Article(id=1216517521180643556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969978852, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969978852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969978852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969978852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=37, endPage=44, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517524200542566, articleId=1216517521180643556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of mineral element variations in different visceral by-products of Simmental beef cattle in Ningxia, columnId=1216517518873773013, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Processing and Quality Safety of Animal Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the mineral element differences in different visceral by-products of Simmental beef cattle in Ningxia. Methods Using post-slaughter by-products from Ningxia Simmental cattle (beef heart, beef liver, beef tripe, beef intestines) as the research subject, the content differences of 42 kinds of mineral elements in the 4 kinds of by-products were detected and analyzed. And verified through discriminant analysis. Results The results indicated that there were significant differences in the content of 38 kinds of and 41 kinds of mineral elements respectively in the 4 kinds of beef cattle by-products from Guyuan and Wuzhong regions (P>0.05). The content of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr in all beef cattle by-products is below the limit standards. Beef tripe has a strong adsorption and accumulation effect on heavy metals such as Ni and Cr, rare earth elements Eu, Gd, Nd and Sm, as well as other elements included Nb, Sb and Sn; beef liver had a strong absorption and enrichment effect on heavy metals like Cd, trace elements Cu and Mo. Based on mineral elements, effective differentiation of various by-products and samples from different origins could be achieved. Selected Cs, Na, Li, Cd, Tl, Rb, Cr, U, Pt, Ta, Co, Sc, Mo, Ni, Zn, Ir, Sn and Fe as the key characteristic elements for distinguishing between cow stomach, cow liver, cow heart, and cow intestine. Eleven key elements had been identified to distinguish the origin of beef by-products from Guyuan and Wuzhong, included Cs, Cr, Rb, As, Sn, Nb, Ni, Li, Sb, Ti and Hg. Conclusion Beef by-products have their own elemental characteristics, and different by-products and samples from different origins can be effectively distinguished by the content of mineral elements. The research findings will help establish a quality database for beef by-products, providing data support for the development of new products by enterprises.

, correspAuthors=Zi-Dan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Jing WANG, Jin-Song WANG, Fei-Ran XU, Mei-Lan DU, Zi-Dan ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517527816032792, articleId=1216517521180643556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=宁夏西门塔尔肉牛不同内脏副产物中矿物元素差异分析, columnId=1216517519259652225, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:动物性食品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究宁夏西门塔尔肉牛不同内脏副产物中矿物元素差异。方法 以屠宰后的宁夏西门塔尔肉牛副产物(牛心、牛肝、牛肚、牛肠)为研究对象, 检测分析4种副产物中42种矿物元素含量差异, 并通过判别分析进行验证。结果 固原和吴忠地区分别有38种和41种矿物元素含量在4种肉牛副产物中具有显著差异(P>0.05), 所有肉牛副产物Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr含量低于限量标准; 牛肚对重金属Ni和Cr、稀土元素Eu、Gd、Nd和Sm以及其他元素中Nb、Sb、Sn具有较强的吸附累积效应; 牛肝对重金属Cd、微量元素Cu和Mo具有较强的吸收富集效应。基于矿物元素可实现不同副产物和不同产地样本的有效区分, 筛选出Cs、Na、Li、Cd、Tl、Rb、Cr、U、Pt、Ta、Co、Sc、Mo、Ni、Zn、Ir、Sn和Fe作为区分牛肚、牛肝、牛心和牛肠的关键特征元素, 确定了Cs、Cr、Rb、As、Sn、Nb、Ni、Li、Sb、Ti、Hg 11个区分固原和吴忠产地的关键特征元素。结论 肉牛副产物有其各自的元素特征, 通过矿物元素含量可有效区分不同副产物及不同产地样品, 研究结果有助于建立肉牛副产物的品质数据库, 为企业新产品开发提供数据支撑。

, correspAuthors=赵子丹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵子丹(1985—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量标准及检测技术。E-mail:
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王晓静(1978—), 女, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为农畜产品加工及品质评价分析。E-mail:

