2024.01.18 3.250 黄皮
S13 浦北 2023.10.25 3.000 黄皮 S35 钦南 2023.11.08 3.050 黄皮 S57 钦州港 2024.01.19 3.350 黄皮
S14 灵山 2023.10.26 3.350 黄皮 S36 灵山 2023.11.09 3.160 黄皮 S58 钦南 2024.01.22 3.200 黄皮
S15 灵山 2023.10.26 3.200 黄皮 S37 钦北 2023.11.10 3.113 黄皮 S59 钦北 2024.01.22 3.200 黄皮
S16 灵山 2023.10.27 3.400 黄皮 S38 钦北 2023.11.13 3.200 黄皮 S60 灵山 2024.01.24 3.150 黄皮
S17 钦州市 2023.10.30 3.200 黄皮 S39 钦南 2023.11.13 3.100 黄皮 S61 浦北 2024.01.25 3.264 黄皮
S18 钦南 2023.10.30 3.130 红皮 S40 钦南 2023.11.13 3.250 黄皮 S62 钦南 2024.01.29 3.200 黄皮
S19 钦南 2023.10.31 3.210 黄皮 S41 浦北 2023.11.14 3.050 黄皮 S63 钦北 2024.01.29 3.190 黄皮
S20 灵山 2023.10.31 3.100 黄皮 S42 灵山 2023.11.15 3.250 黄皮 S64 浦北 2024.01.30 3.200 黄皮
S21 灵山 2023.10.31 3.200 白皮 S43 钦南 2023.11.15 3.030 黄皮 S65 钦北 2024.01.30 3.100 黄皮
S22 灵山 2023.11.01 3.100 黄皮 S44 灵山 2023.11.16 3.200 黄皮 S66 钦州港 2024.01.31 3.250 黄皮
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909685379787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

马铃薯样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 来源 采样时间 采样量
/kg
品种 编号 来源 采样时间 采样量
/kg
品种 编号 来源 采样时间 采样量
/kg
品种
S1 钦州市 2023.10.20 3.146 黄皮 S23 浦北 2023.11.01 3.000 黄皮 S45 灵山 2023.11.17 3.000 黄皮
S2 钦州市 2023.10.23 3.128 红皮 S24 灵山 2023.11.02 3.214 黄皮 S46 钦州港 2024.01.08 3.000 黄皮
S3 灵山 2023.10.23 3.100 黄皮 S25 浦北 2023.11.02 3.050 黄皮 S47 钦北 2024.01.08 3.150 黄皮
S4 灵山 2023.10.23 3.100 黄皮 S26 钦州港 2023.11.03 3.150 黄皮 S48 钦北 2024.01.09 3.058 黄皮
S5 灵山 2023.10.24 3.000 黄皮 S27 钦州港 2023.11.03 3.200 黄皮 S49 灵山 2024.01.10 3.150 黄皮
S6 灵山 2023.10.24 3.400 黄皮 S28 钦北 2023.11.03 3.220 黄皮 S50 灵山 2024.01.11 3.200 红皮
S7 灵山 2023.10.24 3.200 黄皮 S29 钦南 2023.11.06 3.160 白皮 S51 灵山 2024.01.11 3.200 黄皮
S8 浦北 2023.10.24 3.050 黄皮 S30 灵山 2023.11.06 3.100 黄皮 S52 钦南 2024.01.15 3.200 黄皮
S9 浦北 2023.10.24 3.050 黄皮 S31 浦北 2023.11.07 3.160 黄皮 S53 钦北 2024.01.15 3.100 黄皮
S10 钦北 2023.10.25 3.250 黄皮 S32 钦北 2023.11.07 3.100 黄皮 S54 浦北 2024.01.16 3.100 黄皮
S11 钦北 2023.10.25 3.150 黄皮 S33 灵山 2023.11.08 3.100 黄皮 S55 钦南 2024.01.17 3.100 黄皮
S12 浦北 2023.10.25 3.100 黄皮 S34 钦南 2023.11.08 3.150 黄皮 S56 浦北 2024.01.18 3.250 黄皮
S13 浦北 2023.10.25 3.000 黄皮 S35 钦南 2023.11.08 3.050 黄皮 S57 钦州港 2024.01.19 3.350 黄皮
S14 灵山 2023.10.26 3.350 黄皮 S36 灵山 2023.11.09 3.160 黄皮 S58 钦南 2024.01.22 3.200 黄皮
S15 灵山 2023.10.26 3.200 黄皮 S37 钦北 2023.11.10 3.113 黄皮 S59 钦北 2024.01.22 3.200 黄皮
S16 灵山 2023.10.27 3.400 黄皮 S38 钦北 2023.11.13 3.200 黄皮 S60 灵山 2024.01.24 3.150 黄皮
S17 钦州市 2023.10.30 3.200 黄皮 S39 钦南 2023.11.13 3.100 黄皮 S61 浦北 2024.01.25 3.264 黄皮
S18 钦南 2023.10.30 3.130 红皮 S40 钦南 2023.11.13 3.250 黄皮 S62 钦南 2024.01.29 3.200 黄皮
S19 钦南 2023.10.31 3.210 黄皮 S41 浦北 2023.11.14 3.050 黄皮 S63 钦北 2024.01.29 3.190 黄皮
S20 灵山 2023.10.31 3.100 黄皮 S42 灵山 2023.11.15 3.250 黄皮 S64 浦北 2024.01.30 3.200 黄皮
S21 灵山 2023.10.31 3.200 白皮 S43 钦南 2023.11.15 3.030 黄皮 S65 钦北 2024.01.30 3.100 黄皮
S22 灵山 2023.11.01 3.100 黄皮 S44 灵山 2023.11.16 3.200 黄皮 S66 钦州港 2024.01.31 3.250 黄皮
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909823791826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pollution assessment results of heavy metal elements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 单因子污染指数Pi 内梅罗
综合指数PN
污染
程度
编号 单因子污染指数Pi 内梅罗
综合指数
PN
污染
程度
Pb Cd Hg As Cr Pb Cd Hg As Cr
S1 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.64 0.45 安全 S34 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 安全
