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Article(id=1216517518269796456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250227002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740585600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969978157, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969978157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969978157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969978157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=101, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517518676643953, articleId=1216517518269796456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Fluorescent aptamer sensors based on MXene materials and X-type DNA for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+, columnId=1216517518575980656, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Biosensors in Food Safety Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To construct a novel fluorescent aptamer sensor based on MXene nanomaterials by combining X-type DNA with aptamers for the simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in food. Methods X-type DNA structures were prepared by complementary base pairing, and in the presence of Pb2+ and Cd2+, the aptamer within the X-type DNA structure specifically bound to the target ions and triggers desorption from the MXene surface, thereby restoring the fluorescent signal. Results Under the optimal experimental conditions, the fluorescence signal intensity was linearly correlated with Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the range of 0.5-500.0 nmol/L, with the limits of detection were 0.33 nmol/L and 0.28 nmol/L, respectively, and the results showed that the sensor had good working performance. Conclusion The fluorescent biosensor prepared in this study has been successfully applied to the spiked analysis of tap water and cornmeal with good recoveries, indicating that it can be used as an effective tool for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in food.

, correspAuthors=Zhi-Guang SUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tian BAI, Jia-Yi SUN, Rui-Shu JIA, Zhi-Guang SUO, Min WEI, Hua-Li JIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517520845099222, articleId=1216517518269796456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于MXene材料和X型DNA的荧光适配体传感器检测Pb2+和Cd2+, columnId=1216517518756335730, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题：生物传感器在食品安全检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 基于MXene纳米材料, 利用X型DNA和适配体构建了一种新型荧光适配体传感器, 用于同时检测食品中的Pb2+和Cd2+。方法 利用碱基互补配对制备X型DNA结构, 在Pb2+和Cd2+存在的情况下, X型DNA结构中的适配体与目标物特异性结合, 并触发MXene表面的解吸, 从而恢复荧光信号。结果 在最佳实验条件下, 荧光信号强度与Pb2+和Cd2+在0.5~500.0 nmol/L范围内呈线性相关, 检出限分别为0.33 nmol/L和0.28 nmol/L, 结果表明该传感器具有良好的工作性能。结论 本研究制备的荧光生物传感器已成功应用于自来水和麦片的加标分析, 具有良好的回收率, 表明可作为检测食品中Pb2+和Cd2+的有效工具。, correspAuthors=索志光, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*索志光(1991—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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白天(1991—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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白天(1991—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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白天(1991—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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Materials Letters, 2013, 109: 295-298., articleTitle=Synthesis of a new graphene-like transition metal carbide by de-intercalating Ti3AlC2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921337155742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=90, issue=21, pageStart=12737, pageEnd=12744, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHANG Q, WANG F, ZHANG H, journalName=Analytical Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, WANG F, ZHANG H, et al. Universal Ti3C2 MXenes based self-standard ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer platform for highly sensitive detection of exosomes[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 90(21): 12737-12744., articleTitle=Universal Ti3C2 MXenes based self-standard ratiometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer platform for highly sensitive detection of exosomes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921425236129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=236, pageEnd=242, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=36, authorNames=何祖宇, 李普旺, 周闯, journalName=现代化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何祖宇, 李普旺, 周闯, 等. 羧甲基壳聚糖基水凝胶修饰电极的制备及其对Cd2+和Pb2+的同时检测研究[J]. 现代化工, 2023, 43(11): 236-242., articleTitle=羧甲基壳聚糖基水凝胶修饰电极的制备及其对Cd2+和Pb2+的同时检测研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921530093733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=236, pageEnd=242, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=37, authorNames=HE ZY, LI PW, ZHOU C, journalName=Modern Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE ZY, LI PW, ZHOU C, et al. 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Modern Chemical Industry, 2023, 43(11): 236-242., articleTitle=Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogel-modified electrode and its simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921622368427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=38, authorNames=乔欣, journalName=碳基材料构建的电化学传感方法应用于铅离子、镉离子的检测, refType=null, unstructuredReference=乔欣. 碳基材料构建的电化学传感方法应用于铅离子、镉离子的检测[D]. 长沙: 中南林业科技大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921710448811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=39, authorNames=QIAO X, journalName=Electrochemical sensing method constructed by carbon-based materials for the detection of lead ions and cadmium ions, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAO X. Electrochemical sensing method constructed by carbon-based materials for the detection of lead ions and cadmium ions[D]. Changsha: Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921802723500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=232, issue=null, pageStart=118163, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=40, authorNames=ZHANG Y, CHEN L, YANG J, journalName=Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y, CHEN L, YANG J, et al. An “OR-AND” logic gate based multifunctional colorimetric sensor for the discrimination of Pb2+ and Cd2+[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2020, 232: 118163., articleTitle=An “OR-AND” logic gate based multifunctional colorimetric sensor for the discrimination of Pb2+ and Cd2+, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921894998193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=701, issue=2, pageStart=157, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=41, authorNames=LI M, LI DW, LI YT, journalName=Analytica Chimica Acta, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI M, LI DW, LI YT, et al. Highly selective in situ metal ion determination by hybrid electrochemical “adsorption-desorption” and colorimetric methods[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011, 701(2): 157-163., articleTitle=Highly selective in situ metal ion determination by hybrid electrochemical “adsorption-desorption” and colorimetric methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127921983078579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=336, issue=null, pageStart=116239, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=42, authorNames=DESAI ML, BASU H, SAHA S, journalName=Journal of Molecular Liquids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DESAI ML, BASU H, SAHA S, et al. Fluorescence enhancement of bovine serum albumin gold nanoclusters from La3+ ion: Detection of four divalent metal ions (Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+)[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 336: 116239., articleTitle=Fluorescence enhancement of bovine serum albumin gold nanoclusters from La3+ ion: Detection of four divalent metal ions (Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127922096324791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=144, issue=null, pageStart=296, pageEnd=302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=43, authorNames=CHEN M, KUTSANEDZIE FYH, CHENG W, journalName=Microchemical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN M, KUTSANEDZIE FYH, CHENG W, et al. Ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by inner filter-based upconversion nanoparticle-dithizone nanosystem[J]. Microchemical Journal, 2019, 144: 296-302., articleTitle=Ratiometric fluorescence detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by inner filter-based upconversion nanoparticle-dithizone nanosystem, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217127916232688597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, awardId=242103810070, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省重点研发与推广专项(242103810070), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217127916358517728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, awardId=21421234, language=CN, fundingSource=河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划项目(21421234), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217127907210740237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127907223323155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, companyId=1217127907210740237, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Henan Institute of Food and Salt Industry Inspection Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127907235906066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, companyId=1217127907210740237, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河南省食品和盐业检验技术研究院, 郑州 450000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217127907332375063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127907344957980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, companyId=1217127907332375063, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127907353346587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, companyId=1217127907332375063, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河南工业大学粮油食品学院, 郑州 450001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217127912290042657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the principle of simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by fluorescent biosensor, figureFileSmall=XVi0Y8Zmo8bs8OkOeGvfew==, figureFileBig=0PcTHe7oB0DCVFMaVq/4nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127912411677477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图1, caption=荧光生物传感器同时检测Pb2+、Cd2+的原理示意图, figureFileSmall=XVi0Y8Zmo8bs8OkOeGvfew==, figureFileBig=0PcTHe7oB0DCVFMaVq/4nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127912562672430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Characterization of MXene, figureFileSmall=jbX6x/l3DYNEV5VxcJMh4w==, figureFileBig=7mKVzkC9+L8kmwTPw6ctLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127912671724339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MXene的表征