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DOI: 10.1155/2023/3355733, articleTitle=Understanding how minerals contribute to optimal immune function, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217530771863159798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, awardId=NKYG-23-04, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年宁夏农业科技自主创新专项科技创新引导项目(NKYG-23-04), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217530771926074359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, awardId=2023BDE03012, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年度宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BDE03012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217530768025371590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217530768033760199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, companyId=1217530768025371590, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Ningxia Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Yinchuan 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217530768042148808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, companyId=1217530768025371590, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所, 银川 750002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217530768109257673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217530768113451978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, companyId=1217530768109257673, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217530768121840587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, companyId=1217530768109257673, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 合肥工业大学食品学院, 合肥 230002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217530771192071150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Discriminant analysis of different different beef by-products based on OPLS-DA, figureFileSmall=V6g9QNQZlDE5qoD0RLBQ8Q==, figureFileBig=xJCCkFCPTBJY+FsTBdNY7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217530771259180015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于OPLS-DA的不同肉牛副产物的判别分析

注: a. 得分图; b.VIP值图, 下同。

, figureFileSmall=V6g9QNQZlDE5qoD0RLBQ8Q==, figureFileBig=xJCCkFCPTBJY+FsTBdNY7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217530771343066096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Discriminant analysis of beef cattle from different origins based on OPLS-DA, figureFileSmall=Alq1D1JgRQy9TczpJXlsaQ==, figureFileBig=uWjdePM9EKkHXOlUw6cXrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217530771405980657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于OPLS-DA的不同产地肉牛的判别分析, figureFileSmall=Alq1D1JgRQy9TczpJXlsaQ==, figureFileBig=uWjdePM9EKkHXOlUw6cXrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217530771456312306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mineral element content in by-products of Ximengtall beef cattle from Guyuan

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
牛肚 牛肝 牛心 牛肠
As* 1.20±1.79b 1.21±1.80b 0.75±1.31b 4.11±0.99a
Cd* 0.10±0.15b 13.10±2.41a 0.80±1.21b 0.50±0.55b
Ni 0.36±0.06a 0.0060±0.0090c 0.032±0.044c 0.095±0.073b
Pb* 0.50±0.73b 7.51±6.42a 0.76±2.19b 0.17±0.50b
Cr 0.88±0.28a 0.24±0.11c 0.38±0.15c 0.69±0.28b
Hg* 0.071±0.054a 0.042±0.050a 0.042±0.064a 0.075±0.140a
P 618.33±72.28c 1908.33±594.65a 1437.50±124.68b 831.04±271.43c
Na 120.67±8.52b 90.33±25.74c 169.67±21.40a 76.47±28.95c
Fe 22.79±9.58b 29.71±10.09ab 32.34±5.83a 10.23±2.55c
Zn 13.54±1.85b 26.62±6.58a 11.83±1.57b 10.90±2.65b
Mg 96.88±9.04c 125.83±29.44b 173.08±22.11a 111.67±25.96bc
Mn 3.00±1.11a 1.75±0.39b 0.22±0.03c 0.41±0.14c
Cu 0.49±0.17b 18.75±7.15a 2.31±0.30b 0.70±0.16b
Se* 10.47±3.62b 14.26±1.42a 17.38±1.04a 14.44±5.06a
Mo 0.018±0.004b 0.41±0.08a 0.013±0.001b 0.021±0.004b
Co 0.015±0.003b 0.037±0.007a 0.0067±0.0021c 0.0071±0.0039c
Cs* 8.92±1.63a 6.14±0.41b 8.13±1.82a 4.11±0.87c
Dy* 0.30±0.47a 0.10±0.04a 0.10±0.04a 0.20±0.18a
Eu* 0.16±0.16a 0.022±0.019b 0.022±0.028b 0.040±0.470b
