Article(id=1216517521264525451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250401004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969978871, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969978871, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969978871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969978871, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=174, endPage=179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517524020183307, articleId=1216517521264525451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023, columnId=1151923892655846010, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Safety Risk Assessment and Risk Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023. Methods The school food-borne disease outbreaks reported in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the national foodborne disease outbreak surveillance network for descriptive analysis. Results From 2019 to 2023 a total of 23 school foodborne disease outbreaks were reported, with a total of 337 cases, 35 hospitalized, and no death. Summer and autumn were the most common seasons. The incidents with clear pathogenic factors accounted for 34.78% (8/23), and the incidents caused by microorganisms and their toxins accounted for 75.00% (6/8). Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin were the main pathogenic factors, accounting for 33.33% (2/6) of the outbreaks of microorganisms and their toxins. The most common causes of food were mixed food and other foods, accounting for 30.43% (7/23) and 26.09% (6/23), followed by food products, meat and meat products, accounting for 17.39% (4/23) and 13.04% (3/23). The main source of food was the school canteen (73.91%, 17/23). The main triggering factors were multiple factors, followed by the misuse of poisonous plants. Conclusions Microorganisms and their toxins are the main factors causing foodborne disease outbreaks in schools. Summer and autumn are the high incidence seasons. It is necessary to strengthen the food safety risk control of school canteens and strengthen the collaboration of multi-departments to reduce the occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools.

, correspAuthors=Ai-Qing YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-Ping WU, Ming-Ming CAO, Yang WANG, Ai-Qing YANG, Yi-Fan XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517528151572932, articleId=1216517521264525451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析, columnId=1151923892995109553, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 分析2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发特点。方法 通过食源性疾病暴发监测系统收集淄博市2019—2023年上报的学校食源性疾病暴发事件进行描述性分析。结果 2019—2023年共报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件23起, 发病337人, 住院35人, 无死亡。夏秋季节高发; 查明致病因素的事件占34.78% (8/23), 微生物及其毒素引起的事件数占比较高, 为75.00% (6/8), 金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素是主要致病因子, 占微生物及其毒素暴发事件的33.33% (2/6); 最常见的原因食品为混合食品和其他, 占比为30.43% (7/23)和26.09% (6/23), 其次为粮食制品、肉与肉制品, 占比为17.39% (4/23)和13.04% (3/23); 食物来源场所主要为学校食堂73.91% (17/23); 引发因素以多因素为主, 其次为误食误用有毒植物。结论 微生物及其毒素是引起学校食源性暴发事件的主要因素, 夏秋季节是高发季节, 要加强学校食堂食品安全风险管控, 多部门加强协作, 减少学校食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。

, correspAuthors=杨爱青, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨爱青(1983—), 女, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为营养与食品安全。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=s8roVRuoREHb2EPADFAQEA==, magXml=EArvFMuAUcMdM2zjrQfYqQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3Ppr9xmjf20T2D+6UJ95uQ==, pdfFileSize=845492, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=e7wWgl6sNTEqQXlzTWXgAQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7mnUryNJME6eCJapeZX61w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

武玉平(1985—), 女, 硕士, 主管医师, 主要研究方向为营养与食品安全。E-mail:

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武玉平(1985—), 女, 硕士, 主管医师, 主要研究方向为营养与食品安全。E-mail:

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Occupational and Health, 2021, 37(8): 1061-1065., articleTitle=Surveillance and analysis on foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Yunnan Province from 2010-2019, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217127904085988302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, awardId=SDWS2024058, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省学校卫生协会课题项目(SDWS2024058), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217127897811309071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127897815503376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, companyId=1217127897811309071, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127897832280595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, companyId=1217127897811309071, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=淄博市疾病预防控制中心, 淄博 255026)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217127902274048813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in different years in Zibo City, figureFileSmall=VzUKfrkqwxPY1JylMfW81w==, figureFileBig=rgqY5mFvDsqjWDIQR65I6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127902391489339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=图1, caption=淄博市不同年份学校食源性疾病暴发事件发生情况, figureFileSmall=VzUKfrkqwxPY1JylMfW81w==, figureFileBig=rgqY5mFvDsqjWDIQR65I6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127902517318472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in different months in Zibo City, figureFileSmall=XVGurOsQqQZDEznJwXCE8w==, figureFileBig=n0vTAMUG7lmkhr5QwJktFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127902760588112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=图2, caption=淄博市不同月份学校食源性疾病暴发事件发生情况, figureFileSmall=XVGurOsQqQZDEznJwXCE8w==, figureFileBig=n0vTAMUG7lmkhr5QwJktFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127902890611551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools across different regions of Zibo City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区 报告起数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
淄川区 5 (21.74) 182 (2.10) 13 (3.86) 2 (5.71)
张店区 2 (8.70) 261 (3.01) 25 (7.42) 2 (5.71)
博山区 2 (8.70) 11 (0.13) 11 (3.26) 9 (25.71)
临淄区 3 (13.04) 4587 (52.97) 173 (51.33) 1 (2.86)
周村区 2 (8.70) 18 (0.21) 8 (2.37) 0 (0.00)
桓台县 1 (4.35) 15 (0.17) 15 (4.45) 15 (42.86)
高青县 1 (4.35) 37 (0.43) 19 (5.64) 0 (0.00)
沂源县 7 (30.43) 3548 (40.97) 73 (21.66) 6 (17.14)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127902978691944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

淄博市不同地区学校食源性疾病暴发事件分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区 报告起数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
淄川区 5 (21.74) 182 (2.10) 13 (3.86) 2 (5.71)
张店区 2 (8.70) 261 (3.01) 25 (7.42) 2 (5.71)
博山区 2 (8.70) 11 (0.13) 11 (3.26) 9 (25.71)
临淄区 3 (13.04) 4587 (52.97) 173 (51.33) 1 (2.86)
周村区 2 (8.70) 18 (0.21) 8 (2.37) 0 (0.00)
桓台县 1 (4.35) 15 (0.17) 15 (4.45) 15 (42.86)
高青县 1 (4.35) 37 (0.43) 19 (5.64) 0 (0.00)
沂源县 7 (30.43) 3548 (40.97) 73 (21.66) 6 (17.14)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903054189427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of etiological factors of foodborne diseases in schools in Zibo City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
致病因素 致病因子 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
微生物及其毒素 金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素 2 (8.70) 926 (10.69) 11 (3.26) 2 (5.71)
致泻大肠埃希氏菌 1 (4.35) 1087 (12.55) 134 (39.76) 1 (2.86)
蜡样芽胞杆菌 1 (4.35) 665 (7.68) 12 (3.56) 0
轮状病毒 1 (4.35) 2300 (26.56) 28 (8.31) 0
腺病毒 1 (4.35) 44 (0.51) 13 (3.86) 0
有毒植物及其毒素 其他有毒植物及其毒素 2 (4.35) 52 (0.60) 34 (10.09) 15 (42.86)
原因不明 15 (65.22) 3585 (41.40) 105 (31.16) 17 (48.57)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903175824257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