S2 0.35 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.36 安全 S35 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全
S3 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 安全 S36 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 安全
S4 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 安全 S37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全
S5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 安全
S6 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全 S39 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S7 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 安全 S40 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 安全
S9 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 安全 S42 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全 S43 0.35 0.06 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.35 安全
S11 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 安全 S44 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全
S12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S45 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全
S13 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 安全 S46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 安全
S14 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全 S47 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S15 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全 S48 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 安全
S16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 安全 S49 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S17 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 安全 S50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 安全
S18 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全 S51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 安全
S19 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.33 安全 S52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.40 0.07 安全
S20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01 安全 S53 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.09 0.57 0.10 安全
S21 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 安全 S54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 安全
S22 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 安全 S55 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 安全
S23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 安全 S56 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全
S24 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 安全 S57 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 安全
S25 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 安全 S58 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全
S26 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全 S59 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 安全
S27 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 安全 S60 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 安全
S28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S61 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S29 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 安全 S62 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 安全
S30 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 安全 S63 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全
S31 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 安全 S64 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S32 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全 S65 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 安全 S66 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909974786778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重金属元素的污染评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 单因子污染指数Pi 内梅罗
综合指数PN
污染
程度
编号 单因子污染指数Pi 内梅罗
综合指数
PN
污染
程度
Pb Cd Hg As Cr Pb Cd Hg As Cr
S1 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.64 0.45 安全 S34 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 安全
S2 0.35 0.15 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.36 安全 S35 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全
S3 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 安全 S36 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 安全
S4 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 安全 S37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全
S5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 安全
S6 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全 S39 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S7 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 安全 S40 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 安全
S9 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 安全 S42 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全 S43 0.35 0.06 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.35 安全
S11 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 安全 S44 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全
S12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S45 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全
S13 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 安全 S46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 安全
S14 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全 S47 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S15 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 安全 S48 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 安全
S16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 安全 S49 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S17 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 安全 S50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 安全
S18 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全 S51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 安全
S19 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.33 安全 S52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.40 0.07 安全
S20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.01 安全 S53 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.09 0.57 0.10 安全
S21 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 安全 S54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 安全
S22 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 安全 S55 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 安全
S23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 安全 S56 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全
S24 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 安全 S57 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 安全
S25 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 安全 S58 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全
