Article(id=1216517522396987544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250303006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969979142, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969979142, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969979142, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969979142, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=222, endPage=231, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517524506722575, articleId=1216517522396987544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Optimization of extraction process, structural characterization and antioxidation activity of pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To optimize the mixed acid extraction process of pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel and evaluate the structure, and antioxidant properties of pectin. Methods Using Akebia trifoliate peel as raw material, which was extracted by the mixed acids hydrolysis. The effects of the types of inorganic acids, the volume ratio of the mixed acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, pH, extraction time and temperature were studied, and Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process parameters on the basis of single factor experiment. The structure of the peel pectin of Akebia trifoliate obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and its antioxidant activity was investigated. Results The optimal extraction conditions were: The volume ratio of the mixed acid [V(citric acid):V(sulfuric acid)] 2:1, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:30 (g:mL), pH value 1.0, extraction time 2.0 h and temperature 94 ℃, and the extraction rate reached 14.22%, which were about 1.24% and 4.17% increase compared with single sulfuric acid and citric acid, respectively. FT-IR showed that the absorption peaks of sulfuric acid and citric acid extraction of pectin (CSEP) were more consistent with its structural characteristics than sulfuric acid extraction of pectin (SEP) and citric acid extraction of pectin (CEP) at 1754 cm-1 and 1624 cm-1, and its content of galacturonic acid (81.94%) and degree of esterification (82.41%) more higher. CSEP own superior antioxidant biological activity, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for hydroxyl radical of CSEP was lower than that of commercial pectin (CP), which were 2.248 mg/mL and 4.114 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Using the mixed acid to extract pectin from Akebia trifoliata peel has good improved on extraction rate, content of galacturonic acid and antioxidant activity.

, correspAuthors=Zheng-Fang QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-Xuan ZHOU, Shu-Ming TAN, Rong-Rong ZHANG, Ya WANG, Zheng-Xiang LI, Wen-Song XIONG, Jun-Jie CHEN, Mo-Ru TONG, Yi-Chun SUN, Zheng-Fang QI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517532140356285, articleId=1216517522396987544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=八月瓜果皮果胶提取工艺优化、结构表征及抗氧化活性研究, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 优化八月瓜果皮果胶的混合酸提取工艺, 并评价果胶的结构特征和抗氧化活性。方法 以八月瓜果皮为原料, 采用混合酸提取八月瓜果皮果胶, 研究无机酸种类、混合酸比例、固液比、pH、提取时间和温度对果胶提取率的影响, 在单因素试验的基础上采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺参数, 采用紫外-可见分子吸收光谱法(ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)对最优提取条件得到的八月瓜果皮果胶进行结构表征, 并考察其抗氧化活性。结果 最佳提取条件为: 混合酸体积比[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]2:1、固液比1:30 (g:mL)、提取液pH 1.0、提取时间2.0 h、提取温度94 ℃, 在此条件下八月瓜果皮果胶提取率最高, 可达到14.22%, 比硫酸、柠檬酸单一提取分别增加1.24%、4.17%。FT-IR显示混合酸提取的果胶(citric acid and sulfuric acid extraction of pectin, CSEP), 较硫酸提取果胶(sulfuric acid extraction of pectin, SEP)和柠檬酸提取果胶(citric acid extraction of pectin, CEP)吸收峰在1754 cm-1和1624 cm-1处更符合其结构特征, 具有较高的半乳糖醛酸含量(81.94%)和酯化度(82.41%), CSEP比商业果胶(commercial pectin, CP)的羟基自由基半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50)更低, 分别为2.248 mg/mL、4.114 mg/mL。结论 采用混合酸提取的八月瓜果皮果胶提取率、半乳糖醛酸含量和体外抗氧化性都得到改善。