注: A. MXene的扫描电子显微照片; B. MXene的X射线光电子能谱; C. Mxene、Mxene/Pb-DNAzyme和Mxene/ROX-Apt的Zeta电位。

, figureFileSmall=jbX6x/l3DYNEV5VxcJMh4w==, figureFileBig=7mKVzkC9+L8kmwTPw6ctLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127912805942078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Spectral characterization diagram of MXene, figureFileSmall=QnzOF+G5urR7Xi5J1Bmh1g==, figureFileBig=xID9a1wQJluERxSiQw7LyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127912927576908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MXene的光谱表征图

注: A. Ti 2p 光谱; B. O 1s 光谱; C. C 1s 光谱; D. MXene的X射线衍射图; E. MXene的紫外吸收光谱; F. MXene的红外光谱。

, figureFileSmall=QnzOF+G5urR7Xi5J1Bmh1g==, figureFileBig=xID9a1wQJluERxSiQw7LyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913028240209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Optimization of MXene mass concentration, figureFileSmall=BKmlRBQiWn17qUN3UAkAFQ==, figureFileBig=ghvjFplk+ZjsxdgdZhpr1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913120514904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Mxene质量浓度的优化

注: A. FAM的∆F随Mxene质量浓度的变化; B. ROX的∆F随MXene质量浓度的变化。

, figureFileSmall=BKmlRBQiWn17qUN3UAkAFQ==, figureFileBig=ghvjFplk+ZjsxdgdZhpr1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913204400994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Optimization of MXene incubation time, figureFileSmall=LLpilj3s0rBBhr7MvRpyDQ==, figureFileBig=DQ5FvQvEs801MsycN8u1Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913326035819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图5, caption=MXene孵育时间的优化

