Article(id=1216517518517257146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250324006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742745600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969978217, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969978217, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969978217, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969978217, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=65, endPage=72, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517519045739483, articleId=1216517518517257146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of 5 kinds of veterinary drug residues in lard and pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1216517518873773013, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Processing and Quality Safety of Animal Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 5 kinds of drugs (atropine, procaine, scopolamine, anisodamine and lidocaine) in lard and pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The pretreatment conditions and instrument parameters were optimized. HLB Pro solid-phase extraction cartridges were used for purification, with 1 mL of 30% acetonitrile and 1 mL of pure acetonitrile for elution. The residues of the 5 kinds of veterinary drugs in lard and pork were determined under the following conditions: 5 kV capillary voltage, 540 °C desolvation gas temperature at 13 L/min, 2 L/min nebulizer gas flow, 1.2 L/min cone gas flow, and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Results The calibration curves of the 5 kinds of drugs showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-10.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient (r2)>0.9950. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.013 to 0.142 µg/kg. Recoveries were between 84.72% and 106.24%, and precision (n=6) ranged from 0.45% to 7.32%. No target drug residues were detected in the tested pork and lard samples. Conclusion This study establishes a detection method based on a domestically produced LC-MS/MS system and HLB Pro solid-phase extraction columns, providing a cost-effective and reliable solution for the efficient screening of the 5 kinds of veterinary drug residues in pork and lard.

, correspAuthors=Lei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei LIU, Ji-Wei YANG, Ying ZHOU, Jian LI, Wen-Feng TONG, Qiao XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517520614408286, articleId=1216517518517257146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪油与猪肉中5种兽药残留, columnId=1216517519259652225, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:动物性食品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)测定猪油与猪肉中阿托品、普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱和利多卡因等5种药物的分析方法。方法 优化前处理条件及仪器参数, 使用HLB Pro固相萃取小柱净化, 1 mL 30 %乙腈和1 mL纯乙腈洗脱。在5 kV毛细管高压, 540 ℃ 13 L/min去溶剂气, 2 L/min雾化气, 1.2 L/min反吹气, 多反应监测模式等条件下测定猪油与猪肉中5种兽药残留。结果 5种药物在0.1~10.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内相关系数(r2)大于等于0.9981, 定量限在0.013~0.142 µg/kg, 回收率在84.72%~106.24%, 精密度在0.45%~7.32% (n=6), 测试的猪油与猪肉样品中未检出药物残留。结论 本研究基于LC-MS/MS和HLB pro固相萃取柱建立的检测方法, 为猪肉和猪油中5种兽药残留的高效筛查提供了经济可靠的解决方案。

, correspAuthors=刘磊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘磊(1998—), 男, 硕士, 主要研究方向为国产质谱仪应用研究。E-mail:
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Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, 50(11): 925-930., articleTitle=Analysis and countermeasures of inaccurate factors existing in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the quantitative determination of biological samples, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921337155743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=11, pageStart=1944, pageEnd=1950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=57, authorNames=刘霏霏, 王玉珠, journalName=药物分析杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘霏霏, 王玉珠. 生物样品药物浓度检测中基质效应相关问题的探讨[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2024, 44(11): 1944-1950., articleTitle=生物样品药物浓度检测中基质效应相关问题的探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921429430435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=11, pageStart=1944, pageEnd=1950, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=58, authorNames=LIU FF, WANG YZ, journalName=Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU FF, WANG YZ. Discussion on matrix effects in drug concentration detection of biological samples[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024, 44(11): 1944-1950., articleTitle=Discussion on matrix effects in drug concentration detection of biological samples, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217127903209373939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127903221956852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, companyId=1217127903209373939, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Hangzhou Puyu Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311305, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127903263899893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, companyId=1217127903209373939, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 杭州谱育科技发展有限公司, 杭州 311305)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217127903389729023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127903398117633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, companyId=1217127903389729023, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Zhejiang Grain and Oil Trade Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311305, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127903410700548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, companyId=1217127903389729023, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 浙江省粮油贸易有限公司, 杭州 311305)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217127908896850570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different SPE columns on method accuracy, figureFileSmall=+djrBqxCMP8gabqukNMWrw==, figureFileBig=8PBuNadsC+LB0pBdYTxn5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909010096792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同SPE柱对方法准确性的影响, figureFileSmall=+djrBqxCMP8gabqukNMWrw==, figureFileBig=8PBuNadsC+LB0pBdYTxn5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909131731617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different purification steps of HLB extraction columns on method accuracy, figureFileSmall=OSACfGHp4KcqZYhCUrhuhw==, figureFileBig=Ce8gPuk2Ns3Ccgu+rB4A7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909307892394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HLB萃取柱不同净化步骤对方法准确性的影响, figureFileSmall=OSACfGHp4KcqZYhCUrhuhw==, figureFileBig=Ce8gPuk2Ns3Ccgu+rB4A7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909433721525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Extracted ion flow diagram of the target before and after optimisation, figureFileSmall=dGcBQ2wdNsWyf16uoqfGOg==, figureFileBig=HsQosFIct7ZQRhWd53sz/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909559550653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=图3, caption=优化前后目标物的提取离子流图

