Article(id=1216517516378162056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250215002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739548800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969977706, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969977706, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969977706, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969977706, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=315, endPage=322, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517517204439954, articleId=1216517516378162056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of food additives in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of common preservatives, sweeteners and synthetic colorants in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods HPLC was employed with an ACE Excel 5 C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Gradient elution was performed using 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 7.5) and methanol as the mobile phases, and detection was carried out using a diode array multi-wavelength detector. Results Effective separation of all 19 kinds of food additives was achieved. The linear range of the method was 0.5-50.0 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients above 0.9998. The average recovery rates ranged from 92.26% to 104.59%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.45% and 1.67%. The limits of detection were 0.07-0.29 mg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 0.23-0.96 mg/kg, both of which were below the national standards and met the detection requirements. Conclusion This method is simple to operate, requires short pre-treatment time, provides good separation efficiency, accurate data, and high sensitivity, making it suitable for the simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of food additives in beverages.

, correspAuthors=Fei-Ru ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-Fu FENG, Fei-Ru ZHU, Guo-Hua LIANG, Li-Chang TANG, Yan ZHENG, Rong YE, Yan ZHENG, Zi-Xia HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517520115286065, articleId=1216517516378162056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中19种食品添加剂, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=目的 建立高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)同时测定饮料中19种常见防腐剂、甜味剂和合成着色剂的分析方法。方法 采用HPLC测定, 色谱柱为ACE Excel 5 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 流速为1.0 mL/min, 以20 mmol/L乙酸铵(pH 7.5)和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 并采用二极管阵列多波长检测。结果 19种食品添加剂均得到有效分离; 方法线性范围为0.5~50.0 μg/mL, 相关系数均在0.9998以上; 平均回收率在92.26%~104.59%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在0.45%~1.67%之间; 检出限为0.07~0.29 mg/kg和定量限为0.23~0.96 mg/kg, 均低于国家标准, 满足检测要求。结论 该方法操作简便, 前处理时间短, 分离效果好, 数据准确, 灵敏度高, 适用于饮料中19种食品添加剂的同时检测。, correspAuthors=朱飞如, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*朱飞如(1990—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验检测。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=iP2y2Eev6CWGZgP4F2SLLQ==, magXml=WxdOPI4Yz0QZwxb2ZkUv1A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ty5PgnSnK6NikhJ6rI7iYg==, pdfFileSize=631175, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=QJO+uRuy2HNqTFhz8xxb9g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=iA3w0mk66U29fuf3DzwyOA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

冯俊富(1982—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验检测。E-mail:

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冯俊富(1982—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验检测。E-mail:

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冯俊富(1982—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验检测。E-mail:

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Rapid detection of six food additives in pastries by ultra performance liquid chromatography with variable wavelength[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2022, 13(18): 5924-5932., articleTitle=Rapid detection of six food additives in pastries by ultra performance liquid chromatography with variable wavelength, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217127894153875839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127894158070144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, companyId=1217127894153875839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beihai Public Inspection and Testing Centre, Beihai 536000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127894170653057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, companyId=1217127894153875839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北海市公共检验检测中心, 北海 536000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217127899363201687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatograms of 19 kinds of mixed standard solutions, figureFileSmall=5Fg5qFAhdS1oB0bLVoKz4Q==, figureFileBig=cWit55IfJigaG/CDyzT+Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127899489030818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=CN, label=图1, caption=19种混合标准溶液色谱图

注: A. 230 nm; B. 415 nm; C. 520 nm; D. 610 nm; E. 254 nm。1. 安赛蜜; 2. 苯甲酸; 3. 山梨酸; 4. 糖精钠(以糖精计); 5. 柠檬黄; 6. 新红; 7. 苋菜红; 8. 靛蓝; 9. 胭脂红; 10. 喹啉黄1; 11. 日落黄; 12. 喹啉黄2; 13. 诱惑红; 14. 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯; 15. 亮蓝1; 16. 亮蓝2; 17. 酸性红; 18. 喹啉黄3; 19. 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯; 20. 赤藓红; 21. 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯; 22. 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。

, figureFileSmall=5Fg5qFAhdS1oB0bLVoKz4Q==, figureFileBig=cWit55IfJigaG/CDyzT+Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127899581305518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Detection wavelengths for 19 kinds of additives

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂 波长/nm
安赛蜜 230
苯甲酸 230
山梨酸 230
糖精钠 230
柠檬黄 415
新红 520
苋菜红 520
靛蓝 610
胭脂红 520
喹啉黄 415
日落黄 520
诱惑红 520
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 254
亮蓝 610
酸性红 520
对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 254
赤藓红 520
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 254
对羟基苯甲酸丁酯 254
), ArticleFig(id=1217127899702940347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

19种添加剂检测波长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂 波长/nm
安赛蜜 230
苯甲酸 230
山梨酸 230
糖精钠 230
柠檬黄 415
新红 520
苋菜红 520
靛蓝 610
胭脂红 520
喹啉黄 415
日落黄 520
诱惑红 520
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 254
亮蓝 610
酸性红 520
对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 254
赤藓红 520
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 254
对羟基苯甲酸丁酯 254
), ArticleFig(id=1217127899807797960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Program of mobile phase gradient elution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0 96 4
12 96 4
15 85 15
25 65 35
28 65 35
40 10 90
44 10 90
45 96 4
52 96 4
), ArticleFig(id=1217127899942015698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0 96 4
12 96 4
15 85 15
25 65 35
28 65 35
40 10 90
44 10 90
45 96 4
52 96 4
), ArticleFig(id=1217127900101399266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression equations, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and limits of quantitation for 19 kinds of food additives