注: A. FAM的∆F随MXene孵育时间的变化; B. ROX的∆F随MXene孵育时间的变化。

, figureFileSmall=LLpilj3s0rBBhr7MvRpyDQ==, figureFileBig=DQ5FvQvEs801MsycN8u1Ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913430893426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Optimization of target incubation time, figureFileSmall=uS8qbKamhCto4ym3A2GMOA==, figureFileBig=f9CQuzrTGzdnMxFp4/SXkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913569305468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图6, caption=目标物孵育时间的优化

注: A. FAM的∆F随目标物孵育时间的变化; B. ROX的∆F随目标物孵育时间的变化。

, figureFileSmall=uS8qbKamhCto4ym3A2GMOA==, figureFileBig=f9CQuzrTGzdnMxFp4/SXkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913678357378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Establishment of standard curves and study of sensor specificity, figureFileSmall=Nan5QW1HvC665VYmxriiow==, figureFileBig=VMfKBmOMmuFmhtrEm3o3Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913799992198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图7, caption=标准曲线的建立和传感器特异性研究

注: A. 0.5~500.0 nmol/L范围内Pb2+浓度与FAM的∆F的关系曲线(插图: Pb2+浓度对数与FAM的∆F的线性曲线); ; B. 在0.5~500.0 nmol/L范围内, Cd2+浓度与ROX的∆F关系曲线(插图: Cd2+浓度对数与ROX的∆F的线性曲线); C. 传感器对Pb2+的特异性; D. 传感器对Cd2+的特异性。

, figureFileSmall=Nan5QW1HvC665VYmxriiow==, figureFileBig=VMfKBmOMmuFmhtrEm3o3Nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127913930015632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Study of sensor repeatability and reproducibility, figureFileSmall=eABdrGJ8fA3/IDCnxEHMTA==, figureFileBig=UrWrqQt9qd/YVvmVUxmeFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127914093593500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=图8, caption=传感器重复性和重现性研究

注: A. 传感器对Pb2+的重复性研究; B. 传感器对Cd2+的重复性研究; C.传感器对Pb2+的重现性研究; D. 传感器对Cd2+的重现性研究。

, figureFileSmall=eABdrGJ8fA3/IDCnxEHMTA==, figureFileBig=UrWrqQt9qd/YVvmVUxmeFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127914185868197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of the fluorescent biosensor of this topic with other assays for simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 目标物 线性范围/(nmol/L) 检出限/(nmol/L) 参考文献
电化学 Pb2+ 0.05~5 8 [30]
Cd2+ 0.01~5 6
电化学 Pb2+ 4.8~386.1 1.0 [31]
Cd2+ 8.9~622.7 2.8
比色 Pb2+ 0~20000 420 [32]
Cd2+ 0~80000 530
比色 Pb2+ 1000~10000 10 [33]
Cd2+ 20~12000 10
荧光 Pb2+ 2500~60000 190 [34]
Cd2+ 5000~50000 430
荧光 Pb2+ 25~1000 8.4 [35]
Cd2+ 10~1000 3.7
荧光 Pb2+ 0.5~500.0 0.33 本研究
Cd2+ 0.5~500.0 0.28
), ArticleFig(id=1217127914286531499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究荧光生物传感器与其他检测Pb2+和Cd2+的生物传感器的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法 目标物 线性范围/(nmol/L) 检出限/(nmol/L) 参考文献
电化学 Pb2+ 0.05~5 8 [30]
Cd2+ 0.01~5 6
电化学 Pb2+ 4.8~386.1 1.0 [31]
Cd2+ 8.9~622.7 2.8
比色 Pb2+ 0~20000 420 [32]
Cd2+ 0~80000 530
比色 Pb2+ 1000~10000 10 [33]
Cd2+ 20~12000 10
荧光 Pb2+ 2500~60000 190 [34]
Cd2+ 5000~50000 430
荧光 Pb2+ 25~1000 8.4 [35]
Cd2+ 10~1000 3.7
荧光 Pb2+ 0.5~500.0 0.33 本研究
Cd2+ 0.5~500.0 0.28
), ArticleFig(id=1217127914395583410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test results of actual samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 重金属 加标值
/(nmol/L)		 检测值
/(nmol/L)		 平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%
自来水 Pb2+ 1 0.941 94.15 0.27
100 97.601 97.60 3.72
Cd2+ 1 1.055 105.47 1.28
100 102.680 102.68 4.54
麦片 Pb2+ 1×104 1.02×104 102.00 1.13
1×102 0.983×102 98.30 1.32
Cd2+ 1×104 1.125×104 112.50 2.10
1×102 1.01×102 101.00 1.12
), ArticleFig(id=1217127914517218234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实际样品的测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 重金属 加标值
/(nmol/L)		 检测值
/(nmol/L)		 平均
回收率/%		 RSDs
/%
自来水 Pb2+ 1 0.941 94.15 0.27
100 97.601 97.60 3.72
Cd2+ 1 1.055 105.47 1.28
100 102.680 102.68 4.54
麦片 Pb2+ 1×104 1.02×104 102.00 1.13
1×102 0.983×102 98.30 1.32
Cd2+ 1×104 1.125×104 112.50 2.10
1×102 1.01×102 101.00 1.12
), ArticleFig(id=1217127915813258176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection results of quality control samples (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质控样 重金属 认证值/(mg/kg) 检测值/(mg/kg) t
GBW(E)100358(米粉) Pb2+ 0.064 0.063 1.91
Cd2+ 0.62 0.631 0.67
P52247(粉丝) Pb2+ 1.88 1.892 0.62
CFAPA-QC485A(茶叶) Cd2+ 0.369 0.358 2.81
), ArticleFig(id=1217127916002001863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517518269796456, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