Gd* 0.76±0.61a 0.15±0.15b 0.070±0.082b 0.12±0.09b
Ho* 0.032±0.006a 0.040±0.012a 0.012±0.013b 0.028±0.022a
Nd* 3.41±3.42a 0.50±0.34b 0.50±0.37b 0.30±0.15b
Pr* 1.12±0.97a 0.33±0.12b 0.16±0.08b 0.23±0.09b
Sm* 0.53±0.38a 0.022±0.023b 0.047±0.049b 0.066±0.063b
Tb* 0.060±0.042a 0.036±0.006b 0.032±0.017b 0.041±0.033ab
Li* 4.81±2.12a 1.63±1.22c 1.51±1.40c 3.44±1.41b
Nb* 3.43±3.41a 0.46±0.64b 0.16±0.31b 0.34±0.18b
Rb 1.33±0.25c 3.38±0.85a 1.95±0.23b 0.74±0.23d
Sb* 54.1±64.9a 1.02±1.12b 6.33±5.14b 0.70±0.33b
Sc* 2.09±1.91c 6.33±3.12b 6.04±3.58b 13.31±1.84a
Sn 1.04±0.92a 0.057±0.034b 0.24±0.16b 0.052±0.015b
Sr 1.63±0.22a 0.037±0.015b 0.039±0.016b 1.51±0.22a
Ti 0.79±0.20a 0.50±0.12b 0.48±0.04b 0.53±0.08b
Tl* 0.28±0.18ab 0.36±0.19ab 0.47±0.44a 0.13±0.10b
U* 6.62±3.14b 4.83±3.72b 1.90±2.41b 13.20±3.51a
Y* 2.32±1.51a 0.41±0.07c 0.48±0.19c 1.13±0.39b
Au* 0.31±0.16a 0.31±0.12a 0.25±0.11ab 0.18±0.10b
Ta* 0.19±0.05b 0.37±0.09a 0.33±0.21ab 0.31±0.27ab
Ir* 0.55±0.21a 0.46±0.04a 0.42±0.09a 0.54±0.28a
Pt* 0.54±0.19a 0.37±0.14a 0.35±0.13a 0.56±0.44a
W* 4.12±1.13a 4.32±0.60a 2.93±0.32b 2.21±0.54b
Pd* 0.15±0.23b 0.15±0.11b 0.18±0.16ab 0.32±0.21a
), ArticleFig(id=1217530771548586995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

固原西门塔尔肉牛副产物中矿物元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
牛肚 牛肝 牛心 牛肠
As* 1.20±1.79b 1.21±1.80b 0.75±1.31b 4.11±0.99a
Cd* 0.10±0.15b 13.10±2.41a 0.80±1.21b 0.50±0.55b
Ni 0.36±0.06a 0.0060±0.0090c 0.032±0.044c 0.095±0.073b
Pb* 0.50±0.73b 7.51±6.42a 0.76±2.19b 0.17±0.50b
Cr 0.88±0.28a 0.24±0.11c 0.38±0.15c 0.69±0.28b
Hg* 0.071±0.054a 0.042±0.050a 0.042±0.064a 0.075±0.140a
P 618.33±72.28c 1908.33±594.65a 1437.50±124.68b 831.04±271.43c
Na 120.67±8.52b 90.33±25.74c 169.67±21.40a 76.47±28.95c
Fe 22.79±9.58b 29.71±10.09ab 32.34±5.83a 10.23±2.55c
Zn 13.54±1.85b 26.62±6.58a 11.83±1.57b 10.90±2.65b
Mg 96.88±9.04c 125.83±29.44b 173.08±22.11a 111.67±25.96bc
Mn 3.00±1.11a 1.75±0.39b 0.22±0.03c 0.41±0.14c
Cu 0.49±0.17b 18.75±7.15a 2.31±0.30b 0.70±0.16b
Se* 10.47±3.62b 14.26±1.42a 17.38±1.04a 14.44±5.06a
Mo 0.018±0.004b 0.41±0.08a 0.013±0.001b 0.021±0.004b
Co 0.015±0.003b 0.037±0.007a 0.0067±0.0021c 0.0071±0.0039c
Cs* 8.92±1.63a 6.14±0.41b 8.13±1.82a 4.11±0.87c
Dy* 0.30±0.47a 0.10±0.04a 0.10±0.04a 0.20±0.18a
Eu* 0.16±0.16a 0.022±0.019b 0.022±0.028b 0.040±0.470b
Gd* 0.76±0.61a 0.15±0.15b 0.070±0.082b 0.12±0.09b
Ho* 0.032±0.006a 0.040±0.012a 0.012±0.013b 0.028±0.022a
Nd* 3.41±3.42a 0.50±0.34b 0.50±0.37b 0.30±0.15b
Pr* 1.12±0.97a 0.33±0.12b 0.16±0.08b 0.23±0.09b
Sm* 0.53±0.38a 0.022±0.023b 0.047±0.049b 0.066±0.063b
Tb* 0.060±0.042a 0.036±0.006b 0.032±0.017b 0.041±0.033ab
Li* 4.81±2.12a 1.63±1.22c 1.51±1.40c 3.44±1.41b
Nb* 3.43±3.41a 0.46±0.64b 0.16±0.31b 0.34±0.18b
Rb 1.33±0.25c 3.38±0.85a 1.95±0.23b 0.74±0.23d
Sb* 54.1±64.9a 1.02±1.12b 6.33±5.14b 0.70±0.33b
Sc* 2.09±1.91c 6.33±3.12b 6.04±3.58b 13.31±1.84a
Sn 1.04±0.92a 0.057±0.034b 0.24±0.16b 0.052±0.015b
Sr 1.63±0.22a 0.037±0.015b 0.039±0.016b 1.51±0.22a
Ti 0.79±0.20a 0.50±0.12b 0.48±0.04b 0.53±0.08b
Tl* 0.28±0.18ab 0.36±0.19ab 0.47±0.44a 0.13±0.10b
U* 6.62±3.14b 4.83±3.72b 1.90±2.41b 13.20±3.51a
Y* 2.32±1.51a 0.41±0.07c 0.48±0.19c 1.13±0.39b
Au* 0.31±0.16a 0.31±0.12a 0.25±0.11ab 0.18±0.10b
Ta* 0.19±0.05b 0.37±0.09a 0.33±0.21ab 0.31±0.27ab
Ir* 0.55±0.21a 0.46±0.04a 0.42±0.09a 0.54±0.28a
Pt* 0.54±0.19a 0.37±0.14a 0.35±0.13a 0.56±0.44a
W* 4.12±1.13a 4.32±0.60a 2.93±0.32b 2.21±0.54b
Pd* 0.15±0.23b 0.15±0.11b 0.18±0.16ab 0.32±0.21a
), ArticleFig(id=1217530771628278772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mineral element content in by-products of Ximengtall beef cattle from Wuzhong

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
牛肚 牛肝 牛心 牛肠
As* 21.31±25.12a 12.26±9.51ab 1.13±1.42c 5.62±3.84bc
Cd* 1.22±1.83b 6.32±5.14a 0.17±0.32b 0.08±0.19b
Ni 0.17±0.12a 0.0045±0.0073b 0.030±0.015b 0.012±0.025b
Pb* 7.92±14.31a 3.64±3.82ab 1.14±2.63b 0.26±0.56b
Cr 0.63±0.35a 0.24±0.05b 0.33±0.08b 0.32±0.11b
Hg* 0.068±0.093a 0.10±0.14a 0.053±0.041a 0.11±0.16a