淄博市学校食源性疾病致病原因分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
致病因素 致病因子 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
微生物及其毒素 金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素 2 (8.70) 926 (10.69) 11 (3.26) 2 (5.71)
致泻大肠埃希氏菌 1 (4.35) 1087 (12.55) 134 (39.76) 1 (2.86)
蜡样芽胞杆菌 1 (4.35) 665 (7.68) 12 (3.56) 0
轮状病毒 1 (4.35) 2300 (26.56) 28 (8.31) 0
腺病毒 1 (4.35) 44 (0.51) 13 (3.86) 0
有毒植物及其毒素 其他有毒植物及其毒素 2 (4.35) 52 (0.60) 34 (10.09) 15 (42.86)
原因不明 15 (65.22) 3585 (41.40) 105 (31.16) 17 (48.57)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903276487562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Foods distribution causing of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools from 2019 to 2023 in Zibo City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原因食品 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
肉与肉制品 3 (13.04) 1209 (13.96) 18 (5.34) 0
蔬菜与蔬菜制品 1 (4.35) 41 (0.47) 8 (2.37) 0
粮食制品 4 (17.39) 484 (5.59) 34 (10.09) 2 (5.71)
混合食品 7 (30.43) 1822 (21.04) 59 (17.51) 9 (25.71)
不明食品 2 (8.70) 2307 (26.64) 33 (9.79) 0
其他1 6 (26.09) 2796 (32.29) 185 (54.90) 24 (68.57)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903381345173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件原因食品分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原因食品 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
肉与肉制品 3 (13.04) 1209 (13.96) 18 (5.34) 0
蔬菜与蔬菜制品 1 (4.35) 41 (0.47) 8 (2.37) 0
粮食制品 4 (17.39) 484 (5.59) 34 (10.09) 2 (5.71)
混合食品 7 (30.43) 1822 (21.04) 59 (17.51) 9 (25.71)
不明食品 2 (8.70) 2307 (26.64) 33 (9.79) 0
其他1 6 (26.09) 2796 (32.29) 185 (54.90) 24 (68.57)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903511368607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Locations distribution of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools from 2019 to 2023 in Zibo City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品来源场所 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
学校食堂 17 (73.91) 7189 (83.02) 295 (87.54) 3 (8.57)
社会用餐配送单位 1 (4.35) 2 (0.02) 2 (0.59) 2 (5.71)
街头摊点 1 (4.35) 9 (0.10) 9 (2.67) 9 (25.71)
门店 1 (4.35) 4 (0.05) 2 (0.59) 0
其他餐饮服务场所 1 (4.35) 7 (0.08) 5 (1.48) 0
校园 1 (4.35) 15 (0.17) 15 (4.45) 15 (42.86)
不明 1 (4.35) 1433 (16.55) 9 (2.67) 6 (17.14)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903658169260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件食物来源场所分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品来源场所 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
学校食堂 17 (73.91) 7189 (83.02) 295 (87.54) 3 (8.57)
社会用餐配送单位 1 (4.35) 2 (0.02) 2 (0.59) 2 (5.71)
街头摊点 1 (4.35) 9 (0.10) 9 (2.67) 9 (25.71)
门店 1 (4.35) 4 (0.05) 2 (0.59) 0
其他餐饮服务场所 1 (4.35) 7 (0.08) 5 (1.48) 0
校园 1 (4.35) 15 (0.17) 15 (4.45) 15 (42.86)
不明 1 (4.35) 1433 (16.55) 9 (2.67) 6 (17.14)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903758832568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Causation distribution of foodborne disease outbreak in schools in Zibo City