注: 1. 普鲁卡因; 2. 东莨菪碱; 3. 山莨菪碱; 4. 阿托品; 5. 利多卡因。

, figureFileSmall=dGcBQ2wdNsWyf16uoqfGOg==, figureFileBig=HsQosFIct7ZQRhWd53sz/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909639242435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of response before and after optimisation of mass spectrometry parameters at 0.1 ng/mL, figureFileSmall=Ultubiose4LFiPCHx2tirA==, figureFileBig=yvV2t8a0GDHJqFaBv1Xgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909760877263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=图4, caption=0.1 ng/mL优化质谱参数前后响应对比, figureFileSmall=Ultubiose4LFiPCHx2tirA==, figureFileBig=yvV2t8a0GDHJqFaBv1Xgsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127909882512086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Table of gradient elution procedures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 90 10
0.5 90 10
4.5 5 95
5.3 5 95
5.8 90 10
6.5 90 10
), ArticleFig(id=1217127910004146908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 90 10
0.5 90 10
4.5 5 95
5.3 5 95
5.8 90 10
6.5 90 10
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911333741284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of MRM mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 CAS号 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能/eV
普鲁卡因 59-46-1 2.48 237.2 100.2 16*
237.2 164.1 18
东莨菪碱 51-34-3 2.96 304.2 138.2 23*
304.2 156.2 17
山莨菪碱 55869-99-3 3.10 306.2 140.2 27*
306.2 122.2 30
阿托品 51-55-8 3.31 290.3 124.2 27*
290.3 93.2 36
利多卡因 137-58-6 3.40 235.2 86.2 23*
235.2 58.2 38
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911484736238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MRM参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 CAS号 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能/eV
普鲁卡因 59-46-1 2.48 237.2 100.2 16*
237.2 164.1 18
东莨菪碱 51-34-3 2.96 304.2 138.2 23*
304.2 156.2 17
山莨菪碱 55869-99-3 3.10 306.2 140.2 27*
306.2 122.2 30
阿托品 51-55-8 3.31 290.3 124.2 27*
290.3 93.2 36
利多卡因 137-58-6 3.40 235.2 86.2 23*
235.2 58.2 38
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911631536886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Purification steps for different SPE columns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 活化 上样量/mL 淋洗 洗脱 参考文献
HLB Pro 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈和纯乙腈各1 mL [18]
PEP-2 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈2 mL [19-21]
Oasis MCX 3cc 3 mL甲醇, 3 mL水 5 甲醇3 mL 氨水甲醇2 mL [18]
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911795114753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同SPE柱的净化步骤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 活化 上样量/mL 淋洗 洗脱 参考文献
HLB Pro 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈和纯乙腈各1 mL [18]
PEP-2 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈2 mL [19-21]
Oasis MCX 3cc 3 mL甲醇, 3 mL水 5 甲醇3 mL 氨水甲醇2 mL [18]
), ArticleFig(id=1217127911895778057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Purification steps of HLB Pro extraction cartridges