S26 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 安全 S59 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 安全
S27 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 安全 S60 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 安全
S28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 安全 S61 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S29 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 安全 S62 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 安全
S30 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 安全 S63 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全
S31 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 安全 S64 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 安全
S32 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 安全 S65 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
S33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 安全 S66 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 安全
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911337935588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Eigenvalues and contribution rates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/% 主成分 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/%
1 7.787 35.396 35.396 12 0.297 1.352 95.852
2 3.796 17.252 52.649 13 0.271 1.233 97.085
3 3.526 16.029 68.678 14 0.187 0.851 97.936
4 1.208 5.491 74.169 15 0.133 0.604 98.540
5 1.056 4.801 78.970 16 0.127 0.578 99.118
6 0.786 3.573 82.543 17 0.062 0.282 99.400
7 0.725 3.297 85.840 18 0.053 0.243 99.643
8 0.692 3.145 88.985 19 0.042 0.190 99.833
9 0.529 2.403 91.388 20 0.022 0.100 99.933
10 0.377 1.713 93.101 21 0.008 0.037 99.970
11 0.308 1.399 94.500 22 0.007 0.030 100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911472153323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

特征值与贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/% 主成分 特征值 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/%
1 7.787 35.396 35.396 12 0.297 1.352 95.852
2 3.796 17.252 52.649 13 0.271 1.233 97.085
3 3.526 16.029 68.678 14 0.187 0.851 97.936
4 1.208 5.491 74.169 15 0.133 0.604 98.540
5 1.056 4.801 78.970 16 0.127 0.578 99.118
6 0.786 3.573 82.543 17 0.062 0.282 99.400
7 0.725 3.297 85.840 18 0.053 0.243 99.643
8 0.692 3.145 88.985 19 0.042 0.190 99.833
9 0.529 2.403 91.388 20 0.022 0.100 99.933
10 0.377 1.713 93.101 21 0.008 0.037 99.970
11 0.308 1.399 94.500 22 0.007 0.030 100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911610565364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Factor load matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征峰 主成分
1 2 3 4 5
Li 0.972 -0.021 -0.006 -0.002 -0.063
B 0.307 0.552 0.361 0.207 -0.013
Na -0.177 -0.268 0.636 0.500 0.346
Mg 0.404 0.807 0.104 0.019 0.081
Al 0.962 -0.117 -0.153 -0.008 -0.094
K 0.224 0.895 0.032 -0.039 0.054
Ca 0.487 -0.088 0.764 0.184 0.012
Ti 0.877 -0.033 -0.161 0.003 -0.077
V 0.950 -0.174 -0.123 -0.045 -0.135
Cr 0.739 -0.094 0.120 0.041 -0.114
Mn 0.610 0.431 -0.272 0.085 0.263
Fe 0.960 -0.224 -0.036 0.014 -0.043
Co 0.296 0.047 -0.724 0.336 -0.030
Cu 0.430 0.605 0.344 -0.048 0.028
Zn 0.300 0.648 0.307 -0.201 0.363
As 0.886 -0.246 -0.053 -0.154 -0.036
Sr 0.207 -0.420 0.785 0.275 0.121
Mo -0.069 0.122 0.573 0.017 -0.565
Cd -0.035 0.033 -0.686 0.355 0.328