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引发因素 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
加工不当 1 (4.35) 254 (2.93) 20 (5.93) 2 (5.71)
存储不当 1 (4.35) 2 (0.02) 2 (0.59) 2 (5.71)
误食误用 3 (13.04) 1485 (17.15) 43 (12.76) 21 (60.00)
其他 2 (8.70) 2307 (26.64) 33 (9.79) 0
原因不明 9 (39.13) 1657 (19.14) 70 (20.77) 9 (25.71)
投毒 1 (4.35) 100 (1.15) 5 (1.48) 0
2种因素 2 (8.70) 928 (10.72) 11 (3.26) 0
3种因素及以上 4 (17.39) 1926 (22.24) 153 (45.40) 1 (2.86)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127903872078782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521264525451, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件引发原因分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引发因素 事件数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数
加工不当 1 (4.35) 254 (2.93) 20 (5.93) 2 (5.71)
存储不当 1 (4.35) 2 (0.02) 2 (0.59) 2 (5.71)
误食误用 3 (13.04) 1485 (17.15) 43 (12.76) 21 (60.00)
其他 2 (8.70) 2307 (26.64) 33 (9.79) 0
原因不明 9 (39.13) 1657 (19.14) 70 (20.77) 9 (25.71)
投毒 1 (4.35) 100 (1.15) 5 (1.48) 0
2种因素 2 (8.70) 928 (10.72) 11 (3.26) 0
3种因素及以上 4 (17.39) 1926 (22.24) 153 (45.40) 1 (2.86)
合计 23 (100.00) 8659 (100.00) 337 (100.00) 35 (100.00)
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2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析
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武玉平 , 曹明明 , 汪洋 , 杨爱青 * , 徐一凡
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025,16(15): 174-179
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025, 16(15): 174-179
2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析
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武玉平 , 曹明明, 汪洋, 杨爱青* , 徐一凡
作者信息
  • 淄博市疾病预防控制中心, 淄博 255026
  • 武玉平(1985—), 女, 硕士, 主管医师, 主要研究方向为营养与食品安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*杨爱青(1983—), 女, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为营养与食品安全。E-mail:
Epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023
Yu-Ping WU , Ming-Ming CAO, Yang WANG, Ai-Qing YANG* , Yi-Fan XU
Affiliations
  • Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255026, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250401004
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目的 分析2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发特点。方法 通过食源性疾病暴发监测系统收集淄博市2019—2023年上报的学校食源性疾病暴发事件进行描述性分析。结果 2019—2023年共报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件23起, 发病337人, 住院35人, 无死亡。夏秋季节高发; 查明致病因素的事件占34.78% (8/23), 微生物及其毒素引起的事件数占比较高, 为75.00% (6/8), 金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素是主要致病因子, 占微生物及其毒素暴发事件的33.33% (2/6); 最常见的原因食品为混合食品和其他, 占比为30.43% (7/23)和26.09% (6/23), 其次为粮食制品、肉与肉制品, 占比为17.39% (4/23)和13.04% (3/23); 食物来源场所主要为学校食堂73.91% (17/23); 引发因素以多因素为主, 其次为误食误用有毒植物。结论 微生物及其毒素是引起学校食源性暴发事件的主要因素, 夏秋季节是高发季节, 要加强学校食堂食品安全风险管控, 多部门加强协作, 减少学校食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。