, correspAuthors=漆正方, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*漆正方(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为天然产物开发及利用研究。E-mail:
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周宏炫(1996—), 女, 硕士, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为天然产物开发及利用研究。E-mail:

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周宏炫(1996—), 女, 硕士, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为天然产物开发及利用研究。E-mail:

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DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbomac.2023.125712, articleTitle=Spontaneous gelation behaviors and mechanism of Ficus awkeotsang Makino pectin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127916568236547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=8, pageStart=3363, pageEnd=3371, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=39, authorNames=MAJID M, FALLAH-JOSHAQAN S, DALVI-ISFAHAN M, journalName=Journal of Polymers and the Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAJID M, FALLAH-JOSHAQAN S, DALVI-ISFAHAN M, et al. Comparison of conventional and microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from watermelon rind[J]. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 2023, 31(8): 3363-3371., articleTitle=Comparison of conventional and microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from watermelon rind, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127916761174545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=18, issue=5, pageStart=3827, pageEnd=3838, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=40, authorNames=ALDEMIR H, KAMILOGLU A, ÇAKIR Ö, journalName=Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALDEMIR H, KAMILOGLU A, ÇAKIR Ö. Optimization of pectin extraction from crab apple peel and usage in a model meat emulsion system[J]. 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DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113203., articleTitle=Antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities of pectin isolated from citrus canning processing water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127917017027106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=262, issue=2, pageStart=117925, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=43, authorNames=NING X, LIU Y, JIA M, journalName=Carbohydrate Polymer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NING X, LIU Y, JIA M, et al. Pectic polysaccharides from Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis exhibit significant antioxidant effects[J]. 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注: 不同小写字母表示组间具有显著性差异, P<0.05。图24同。

, figureFileSmall=TNKGlA0QqLK2QhSIBJiy2w==, figureFileBig=3kN+hV0m6PmVpSAM+/RupA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127906787119162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different factors on the extraction ratio of pectin, figureFileSmall=faupkhhOkZvo0kCLUU5fQQ==, figureFileBig=UYe8QUuZb5IIyh4kCpRxTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127906908753987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同因素对果胶提取率的影响, figureFileSmall=faupkhhOkZvo0kCLUU5fQQ==, figureFileBig=UYe8QUuZb5IIyh4kCpRxTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907055554635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Response surface plot and contour plots illustrating the effects of the interaction of the 2 factors on the extraction ratio of