P 771.98±361.88c 1651.04±203.30a 1207.29±300.07b 784.38±160.99c
Na 103.40±24.27b 80.88±16.71c 128.93±32.85a 137.17±25.41a
Fe 100.03±81.76a 26.05±2.68b 31.01±7.09b 6.72±1.80b
Zn 11.95±2.11b 24.59±3.32a 10.32±2.98bc 9.88±1.99c
Mg 167.96±121.74a 118.54±13.62bc 151.48±43.88ab 104.44±22.93c
Mn 32.76±36.88a 1.42±0.24b 0.21±0.06b 0.35±0.08b
Cu 0.58±0.10b 32.49±33.41a 2.34±0.53b 0.45±0.08b
Se* 13.11±3.24b 17.46±4.43a 15.17±2.64a 15.16±3.13a
Mo 0.014±0.003b 0.38±0.04a 0.010±0.002b 0.012±0.002b
Co 0.023±0.026b 0.052±0.007a 0.0068±0.0018c 0.0045±0.0018c
Cs* 2.43±0.48b 2.61±0.81b 4.05±1.33a 2.91±0.34b
Dy* 0.62±1.23a 0.12±0.09b 0.081±0.091b 0.060±0.063b
Eu* 0.45±0.37a 0.044±0.027b 0.026±0.031b 0.041±0.054b
Gd* 0.50±0.53a 0.19±0.11b 0.067±0.066b 0.17±0.07b
Ho* 0.060±0.093a 0.026±0.026ab 0.0060±0.0096b 0.034±0.018ab
Nd* 2.03±2.71a 0.74±0.63b 0.0030±0.0070b 0.38±0.19b
Pr* 0.93±1.39a 0.62±0.12ab 0.12±0.061b 0.24±0.11b
Sm* 0.72±0.65a 0.084±0.075b 0.046±0.056b 0.070±0.071b
Tb* 0.054±0.000a 0.056±0.030a 0.032±0.018b 0.038±0.032ab
Li* 5.44±2.83b 1.72±1.23c 2.64±1.81c 9.43±1.73a
Nb* 1.52±1.24a 0.29±0.43b 0.72±0.38b 0.39±0.42b
Rb 0.56±0.13d 2.17±0.45a 1.21±0.24b 0.96±0.16c
Sb* 6.71±4.39a 1.78±1.19b 1.29±0.82b 0.45±0.72b
Sc* 11.48±7.39a 10.26±5.31a 4.33±6.12b 12.16±6.87a
Sn 0.22±0.14a 0.10±0.04b 0.082±0.040b 0.068±0.028b
Sr 7.11±5.76a 0.071±0.028b 0.044±0.041b 0.55±0.11b
Ti 2.10±1.16a 0.58±0.24b 0.47±0.08b 0.60±0.16b
Tl* 0.21±0.11b 0.49±0.25a 0.58±0.51a 0.16±0.10b
U* 15.13±7.02a 1.74±1.13c 3.24±1.62c 9.61±5.03b
Y* 5.23±8.11a 0.50±0.19b 0.38±0.16b 1.14±0.42b
Au* 0.24±0.20ab 0.27±0.07a 0.25±0.13ab 0.17±0.06b
Ta* 0.17±0.06b 0.27±0.13ab 0.41±0.22a 0.36±0.31a
Ir* 0.56±0.17a 0.55±0.10a 0.41±0.10b 0.63±0.31a
Pt* 0.36±0.20b 0.45±0.13b 0.38±0.12b 0.72±0.42a
W* 3.13±0.59b 4.12±1.43a 3.22±0.52b 2.94±0.35b
Pd* 0.40±0.37a 0.17±0.19bc 0.16±0.17c 0.34±0.25ab
), ArticleFig(id=1217530771703776245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517521180643556, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

吴忠西门塔尔肉牛副产物中矿物元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
牛肚 牛肝 牛心 牛肠
As* 21.31±25.12a 12.26±9.51ab 1.13±1.42c 5.62±3.84bc
Cd* 1.22±1.83b 6.32±5.14a 0.17±0.32b 0.08±0.19b
Ni 0.17±0.12a 0.0045±0.0073b 0.030±0.015b 0.012±0.025b
Pb* 7.92±14.31a 3.64±3.82ab 1.14±2.63b 0.26±0.56b
Cr 0.63±0.35a 0.24±0.05b 0.33±0.08b 0.32±0.11b
Hg* 0.068±0.093a 0.10±0.14a 0.053±0.041a 0.11±0.16a
P 771.98±361.88c 1651.04±203.30a 1207.29±300.07b 784.38±160.99c
Na 103.40±24.27b 80.88±16.71c 128.93±32.85a 137.17±25.41a
Fe 100.03±81.76a 26.05±2.68b 31.01±7.09b 6.72±1.80b
Zn 11.95±2.11b 24.59±3.32a 10.32±2.98bc 9.88±1.99c
Mg 167.96±121.74a 118.54±13.62bc 151.48±43.88ab 104.44±22.93c
Mn 32.76±36.88a 1.42±0.24b 0.21±0.06b 0.35±0.08b
Cu 0.58±0.10b 32.49±33.41a 2.34±0.53b 0.45±0.08b
Se* 13.11±3.24b 17.46±4.43a 15.17±2.64a 15.16±3.13a
Mo 0.014±0.003b 0.38±0.04a 0.010±0.002b 0.012±0.002b
Co 0.023±0.026b 0.052±0.007a 0.0068±0.0018c 0.0045±0.0018c
Cs* 2.43±0.48b 2.61±0.81b 4.05±1.33a 2.91±0.34b
Dy* 0.62±1.23a 0.12±0.09b 0.081±0.091b 0.060±0.063b
Eu* 0.45±0.37a 0.044±0.027b 0.026±0.031b 0.041±0.054b
Gd* 0.50±0.53a 0.19±0.11b 0.067±0.066b 0.17±0.07b
Ho* 0.060±0.093a 0.026±0.026ab 0.0060±0.0096b 0.034±0.018ab
Nd* 2.03±2.71a 0.74±0.63b 0.0030±0.0070b 0.38±0.19b
Pr* 0.93±1.39a 0.62±0.12ab 0.12±0.061b 0.24±0.11b
Sm* 0.72±0.65a 0.084±0.075b 0.046±0.056b 0.070±0.071b
Tb* 0.054±0.000a 0.056±0.030a 0.032±0.018b 0.038±0.032ab
Li* 5.44±2.83b 1.72±1.23c 2.64±1.81c 9.43±1.73a
Nb* 1.52±1.24a 0.29±0.43b 0.72±0.38b 0.39±0.42b
Rb 0.56±0.13d 2.17±0.45a 1.21±0.24b 0.96±0.16c
Sb* 6.71±4.39a 1.78±1.19b 1.29±0.82b 0.45±0.72b
Sc* 11.48±7.39a 10.26±5.31a 4.33±6.12b 12.16±6.87a
Sn 0.22±0.14a 0.10±0.04b 0.082±0.040b 0.068±0.028b
Sr 7.11±5.76a 0.071±0.028b 0.044±0.041b 0.55±0.11b
Ti 2.10±1.16a 0.58±0.24b 0.47±0.08b 0.60±0.16b
Tl* 0.21±0.11b 0.49±0.25a 0.58±0.51a 0.16±0.10b
U* 15.13±7.02a 1.74±1.13c 3.24±1.62c 9.61±5.03b
Y* 5.23±8.11a 0.50±0.19b 0.38±0.16b 1.14±0.42b
Au* 0.24±0.20ab 0.27±0.07a 0.25±0.13ab 0.17±0.06b