质量控制样品的检测结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质控样 重金属 认证值/(mg/kg) 检测值/(mg/kg) t
GBW(E)100358(米粉) Pb2+ 0.064 0.063 1.91
Cd2+ 0.62 0.631 0.67
P52247(粉丝) Pb2+ 1.88 1.892 0.62
CFAPA-QC485A(茶叶) Cd2+ 0.369 0.358 2.81
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基于MXene材料和X型DNA的荧光适配体传感器检测Pb2+和Cd2+
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白天 1 , 孙佳一 2 , 贾瑞淑 2 , 索志光 2, * , 卫敏 2 , 金华丽 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题：生物传感器在食品安全检测中的应用 2025,16(15): 101-109
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题：生物传感器在食品安全检测中的应用 2025, 16(15): 101-109
基于MXene材料和X型DNA的荧光适配体传感器检测Pb2+和Cd2+
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白天1 , 孙佳一2, 贾瑞淑2, 索志光2, * , 卫敏2, 金华丽2
作者信息
  • 1 河南省食品和盐业检验技术研究院, 郑州 450000
  • 2 河南工业大学粮油食品学院, 郑州 450001

    • 白天(1991—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*索志光(1991—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Fluorescent aptamer sensors based on MXene materials and X-type DNA for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+
Tian BAI1 , Jia-Yi SUN2, Rui-Shu JIA2, Zhi-Guang SUO2, * , Min WEI2, Hua-Li JIN2
Affiliations
  • 1 Henan Institute of Food and Salt Industry Inspection Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • 2 College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250227002
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摘要
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目的 基于MXene纳米材料, 利用X型DNA和适配体构建了一种新型荧光适配体传感器, 用于同时检测食品中的Pb2+和Cd2+。方法 利用碱基互补配对制备X型DNA结构, 在Pb2+和Cd2+存在的情况下, X型DNA结构中的适配体与目标物特异性结合, 并触发MXene表面的解吸, 从而恢复荧光信号。结果 在最佳实验条件下, 荧光信号强度与Pb2+和Cd2+在0.5~500.0 nmol/L范围内呈线性相关, 检出限分别为0.33 nmol/L和0.28 nmol/L, 结果表明该传感器具有良好的工作性能。结论 本研究制备的荧光生物传感器已成功应用于自来水和麦片的加标分析, 具有良好的回收率, 表明可作为检测食品中Pb2+和Cd2+的有效工具。
MXene纳米材料  /  X型DNA纳米结构  /  荧光生物传感器  /  重金属

Objective To construct a novel fluorescent aptamer sensor based on MXene nanomaterials by combining X-type DNA with aptamers for the simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in food. Methods X-type DNA structures were prepared by complementary base pairing, and in the presence of Pb2+ and Cd2+, the aptamer within the X-type DNA structure specifically bound to the target ions and triggers desorption from the MXene surface, thereby restoring the fluorescent signal. Results Under the optimal experimental conditions, the fluorescence signal intensity was linearly correlated with Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the range of 0.5-500.0 nmol/L, with the limits of detection were 0.33 nmol/L and 0.28 nmol/L, respectively, and the results showed that the sensor had good working performance. Conclusion The fluorescent biosensor prepared in this study has been successfully applied to the spiked analysis of tap water and cornmeal with good recoveries, indicating that it can be used as an effective tool for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in food.