pectin, figureFileSmall=etczAm+K56R+CLya0kkwJQ==, figureFileBig=JrTB4lpr434mS/fKAZ1Dqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907198160980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=图3, caption=两因素的交互作用对果胶提取率影响的响应面图和等高线图, figureFileSmall=etczAm+K56R+CLya0kkwJQ==, figureFileBig=JrTB4lpr434mS/fKAZ1Dqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907315601499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of pectin extraction ratio, figureFileSmall=uJ4aI6pKQB2vH43ixL2KYg==, figureFileBig=Z2f2vh/Q374rO9ShGTX4eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907403681889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=图4, caption=果胶提取率对比, figureFileSmall=uJ4aI6pKQB2vH43ixL2KYg==, figureFileBig=Z2f2vh/Q374rO9ShGTX4eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907487567975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=UV-vis spectra of CSEP, SEP and CEP, figureFileSmall=ocsVKipCCBYH+spMlLFaqA==, figureFileBig=Id7KVwGYLSJryndahOrJSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907630174317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CSEP、SEP、CEP的UV-vis图, figureFileSmall=ocsVKipCCBYH+spMlLFaqA==, figureFileBig=Id7KVwGYLSJryndahOrJSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907743420529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=FT-IR spectra of CSEP, SEP and CEP, figureFileSmall=dUrZRukAIOwu3wSmj++qgw==, figureFileBig=zfuo8kDcbEurq5PMFvb6AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127907890221180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=图6, caption=CSEP、SEP、CEP红外光谱图, figureFileSmall=dUrZRukAIOwu3wSmj++qgw==, figureFileBig=zfuo8kDcbEurq5PMFvb6AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908011856007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Scavenging ability of CSEP, SEP CEP and CP for ABTS cationic radicals and hydroxyl radicals, figureFileSmall=uXryKmURjlobIyU+rk1TZQ==, figureFileBig=bsqOQDzoSmB2fETvPXpwKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908112519311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CSEP、SEP、CEP、CP对ABTS阳离子自由基、羟基自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=uXryKmURjlobIyU+rk1TZQ==, figureFileBig=bsqOQDzoSmB2fETvPXpwKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908238348445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor level of response surface test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 A: 混合酸比例(mL:mL) B: 时间/h C: 温度/℃
-1 1:1 1.5 90
0 2:1 2.0 95
1 3:1 2.5 97
), ArticleFig(id=1217127908364177572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

响应面试验因素水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 A: 混合酸比例(mL:mL) B: 时间/h C: 温度/℃
-1 1:1 1.5 90
0 2:1 2.0 95
1 3:1 2.5 97
), ArticleFig(id=1217127908519366830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Design and results of response surface test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 果胶提取率/%
试验号 A: 混合酸比(mL:mL) B: 提取
时间/h
C: 提取温度
/℃
试验值 预测值
1 2 2.0 93.5 13.81 14.05
2 3 1.5 93.5 9.89 9.86
3 1 1.5 93.5 9.13 9.14
4 2 2.0 93.5 14.13 14.05
5 3 2.0 90.0 10.33 10.48
6 2 2.0 93.5 14.12 14.05
7 2 2.0 93.5 14.21 14.05
8 1 2.0 97.0 13.47 13.33
9 2 2.0 93.5 13.97 14.05
10 1 2.0 90.0 9.07 9.18
11 2 2.5 97.0 14.51 14.63
12 3 2.0 97.0 13.85 13.75
13 2 1.5 97.0 13.69 13.82
14 2 1.5 90.0 9.91 9.79
15 3 2.5 93.5 11.14 11.13
16 1 2.5 93.5 10.10 10.13
17 2 2.5 90.0 11.37 11.24
), ArticleFig(id=1217127908649390264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 果胶提取率/%
试验号 A: 混合酸比(mL:mL) B: 提取
时间/h
C: 提取温度
/℃
试验值 预测值
1 2 2.0 93.5 13.81 14.05
2 3 1.5 93.5 9.89 9.86
3 1 1.5 93.5 9.13 9.14
4 2 2.0 93.5 14.13 14.05
5 3 2.0 90.0 10.33 10.48
6 2 2.0 93.5 14.12 14.05
7 2 2.0 93.5 14.21 14.05
8 1 2.0 97.0 13.47 13.33
9 2 2.0 93.5 13.97 14.05
10 1 2.0 90.0 9.07 9.18
11 2 2.5 97.0 14.51 14.63
12 3 2.0 97.0 13.85 13.75
13 2 1.5 97.0 13.69 13.82