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 活化 上样量/mL 淋洗 洗脱 参考文献
HLB-1 5 水5 mL 2 mL甲醇/5%氨水甲醇 [28]
HLB-2 5 [25]
HLB-3 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈和纯乙腈各1 mL [18]
HLB-4 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈2 mL [18]
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912029995791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HLB Pro萃取小柱的净化步骤

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 活化 上样量/mL 淋洗 洗脱 参考文献
HLB-1 5 水5 mL 2 mL甲醇/5%氨水甲醇 [28]
HLB-2 5 [25]
HLB-3 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈和纯乙腈各1 mL [18]
HLB-4 10 mL甲醇, 10 mL水 10 水3 mL, 5%甲醇3 mL 30%乙腈2 mL [18]
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912155824920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Evaluation of MEs of procaine, scopolamine, scopolamine, atropine and lidocaine in lard/pork matrices (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 猪油基质 猪肉基质
AM/cps AS/cps MEs/% AM/cps AS/cps MEs/%
普鲁卡因 4.98e4 5.29e4 -5.86 9.45e3 1.05e4 -10.00
山莨菪碱 2.83e4 2.78e4 1.80 2.63e3 2.87e3 -8.36
东莨菪碱 3.86e4 4.09e4 -5.62 5.17e3 5.78e3 -10.55
阿托品 6.03e4 6.48e4 -6.94 1.06e4 1.14e4 -7.01
利多卡因 5.65e4 6.36e4 -11.16 2.00e4 2.22e4 -9.90
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912285848349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

普鲁卡因、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因在猪油/猪肉基质中的MEs评价(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 猪油基质 猪肉基质
AM/cps AS/cps MEs/% AM/cps AS/cps MEs/%
普鲁卡因 4.98e4 5.29e4 -5.86 9.45e3 1.05e4 -10.00
山莨菪碱 2.83e4 2.78e4 1.80 2.63e3 2.87e3 -8.36
东莨菪碱 3.86e4 4.09e4 -5.62 5.17e3 5.78e3 -10.55
阿托品 6.03e4 6.48e4 -6.94 1.06e4 1.14e4 -7.01
利多卡因 5.65e4 6.36e4 -11.16 2.00e4 2.22e4 -9.90
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912411677476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Linearity and sensitivity evaluation of lard and pork matrix methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 线性范围/(ng/mL) 猪油基质 猪肉基质
线性方程 相关系数
(r2)
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
线性方程 相关系数
(r2)
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
普鲁卡因 0.1~10.0 Y=38495.8122X+
1587.7854
0.9984 0.016 0.054 Y=32936.2698X+
731.6323
0.9983 0.004 0.013
东莨菪碱 0.1~10.0 Y=18673.2164X+
332.2907
0.9981 0.043 0.142 Y=19735.3949X+
1107.9807
0.9996 0.014 0.043
山莨菪碱 0.1~10.0 Y=13760.8401X+
426.5103
0.9990 0.035 0.117 Y=19244.7371X+
265.9196
0.9994 0.006 0.018
阿托品 0.1~10.0 Y=22026.2824X+
838.6389
0.9987 0.040 0.133 Y=45626.8337X+
1656.8364
0.9998 0.009 0.028
利多卡因 0.1~10.0 Y=85676.7768X+
2731.3468
0.9992 0.017 0.057 Y=95095.6224X+
3086.4863
0.9984 0.006 0.019
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912558478125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