MXene nanomaterials  /  X-type DNA nanostructures  /  fluorescent biosensors  /  heavy metals
白天, 孙佳一, 贾瑞淑, 索志光, 卫敏, 金华丽. 基于MXene材料和X型DNA的荧光适配体传感器检测Pb2+和Cd2+. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 101 -109 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250227002
Tian BAI, Jia-Yi SUN, Rui-Shu JIA, Zhi-Guang SUO, Min WEI, Hua-Li JIN. Fluorescent aptamer sensors based on MXene materials and X-type DNA for the detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 101 -109 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250227002
正文
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0 引言
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重金属主要包括铅、汞和镉等元素, 其总体密度超过4.5 g/cm3, 具有毒性[1]。这些元素广泛存在于环境中, 可通过空气、水和土壤进入食物链, 经过富集, 最终进入人体, 对人体机能造成损害。人体可能因摄入多种重金属, 慢性毒性积累, 使神经系统受损, 免疫系统异常[2-5]。多种重金属在人体内能和蛋白质及酶等发生强烈的相互作用, 使它们失去活性, 在人体的某些器官中累积, 造成慢性中毒。目前, 重金属的常规检测技术包括光谱法、质谱法、色谱法、电化学分析法和荧光分析法[6-11]。在不同检测条件下, 这些方法能够充分发挥自身优势, 灵敏实现食品中重金属离子的定量分析, 然而在适用范围、检测时间、检测精度、检测难度和检测成本等方面各有优缺点, 尤其是对于多种金属的同时检测难以实现。光谱法分析速度快, 检测精度高, 操作流程比较容易[12]。但是仪器设备成本较高, 检测过程中容易受到其他元素和叠加峰干扰[13]。质谱法灵敏度高、准确度好, 被广泛应用于材料、化工、食品等领域[14]。但其设备运行费用较高, 需要专业人员操作, 难以推广普及和应用。色谱法在识别和量化化学成分方面用途广泛且极其精确, 但联用技术成本昂贵, 检测过程耗时较长, 严重限制了它们的实际应用[15]。电化学分析法一般可分为电位测定法、溶出伏安法、电导法等[16-17], 该方法具备成本低、设备小巧简单、检出限低的优点, 但是重现性差、检测数据不稳定。荧光分析法具有灵活性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、响应速度快等诸多优点[18]。常见的荧光传感机制会利用荧光基团和猝灭剂, 修饰功能核酸来探测靶标引起的动态生物过程, 基于光诱导电子转移和荧光共振能量转移等光物理效应来实现对目标物的检测[19-21]。只有充分了解这些技术在各方面的性能, 才能根据环境和要求选择合适的技术来检测食品样品中的重金属。因此要开发一种简单灵敏, 可靠性高、检测范围广的多金属同时检测方法。
MXene是一种新型二维纳米材料, 由过渡金属的碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物组成, 具有广泛的物理、化学、电子和光学特性。在能源储存方面可以作为超级电容器电极材料, 能提高充放电效率和循环稳定性; 在电磁屏蔽领域, 凭借高电导率和特殊二维结构, 对电磁波有良好的吸收和反射作用, 可用于电子设备的电磁屏蔽; 在生物医学领域, 可用于构建生物传感器检测生物分子, 还可对医用植入体表面进行改性, 提高其生物相容性和安全性。MXene因其具有独特的性能被认为是一种很有前景的生物传感材料, 与传统的猝灭材料氧化石墨烯相比, MXene在可见光到近红外区域的光吸收方面具有显著优势, 这使其成为良好的能量接受体和荧光探针的良好猝灭剂[22-24]。MXene比表面积大, 含有丰富的氧或羟基端面和完整的金属原子层, 可通过氢键、范德华力和配位键与核酸等多种生物大分子相互作用[25], 是构建性能优异的荧光DNA生物传感器的潜在候选材料。
本研究选择标记有荧光基团且可被特异性识别的Cd2+-适配体(adapter, Apt)和Pb2+DNA酶(DNAzyme)相结合形成X型DNA纳米结构, 并且成功制备出具备良好荧光猝灭性能的新型层状纳米材料MXene, 构建了一种可同时检测Pb2+和Cd2+的荧光生物传感器, 在环境和食品中重金属离子的检测方面显示出巨大的应用潜力, 可以作为检测食品中Pb2+和Cd2+的有效工具。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 材料、试剂与仪器