14 2 1.5 90.0 9.91 9.79
15 3 2.5 93.5 11.14 11.13
16 1 2.5 93.5 10.10 10.13
17 2 2.5 90.0 11.37 11.24
), ArticleFig(id=1217127908762636479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of variance for response surface quadratic model for the extraction rate of pectin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P
模型 68.33 9 7.59 231.8 <0.0001**
A 1.48 1 40.410 45.11 0.0003**
B 2.53 1 4.200 77.20 <0.0001**
C 27.53 1 14.690 839.53 <0.0001**
AB 0.0196 1 0.100 0.5977 0.4647
AC 0.1936 1 1.040 5.90 0.0454*
BC 0.1024 1 0.480 3.12 0.1205
A2 22.99 1 40.230 701.01 <0.0001**
B2 11.41 1 2.010 348.11 <0.0001**
C2 0.0042 1 0.180 0.1274 0.7316
残差 0.2295 7 0.120
失拟项 0.1286 3 0.220 1.70 0.3037
纯误差 0.1009 4 0.043
总变异 68.56 16
标准差 0.1811 R2 0.9967
均值 12.16 校正R2 0.9923
变异系数/% 1.49 预测R2 0.9677
), ArticleFig(id=1217127908901048520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

果胶提取率响应值二次模型的方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P
模型 68.33 9 7.59 231.8 <0.0001**
A 1.48 1 40.410 45.11 0.0003**
B 2.53 1 4.200 77.20 <0.0001**
C 27.53 1 14.690 839.53 <0.0001**
AB 0.0196 1 0.100 0.5977 0.4647
AC 0.1936 1 1.040 5.90 0.0454*
BC 0.1024 1 0.480 3.12 0.1205
A2 22.99 1 40.230 701.01 <0.0001**
B2 11.41 1 2.010 348.11 <0.0001**
C2 0.0042 1 0.180 0.1274 0.7316
残差 0.2295 7 0.120
失拟项 0.1286 3 0.220 1.70 0.3037
纯误差 0.1009 4 0.043
总变异 68.56 16
标准差 0.1811 R2 0.9967
均值 12.16 校正R2 0.9923
变异系数/% 1.49 预测R2 0.9677
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909005906126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Physicochemical indexes of pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 半乳糖醛酸 酯化度
GB 25533—2010 ≥65 ≥50(高酯)
CEP 71.55±0.21c 73.01±0.32c
SEP 79.23±0.28b 80.67±0.12b
CSEP 81.94±0.43a 82.41±0.35a
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909135929559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517522396987544, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

八月瓜果皮果胶理化指标(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 半乳糖醛酸 酯化度
GB 25533—2010 ≥65 ≥50(高酯)
CEP 71.55±0.21c 73.01±0.32c
SEP 79.23±0.28b 80.67±0.12b
CSEP 81.94±0.43a 82.41±0.35a
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八月瓜果皮果胶提取工艺优化、结构表征及抗氧化活性研究
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周宏炫 1, 2 , 谭书明 3, 4 , 张容榕 1 , 王娅 2 , 李正香 1 , 熊文松 1 , 陈隽杰 1 , 佟沫儒 1 , 孙宜春 1 , 漆正方 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(15): 222-231
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(15): 222-231
八月瓜果皮果胶提取工艺优化、结构表征及抗氧化活性研究
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周宏炫1, 2 , 谭书明3, 4, 张容榕1, 王娅2, 李正香1, 熊文松1, 陈隽杰1, 佟沫儒1, 孙宜春1, 漆正方1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 国药集团同济堂(贵州)制药有限公司, 贵阳 550025
  • 2 国药集团贵州大健康产业发展有限公司, 贵阳 550025
  • 3 贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院, 贵阳 550025
  • 4 贵州省刺梨研究院, 贵阳 550025
  • 周宏炫(1996—), 女, 硕士, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为天然产物开发及利用研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*漆正方(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为天然产物开发及利用研究。E-mail:
Optimization of extraction process, structural characterization and antioxidation activity of pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel
Hong-Xuan ZHOU1, 2 , Shu-Ming TAN3, 4, Rong-Rong ZHANG1, Ya WANG2, Zheng-Xiang LI1, Wen-Song XIONG1, Jun-Jie CHEN1, Mo-Ru TONG1, Yi-Chun SUN1, Zheng-Fang QI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Sinopharm Group Tongjitang (Guizhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2 Sinopharm Guizhou Healthcare Industry Development Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China
  • 3 College of Brewery and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 4 Guizhou Rosa Roxburghii Research Institute, Guiyang 550025, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250303006