猪油与猪肉基质方法线性与灵敏度评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 线性范围/(ng/mL) 猪油基质 猪肉基质
线性方程 相关系数
(r2)
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
线性方程 相关系数
(r2)
LODs
/(μg/kg)
LOQs
/(μg/kg)
普鲁卡因 0.1~10.0 Y=38495.8122X+
1587.7854
0.9984 0.016 0.054 Y=32936.2698X+
731.6323
0.9983 0.004 0.013
东莨菪碱 0.1~10.0 Y=18673.2164X+
332.2907
0.9981 0.043 0.142 Y=19735.3949X+
1107.9807
0.9996 0.014 0.043
山莨菪碱 0.1~10.0 Y=13760.8401X+
426.5103
0.9990 0.035 0.117 Y=19244.7371X+
265.9196
0.9994 0.006 0.018
阿托品 0.1~10.0 Y=22026.2824X+
838.6389
0.9987 0.040 0.133 Y=45626.8337X+
1656.8364
0.9998 0.009 0.028
利多卡因 0.1~10.0 Y=85676.7768X+
2731.3468
0.9992 0.017 0.057 Y=95095.6224X+
3086.4863
0.9984 0.006 0.019
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912675918645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of spiked recovery test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 加标浓度/(μg/kg) 猪油基质 猪肉基质
回收率/% 日内RSDs/% 日间RSDs/% 回收率/% 日内RSDs/% 日间RSDs/%
普鲁卡因 0.5 86.45 6.50 7.32 89.25 3.47 2.88
2.0 90.73 1.88 2.06 106.24 3.54 3.69
5.0 95.68 2.35 1.87 84.72 3.16 2.75
东莨菪碱 0.5 96.61 6.24 5.56 90.26 1.72 3.01
2.0 91.88 1.58 3.02 92.39 4.94 5.89
5.0 101.18 3.96 3.68 89.99 2.50 5.01
山莨菪碱 0.5 92.44 3.33 4.21 87.56 3.33 3.46
2.0 92.50 2.89 3.37 98.82 3.93 4.22
5.0 105.25 2.87 2.33 91.22 1.90 2.65
阿托品 0.5 89.14 5.47 5.02 96.81 1.35 0.96
2.0 92.75 1.97 3.01 103.55 4.12 3.78
5.0 100.98 1.84 1.02 89.51 0.46 0.56
利多卡因 0.5 88.42 5.12 4.43 87.64 3.70 2.58
2.0 92.40 1.95 2.78 92.67 4.33 4.56
5.0 91.55 3.23 2.96 95.10 1.17 0.45
), ArticleFig(id=1217127912814330687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518517257146, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

加标回收率实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分 加标浓度/(μg/kg) 猪油基质 猪肉基质
回收率/% 日内RSDs/% 日间RSDs/% 回收率/% 日内RSDs/% 日间RSDs/%
普鲁卡因 0.5 86.45 6.50 7.32 89.25 3.47 2.88
2.0 90.73 1.88 2.06 106.24 3.54 3.69
5.0 95.68 2.35 1.87 84.72 3.16 2.75
东莨菪碱 0.5 96.61 6.24 5.56 90.26 1.72 3.01
2.0 91.88 1.58 3.02 92.39 4.94 5.89
5.0 101.18 3.96 3.68 89.99 2.50 5.01
山莨菪碱 0.5 92.44 3.33 4.21 87.56 3.33 3.46
2.0 92.50 2.89 3.37 98.82 3.93 4.22
5.0 105.25 2.87 2.33 91.22 1.90 2.65
阿托品 0.5 89.14 5.47 5.02 96.81 1.35 0.96
2.0 92.75 1.97 3.01 103.55 4.12 3.78
5.0 100.98 1.84 1.02 89.51 0.46 0.56
利多卡因 0.5 88.42 5.12 4.43 87.64 3.70 2.58
2.0 92.40 1.95 2.78 92.67 4.33 4.56
5.0 91.55 3.23 2.96 95.10 1.17 0.45
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液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪油与猪肉中5种兽药残留
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刘磊 1, * , 杨继伟 1 , 周颖 2 , 李剑 1 , 童文烽 1 , 徐巧 1
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:动物性食品加工与质量安全 2025,16(15): 65-72
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:动物性食品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(15): 65-72
液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪油与猪肉中5种兽药残留
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刘磊1, * , 杨继伟1, 周颖2, 李剑1, 童文烽1, 徐巧1
作者信息
  • 1 杭州谱育科技发展有限公司, 杭州 311305
  • 2 浙江省粮油贸易有限公司, 杭州 311305

通讯作者:

*刘磊(1998—), 男, 硕士, 主要研究方向为国产质谱仪应用研究。E-mail:
Determination of 5 kinds of veterinary drug residues in lard and pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Lei LIU1, * , Ji-Wei YANG1, Ying ZHOU2, Jian LI1, Wen-Feng TONG1, Qiao XU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Hangzhou Puyu Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311305, China
  • 2 Zhejiang Grain and Oil Trade Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311305, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250324006
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目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)测定猪油与猪肉中阿托品、普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱和利多卡因等5种药物的分析方法。方法 优化前处理条件及仪器参数, 使用HLB Pro固相萃取小柱净化, 1 mL 30 %乙腈和1 mL纯乙腈洗脱。在5 kV毛细管高压, 540 ℃ 13 L/min去溶剂气, 2 L/min雾化气, 1.2 L/min反吹气, 多反应监测模式等条件下测定猪油与猪肉中5种兽药残留。结果 5种药物在0.1~10.0 ng/mL质量浓度范围内相关系数(r2)大于等于0.9981, 定量限在0.013~0.142 µg/kg, 回收率在84.72%~106.24%, 精密度在0.45%~7.32% (n=6), 测试的猪油与猪肉样品中未检出药物残留。结论 本研究基于LC-MS/MS和HLB pro固相萃取柱建立的检测方法, 为猪肉和猪油中5种兽药残留的高效筛查提供了经济可靠的解决方案。

液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  猪油  /  猪肉  /  药物残留  /  固相萃取法

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 5 kinds of drugs (atropine, procaine, scopolamine, anisodamine and lidocaine) in lard and pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The pretreatment conditions and instrument parameters were optimized. HLB Pro solid-phase extraction cartridges were used for purification, with 1 mL of 30% acetonitrile and 1 mL of pure acetonitrile for elution. The residues of the 5 kinds of veterinary drugs in lard and pork were determined under the following conditions: 5 kV capillary voltage, 540 °C desolvation gas temperature at 13 L/min, 2 L/min nebulizer gas flow, 1.2 L/min cone gas flow, and multiple reaction monitoring mode. Results The calibration curves of the 5 kinds of drugs showed good linearity in the mass concentration range of 0.1-10.0 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient (r2)>0.9950. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.013 to 0.142 µg/kg. Recoveries were between 84.72% and 106.24%, and precision (n=6) ranged from 0.45% to 7.32%. No target drug residues were detected in the tested pork and lard samples. Conclusion This study establishes a detection method based on a domestically produced LC-MS/MS system and HLB Pro solid-phase extraction columns, providing a cost-effective and reliable solution for the efficient screening of the 5 kinds of veterinary drug residues in pork and lard.

liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  pork  /  lard  /  drug residues  /  solid-phase extraction
刘磊, 杨继伟, 周颖, 李剑, 童文烽, 徐巧. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪油与猪肉中5种兽药残留. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 65 -72 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250324006
Lei LIU, Ji-Wei YANG, Ying ZHOU, Jian LI, Wen-Feng TONG, Qiao XU. Determination of 5 kinds of veterinary drug residues in lard and pork by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 65 -72 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250324006
猪肉是全球消费最广泛的肉类之一, 尤其在亚洲国家(如中国)占据重要地位。据统计, 中国猪肉年消费量占全球总量的约50%[1-2]。猪油作为传统食用油和食品加工原料, 在烹饪、糕点制作等领域广泛应用[3-4], 其安全性直接影响消费者健康。在猪的养殖过程中, 为了促进其生长发育、增加体重并预防疾病, 抗生素和抗寄生虫药等兽药被广泛使用[5]。阿托品(C17H23NO3)、东莨菪碱(C17H21NO4)和山莨菪碱(C17H23NO4)是M-胆碱能受体阻断剂, 具有缓解平滑肌痉挛、抑制腺体分泌、缓解迷走神经对心脏的抑制和刺激呼吸中枢等药理作用[6-8]。普鲁卡因(C13H20N2O2)和利多卡因(C14H22N2O)是常用的酰胺类局部麻醉药, 用于浸润传导麻醉、硬膜外麻醉和封闭治疗[9-10]。牲畜被注射药物后, 因抑制腺体分泌, 口渴而大量饮水, 又因麻醉功效缓解了疼痛, 最终体重增加从而获利[11]。然而, 违规使用的兽药在肉中残留, 可能会通过食物链蓄积在人体中, 导致精神与身体受到损伤[12-14]。建立准确测定猪油、猪肉中兽药残留的方法, 对保障食品安全具有重要意义。
固相萃取(solid-phase extraction, SPE)法具有富集倍数高、有机溶剂消耗少、分析物易收集等特点, 与色谱联用技术在样品中痕量药物残留检测中越来越重要[15-17]。然而, 前处理材料成本以及对仪器的高要求导致兽药残留的检测存在许多限制, 且不同的净化方式需要确定回收率达标才能够进行实际应用。此前的研究对于仪器与前处理材料的要求较高, 无法普及至基层检测机构, 且未具体说明检测的基质类型, 实际应用效果难以评估[18]。GB 31658.19—2022《食品安全国家标准 动物性食品中阿托品、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、利多卡因、普鲁卡因残留量的测定 液相色谱-串联质谱法》中使用PEP-2小柱作为净化材料。然而, 使用该前处理方法净化时回收率较差, 利多卡因无法满足回收率60%以上的最低要求。PEP-2萃取柱表面键合有吡咯烷酮和微量的脲基官能团, 多用于吸附水中的极性化合物[19-21], 针对复杂油脂类基质的净化能力不足, 且利多卡因等药物不溶于水, 标准方法保留与洗脱能力不足导致回收率较低[22-23]。HLB Pro以二乙烯基苯和吡咯烷酮为基质, 同时具有亲水性和疏水性, 对各类极性、非极性化合物具有均衡的吸附作用, 易被定量洗脱, 回收率高, 广泛应用于动物源食品、生物样品净化处理, 能够满足利多卡因等兽药回收率要求[24-26]
本研究针对猪肉和猪油两类高脂基质特性, 系统优化了前处理净化方法及仪器分析条件, 建立了高效、低成本的兽药残留检测技术体系。在方法优化方面, 采用HLB Pro SPE柱作为净化材料, 通过增加纯溶剂洗脱步骤显著提高了目标兽药的回收率; 同时基于国产液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱仪(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)平台[27], 在保证检测灵敏度与可靠性的前提下, 有效降低了检测成本。该研究不仅为国产检测设备的推广应用提供了技术支撑, 有助于降低对进口仪器的依赖性, 其简便高效的前处理方法更可为基层检测机构开展猪肉及猪油质量安全监管提供可靠的技术手段, 具有重要的实践应用价值。
猪油与猪肉采购自杭州市3家大型连锁超市(山姆、永辉、盒马鲜生), 当日现切生鲜类食品。
阿托品、普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、利多卡因标准溶液(质量浓度均为100 μg/mL, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); 甲醇、甲酸、乙腈(色谱纯, 德国Merck公司); 磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸(分析纯, 上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司)。
HLB Pro萃取小柱(200 mg, 6 mL)、0.22 μm滤膜(上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); PEP-2萃取小柱(500 mg, 6 mL)(天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司); Oasis MCX 3cc (60 mg、3 mL)、Waters BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)(美国Waters公司); ULC 510超高效液相色谱仪、EXPEC 5210 LC-MS/MS(杭州谱育科技发展有限公司); TGL-16M冷冻离心机(湖南湘仪集团); BSA224S-CW万分之一天平(德国Sartorius公司); 230V-EU PLUG涡旋混匀器(美国Labnet公司); Cascada I超纯水仪(美国PALL公司)。