本研究所用寡核苷酸序列由上海生工生物工程有限公司合成并经高效液相色谱纯化。DNAzyme-1-5-羧基荧光素(5-carboxyfluorescein, FAM)序列为5'-CCC AAA GTA GAG AAG G rAT ATC ACC TGA AGG TGA TAA AGC TGG CCG AGC CTC TTC TCT ACG TGA AGC AAT CG-FAM-3'; FAM-DNAzyme-2序列为5'-FAM-GC TAA CGA AGT GCA TCT CTT CTC CGA GCC GGT CGA AAT AGT GGA AGT CCA CTA TrAG GAA GAG ATG AAA CCC-3'; 罗丹明X染料(5-carbosy-X-rhodamine, ROX)-Apt和DNA互补链(cDNA)序列参考文献[26]得到。
谷物样品购自郑州永辉超市, 自来水样品购自河南工业大学莲花街校区供水办公室; 米粉样品[编号: GBW(E)100358]、粉丝样品(编号: P52247)和茶叶样品(编号: CFAPA-QC485A)由河南省产品质量监督检验研究院提供。
三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(Tris)、氢氟酸(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 盐酸、HNO3、Ti3AlC2、Pb(NO3)2(分析纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 30%过氧化氢(H2O2, 优级纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); Cd(NO3)2·4H2O(分析纯, 上海金山亭新化工试剂厂)。
JSM-7610F扫描电镜[捷欧路(北京)科贸有限公司]; K-alpha X射线光电子能谱(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); SmartLab SE X射线衍射仪(日本Rigaku公司); FP-8550荧光分光光度计(日本分光株式会社); HC-2066型高速离心机(安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司); MX-S型涡旋振荡器(北京大龙兴创实验仪器有限公司); ULUP-II-10T超纯水机(西安优普仪器设备有限公司); XB120A电子天平[感量0.1 mg, 天美仪拓实验室设备(上海有限公司)]。
1.2 实验方法
MXene材料是用质量分数为40%的氢氟酸进行蚀刻制备的。在制备过程中, 首先称取10 mg Ti3AlC2, 将Ti3AlC2粉末用作前驱体, 将质量分数为40%的氢氟酸溶液用作蚀刻介质。首先, 将10 mL Ti3AlC2加入20 mL质量分数为40%的氢氟酸溶液中, 然后在35 ℃下以400 r/min的转速搅拌24 h。蚀刻反应完成后, 使用去离子水以4000 r/min的转速离心5 min, 并用去离子水洗涤多次, 直至pH≥6。得到的沉淀物随后在60 ℃的真空烘箱中干燥20 h, 得到风琴状的MXene样品, 用于进一步表征。
将10 μL 1 nmol/L Pb-DNAzyme-2溶液、10 μL 2 nmol/L ROX-Apt溶液和10 μL 1 nmol/L cDNA溶液混合后, 将离心管置于水浴振荡器中(37 ℃)振荡1 h, 寡核苷酸序列通过碱基互补配对作用以1:1:1:1的比例充分结合, 得到X型DNA结构。FAM和ROX荧光基团位于X型DNA结构两个分支的末端。然后分别加入10 μL 15 mg/mL MXene溶液, 在37 ℃水浴振荡器上培养30 min。用50 mmol/L Tris缓冲溶液(pH=7.4)补充传感器体积至200 μL, 室温下使用荧光分光光度计进行荧光检测电压设置为300 V, 激发和发射狭缝宽度设置为10 nm。在490 nm的激发波长处检测FAM的荧光光谱, 并记录520 nm处的荧光强度。此外, 还检测了激发波长为580 nm的ROX的荧光光谱, 并记录了605 nm处的荧光强度。
1.3 实际样品前处理
为了验证传感器分析真实样品的可靠性, 对自来水和谷物样品进行了加标回收试验。液体样品使用带有0.22 μm过滤膜的过滤器对自来水样品进行过滤处理。将固体样品采用微波消解法进行前处理。将0.5 g破碎后的固体样品、2 mL H2O2和8 mL HNO3混合于消化罐中, 并放入微波消解仪。按照预先设定好的程序(180 ℃反应温度、400 psi压力、12 min加热时间和15 min保持时间)进行样品消解[27]。消解完成后, 将消化罐取出并置于160 ℃电热板上赶酸, 之后在室温下进行冷却。向消化液中补充超纯水至10 mL。取上述消化液并向其中加入Pb2+和Cd2+, 最终, Pb2+和Cd2+的加标浓度分别为1 nmol/L和100 nmol/L。
1.4 数据处理
本研究采用方差分析和回归分析等数据处理方法对原始数据进行分析。在制表与绘图环节, 使用Microsoft Excel 2021版本进行基础数据表格的制作, 绘图软件则选用Origin 2021。在统计学水平上, 本研究的每个处理组均进行了3次以上独立重复实验, 以确保数据的可靠性和结果的可重复性。通过多次重复实验, 有效降低随机误差的影响, 提高实验结果的准确性和说服力。实验数据的统计分析采用t检验, 并使用上述软件进行统计学计算。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 荧光适配体传感器的检测原理