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目的 优化八月瓜果皮果胶的混合酸提取工艺, 并评价果胶的结构特征和抗氧化活性。方法 以八月瓜果皮为原料, 采用混合酸提取八月瓜果皮果胶, 研究无机酸种类、混合酸比例、固液比、pH、提取时间和温度对果胶提取率的影响, 在单因素试验的基础上采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺参数, 采用紫外-可见分子吸收光谱法(ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)对最优提取条件得到的八月瓜果皮果胶进行结构表征, 并考察其抗氧化活性。结果 最佳提取条件为: 混合酸体积比[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]2:1、固液比1:30 (g:mL)、提取液pH 1.0、提取时间2.0 h、提取温度94 ℃, 在此条件下八月瓜果皮果胶提取率最高, 可达到14.22%, 比硫酸、柠檬酸单一提取分别增加1.24%、4.17%。FT-IR显示混合酸提取的果胶(citric acid and sulfuric acid extraction of pectin, CSEP), 较硫酸提取果胶(sulfuric acid extraction of pectin, SEP)和柠檬酸提取果胶(citric acid extraction of pectin, CEP)吸收峰在1754 cm-1和1624 cm-1处更符合其结构特征, 具有较高的半乳糖醛酸含量(81.94%)和酯化度(82.41%), CSEP比商业果胶(commercial pectin, CP)的羟基自由基半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50)更低, 分别为2.248 mg/mL、4.114 mg/mL。结论 采用混合酸提取的八月瓜果皮果胶提取率、半乳糖醛酸含量和体外抗氧化性都得到改善。

八月瓜果皮果胶  /  混合酸  /  工艺优化  /  结构表征  /  抗氧化活性

Objective To optimize the mixed acid extraction process of pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel and evaluate the structure, and antioxidant properties of pectin. Methods Using Akebia trifoliate peel as raw material, which was extracted by the mixed acids hydrolysis. The effects of the types of inorganic acids, the volume ratio of the mixed acid, solid-to-liquid ratio, pH, extraction time and temperature were studied, and Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process parameters on the basis of single factor experiment. The structure of the peel pectin of Akebia trifoliate obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and its antioxidant activity was investigated. Results The optimal extraction conditions were: The volume ratio of the mixed acid [V(citric acid):V(sulfuric acid)] 2:1, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:30 (g:mL), pH value 1.0, extraction time 2.0 h and temperature 94 ℃, and the extraction rate reached 14.22%, which were about 1.24% and 4.17% increase compared with single sulfuric acid and citric acid, respectively. FT-IR showed that the absorption peaks of sulfuric acid and citric acid extraction of pectin (CSEP) were more consistent with its structural characteristics than sulfuric acid extraction of pectin (SEP) and citric acid extraction of pectin (CEP) at 1754 cm-1 and 1624 cm-1, and its content of galacturonic acid (81.94%) and degree of esterification (82.41%) more higher. CSEP own superior antioxidant biological activity, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for hydroxyl radical of CSEP was lower than that of commercial pectin (CP), which were 2.248 mg/mL and 4.114 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion Using the mixed acid to extract pectin from Akebia trifoliata peel has good improved on extraction rate, content of galacturonic acid and antioxidant activity.

pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel  /  mixed acid  /  process optimization  /  structural characterization  /  antioxidant activity
周宏炫, 谭书明, 张容榕, 王娅, 李正香, 熊文松, 陈隽杰, 佟沫儒, 孙宜春, 漆正方. 八月瓜果皮果胶提取工艺优化、结构表征及抗氧化活性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250303006
Hong-Xuan ZHOU, Shu-Ming TAN, Rong-Rong ZHANG, Ya WANG, Zheng-Xiang LI, Wen-Song XIONG, Jun-Jie CHEN, Mo-Ru TONG, Yi-Chun SUN, Zheng-Fang QI. Optimization of extraction process, structural characterization and antioxidation activity of pectin from Akebia trifoliate peel[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250303006