取新鲜猪肉/猪油绞碎均质, -18 ℃下保存。称取试样2 g (±0.05 g)于50 mL离心管, 加入0.1 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液20 mL, 60 ℃水浴加热10 min, 涡旋1 min后振荡10 min, 4 ℃下10000 r/min离心10 min。准确移取10 mL上清液至另一离心管, 加入0.2 mol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液5 mL, 混匀备用。
使用5 mL甲醇与5 mL水活化HLB Pro萃取小柱(200 mg/6 mL), 移取全部备用液加载于萃取柱, 3 mL水淋洗并抽干, 使用1 mL 30%乙腈与1 mL纯乙腈洗脱并抽干, 收集洗脱液, 过0.22 μm有机尼龙滤膜, 供LC-MS/MS测定。
Waters BEH C18色谱柱 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm); 流速0.3 mL/min; 进样量2 μL; 流动相A为0.1%甲酸溶液, 流动相B为甲醇; 梯度洗脱程序见表1
质谱运行模式为电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization, ESI)正离子模式, 毛细管高压4.5 kV, 去溶剂气流速13 L/min, 反吹气流速1.2 L/min, 碰撞气流量0.55 L/min, 雾化气流量2 L/min, 去溶剂气温度540 ℃, 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式, 各化合物监测离子对、碰撞电压等参数见表2
使用30%乙腈溶液将阿托品、普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱和利多卡因混合标准溶液稀释成0.1~10.0 ng/mL质量浓度的标准工作液供LC-MS/MS测定, 以各药物特征离子质量色谱峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 基质匹配标准溶液质量浓度为横坐标(X, ng/mL), 绘制标准曲线, 求回归方程与决定系数。
采用与EXPEC 5210 LC-MS/MS配套的一体化数据处理软件导出谱图信息并对实验结果进行分析(杭州谱与科技发展有限公司), 所有实验设置6组平行, 结果表示为平均值±标准偏差, 回收率结果表示为平均值, 并计算其相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD); 使用Office 2024进行数据处理与表格制备。
分别采用HLB Pro、PEP-2及Oasis MCX 3cc 3种SPE小柱对猪油/猪肉加标样品进行前处理, 步骤如表3所示。以回收率结果作为评价指标, 结果如图1所示。HLB Pro萃取小柱净化5种化合物回收率在96.29%~113.41%之间; PEP-2净化后, 普鲁卡因、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和阿托品回收率在56.12%~93.74%之间, 而利多卡因回收率仅为0.81%; Oasis MCX 3cc萃取小柱富集效果不佳, 回收率均不足20.00%, 不符合GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》中的要求(当被测组分含量<0.1 mg/kg时, 回收率应控制在60%~120%之间), 因此选取HLB Pro萃取小柱进行净化处理。
采用HLB Pro萃取小柱对猪油/猪肉加标样品进行前处理, 具体操作步骤如表4所示。以回收率结果作为评价指标, 结果如图2所示。HLB-3组中5种化合物回收率在96.29%~113.41%之间; HLB-1组普鲁卡因、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因回收率在57.79%~86.62%; HLB-2组普鲁卡因、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因回收率为0%, 未能洗脱下来; HLB-4组普鲁卡因、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和阿托品等回收率在50%~100%之间, 而利多卡因回收率为0%; HLB-1、HLB-2、HLB-4组均不符合标准最低回收率要求, 因此选取HLB-3组的条件进行净化。
为保证阿托品、普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱和利多卡因的准确定量, 验证了液相梯度与流速(0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mL/min)、碰撞能、质谱参数: 毛细管高压(4.0、4.2、4.4、4.6、4.8、5.0、5.2 kV)、去溶剂气温度(400、450、480、500、520、540、560 ℃)、雾化气流速(1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0 mL/min)、去溶剂气流速(6、8、10、12、13、14、15 mL/min)、反吹气流速(0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4 mL/min)对阿托品、普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱和利多卡因分离度和灵敏度的影响。