Ta* 0.17±0.06b 0.27±0.13ab 0.41±0.22a 0.36±0.31a
Ir* 0.56±0.17a 0.55±0.10a 0.41±0.10b 0.63±0.31a
Pt* 0.36±0.20b 0.45±0.13b 0.38±0.12b 0.72±0.42a
W* 3.13±0.59b 4.12±1.43a 3.22±0.52b 2.94±0.35b
Pd* 0.40±0.37a 0.17±0.19bc 0.16±0.17c 0.34±0.25ab
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宁夏西门塔尔肉牛不同内脏副产物中矿物元素差异分析
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王晓静 1 , 王劲松 1 , 徐斐然 2 , 杜美兰 1 , 赵子丹 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:动物性食品加工与质量安全 2025,16(15): 37-44
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:动物性食品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(15): 37-44
宁夏西门塔尔肉牛不同内脏副产物中矿物元素差异分析
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王晓静1 , 王劲松1, 徐斐然2, 杜美兰1, 赵子丹1, *
作者信息
  • 1 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所, 银川 750002
  • 2 合肥工业大学食品学院, 合肥 230002
  • 王晓静(1978—), 女, 高级实验师, 主要研究方向为农畜产品加工及品质评价分析。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*赵子丹(1985—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量标准及检测技术。E-mail:
Analysis of mineral element variations in different visceral by-products of Simmental beef cattle in Ningxia
Xiao-Jing WANG1 , Jin-Song WANG1, Fei-Ran XU2, Mei-Lan DU1, Zi-Dan ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Ningxia Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Yinchuan 750002, China
  • 2 School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207001
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目的 探究宁夏西门塔尔肉牛不同内脏副产物中矿物元素差异。方法 以屠宰后的宁夏西门塔尔肉牛副产物(牛心、牛肝、牛肚、牛肠)为研究对象, 检测分析4种副产物中42种矿物元素含量差异, 并通过判别分析进行验证。结果 固原和吴忠地区分别有38种和41种矿物元素含量在4种肉牛副产物中具有显著差异(P>0.05), 所有肉牛副产物Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr含量低于限量标准; 牛肚对重金属Ni和Cr、稀土元素Eu、Gd、Nd和Sm以及其他元素中Nb、Sb、Sn具有较强的吸附累积效应; 牛肝对重金属Cd、微量元素Cu和Mo具有较强的吸收富集效应。基于矿物元素可实现不同副产物和不同产地样本的有效区分, 筛选出Cs、Na、Li、Cd、Tl、Rb、Cr、U、Pt、Ta、Co、Sc、Mo、Ni、Zn、Ir、Sn和Fe作为区分牛肚、牛肝、牛心和牛肠的关键特征元素, 确定了Cs、Cr、Rb、As、Sn、Nb、Ni、Li、Sb、Ti、Hg 11个区分固原和吴忠产地的关键特征元素。结论 肉牛副产物有其各自的元素特征, 通过矿物元素含量可有效区分不同副产物及不同产地样品, 研究结果有助于建立肉牛副产物的品质数据库, 为企业新产品开发提供数据支撑。

西门塔尔肉牛  /  副产物  /  矿质元素  /  重金属

Objective To explore the mineral element differences in different visceral by-products of Simmental beef cattle in Ningxia. Methods Using post-slaughter by-products from Ningxia Simmental cattle (beef heart, beef liver, beef tripe, beef intestines) as the research subject, the content differences of 42 kinds of mineral elements in the 4 kinds of by-products were detected and analyzed. And verified through discriminant analysis. Results The results indicated that there were significant differences in the content of 38 kinds of and 41 kinds of mineral elements respectively in the 4 kinds of beef cattle by-products from Guyuan and Wuzhong regions (P>0.05). The content of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr in all beef cattle by-products is below the limit standards. Beef tripe has a strong adsorption and accumulation effect on heavy metals such as Ni and Cr, rare earth elements Eu, Gd, Nd and Sm, as well as other elements included Nb, Sb and Sn; beef liver had a strong absorption and enrichment effect on heavy metals like Cd, trace elements Cu and Mo. Based on mineral elements, effective differentiation of various by-products and samples from different origins could be achieved. Selected Cs, Na, Li, Cd, Tl, Rb, Cr, U, Pt, Ta, Co, Sc, Mo, Ni, Zn, Ir, Sn and Fe as the key characteristic elements for distinguishing between cow stomach, cow liver, cow heart, and cow intestine. Eleven key elements had been identified to distinguish the origin of beef by-products from Guyuan and Wuzhong, included Cs, Cr, Rb, As, Sn, Nb, Ni, Li, Sb, Ti and Hg. Conclusion Beef by-products have their own elemental characteristics, and different by-products and samples from different origins can be effectively distinguished by the content of mineral elements. The research findings will help establish a quality database for beef by-products, providing data support for the development of new products by enterprises.