Ba 0.365 -0.676 0.132 -0.152 0.362
Tl 0.418 -0.063 -0.257 0.565 -0.190
Pb 0.569 -0.411 0.068 -0.381 0.249
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911740588797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517523483312367, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

因子负荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征峰 主成分
1 2 3 4 5
Li 0.972 -0.021 -0.006 -0.002 -0.063
B 0.307 0.552 0.361 0.207 -0.013
Na -0.177 -0.268 0.636 0.500 0.346
Mg 0.404 0.807 0.104 0.019 0.081
Al 0.962 -0.117 -0.153 -0.008 -0.094
K 0.224 0.895 0.032 -0.039 0.054
Ca 0.487 -0.088 0.764 0.184 0.012
Ti 0.877 -0.033 -0.161 0.003 -0.077
V 0.950 -0.174 -0.123 -0.045 -0.135
Cr 0.739 -0.094 0.120 0.041 -0.114
Mn 0.610 0.431 -0.272 0.085 0.263
Fe 0.960 -0.224 -0.036 0.014 -0.043
Co 0.296 0.047 -0.724 0.336 -0.030
Cu 0.430 0.605 0.344 -0.048 0.028
Zn 0.300 0.648 0.307 -0.201 0.363
As 0.886 -0.246 -0.053 -0.154 -0.036
Sr 0.207 -0.420 0.785 0.275 0.121
Mo -0.069 0.122 0.573 0.017 -0.565
Cd -0.035 0.033 -0.686 0.355 0.328
Ba 0.365 -0.676 0.132 -0.152 0.362
Tl 0.418 -0.063 -0.257 0.565 -0.190
Pb 0.569 -0.411 0.068 -0.381 0.249
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钦州市市售马铃薯中27种无机元素含量及其重金属污染评估
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黄春燕 , 周怡 , 张彩玲 , 黄秋银 , 邓哲 , 谭得燕 , 何敏 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025,16(15): 187-194
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025, 16(15): 187-194
钦州市市售马铃薯中27种无机元素含量及其重金属污染评估
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黄春燕 , 周怡, 张彩玲, 黄秋银, 邓哲, 谭得燕, 何敏*
作者信息
  • 钦州市检验检测中心, 钦州 535000
  • 黄春燕(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检验检测技术, 食品药品质量控制等方面。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*何敏(1987—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全等方面研究。E-mail:
Analysis of 27 kinds of inorganic elements content and heavy metal pollution assessment in commercially available Solanum tuberosum L. in Qinzhou City
Chun-Yan HUANG , Yi ZHOU, Cai-Ling ZHANG, Qiu-Yin HUANG, Zhe DENG, De-Yan TAN, Min HE*
Affiliations
  • Qinzhou Inspection and Testing Institute, Qinzhou 535000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123001
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目的 测定钦州市市售马铃薯中27种无机元素含量, 并评估其重金属污染情况。方法 采用GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中电感耦合等离子体质谱法对马铃薯中27种无机元素进行定量分析, 根据元素危害性运用单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数法结合化学计量法, 综合评价样品的安全性及其特征元素的分布。结果 市售马铃薯中含有丰富的微量元素, 包括人体必需常量元素Na (7.50~458.20 mg/kg)、Mg (66.40~429.40 mg/kg)、K (1620.80~7397.60 mg/kg)、Ca (15.00~123.60 mg/kg); 必需微量元素Mn (0.46~5.16 mg/kg)、Fe (3.00~142.10 mg/kg)、Cu (0.24~1.12 mg/kg); 危害元素Pb (0~0.08 mg/kg)、Cd (0~0.03 mg/kg)、As (0~0.08 mg/kg)、Cr (0~0.32 mg/kg)。危害元素Hg、Sn、Ni均未检出。危害元素含量越低, 安全性越好; 单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数值显示, 所有样品中的Pb、Cd、总Hg、总As、Cr 5种重金属元素的单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数均小于0.7, 为优良等级, 污染程度为安全级; 主成分分析预测Li、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、As、Mg、K、Cu、Zn、Na、Ca、Sr为特征无机元素; 聚类分析将样品分为两大类。结论 该市市售马铃薯危害元素含量低、受污染程度低, 含量未超过GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》的限量要求, 因此, 本次所有受试的马铃薯样品均为安全食品, 其生长环境没有受到重金属污染。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法  /  马铃薯  /  无机元素  /  污染评估