果胶是一种主要存在于高等植物细胞壁和细胞间层的酸性多糖, 由半乳糖醛酸聚糖(homogalacturonan, HG)、鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖第I型(rhamnogalacturonan type I, RG-I)和第II型(rhamnogalacturonan type II, RG-II)结构域组成[1], HG是果胶的主要结构, 约占果胶的65%, 由α-1,4-糖苷键连接的半乳糖醛酸组成[2]。果胶具有多种生物活性, 如抗肿瘤、抗氧化、促进伤口愈合、促进胃肠蠕动、降低胆固醇、抗炎症等[3-4]。果胶通常用作果酱、果冻、水果制剂、果汁、甜点和发酵乳制品中的凝胶和稳定剂, 也可作为可食用和可生物降解的薄膜、生物医学植入材料和药物输送材料[5]。目前, 商业果胶(commercial pectin, CP)通常来源于柑橘皮、苹果渣、葵花籽和甜菜根[6]
八月瓜, 又称三叶木通[Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.) Koidz.], 为木通科木通属落叶木质藤本植物, 以药用名预知子收录于现行《中国药典》中[7], 所含化学成分包括三萜类、氨基酸类、黄酮类、苷类、迷萜类、有机酸类等[5], 具有消炎、消肿、抗氧化、抗癌等药用功效[8]。因其形似香蕉, 果皮成熟时期由绿色转变为紫色[9], 果实呈乳白色, 口感甘甜味糯, 故民间又称“野香蕉”。但八月瓜的可食率较低, 其鲜果皮占果实总重量的60%~70%, 且通常在食用后被丢弃而造成资源浪费和环境污染。张孟琴等[10]发现, 八月瓜果皮中营养成分较高, 其中蛋白质为8.16%、还原糖为19.31%、总糖为32.61%, 而果皮中果胶含量可达到20.08%左右, 是提取果胶的优质原料。
果胶提取方法包括酸提醇沉法、酶解法、超声或微波辅助提取法等[11-14], 其中酸提醇沉法因其成本低、易于产业化而被广泛应用, 其提取剂主要为硫酸、盐酸、柠檬酸等, 单一酸提取不易溶出果胶, 果胶得率欠佳。李雪峰等[15]采用稀盐酸提取八月瓜果胶, 提取率为7.11%。石兵艳等[16]以盐酸作提取剂加超声辅助提取八月瓜果胶, 提取率提升至8.924%。李加兴等[17]采用硫酸提取八月瓜果胶, 获得较高提取率12.15%。无机酸具有极强的酸性和腐蚀性, 可破坏果皮组织, 对所得果胶结构有破坏, 采用螯合性良好的柠檬酸可弥补这一不足。KERMANIZ等[18]分别以盐酸和柠檬酸作为提取剂提取八月瓜果胶, 发现柠檬酸比盐酸更具有增溶效果, 所得果胶酯化度(76.64%)比盐酸所得果胶酯化度(59.46%)高出17.18%, 是由于柠檬酸对果胶的去酯化作用较小所致。无机酸提取果胶可得到较高的得率, 也会促使果胶链解聚而破坏分离出来的果胶的理化性质[18]; 与强无机酸相比, 柠檬酸的水解能力较低, 能减少果胶链的解聚, 将无机酸与柠檬酸混合使用, 其提取率和酯化度可能得到改善。因此, 本研究筛选无机酸与有机柠檬酸混合提取八月瓜果皮果胶, 经单因素实验、响应面法优化提取工艺后, 以果胶提取率为指标, 与单一硫酸、柠檬酸提取剂进行对比, 对所得果胶进行紫外-可见分子吸收光谱法(ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, UV-Vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FT-IR)表征, 评价其半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度和抗氧化能力, 为八月瓜产业的综合开发和利用提供科学依据。
干燥八月瓜果皮: 原料由贵州柯康俐生物科技股份有限公司提供。
果胶(半乳糖醛酸干基计≥74%)、2,2'-联氨-双-(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二氨盐(2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS)(纯度≥98%)、咔唑(分析纯)[阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司]; 半乳糖醛酸(纯度≥98%, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 柠檬酸、硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、硝酸、无水乙醇[分析纯, 重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司]; 酚酞指示剂、氢氧化钠、水杨酸、双氧水、硫酸镁(分析纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司)。
Agilent Cary 630傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); UV2450紫外可见分光光度计(日本岛津仪器有限公司); SpectraMax M4多功能酶标仪[美谷分子仪器(上海)有限公司]; FD-1A-50冷冻干燥机(上海豫明仪器有限公司); YR-500A多功能粉碎机(永康市五瑞工贸有限公司); HH-600数显恒温水浴箱(金坛区西城新瑞仪器厂); WT-C2002电子天平(精密度0.01 g, 杭州万特衡器有限公司); WP-RO-40B超纯水机(四川沃特尔水处理设备有限公司)。
称取干净八月瓜果皮50 g在800 W微波中灭菌1 min, 烘干粉碎至40目放于1000 mL烧杯中, 加20倍超纯水, 在20 ℃下, 浸泡60 min, 重复洗涤5次, 直至滤液无色并在Molish反应中显示无糖为止, 60 ℃下烘干, 粉碎过40目筛网, 收集八月瓜果皮粉末备用。
分别称取处理好的果皮粉10.0 g, 分别加入pH为1.5的盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸溶液中, 以固液比1:30 (g:mL)加至500 mL烧杯中, 搅拌至无团状, 在90 ℃水浴中搅拌提取2 h, 趁热过滤, 待滤液冷却至室温, 每100 mL提取液加入0.8 g活性炭, 在65 ℃下水浴中脱色25 min, 用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液调节pH至3.5, 按体积比1:1加入95%乙醇, 静置醇沉2 h, 120目筛网过滤, 无水乙醇洗涤3次, 冷冻干燥12 h, 分别得到盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸提取样品盐酸提取果胶(hydrochloric acid extraction of pectin, HEP)、硫酸提取果胶(sulfuric acid extraction of pectin, SEP)、硝酸提取果胶(nitric acid extraction of pectin, NEP)、磷酸提取(phosphoric acid extraction of pectin, PEP), 其果胶提取率计算公式见式(1):
w/%=$\frac{m}{M}$×100%
式中: w为果胶提取率; m为提取得到的果胶重量, g; M为待提取果皮粉重量, g。
根据无机酸种类筛选结果, 确定混合酸为硫酸+柠檬酸, 按上述方法提取混合酸提取果胶(citric acid and sulfuric acid extraction of pectin, CSEP), 固定固液比为1:30 (g:mL)、pH 1.5、提取时间2 h、提取温度90 ℃, 考察混合酸比例[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]分别为0:1、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1 (mL:mL)时对果胶提取率的影响; 固定混合酸比例[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]为2:1、pH 1.5、提取时间2h、提取温度90 ℃, 考察固液比为1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50 (g:mL)时对果胶提取率的影响; 固定混合酸比例[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]为2:1、固液比为1:30 (g:mL)、提取时间2 h、提取温度90 ℃, 考察提取液pH为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5时对果胶提取率的影响; 固定混合酸比例[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]为2:1、固液比为1:30 (g:mL)、pH 1.0、提取温度90 ℃, 考察提取时间为1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 h时对果胶提取率的影响; 固定混合酸比例[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)]为2:1、固液比为1:30 (g:mL)、pH 1.0、提取时间为2 h, 考察提取温度为(80、85、90、95、97 ℃, 地区大气压导致水温97 ℃达到沸腾)对果胶提取率的影响。实验重复3次, 取平均值。