Simmental beef cattle  /  by-products  /  mineral elements  /  heavy metals
王晓静, 王劲松, 徐斐然, 杜美兰, 赵子丹. 宁夏西门塔尔肉牛不同内脏副产物中矿物元素差异分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 37 -44 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207001
Xiao-Jing WANG, Jin-Song WANG, Fei-Ran XU, Mei-Lan DU, Zi-Dan ZHAO. Analysis of mineral element variations in different visceral by-products of Simmental beef cattle in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 37 -44 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207001
在膳食中, 牛肉扮演着重要的角色, 富含高蛋白、低脂肪、维生素和矿物质[1-2]。我国是肉牛生产大国, 2023年全国肉牛出栏5023万头, 牛肉产量753万t[3-4]。我国也是牛肉消费大国, 2023年中国牛肉进口数量为274万t, 全国消费牛肉1027万t[5]。但目前大多数牛肉食品产业发展主要集中于牛肉为原料的加工, 而对于牛副产物的高值化综合利用率低[6-10]。作为肉牛的副产物, 牛肝、牛心、牛肚以及牛肠含有多种矿物质和活性物质, 营养丰富, 且易被人体吸收利用, 具有增强免疫力、预防贫血、癌症等功效[11-14]
矿物质是维持人体生理功能必不可少的物质[15], 主要从食物中摄取, 尤其Zn、Fe、Mg在动物源食物中摄取利用率更高。丰富的矿物质元素在促进身体发育、调节机体功能、降低血压、增强免疫力、抗氧化等方面起着重要的作用[16-18]。肉类中的矿物质构成主要受到地理环境因素(如土壤、水源、空气等)的影响, 并可能在不同地区展现出其特有的组成特性[19-20]。不同脏器官对于矿物质元素的积累存在着显著差异, 然而目前关于肉牛副产物的矿物质含量研究报道较少。研究肉牛牛肝、牛心、牛肚、牛肠有利于丰富人体摄取矿物质的食物渠道, 增加微量元素丰富的营养食物种类, 满足特殊人群对于微量元素的需求。
当前, 电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) 已经在诸如岩土、肉品、水果和中草药等多个领域得到普遍使用[21-22]。其优势在于高度敏感、极低的检测下限、广阔的线性区间以及较小的样本污染影响, 能够实现多达70种元素含量的精确测量[23-26]。鉴于此, 本研究以宁夏西门塔尔肉牛屠宰后的4种副产物牛心、牛肝、牛肚、牛肠为研究对象, 采用ICP-MS测定4种副产物的矿物质元素含量, 并比较分析了4种副产物的元素含量差异, 以期为宁夏肉牛副产物的精深加工产品研发、肉牛产业高质量发展提供理论依据, 为提高副产物的综合利用率奠定基础。
从宁夏固原市、吴忠市采集9头18个月龄的西门塔尔肉牛屠宰后的牛心(NX)、牛肝(NG)、牛肠(NC)、牛肚(ND)4种副产物, 清洗分割后按照样品袋编号装入对应的样品袋中, 放入-18 ℃冰箱中冷冻保存备用。
标准溶液为4组54 种元素混合标液, 包括As、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr、P、Na、Fe、Zn、Mg、Mn、Cu、Se、Mo、Co、Cs、Dy、Eu、Gd、Ho、Li、Nb、Nd、Pr、Rb、Sb、Sc、Sm、Sn、Sr、Tb、Ti、Tl、U、Y、Ta、Ir、Pt、W、Pd(质量浓度为10 mg/L, 美国Perkin Elmer公司); Hg单元素标准溶液(质量浓度为1000 mg/L, 中国计量科学研究院); 质控标准物质—GBW10051(GSB-29)猪肝(中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所); 硝酸(优级纯, 德国Merck公司); 水为实验室一级用水。
ELAN DRC-e型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(美国Perkin Elmer公司); Mars 6 Xpress微波消解仪(美国CEM公司); EHD-24赶酸仪(24位)(莱伯泰科公司); PL202-L型百分之一电子天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司)。
称取样品1 g(精确至0.0001 g)于微波消解管中, 加入10 mL硝酸, 加塞盖好盖子浸泡过夜, 将微波消解管置于微波消解仪, 按照程序升温进行消解, 消解完成后, 微波消解管放至室温后, 打开盖子和内塞, 然后将消解管移至赶酸仪, 120 ℃赶酸2 h。赶酸完成后关掉赶酸仪开关, 待微波消解管放至室温后, 用一级水将消解试样少量多次洗至50 mL聚四氟乙烯刻度管中, 定容, 摇匀, 同时做试剂空白。
电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定元素采用标准模式。优化后的工作条件为: 发生器功率: 1250 W; 检测器模拟阶电压: -2250 V; 离子透镜电压: 6.00 V; 雾化器流量: 0.93 L/min; 等离子炬冷却气流量: 16.0 L/min; 辅助器流量: 1.20 L/min。上机测定肉牛副产物样品及质控品中42种矿物元素。
本研究中所有样品均重复测定3次, 测得数据使用Excel 2010对数据进行汇总, 对不同肉牛副产物中的矿物元素含量采用IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0软件中的“S-N-K”进行单因素方差分析; 采用Simca-A 13.0中的正交—偏最小二乘法对肉牛副产物样品矿质元素数据进行判别分析。