Objective To determine the content of 27 kinds of inorganic elements in commercially available Solanum tuberosum L. in Qinzhou City and evaluate the situation of heavy metal pollution. Methods Quantitative analysis of 27 kinds of inorganic elements in Solanum tuberosum L. was conducted using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method from GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard—Determination of multiple elements in foods. The safety of the samples and the distribution of characteristic elements were comprehensively evaluated by combining the single-factor pollution index method, Nemerow comprehensive index method, and chemometrics based on the toxicity of the elements. Results The commercial Solanum tuberosum L. from Qinzhou City contained abundant trace elements, including the essential constants of human body such as Na (7.50-458.20 mg/kg), Mg (66.40-429.40 mg/kg), K (1620.80-7397.60 mg/kg), Ca (15.00-123.60 mg/kg); essential trace elements such as Mn (0.46-5.16 mg/kg), Fe (3.00-142.10 mg/kg), Cu (0.24-1.12 mg/kg); hazardous elements such as Pb (0-0.08 mg/kg), Cd (0-0.03 mg/kg), As (0-0.08 mg/kg), Cr (0-0.32 mg/kg). The hazardous elements Hg, Sn, Ni were not detected. The content of potentially harmful elements was low, indicating good safety. Single-factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive index analyses demonstrated that the single-factor pollution index values and Nemerow comprehensive index values for Pb, Cd, total Hg, total As, and Cr in all samples were less than 0.7, categorizing them as excellent grade with safe pollution levels. Principal component analysis identified Li, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, As, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, Na, Ca and Sr as characteristic inorganic elements. Cluster analysis classified the samples into two major categories. Conclusion The Solanum tuberosum L. are sold in the market in that city, which has a very low content of harmful elements and a low degree of pollution, and the content does not exceed the limit requirements of GB 2762—2022 National food safety standard—Maximum levels of contaminants in foods. Therefore, all the tested Solanum tuberosum L. samples are safe food, and their growing environment is not polluted by heavy metals.

inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  /  Solanum tuberosum L.  /  inorganic elements  /  pollution assessment
黄春燕, 周怡, 张彩玲, 黄秋银, 邓哲, 谭得燕, 何敏. 钦州市市售马铃薯中27种无机元素含量及其重金属污染评估. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 187 -194 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123001
Chun-Yan HUANG, Yi ZHOU, Cai-Ling ZHANG, Qiu-Yin HUANG, Zhe DENG, De-Yan TAN, Min HE. Analysis of 27 kinds of inorganic elements content and heavy metal pollution assessment in commercially available Solanum tuberosum L. in Qinzhou City[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 187 -194 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123001