结果表明, 当使用表1中的洗脱梯度, 流速在0.2~0.5 mL/min范围内观察分离度情况, 发现流速在0.2~0.3 mL/min时分离度较好, 两者差异较低, 但0.2 mL/min流速下出峰时间较晚, 峰略宽。而流速在0.4~0.5 mL/min时, 山莨菪碱未实现基线分离, 因此确定流速为0.3 mL/min, 该流速下出双峰的山莨菪碱分离度满足要求(图3); 同时对质谱参数进行了优化, 使用“三通模式”, 主路由液相连接至质谱离子源, 中间段连接蠕动泵, 泵入高浓度的标准溶液, 扫描标准品的离子信号, 通过调节离子源参数, 实时观察信号变化, 优化出该类物质检测的最佳离子源参数。使用该参数进行实际样品测试, 结果表明: 当毛细管高压5 kV, 去溶剂气540 ℃, 雾化气2 L/min, 去溶剂气13 L/min, 反吹气1.2 L/min时, 响应提升5倍(图4), 信噪比提升3~5倍。
针对LC-MS/MS检测过程中基质效应(matrix effect, ME)对检测结果准确度的影响[29], 本研究通过溶剂与基质标准品响应值的比值来评估普鲁卡因、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因在猪油与猪肉中的ME。计算公式: ME/%=(AM/AS-1)×100%[30]。式中: AM为基质标准品响应值; AS为溶剂标准品响应值。ME的绝对值在0%~20%之间表明ME较弱; ME大于20%表明ME明显[30], 影响样品分析准确性。结果如表5所示, 猪油与猪肉基质中5种药物MEs的绝对值在12%以内, 排除基质对测定结果准确度的干扰。
猪油与猪肉基质目标物线性关系与灵敏度结果如表6所示: 普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因在0.1~10.0 ng/mL线性范围内的相关系数(r2)大于等于0.9981, 线性关系良好。
逐步稀释混合标准品测试, 以信噪比S/N=3或10时的浓度为LOD或LOQ。猪油基质中普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因的LOQs在0.054~0.142 μg/kg; 猪肉基质LOQs在0.013~0.043 μg/kg, 表明该方法灵敏度较好, 优于标准中的测定要求。
在空白猪油与猪肉基质中加入一定浓度标准品, 按照1.2.1前处理方式进行0.5、2.0、5.0 ng/mL 3个质量浓度的加标回收实验(n=6)。结果如表7所示, 猪油基质中, 回收率在86.45%~105.25%, 日内RSDs在1.58%~6.50%, 日间RSDs在1.02%~7.32%; 猪肉基质中, 回收率在84.72%~106.24%, 日内RSDs在0.46%~4.94%, 日间RSDs在0.45%~5.89%。精密度良好, 满足检测需求。
将来自3种超市的猪油与猪肉分别混匀, 增加基质的复杂性与覆盖性, 按照本研究前处理方式及仪器条件进行测试, 5种药物对应的定性定量通道均未出峰, 无药物残留情况。
本研究针对现有标准方法检测肉制品中普鲁卡因等5种药物残留时存在的回收率偏低和依赖进口高成本仪器等关键问题, 创新性地开发了一种基于国产EXPEC 5210 LC-MS/MS测定猪油与猪肉基质中普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因等5种药物的定量分析方法。使用200 mg/6 mL的HLB Pro萃取小柱并优化净化萃取条件, 5种药物回收率在96.29%~113.41%之间, 实际加标量为0.5、2.0、5.0 ng/mL的回收实验中, 猪油样品加标回收率在86.45%~105.25%, 猪肉样品加标回收率在84.72%~106.24%。优化液相色谱与质谱参数, 灵敏度提高3~5倍, 猪油基质中普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因的LOQs为0.054~0.142 μg/kg; 猪肉基质中普鲁卡因、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱、阿托品和利多卡因的LOQs为0.013~0.043 μg/kg。在0.1~10.0 ng/mL线性范围内的相关系数(r2)大于等于0.9981, 线性良好; 猪油基质日内RSDs在1.58%~6.50%, 日间RSDs在1.02%~7.32%; 猪肉基质日内RSDs在0.46%~4.94%, 日间RSDs在0.45%~5.89%。该方法基质干扰程度均在20%以内, 满足实际样品测试需求, 能够准确对猪油、猪肉中5种药物残留量进行快速、准确、稳定的定量分析。该方法不仅解决了复杂基质中多组分同时检测的技术难题, 更为基层实验室开展常规药物残留监测提供了可靠且经济实用的解决方案, 具有重要的推广应用价值。
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250324006
  • 接收时间:2025-03-24
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24
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    1 杭州谱育科技发展有限公司, 杭州 311305
    2 浙江省粮油贸易有限公司, 杭州 311305

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*刘磊(1998—), 男, 硕士, 主要研究方向为国产质谱仪应用研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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