检测分析固原不同副产物中矿物元素含量, 由表1可知, 4种副产物中矿物元素种类基本一致, 共检出42种元素, 且元素含量差异较大, 其中P含量最高, 接近或超过1000 mg/kg, 其次Na、Mg含量较高, 接近或大于100 mg/kg。
根据GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》肉制品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr中限量值分别为0.5、0.5、0.05、0.5和1.0 mg/kg, 固原肉牛副产物中重金属无超标现象。
由单因素方差分析结果可知, 同一产地不同副产物有其各自的元素特征, 除Hg、Dy、Ir、Pt元素外, 其他元素在不同副产物中具有显著差异(P<0.05)。牛肚中Ni、Cr、Mn、Eu、Gd、Li、Nb、Nd、Pr、Sb、Sm、Sn、Ti、Y元素显著高于其他副产物, 牛肚中Cd、P、Mg、Cu、Se、Sc、Ta含量低于其他副产物, 虽然Cd、Cu在牛肚中的含量与牛心、牛肠无显著差异, 但其含量远低于牛心、牛肠; 牛肝中Cd、Pb、P、Zn、Cu、Mo、Co、Rb含量显著高于其他副产物, 牛肝中Ni、Cr、Sm、Y含量低于其他副产物; 牛心中Na、Fe、Mg、Se、Tl含量高于其他副产物, 牛心中As、Mn、Nb、Pr、U含量低于其他副产物; 牛肠中As、Sc、U、Pd含量高于其他副产物, Pb、Na、Fe、Zn、Cs、Nd、Rb、Sb、Tl、Au含量低于其他副产物。
总体而言, 固原地区牛肚对重金属Ni和Cr、稀土元素Eu、Gd、Nd、Pr和Sm以及其他元素中Nb、Sb、Sn具有较强的吸附累积效应, 尤其是Sb元素, 含量为其他副产物的8.5~77.3倍; 牛肝对重金属Cd和Pb, 微量元素Cu、Mo具有较强的吸收富集效应, 其中Cd和Pb分别为其他副产物的16.3~131.0倍和9.8~44.1倍; 牛肠对重金属As、其他元素Sc、U具有较强的吸收富集效应。Fe、Zn、Se 3种人体所需的矿物元素分别在牛心、牛肝和牛心中含量最高, 因此, 开发富含Fe、Zn、Se的功能性食品, 实现肉牛的高值化利用。
检测分析吴忠不同副产物中矿物元素含量, 由表2可知, 4种副产物中矿物元素种类基本一致, 共检出42种元素, 且元素含量差异较大, 肉牛P含量最高, 接近或超过1000 mg/kg, 其次Mg、Na含量较高, 接近或大于100 mg/kg。
根据GB 2762—2022限量标准, 吴忠肉牛副产物中重金属无超标。
由单因素方差分析结果可知, 同一产地不同副产物有其各自的元素特征, 除Hg元素外, 其他41种元素在不同副产物中均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。牛肚中As、Ni、Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn、Dy、Eu、Gd、Nd、Pr、Sm、Nb、Sb、Sn、Sr、Ti、U、Y含量显著高于其他副产物, Rb含量低于其他副产物; 牛肝中Cd、Pb、P、Zn、Cu、Se、Mo、Co、Rb、W含量高于其他副产物, Ni、Cr、Na、Li、Nb、U低于其他副产物; 牛心中Cs、Tl、Ta含量高于其他副产物, As、Mn、Ho、Nd、Pr、Sm、Sc、Sr、Ti、Y、Pd含量低于其他副产物; 牛肠中Na、Li、Sc含量高于其他副产物, Fe、Zn、Mg、Cu、Co、Dy、Sb、Sn、Tl、Au含量低于其他副产物。
总体而言, 吴忠肉牛副产物中矿物元素的分布规律与固原地区稍有差异。牛肚对重金属As、Ni、Pb, 中量元素Fe、稀土元素Eu、Gd、Nd和Sm以及其他元素中Nb、Sb、Sn、Sr、U、Y具有较强的吸附累积效应, 尤其是Ni元素, 含量为其他副产物的5.6~37.7倍, Nd元素含量为其他副产物的2.7~676.6倍, Sr元素含量为其他副产物的12.9~161.5倍。牛肝对重金属Cd、微量元素Zn、Cu和Mo具有较强的吸收富集效应, 其中Cd和Cu分别为其他副产物的5.1~77.0倍和13.8~72.2倍; 牛肠对Li具有较强的吸收富集效应。与固原地区不同的是, 吴忠地区肉牛副产物中的Fe元素在牛肝中达到了最大值, 这可能与肉牛所喂养的饲料有关。
为了再次验证肉牛副产物中矿物元素的差异是否足以将不同副产物进行区分, 采用正交-偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA), 基于42种矿物元素构建固原(GY)和吴忠(WZ) 2个产地的牛肚(ND)、牛肝(NG)、牛心(NX)和牛肠(NC)的鉴别模型, 结果见图1A。该模型的解释变量(R2X)和预测能力(R2Y)分别为0.892和0.856, 说明模型分类良好, Q2为0.902, 对不同产地不同副产物具有良好的预测能力。根据OPLS-DA的判别结果, 各产地的各副产物能明显地区分开来, 且不同产地的同一类副产物明显的聚在一起。牛肠样品聚在第一象限, 牛心样品聚在第二象限, 牛肝样品聚在第三象限, 牛肚样品聚在第四象限。
为进一步找出对结果分型其贡献作用的变量, 得到OPLS-DA模型的差异变量(variable importance in the projection, VIP)值图(图1b)。选择VIP值大于 1作为判定标准, VIP值越大, 变量在不同副产物间差异越显著[27-28]。从图1b可以看出, Cs (1.582)、Na (1.577)、Li (1.475)、Cd (1.356)、Tl (1.294)、Rb (1.244)、Cr (1.235)、U (1.206)、Pt (1.190)、Ta (1.152)、Co (1.142)、Sc (1.123)、Mo (1.121)、Ni (1.089)、Zn (1.046)、Ir (1.015)、Sn (1.013)和Fe (1.001) 18个指标的VIP值大于1, 因此这些指标可以作为区分不同副产物的重要指标。同方差分析结果一致, 这些元素在不同副产物间的差异较大。