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.), 茄科茄属的块茎, 别名土豆、地蛋、洋芋等, 是两用型的农产品, 含有丰富的维生素和矿物质元素[1], 研究表明, 马铃薯维生素的含量丰富, 可作为主食和蔬菜, 是中国四大主食之一, 种植面积666.67万公顷左右[2], 中国马铃薯种植面积和总产量均居世界第一[3]。但是目前, 我国大部分地区的土壤重金属污染问题比较明显, 严重影响了农产品质量问题[4], 马铃薯是生长在土壤下成熟的块根, 因此, 探究马铃薯块根在此过程中受到的污染显得尤为重要。其次, 金属元素是维持人体正常新陈代谢和生命活动的重要物质[5], 马铃薯本身含有丰富的对人体有益的微量元素, 特别是Fe、Ca、Se等, 但也有对人体肺、肾脏等造成潜在损害的重金属元素, 如Pb、Cd、Hg、Cu、As等[6]。食用马铃薯可以提供人体不能合成的矿质元素, 但是矿质元素在人体生理需要量和中毒剂量都有一定范围[7], 因此, 探讨研究马铃薯中的元素含量情况具有重要意义。目前, 检索相关文献, 赖文锋等[8]通过微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定白萝卜、胡萝卜、马铃薯和生姜4种块根块茎类蔬菜中Cr、As、Cd和Pb的含量, 侧重于重金属污染; 姚茜等[9]通过比较超级微波与传统微波处理马铃薯样品的优缺点, 测定了马铃薯中30种无机元素; 赵振杰等[10]通过田间试验研究重金属Cd、Pb复合污染地区不同马铃薯品种Cd和Pb的富集特性等, 探究马铃薯的安全生产和降低人体健康风险的研究, 但目前鲜少检索到有关马铃薯本身含有的无机元素的含量情况及通过化学计量学分析的报道。
因此, 参照马铃薯富含的营养元素、危害元素情况[6]及本研究通过检测钦州市不同县(区)农贸市场上随机监督抽检回来的66批次马铃薯, 采用GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》第一法检测27种无机元素, 评估本次受试马铃薯的各个无机元素的含量及其健康危害情况, 以期为市场监管提供数据参考。
标准物质[Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Pb 26种元素的混合标准溶液(批号: 23DB1147), 质量浓度为100 μg/mL, Hg(批号: 226020-4), 质量浓度为1000 μg/mL]、内标[Bi、Ge、In、Re、Rh、Sc元素的混合溶液(批号: 23D81216), 质量浓度为10 μg/mL](国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心); 65%硝酸(UP-S级, 成都市科隆化学品有限公司)。
马铃薯66批次, 所有样品经市场随机抽样得到, 抽检时间为2023年10月—2024年1月, 详细信息见表1
NexION 1000G电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(美国铂金埃尔默股份有限公司); Expec786 C超级微波消解仪(杭州谱育科技发展有限公司); CM100M复合式研磨仪(北京格瑞德曼仪器设备有限公司); LS220ASCS万分之一电子天平(瑞士普利赛斯公司); Center-Edi45FV纯水机[泽拉布仪器科技(上海)有限公司]。
本研究中的Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb元素检测依据 GB 5009.268—2016第一法。
(1)内标溶液配制
以Ge、In、Bi为混合内标液。其中Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn元素以Ge为内标; As、Se、Sr、Mo、Cd元素以In为内标; Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb元素以Bi为内标。
(2)对照品溶液配制
精密吸取Li、B、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Pb 26种元素的混合标准溶液, 用5%硝酸溶液逐级稀释, 得到上机质量浓度分别为0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.50、5.00、10.00、25.00、50.00、100.00、250.00、500.00 ng/mL系列混合元素对照品溶液; 精密吸取Hg元素标准溶液, 用5%硝酸溶液逐级稀释, 得到上机质量浓度分别为0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.50 ng/mL系列对照品溶液。
精密称取制备均匀后的样品1 g, 置于微波消解管中, 加入5 mL 65%浓硝酸, 按照如下程序进行消解: 0~20 min, 以1000 W的功率, 消解温度升至240 ℃; 20~50 min, 功率为1000 W, 消解温度为240 ℃; 50~60 min, 功率为1600 W, 消解温度为60 ℃。待消解结束, 转移消解完全的样品至50 mL量瓶中, 同时用超纯水洗涤消解管3次, 合并, 定容至刻度。供试品溶液根据上机浓度适当稀释。
将射频功率设为1600 W; 雾化室温度设为2 ℃; 等离子气流量设为15.0 L/min; 动能歧视(kinetic energy discrimination, KED)碰撞气流量设为5.5 mL/min; 辅助气流量设为1.3 L/min; 雾化气气体流量设为0.92 L/min; 重复次数3次; 扫描次数20次, 以跳峰模式为扫描模式进行样品数据采集。
单因子污染指数(Pi)计算如公式(1):
Pi=Ci/Si
式中: Pi为污染元素i的污染指数; Ci为测得值; Si为限量指导值。其中, Pi值大小与污染程度有关。Pi≤0.7, 优良; 0.7<Pi≤1.0, 安全; 1.0<Pi≤2.0, 轻度污染; 2.0<Pi≤3.0, 中度污染; Pi>3.0, 重度污染[11-12]
内梅罗综合指数(P)计算如公式(2):
P=$\sqrt{\text{( }P\text{ max}{}^{2}+P\text{ave}{}^{\text{2}}\text{) /2}}$
式中: P为样品重金属污染综合指数; Pmax为单因子污染指数的最大值; Pave为单因子污染指数的平均值。P≤0.7, 安全级; 0.7<P≤1.0, 警戒线; 1.0<P≤2.0, 轻度污染; 2.0<P≤3.0, 中度污染; P>3.0重度污染[11-13]
使用Microsoft Excel 2021软件对66批次马铃薯样品原始无机元素数据进行统计和分析, 使用SPSS 22.0软件对马铃薯样品原始无机元素数据进行主成分分析和聚类分析, 并从中提取分析图表。
市售66批次马铃薯中各无机元素含量, 测定结果显示, 马铃薯中含有丰富的无机元素, 其中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu等元素含量较高, 其中人体必需常量元素Na: 7.50~458.20 mg/kg、Mg: 66.40~429.40 mg/kg、K: 1620.80~7397.60 mg/kg、Ca: 15.00~123.60 mg/kg; 而必需微量元素Mn: 0.46~5.16 mg/kg、Fe: 3.00~142.10 mg/kg、Cu: 0.24~1.12 mg/kg, 表明了马铃薯中含有丰富人体所需的矿物质元素。
根据GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量规定》规定, 马铃薯中各污染物限值如下: Pb≤0.2 mg/kg、Cd≤0.1 mg/kg、总Hg≤0.01 mg/kg、总As≤0.5 mg/kg、Cr≤0.5 mg/kg, 66批次马铃薯样品的Pb (0~0.08 mg/kg)、Cd (0~ 0.03 mg/kg)、Hg(未检出)、As (0~0.08 mg/kg)、Cr (0~0.32 mg/kg)含量均在限值以下, 其中在GB 2762—2022中未规定马铃薯中Sn和Ni的限值, 但本研究检测了这两种元素, 含量均为未检出。由此可见, 本研究采集的马铃薯样品中, 重金属符合我国相关标准的食品安全性要求, 也表明了钦州市市场上售卖的马铃薯生长环境没有受到重金属污染。