学校  /  食源性疾病  /  暴发事件  /  致病因素  /  流行病学特征

Objective To analyze the characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023. Methods The school food-borne disease outbreaks reported in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the national foodborne disease outbreak surveillance network for descriptive analysis. Results From 2019 to 2023 a total of 23 school foodborne disease outbreaks were reported, with a total of 337 cases, 35 hospitalized, and no death. Summer and autumn were the most common seasons. The incidents with clear pathogenic factors accounted for 34.78% (8/23), and the incidents caused by microorganisms and their toxins accounted for 75.00% (6/8). Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin were the main pathogenic factors, accounting for 33.33% (2/6) of the outbreaks of microorganisms and their toxins. The most common causes of food were mixed food and other foods, accounting for 30.43% (7/23) and 26.09% (6/23), followed by food products, meat and meat products, accounting for 17.39% (4/23) and 13.04% (3/23). The main source of food was the school canteen (73.91%, 17/23). The main triggering factors were multiple factors, followed by the misuse of poisonous plants. Conclusions Microorganisms and their toxins are the main factors causing foodborne disease outbreaks in schools. Summer and autumn are the high incidence seasons. It is necessary to strengthen the food safety risk control of school canteens and strengthen the collaboration of multi-departments to reduce the occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools.

school  /  foodborne disease  /  outbreak  /  pathogenic factors  /  epidemiological characteristics
武玉平, 曹明明, 汪洋, 杨爱青, 徐一凡. 2019—2023年淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件流行特征分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 174 -179 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250401004
Yu-Ping WU, Ming-Ming CAO, Yang WANG, Ai-Qing YANG, Yi-Fan XU. Epidemic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Zibo City from 2019 to 2023[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 174 -179 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250401004
食源性疾病是当今世界上最广泛的卫生问题之一, 也是我国最突出的公共卫生问题[1-3]。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)估计全球约1/10的人群曾遭受食源性疾病危害[4], 我国报告平均每6.5人中有1人因摄入污染了致病菌的食物而患病[5]。因此, 2010年以来国家开始对食源性疾病进行监测, 其中, 食源性疾病暴发监测也是其重要的监测部分。食源性疾病暴发事件是食品中致病因素进入人体引起的感染性、中毒性等疾病, 包括食物中毒, 导致发病人数在2人及以上或死亡1人及以上的事件[6]。近年来, 学校食源性疾病暴发事件频有发生, 学生食品安全问题得到各级领导高度重视, 学校人数多且较集中, 一旦暴发食源性疾病, 不仅影响学校的正常教学秩序, 还会对师生的健康造成危害, 引起社会高度关注, 对社会造成不良影响[7-8]。因此, 学校食源性疾病防控不容忽视。根据2014—2021年山东省学校食源性疾病暴发事件资料分析, 淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件数及发病人数相对较多[6], 为了解淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发特点及发生原因, 本研究收集2019—2023年通过国家食源性疾病暴发监测网报告的淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件监测数据, 对发病时间、发病地区、致病因子、致病食品、食物来源场所、引发因素等流行病学特征进行分析。旨在发现食品安全隐患, 为监管部门采取有针对性的控制措施提供科学依据, 为“健康中国”战略下健康促进学校建设和中小学生健康促进行动提供有效支撑, 有效预防发生在学校的食源性疾病事件, 为淄博市学校食源性疾病防控策略制定提供参考依据。
从淄博市各区县上报到国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统的事件中, 选取2019—2023年发生场所为市内各类学校、校园及学校食堂的食源性疾病暴发事件进行分析。
金黄色葡萄球菌显色培养基(科玛嘉生物技术有限公司); 5种致泻大肠埃希氏菌实时荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)试剂盒(江苏和创生物科技有限公司); MYP培养基(广东环凯微生物科技有限公司); 腺病毒核酸检测试剂、轮状病毒荧光定量PCR检测试剂(卓诚惠生生物科技有限公司)。
MALDI-TOF MS微生物飞行时间质谱鉴定仪(德国布鲁克公司); GHP-9160恒温培养箱、Thermo 1300 SERIES A2生物安全柜、ABI Q5荧光定量PCR仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); NP968-C全自动核酸提取仪(西安天隆科技有限公司)。