基于单因素试验结果, 采用3因素3水平的试验设计, 以对八月瓜果皮果胶提取率影响较高的3个因素: 混合酸比例(A)、时间(B)、温度(C)为主要考察对象, 以果胶提取率为主要指标。试验因素与水平见表1
按照1.3.2方法提取柠檬酸提取果胶(citric acid extraction of pectin, CEP)后, 各称取1 mg CEP、SEP、CSEP粉末溶于25 mL超纯水, 以超纯水为参比, 在200~800 nm处进行UV-Vis扫描。采用溴化钾压片对CEP、SEP、CSEP干燥粉末进行FT-IR表征, 波数范围为4000~400 cm-1
(1)半乳糖醛酸含量测定
以咔唑硫酸法测定半乳糖醛酸。配制质量浓度为100 μg/mL半乳糖醛酸标准溶液, 分别吸取0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL于25 mL具塞管中, 超纯水定容1.0 mL, 然后沿壁缓慢加入6 mL 浓硫酸溶液, 充分摇匀, 沸水加热20 min, 取出冷却至室温, 各加0.2 mL 1.5 g/L咔唑-乙醇溶液混合均匀, 在暗处放置30 min, 在530 nm处测定吸光度值, 以半乳糖醛酸质量浓度为横坐标(c, μg/mL), 吸光度值为纵坐标(A)绘制标准曲线, 得标准曲线方程A=1.6111c+0.0198 (r2=0.9994)。称取CEP、SEP、CSEP果胶样品各0.05 g配制成0.10 g/L果胶溶液, 取1 mL果胶溶液, 按上述步骤测定吸光值; 每个样品作3组平行, 半乳糖醛酸含量计算公式见式(2):
W/%=$\frac{cV}{M}$×100%
式中: W为半乳糖醛酸含量; c为待测液半乳糖醛酸质量浓度, μg/mL; V为待测液体积, mL; M为待测果胶质量, g。
(2)酯化度测定
参考李加兴等[17]方法, 分别称取CEP、SEP、CSEP 0.05 g于500 mL锥形瓶中, 加入100 mL水, 滴加酚酞指示剂, 用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液滴定至溶液呈浅粉色为滴定终点, 记录消耗的NaOH溶液体积为V1。再加入0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液70 mL, 搅拌15 min后, 加入0.5 mol/L盐酸20 mL, 搅拌至粉红色消失。再次滴加酚酞指示剂, 用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液滴定至出现粉红色为终点。记录消耗的NaOH溶液体积为V2(皂化滴定值)。平行3次, 酯化度计算公式见式(3):
DE/%=$\frac{{V}_{2}}{{V}_{1}+{V}_{2}}$×100%
式中: DE为酯化度; V1为样品的初始滴定体积, mL; V2为样品溶液的皂化滴定体积, mL。
(1) ABTS自由基清除率测定
参考SARIKURKCU等[19]的方法略作修改。配制7.4 mmol/L ABTS储备液、2.6 mmol/L过硫酸钾储备液各50 mL, 分别量取25 mL定容至50 mL, 调整避光反应时间为12 h得到ABTS工作母液, 4 ℃保存。取10 mL ABTS工作母液超纯水稀释50倍, 避光反应30 min后得ABTS工作液, 在734 nm波长处的吸光度为(0.70±0.02)备用, 样品溶剂作空白。吸取2 mL ABTS工作液、1 mL样品溶剂作对照组A0, 2 mL ABTS工作液、1 mL不同浓度样品溶液作实验组A, 平行实验3组, 室温静置6 min后, 在734 nm波长处测定吸光度, 计算公式见式(4):
ABTS阳离子自由基清除率/%=$\frac{{A}_{0}-A}{{A}_{0}}$×100%
式中: A0为样品溶剂在734 nm波长处的吸光度; A为样品溶液在734 nm波长处的吸光度。
(2)羟基自由基测定
水杨酸-比色法测定羟基自由基清除率, 参照王雅楠等[20]的方法。依次吸取1 mL 9 mmol/L硫酸铁溶液、1 mL 9 mmol/L水杨酸-乙醇溶液、1 mL不同浓度样品溶液, 充分摇匀, 加入1 mL 8.8 mmol/L H2O2溶液, 37 ℃水浴15 min, 于510 nm处测定吸光度A, 平行3次。超纯水代替H2O2溶液作空白组A0, 超纯水代替样品溶液作对照组A1。计算公式见式(5):
羟基自由基清除率/%=$\frac{{A}_{0}+{A}_{1}-A}{{A}_{1}}$×100%
式中: A0为不加显色剂的吸光值; A为加样品的吸光值; A1为空白对照的吸光值。
采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法进行实验设计, 并进行数据分析。实验数据运用方差分析进行显著性分析, 置信区间为95%。选用Descriptive Statistics功能计算数据的统计量, 并绘制相应的图表。本研究中实验结果以平均值±标准偏差表示, 实验重复3次, 取平均值。
不同类型的酸化剂对于八月瓜果皮果胶提取率的影响如图1所示。果胶提取率从高到低依次为SEP (8.74%)>HEP (7.28%)>NEP (6.48%)>PEP (5.66%), 可见果胶提取过程中, 不同酸的破坏强度存在差异‌, 相较盐酸、硝酸和磷酸, 硫酸的酸性更强, 提取的果胶得率也更高。与文献[21]对比硫酸、盐酸和硝酸提取芹菜茎中果胶所得结果一致。故选取硫酸与柠檬酸混合提取八月瓜果皮果胶。
图2A可知, 当只有硫酸溶液时, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率为8.61%; 添加柠檬酸后提取率呈现上升趋势, 柠檬酸含量增加为硫酸的1至2倍时, 果胶提取率逐渐增大, 2倍时, 峰值达到10.56%; 柠檬酸含量再增加, 果胶提取率出现下降。这可能是柠檬酸与果胶有结合作用, 使果胶更容易从果皮中溶出[18], 柠檬酸过多使硫酸的酸解作用减弱, 果皮受到保护, 从而抑制果胶的溶出。
图2B可知, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率在固液比1:10~1:30 (g:mL)时呈增大趋势, 最高值达到10.51%。在固液比1:30 (g:mL)之后, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率出现下降趋势。原因可能是溶剂增加到1:30 (g:mL)时, 促进水溶性果胶的溶出; 而溶剂量过高时, 溶液中的果胶被稀释, 导致醇沉不完全, 使得果胶提取率下降。
图2C可知, 随着pH的增加, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率先上升后下降, pH为0.5时, 果胶被部分降解, pH为1.0时, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率达到峰值, 为11.76%。说明合适的H+可以促进原果胶转化为水溶性果胶; 后随着提取液pH进一步增大, 酸性减弱, 果胶的溶出度随之降低。
图2D可知, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率在提取时间1.0~2.0 h时呈增大趋势, 提取时间为2.0 h时, 果胶提取率达到最高, 为12.25%。在2.0 h之后, 果皮中的色素等其他物质也可能逐渐溶出, 且果胶溶解时间过长, 导致部分降解。
图2E可知, 随着提取温度在80~97 ℃范围内的升高, 八月瓜果皮果胶提取率呈明显上升趋势, 说明温度对果胶的提取影响较大。在95 ℃时的果胶提取率为14.14%, 95 ℃之后, 果胶提取率增加趋缓, 为节省能源, 故采用95 ℃作为提取温度。温度对八月瓜果皮果胶提取率影响也较大。
综上所述, 通过上述5种单因素考察显示混合酸比例、提取时间和温度影响较大。因此设A: 混合酸比例(1:1, 2:1, 3:1, mL:mL)、B: 时间(1.5、2.0、2.5 h)、C: 温度(90.0、93.5、97.0 ℃)为主要考察对象, 进行响应面试验设计。