在传感系统中, 如果没有Pb2+和Cd2+的存在, DNA酶的rA位点不会被触发, 碱基配对保持不变, 同时带有FAM和ROX荧光基团的DNA单链(ssDNA)也不会脱落。即使加入猝灭材料MXene, 带有FAM和ROX荧光基团的ssDNA也不会被猝灭材料吸附, 荧光强度也不会受到影响。当同时存在Pb2+和Cd2+时, Pb2+可被FAM-DNA酶复合物的rA位点特异性识别, 导致带有FAM荧光基团的ssDNA断裂并从传感器中释放出来。与此同时, Cd2+会与胸腺嘧啶和鸟嘌呤碱基上的O和N配合, 使标记有ROX荧光基团的ROX-Apt复合物与传感器分离。从X型结构上解离下来的单链DNA仍然是完整的直链结构, 被吸附到MXene材料表面, 发生光诱导电子转移效应, 导致体系中的荧光被显著猝灭。通过检测FAM和ROX荧光信号的变化, 可以同时检测到Pb2+和Cd2+的存在。这项工作提出的原理如图1所示。
2.2 MXene材料的表征
MXene纳米片作为一种新型二维过渡材料, 具有规则的层状结构、优异的导电性、高比表面积和良好的相容性。在不同尺度上, 扫描电镜图像显示出风琴状多层MXene纳米片, 具有光滑和超薄的纳米结构(图2A)。图2B是MXene的X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)图谱, 显示了MXene的不同元素分布。从图2C中能够得出Mxene的Zeta电位为-11.29 eV, 可以归因于Mxene表面存在大量-OH、-F等带负电荷的基团, Pb-DNAzyme和ROX-Apt与Mxene的混合物的Zeta电位出现进一步的负增长(-21.52 eV和-23.66 eV), 这表明带有大量负电荷磷酸骨架的寡核苷酸吸附到了Mxene表面, 主要得益于材料表面丰富的亲水性基团。
MXene中的Ti 2p光谱如图3A所示, 位于455.1 eV、461.6 eV的峰分别对应于Ti-C 2p3/2、Ti-O 2p3/2。位于456.4 eV的峰对应于Ti-O 2p1/2。此外, 高分辨O 1s能谱(图3B)中在531.8 eV (Ti-O)、530.0 eV (TiO2)和532.7 eV (Ti-OH)有3个特征峰。如图3C所示, 284.8、286和288.7 eV的C 1s峰分别代表Mxene表面的C-C、C-O和C=O。图3D显示了MXene纳米材料的X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)图样。MXene纳米片材料的XRD图谱显示, 在39°处没有观察到明显的峰值, 这表明Al层已被去除[28]。观察到的MXene材料衍射峰出现在8.8°、18.2°、41.7°和60.7°, 分别对应于(002)、(004)、(0010)和(110)峰。图3E显示, MXene材料的峰值出现在300 nm左右, 这是因为MXene材料表面的O-H官能团发生了伸缩振动。DNA的峰值一般在260~270之间, 而MXene与DNA结合后, 两种材料的特征峰值同时出现。图3F显示出现了所有特征峰, 包括3418 cm-1左右的O-H、1643 cm-1左右的C=O、1379 cm-1左右的O-H和1047 cm-1左右的C-F。其中, 614 cm-1处的峰值是Ti-O键的振动峰[29]。综合上述表征, 说明材料制备成功。
2.3 荧光生物传感器的条件优化
作为一种荧光淬灭材料, MXene的用量会直接影响最终结果的呈现。如图4所示, 比较了在不同的MXene质量浓度和不同的MXene培养时间下, 加入Pb2+和Cd2+前后FAM和ROX的荧光强度变化。随着MXene质量浓度的逐渐增加, ∆F也相应增加。当MXene质量浓度达到15 mg/mL时达到峰值。这主要是由于MXene发出更多的荧光基团, 从而导致∆F增加。随着MXene含量的继续增加, 观察到∆F逐渐减小。这是由于MXene的过度聚集降低了目标物存在时的荧光响应, 从而导致传感器检测目标物的能力下降。因此, 选择15 mg/mL作为MXene的理想质量浓度。
如图5所示, 在探索MXene的最佳孵育时间时, 在10~30 min的时间范围内, ∆F随MXene的孵育时间逐渐增加, 当MXene的孵育时间继续增加时, ∆F逐渐减小。这主要是由于随着时间的延长, 传感器的背景信号逐渐减弱, 导致猝灭效应减弱, ∆F逐渐减小。为了获得最佳实验结果, 选择30 min作为培养MXene材料的最佳时间。
最终, 为了更有效地利用时间并获得最佳检测结果, 本研究对目标物体的孵育时间进行了调整和优化。从图6中可以看出, 在10~30 min的时间范围内, ∆F随目标物孵育时间的延长而逐渐增大, 当孵育时间达到30 min时, ∆F达到峰值, 但当孵育时间进一步延长时, ∆F的增大并不明显。这主要是因为在30 min左右时, 目标Pb2+和Cd2+已将大部分FAM-DNAzyme复合物和ROX-Apt复合物从X型DNA结构中分离出来, 并被MXene材料吸收进行猝灭, 猝灭效果无法通过延长孵育时间来提高。因此选择30 min作为目标物的最佳孵育时间。