按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》检测技术要求及GB 4789系列标准进行检测。
采用描述性流行病学对2019—2023年上报的学校食源性疾病暴发事件的发病时间、发病地区、致病因子、致病食品、食物来源场所、引发因素等流行病学特征进行分析。
使用Excel 2007归纳整理数据并对2019—2023年报告的学校食源性疾病暴发事件进行描述性分析。
2019—2023年全市共报告食源性疾病暴发事件228起, 累计发病1371人, 住院146人。其中学校食源性疾病暴发事件23起, 占暴发事件总起数的10.09%, 涉及暴露人数8659人, 累计发病人数337人, 占总发病人数的24.58%, 平均每年发病67例; 住院35例, 占总住院数的23.97%, 无死亡病例。
自2019年以来, 每年报告的学校食源性疾病暴发事件数逐渐上升, 2021年达到高峰, 2022年略有下降。学校食源性疾病暴发事件有明显的季节性, 夏秋季节高发, 冬春季节相对较少, 不同月份事件数和发病人数比较, 9月份最多, 其次是6月份, 见图12。淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件数最多的区县为沂源县, 占总事件数的30.43% (7/23); 发病人数最多的区县为临淄区, 占总发病人数的51.34% (173/337), 其次为沂源县; 住院人数最多的区县为桓台县, 占总住院人数的42.86% (15/35)。见表1
除原因不明的暴发事件以外, 致病因子查明原因的事件数占总事件数的34.78% (8/23), 其中微生物及其毒素引起的事件数占查明原因事件数的75.00% (6/8), 致病因子包含金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、轮状病毒、腺病毒。其中, 金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素是主要致病因子, 占微生物及其毒素暴发事件的33.33% (2/6)。见表2
暴发事件中原因食品明确的事件数占总事件数的91.30% (21/23), 除混合食品和其他外, 引发学校食源性疾病暴发的食品中粮食制品占比最高, 占总事件数的17.39% (4/23), 其次为肉与肉制品, 占总事件数的13.04% (3/23)。见表3
查明食物来源22起, 主要来源场所为学校食堂, 事件数和发病人数最多, 分别占总事件数的73.91% (17/23)、发病人数的87.54% (295/337)。见表4
引发因素查明原因的有14起, 多因素事件数占引发因素查明原因事件数的42.86% (6/14), 其次是误食误用, 占查明事件的比例为21.43% (3/14), 发病人数和住院人数较多, 占查明原因发病人数的16.10% (43/267)及住院人数的80.77% (21/26), 主要误食误用紫藤种子、水仙。见表5
本研究显示, 淄博市2019—2023年学校食源性疾病暴发事件数占暴发事件总起数的10.09%, 低于白银市(11.32%)[9], 高于苏州市(4.69%)[10]。从不同年份报告的学校食源性疾病暴发事件来看, 总体趋势是上升的, 可能由于淄博市学校食品安全存在一定隐患, 还可能因为淄博市近几年非常重视食源性疾病上报工作, 加强对区县指导, 积极开展食源性疾病暴发事件模拟演练, 提高区县上报水平有关。2022年略有下降, 可能受新型冠状肺炎期间学校上课方式改变, 各部门加强防控等影响。夏秋季节高发, 9月份是发病高峰期, 其次是6月, 与其他报道基本一致[8,11-13]。随着天气变暖, 气温逐渐升高, 给致病菌繁殖提供有利环境, 学生正处于开学季, 食品安全意识薄弱, 学校食堂存在食品安全隐患等因素, 造成食源性疾病暴发事件增多。沂源县暴发事件数最多, 可能与学校对食品安全重视程度不高有关; 暴发人数较多的是临淄区, 可能由于临淄区人口密度大, 学校人数较多有关。
致病因素明确的事件中, 主要由微生物及其毒素引起, 致病因子以金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素为主, 其次为致泻大肠埃希氏菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌等致病因子。近年来, 由金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引起的食源性疾病暴发事件数在我国占有较大比例[14-16], 发生在幼儿园和学校食堂的事件起数占比也较高[17-18]。致泻大肠埃希氏菌是引起食源性疾病的重要致病菌之一[19-20], 常见污染食品为肉及肉制品(尤其是牛肉)、奶及奶制品、蛋及蛋制品、蔬菜、水果和饮料等其他食品[21-22], 具有较强的耐酸性和耐低温性, 能够在冰箱内长期生存, 且在自然界的水中可存活数周至数月。因此, 即使是在冷藏条件下, 食物也可能仍然存在致病菌。蜡样芽胞杆菌也是我国食源性疾病暴发事件中的重要致病因子, 米面或淀粉类制品易被蜡样芽胞杆菌污染, 国内曾报道多起因食品被蜡样芽胞杆菌污染而引起的学校食源性疾病暴发事件[23-25]
主要食物来源场所为学校食堂, 学校食堂是学生就餐的主要场所, 因此要加强学校食堂卫生管理。其次也要重视社会用餐配送单位、街头摊点、门店、校园等其他场所。误食误用是主要引发因素, 学生因误食误用紫藤种子、水仙导致食源性疾病暴发事件的发生, 学校及家长加强对儿童的安全教育, 特别对未食过、怪味或不洁的食物一定要禁食, 提高儿童自我保护能力[26]。校园在绿化时, 应对所选用的植物的性质有全面的了解, 尽量不选有毒有害的植物, 以免导致意外事故发生[27-28]。其他引发因素也要加强重视, 如加工不当、存储不当、投毒等, 也易引起学校食源性疾病暴发事件的发生[29-30]
综上所述, 淄博市学校食源性疾病暴发事件原因查明率不高, 季节性明显, 微生物及其毒素是引起学校食源性疾病暴发事件的主要因素, 现场调查需要多方协作, 加强沟通, 提高查明率。根据学校食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征提出以下建议: 一是建议食品监管部门与卫生健康部门密切合作, 提高处置事件的及时率、加强现场卫生学调查, 提高事件查明率; 二是监管部门与学校积极沟通, 加强对学校食堂及周边餐饮单位的监督管理, 特别是食源性疾病高发季节, 定期对餐饮从业人员培训, 普及食品安全法律法规, 减少不合格食品的生产; 三是学校要加强对师生、食堂从业人员关于食品安全知识的培训, 特别是有毒动植物知识的普及, 提高食品安全知识素养, 避免误食误用, 有效防控学校食源性疾病暴发事件的发生。
  • 山东省学校卫生协会课题项目(SDWS2024058)
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250401004
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
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山东省学校卫生协会课题项目(SDWS2024058)
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    淄博市疾病预防控制中心, 淄博 255026

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*杨爱青(1983—), 女, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为营养与食品安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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