响应面试验设计及结果见表2, Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对各组处理得到的果胶提取率进行二次回归分析, 建立多元二次响应面回归模型: Y=14.05+0.43A+0.5625B+ 1.86C+0.07AB-0.22AC-0.16BC-2.34A2-1.65B2-0.0315C2, 由回归方程的一次项变量系数可知, 各因素主效应关系为A>B>C, 即混合酸比例>提取时间>提取温度。
方差分析见表3。由表3可知, 该模型F=231.54, P=0.0001 (<0.05), 说明模型极显著。相关系数R2=0.9967, 与校正R2值接近, 表明99.67%的响应面变化可以通过拟合模型来解释, 预测值与实际值存在较高相关性。回归方程的系数检验表明, ABCA2B2对果胶提取率的影响极显著, AC对果胶提取率的影响显著, 而ABBCC2果胶提取率的影响不显著。
图3可看出, 果胶提取率的最大值在中间点处出现, 该模型的最大值存在稳定点。通过模型优化后, 八月瓜果皮果胶的最佳提取条件为: 混合酸比例[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)] 2:1 (mL:mL)、提取时间2.0 h、温度93.5 ℃、固液比1:30 (g:mL)、pH 1.0, 该预测果胶提取率为14.018%。考虑到实际情况, 将最佳提取条件调整为混合酸比例2:1 (mL:mL)、提取时间2.0 h、温度94 ℃、固液比1:30 (g:mL)、pH 1.0。该条件下以柠檬酸、硫酸以及混合酸作为提取剂, 重复3次试验。
图4中可以看出, 响应面优化条件下得到CSEP提取率平均值为14.22%, 与模型预测提取率(14.05%)基本相符, 其中相比SEP (12.98%)、CEP (10.05%), 分别增加1.24%、4.17%。由此, 提取率从高到低为CSEP>SEP>CEP, 说明该模型对于八月瓜果皮果胶提取工艺具有可行性。
图5是CSEP、SEP、CEP的紫外光谱图, 图6是CSEP、SEP、CEP红外光谱图。从图5可知, CEP、SEP、CSEP的紫外图谱趋势基本一致, 于202 nm波长处存在最大吸收峰, 符合果胶的特征吸收峰, 且在210~220、260、280 nm处未见有多肽、核酸和蛋白质的吸收峰, 说明3种果胶中杂质少[22]。从图6可知, CEP、SEP、CSEP在3300~3500 cm-1处未出现双峰说明果胶中无蛋白, 与紫外光谱结果一致, CSEP在3358 cm-1处较宽、较强的吸收峰是其结构中少量O-H键的伸缩振动, 在2925 cm-1处的吸收峰是C-H键的伸缩振动, CSEP在1754、1624、1412 cm-1处的吸收峰更强, 为—COO—键的对称伸缩振动, 分别表示该果胶中被酯化和游离的羧基更多, 在1300~800 cm-1处的吸收峰为果胶分子的指纹区, 1069 cm-1处强的吸收峰为糖苷键C-O-C键的弯曲振动峰, CSEP果胶样品与文献[23]果胶谱图基本吻合。
果胶HG区中半乳糖醛酸的羧基会部分甲氧基酯化(—COOCH3), 由酯化度可分为低酯果胶和高酯果胶, 果胶的酯化度对其凝胶强度有显著影响[1]。参照GB 25533—2010《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂 果胶》标准, 酯化度≥50%的果胶为高酯果胶, 如柑橘、甜菜果胶等可用于凝胶果糖、果酱和果冻中[24-27]; 从无花果、西瓜皮中酸法提取的果胶大多为低酯果胶[28-30], 适用于酸奶、饮料、果汁等。从表4中可以看出, 果胶半乳糖醛酸含量从高到低依次为CSEP>SEP>CEP, SEP、CEP酯化度分别为(79.23±0.28)%、(71.55±0.21)%, 相比CEP、SEP果胶, 混合酸提取果胶CSEP的半乳糖醛酸含量和酯化度更高, 分别达到(81.94±0.43)%、(82.41±0.35)%, 这一现象与SEN等[30]采用双酸提取大蒜果胶结果一致。可见, 与单一有机酸或无机酸提取相比, 混合酸提取得到的果胶半乳糖醛酸含量更高, 且为甲氧基较高的果胶。
图7是CSEP、SEP、CEP的ABTS阳离子自由基、羟基自由基清除能力随着浓度的变化关系图。从图7A可知, 4种果胶对ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率显示出浓度依赖性, 其中CSEP的清除率最大, 其质量浓度为5 mg/mL时抑制率为54.89%, 比CP高出40%。半数抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50)值越低, 果胶对ABTS阳离子自由基的抑制强度越高。CSEP、SEP、CEP及CP的IC50值分别为3.668、9.778、54.289、121.858 mg/mL, 可见, CSEP清除ABTS阳离子自由基的能力最强。
图7B可知, 羟基自由基清除率与果胶浓度呈量效关系, 且清除能力均较好。CSEP、SEP、CEP及CP的IC50值分别为2.248、2.953、3.571、4.114 mg/mL, 4种果胶的羟基自由基清除能力从高到低依次为CSEP>SEP>CEP>CP, 与其半乳糖醛酸含量顺序相同, 这一现象与WANG等[31]实验结果一致, 半乳糖醛酸含量越高的果胶, 其羟基清除能力越强, 可能因为半乳糖醛酸含量高的果胶具有更多的亲电基团(羧基), 加速了O-H键中氢的释放。
本研究采用混合酸-响应面法对八月瓜果皮果胶进行提取。在混合酸体积比[V(柠檬酸):V(硫酸)] 2.0:1 (mL:mL)、固液比1:30 (g:mL)、pH 1.0、时间2.0 h、温度94 ℃最优条件下, 果胶提取率达到14.22%。目前国内混合酸提取果胶报道较少, 比文献[16-17]盐酸、硫酸提取法分别提高5.30%、2.07%。CSEP结构特征向有益变化, 半乳糖醛酸含量、酯化度较高, 分别为81.94%、82.41%。
抗氧化实验结果表明, CSEP的ABTS阳离子自由基、羟基自由基清除能力优于CP, ABTS阳离子自由基、羟基自由基IC50值分别为3.668 mg/mL、2.248 mg/mL。硫酸与柠檬酸有机结合使得果胶半乳糖醛酸含量提高, 其抗氧化能力也得以提升。NING等[32]同样发现具高半乳糖醛酸残基和HG结构域的苦参果胶多糖对不同自由基的清除能力表现出更强的抗氧化活性, 表明果胶的酯化程度对其抗氧化活性有显著影响。
本研究中CEP、SEP和CSEP都显现出一定的抗氧化性, 八月瓜果皮果胶的抗氧化活性与其HG、RG-I和RG-II结构域间的协同作用有关, 而不同酸法提取的CEP、SEP和CSEP半乳糖醛酸含量和结构域的甲基酯化程度导致其抗氧化活性存在显著差异。八月瓜果皮果胶中不同结构域的结构差异对其抗氧化活性的影响是值得进一步探索的方向。此外, 八月瓜果皮中抗氧化的潜在成分丰富, 包括多酚类、黄酮类、三萜皂苷类、齐墩果酸等活性成分与其抗氧化能力存在一定的相关性, 后续将进一步探究潜在成分对其八月瓜果皮果胶性能的影响。
  • 药食同源健康产品贵州省院士创新团队工作站项目(黔科合平台KX[2024]010)
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250303006
  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
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药食同源健康产品贵州省院士创新团队工作站项目(黔科合平台KX[2024]010)
作者信息
    1 国药集团同济堂(贵州)制药有限公司, 贵阳 550025
    2 国药集团贵州大健康产业发展有限公司, 贵阳 550025
    3 贵州大学酿酒与食品工程学院, 贵阳 550025
    4 贵州省刺梨研究院, 贵阳 550025

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*漆正方(1981—), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为天然产物开发及利用研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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