2.4 荧光生物传感器的性能分析
在最佳实验条件下, 以不同浓度的Pb2+和Cd2+为分析物, 得到了该荧光生物传感器的检测范围和检出限。通过研究FAM的荧光强度与Pb2+浓度、ROX的荧光强度与Cd2+浓度之间的关系, 可以得出在0.5~500.0 nmol/L的浓度区间内, FAM和ROX的荧光强度差值与Pb2+和Cd2+浓度的对数之间分别存在理想的线性关系, 线性方程为ΔF=424.78LgCPb2++460.96 (r2=0.9947)、ΔF=268.91LgCCd2++548.36 (r2=0.9921) (图7A和图7B), Pb2+和Cd2+的检出限分别为0.33 nmol/L和0.28 nmol/L。抗干扰实验检验了荧光生物传感器对Pb2+和Cd2+的选择性。利用所制备的传感器对50 nmol/L Pb2+和50 nmol/L Cd2+和浓度高于靶标金属离子100倍的干扰离子(包括Na+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Mg2+、K+、Ba2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Li2+)进行测定。从图7C和图7D中可以看出, 当其他干扰金属离子的浓度比Pb2+和Cd2+高100倍时, 传感器的∆F仍然相对较低。然而, 在较低浓度的Pb2+或Cd2+存在下, 传感器的荧光强度∆F显著降低, 这表明该生物传感器具有很强的抗干扰能力, 对Pb2+和Cd2+具有良好的特异性。
最佳实验条件下, 使用同一个传感器对浓度为500 nmol/L的Pb2+和Cd2+标准样品进行6次连续测量, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)分别为2.66%和4.01%, 表明该传感器具有优异的重复性(图8A和B)。此外, 利用6个相同的传感器对浓度为500 nmol/L的Pb2+和Cd2+标准样品进行测量, 以验证其重现性, 计算得RSD值分别为2.30%和1.52%, 表明该方法具有可接受的再现性(图8C和D)。从以上数据得出结论, 本研究制备的新型荧光生物传感器在重复性和再现性方面表现良好。
比较不同检测方法同时检测Pb2+和Cd2+的浓度范围和检出限(表1), 可以得出结论: 本研究建立的荧光生物传感器具有良好的线性响应。本研究开发的荧光生物传感器具有良好的线性响应范围和检出限, 可以满足目前检出限的要求。
2.5 实际样品检测
实际样品检测均采用优化的实验程序进行, 测试结果见表2。Pb2+的加标回收率在94.15%至102.00%之间, Cd2+的加标回收率为101.00%~105.47%, RSDs均小于5%。该灵敏度传感器有望应用于各种实际样品中Pb2+和Cd2+的检测。通过检测含Pb2+和Cd2+的米粉、含Pb2+的粉丝和含Cd2+的茶叶样品的质量控制样品, 进一步验证了传感器的准确性。通过t检验进行的统计分析表明, 本研究制备的荧光生物传感器在检测实际样品时是可靠和准确的(表3)。
3 结论
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本研究基于DNA酶和适配体识别目标的高特异性, 设计了一种X型DNA纳米结构, 利用MXene材料对不同结构DNA的亲和力差异和荧光分子的猝灭效应, 建立了一种同时检测食品中Pb2+和Cd2+的荧光生物传感器。荧光传感器的重复性、再现性和特异性验证了该方法的可靠性。此外, 该传感器还可有效地用于实际样品中Pb2+和Cd2+的检测, 并与传统的HPLC方法具有良好的相关性。鉴于其方便、快速和灵敏的特点, 荧光适配体传感器有望监测和准确评估复杂食品基质中Pb2+和Cd2+的含量。
基金
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  • 河南省重点研发与推广专项(242103810070)
  • 河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划项目(21421234)
文献
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250227002
  • 接收时间：2025-02-27
  • 首发时间：2026-01-09
  • 出版时间：2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-27
基金
河南省重点研发与推广专项(242103810070)
河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划项目(21421234)
作者信息
    1 河南省食品和盐业检验技术研究院, 郑州 450000
    2 河南工业大学粮油食品学院, 郑州 450001

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*索志光(1991—), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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