虽然GB 2762—2022中规定食品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Sn、Ni、Cr的限值范围, 检测结果也均在限值以下, 但是有些重金属有检出, 人体如若长期摄入这些重金属, 还是会对人体造成不可逆转的损伤[14]。研究表明, Pb会对人体神经系统、消化系统及免疫系统造成不同程度的影响, 引起头痛、注意力不集中、易怒、记忆力丧失和迟钝[15-16], Cd进入人体后很难排出, 长期累积后侵害组织器官而出现细胞癌变、器官发育不完全等最终损害人体健康[17], Hg会破坏中枢神经系统[18], 具有遗传毒性和致癌潜力[19], 无机砷As和甲基Hg均是生物毒性元素, 影响人体的智力、体质和免疫功能, 对人体肝、肾等内脏的危害尤为严重[20], Cr具有生物毒性, 特别是六价铬具有相当强的氧化性, 造成皮肤过敏[21-22], 会对人体造成危害[23]。因此有必要评估其健康风险, 明确其安全性。
根据单因子污染指数计算, 结果如表2 数据显示所有样品中的Pb、Cd、总Hg、总As、Cr等5种重金属元素的单因子污染指数Pi值均小于0.7, 为优良等级。表明该市66批次市售马铃薯未受到重金属有害元素的污染。
根据内梅罗综合指数法计算, 评估结果表明, 所有样品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr等5种重金属的内梅罗综合指数值PN均小于0.7, 污染程度为安全级, 表明该市66批次市售马铃薯受到重金属污染为安全级。
为了评价无机元素对样品的分辨能力, 由于其中5种元素(Ni、Se、Sn、Sb、Hg)在本研究中未检出, 因此, 采用主成分分析法对66批次马铃薯样品22种无机元素含量进行降维因子处理分析, 以明确不同无机元素主成分的特征值及贡献率, 结果见表3。由表3可知, 以主成分的特征值大于1为选择依据[24], 得到5个主成分, 累计贡献率为78.970%, 表明这5个主成分代表的信息量较大, 能够说明样品之间的差异信息。
为进一步明确造成样品间差异的微量元素, 通过载荷因子筛选出能区别马铃薯样品的特征元素, 结果见表4。以因子载荷量大于0.6为选择标准[24], 从表4中可以得出, Li、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、As 8种无机元素在第一主成分中有较高正负荷值; Mg、K、Cu、Zn在第二主成分中有较高正负荷值; Na、Ca、Sr在第三主成分中均有较高正负荷值。因此, 可以预测Li、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、As、Mg、K、Cu、Zn、Na、Ca、Sr为区分这些马铃薯样品的特征无机元素。
为了挖掘样品间的相似性, 通过SPSS 22.0软件, 采用平均组间连接聚类方法[20]对66批次马铃薯样品中27中无机元素进行聚类, 结果见图1。当分类距离为10时, 66批次马铃薯样品可聚成两大类: 第一类为样品S58、S63、S51、S55、S27、S45、S12、S21、S49、S20、S4、S7、S52、S57、S61、S14、S37、S60、S64、S53、S47、S62、S13、S59、S56、S50、S5、S10; 第二类为样品S15、S35、S8、S34、S30、S6、S40、S19、S29、S2、S66、S26、S33、S48、S65、S25、S32、S28、S3、S54、S18、S36、S41、S44、S39、S31、S9、S1、S17、S42、S46、S22、S24、S43、S16、S23、S38、S11。结果表明, 马铃薯样品无机元素的含量可能与收购产地、生长环境等因素有关, 总体差别不大。
本研究结果表明, 在本次受试的马铃薯样品中, 其含有丰富的无机元素, 特别是Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu等元素含量较高, 其中人体必需常量元素Na: 7.50~458.20 mg/kg、Mg: 66.40~429.40 mg/kg、K: 1620.80~7397.60 mg/kg、Ca: 15.00~123.60 mg/kg; 而必需微量元素Mn: 0.46~5.16 mg/kg、Fe: 3.00~142.10 mg/kg、Cu: 0.24~1.12 mg/kg, 危害元素如Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr等含量均在安全限度范围。在人体必需元素中, Na可维持机体正常的渗透压和新陈代谢, 维持体内酸碱的平衡[25]; Mg能激活肌肉和神经, 增加身体能量, 消化蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪等[26]; K在维持体内渗透压、酸碱平衡、物质代谢等具有重要作用[27]; Ca能促进骨质的融合和发育, 有助于人体的骨骼生长发育[27]; Mn可增强蛋白质代谢, 影响糖代谢中若干酶的活性[28], 具有改善心脏及心肌的功能, 维持体内糖和脂肪的正常代谢[29], Fe具有维持红细胞代谢、辅助骨髓造血功能[28], 在体内主要参与氧的转运、交换和组织呼吸的过程[27]。实验结果表明, 马铃薯中含有丰富的人体必需的矿物质元素, 通过对马铃薯样品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr 5种重金属有害元素的安全性进行单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合指数法统计分析结果均表明受试马铃薯安全性良好。因此, 本次所有受试的马铃薯样品均为安全食品。此外, 通过SPSS 22.0 统计软件对本次66批次马铃薯样品进行数据统计分析, 主成分分析结果可以预测Li、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、As、Mg、K、Cu、Zn、Na、Ca、Sr为区分这些马铃薯样品的特征无机元素; 聚类结果分为两类。
食品中重金属污染是世界卫生组织重点关注的食品安全问题[30]。在食品安全问题特别是重金属污染日益受关注的当前, 做好食品安全检验检测意义重大。综上, 在本研究中, 该市市场上售卖的马铃薯危害元素含量很低、受污染程度低, 含量未超过GB 2762—2022的限量要求, 因此, 本次所有受试的马铃薯样品均为安全食品, 其生长环境没有受到重金属污染, 为市场监管提供数据参考。
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250123001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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    钦州市检验检测中心, 钦州 535000

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*何敏(1987—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全等方面研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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