为了验证不同产地肉牛中矿物元素的差异性, 不区分副产物种类, 只按产地进行区分。采用OPLS-DA, 基于42种矿物元素构建固原(GY)和吴忠(WZ) 2个产地的鉴别模型, 结果见图2A。该模型的解释变量(R2X)和预测能力(R2Y)分别为0.877和0.965, 说明模型分类良好, Q2为0.938, 对不同产地具有良好的预测能力。根据OPLS-DA的判别结果, 固原(GY)和吴忠(WZ)肉牛样品能明显地区分开来。固原样品聚在第二、三象限, 吴忠样品聚在第一、四象限。
根据OPLS-DA模型的 VIP图(图2b)。选择VIP值大于1作为判定标准, 从图2b可以看出, Cs (3.558)、Cr (1.874)、Rb (1.573)、As (1.517)、Sn (1.366)、Nb (1.320)、Ni (1.306)、Li (1.297)、Sb (1.243)、Ti (1.048)、Hg (1.036) 11个指标的 VIP 值大于 1, 因此这些元素可以作为区分不同产地肉牛样品的重要指标。说明这些元素在固原和吴忠 2 个产地差异显著, 如Cs元素, 固原地区牛肚、牛肝、牛心和牛肠的Cs含量分别为吴忠地区的3.67、2.35、2.01和1.41倍; 虽然Hg元素在同一产地不同副产物间无显著差异, 固原地区牛肚、牛肝、牛心和牛肠的Hg含量分别为吴忠地区的1.04、0.42、0.79和0.68倍。
本研究通过采集固原市、吴忠市西门塔尔肉牛的牛心、牛肝、牛肠、牛肚4种副产物, 对不同产地不同副产物中矿物元素分布规律及差异进行研究。结果表明, 在检出的42种矿物元素中, 38种矿物元素在固原不同副产物中存在显著差异, 41种矿物元素在吴忠不同副产物中存在显著差异。
对照GB 2762—2022肉制品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr重金属的限量标准, 重金属元素不存在超标, 可安全食用。本研究发现, 不同产地肉牛副产物对元素吸收富集规律稍有差异, 动物体内矿物元素含量主要受天然沉积和人为添加的影响, 也能体现不同地域来源的独特信息, 所以这种差异主要源于不同地区的地理特异性、肉牛喂养饲料、饮用水等[29-30]。固原地区牛肚对重金属Ni和Cr, 稀土元素Eu、Gd、Nd、Pr、Sm以及其他元素中Nb、Sb、Sn具有较强的吸附累积效应, 牛肝对重金属Cd和Pb、微量元素Cu和Mo具有较强的吸收富集效应, 牛肠对重金属As、其他元素Sc和U具有较强的吸收富集效应; 吴忠牛肚对重金属As、Ni和Pb、中量元素Fe、稀土元素Eu、Gd、Nd和Sm以及其他元素中Nb、Sb、Sn、Sr、U、Y具有较强的吸附累积效应, 尤其是Ni元素, 牛肝对重金属Cd, 微量元素Zn、Cu和Mo具有较强的吸收富集效应, 牛肠对Li具有较强的吸收富集效应。牛心对矿物元素的富集能力较弱。牛肝和牛心中富含Fe、Zn、Se 3种人体所需的矿物元素。通过OPLS-DA判别分析方法建立了副产物种类和产地的分类模型, 不同副产物和不同产地样品均能很好的区分, 整体正确判别率均为100%。确定了Cs、Na、Li、Cd、Tl、Rb、Cr、U、Pt、Ta、Co、Sc、Mo、Ni、Zn、Ir、Sn和Fe 18个元素作为区分牛肚、牛肝、牛心和牛肠的关键特征元素, 确定了Cs、Cr、Rb、As、Sn、Nb、Ni、Li、Sb、Ti、Hg 11个可有效区分固原和吴忠产地的关键特征元素。
肉牛中富含有丰富的矿物质元素, 同时还富含脂肪、蛋白质、维生素等营养元素, 且每种微量元素都具有独特的生物学作用, 其中较为确定的是大约三分之一的病症是由这些微量元素不足或者失衡引起的。比如, 缺少锌会导致皮肤出现红色水泡和皮疹, 而缺铁则可能引发贫血[31]。如果身体内的铁、铜、锌含量下降, 免疫系统会受到影响, 增加患上细菌感染的风险, 并且一旦感染后, 患者的死亡风险也会上升[32]。本研究研究发现牛肝和牛心中富含Fe、Zn、Se 3种人体所需的矿物元素, 因此, 可以开发富含Fe、Zn、Se的功能性食品, 实现肉牛的高值化利用。2022年, 我国肉牛红、白脏器总产量约为123.46万t, 食品加工业利用仅有5%, 加工程度较低。因此, 肉牛副产品的开发潜力巨大, 其开发利用程度将直接影响食品工业、医药工业等相关产业的发展。针对不同副产物中营养元素含量可开发不同副产物产品, 实现肉牛副产物零排放、全价利用, 提高肉牛副产物附加值, 实现肉牛产业可持续发展。这些研究有助于建立肉牛副产物的品质数据库, 为企业新产品开发提供数据支撑。
  • 2023年宁夏农业科技自主创新专项科技创新引导项目(NKYG-23-04)
  • 2023年度宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BDE03012)
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250207001
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07
基金
2023年宁夏农业科技自主创新专项科技创新引导项目(NKYG-23-04)
2023年度宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BDE03012)
作者信息
    1 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所, 银川 750002
    2 合肥工业大学食品学院, 合肥 230002

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*赵子丹(1985—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量标准及检测技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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