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂种类 回归方程 相关
系数
检出限
/(mg/kg)
定量限
/(mg/kg)
安赛蜜 Y=61.9495X+4.4852 0.99986 0.22 0.75
苯甲酸 Y=68.7675X-2.7634 0.99995 0.20 0.68
山梨酸 Y=116.6885X+0.6715 0.99992 0.16 0.52
糖精钠
(以糖精计)
Y=59.6163X-1.5256 0.99995 0.16 0.53
柠檬黄 Y=59.9927X-0.4930 0.99990 0.22 0.74
新红 Y=65.9678X-4.2813 0.99997 0.13 0.43
苋菜红 Y=51.0524X-3.4899 0.99996 0.17 0.56
靛蓝 Y=48.6136X-6.8009 0.99997 0.18 0.61
胭脂红 Y=45.4141X-3.0433 0.99996 0.20 0.67
喹啉黄 Y=112.9484X-6.7293 0.99996 0.17 0.57
日落黄 Y=32.5300X-1.9285 0.99996 0.29 0.96
诱惑红 Y=63.9775X-4.7202 0.99996 0.24 0.79
对羟基苯
甲酸甲酯
Y=123.9769X+0.7757 0.99992 0.13 0.44
亮蓝 Y=114.0322X-9.2209 0.99996 0.07 0.24
酸性红 Y=54.3796X-4.4880 0.99997 0.13 0.43
对羟基苯
甲酸乙酯
Y=119.4506X+3.5323 0.99991 0.11 0.36
赤藓红 Y=107.2851X-0.4011 0.99993 0.07 0.23
对羟基苯
甲酸丙酯
Y=107.0979X+5.9734 0.99993 0.11 0.36
对羟基苯
甲酸丁酯
Y=97.1992X+4.3117 0.99991 0.12 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1217127900227228393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

19种食品添加剂的回归方程、相关系数、检出限及定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂种类 回归方程 相关
系数
检出限
/(mg/kg)
定量限
/(mg/kg)
安赛蜜 Y=61.9495X+4.4852 0.99986 0.22 0.75
苯甲酸 Y=68.7675X-2.7634 0.99995 0.20 0.68
山梨酸 Y=116.6885X+0.6715 0.99992 0.16 0.52
糖精钠
(以糖精计)
Y=59.6163X-1.5256 0.99995 0.16 0.53
柠檬黄 Y=59.9927X-0.4930 0.99990 0.22 0.74
新红 Y=65.9678X-4.2813 0.99997 0.13 0.43
苋菜红 Y=51.0524X-3.4899 0.99996 0.17 0.56
靛蓝 Y=48.6136X-6.8009 0.99997 0.18 0.61
胭脂红 Y=45.4141X-3.0433 0.99996 0.20 0.67
喹啉黄 Y=112.9484X-6.7293 0.99996 0.17 0.57
日落黄 Y=32.5300X-1.9285 0.99996 0.29 0.96
诱惑红 Y=63.9775X-4.7202 0.99996 0.24 0.79
对羟基苯
甲酸甲酯
Y=123.9769X+0.7757 0.99992 0.13 0.44
亮蓝 Y=114.0322X-9.2209 0.99996 0.07 0.24
酸性红 Y=54.3796X-4.4880 0.99997 0.13 0.43
对羟基苯
甲酸乙酯
Y=119.4506X+3.5323 0.99991 0.11 0.36
赤藓红 Y=107.2851X-0.4011 0.99993 0.07 0.23
对羟基苯
甲酸丙酯
Y=107.0979X+5.9734 0.99993 0.11 0.36
对羟基苯
甲酸丁酯
Y=97.1992X+4.3117 0.99991 0.12 0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1217127900353057526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Repeatability test results for 19 kinds of food additives (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂种类 RSDs/%
安赛蜜 0.05
苯甲酸 0.04
山梨酸 0.02
糖精钠(以糖精计) 0.17
柠檬黄 0.06
新红 0.07
苋菜红 0.05
靛蓝 0.25
胭脂红 0.03
喹啉黄 0.04
日落黄 0.09
诱惑红 0.05
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 0.07
亮蓝 0.04
酸性红 0.06
对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 0.14
赤藓红 0.04
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 0.07
对羟基苯甲酸丁酯 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1217127900478886657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

19种食品添加剂的重复性实验结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂种类 RSDs/%
安赛蜜 0.05
苯甲酸 0.04
山梨酸 0.02
糖精钠(以糖精计) 0.17
柠檬黄 0.06
新红 0.07
苋菜红 0.05
靛蓝 0.25
胭脂红 0.03
喹啉黄 0.04
日落黄 0.09
诱惑红 0.05
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯 0.07
亮蓝 0.04
酸性红 0.06
对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 0.14
赤藓红 0.04
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 0.07
对羟基苯甲酸丁酯 0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1217127900566967047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Spike recovery test results for 19 kinds of food additives (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂
种类
添加水平
/(μg/mL)
平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
添加剂
种类
添加水平
/(μg/mL)
平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
添加剂
种类
添加水平
/(μg/mL)
平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
安赛蜜 1 97.85 1.08 靛蓝 1 98.36 0.80 亮蓝 1 103.29 0.45
2 99.91 1.08 2 98.95 0.97 2 101.45 1.03
5 99.55 1.10 5 92.26 0.64 5 99.06 1.61
苯甲酸 1 100.62 0.70 胭脂红 1 103.04 0.69 酸性红 1 104.59 0.52
2 100.01 1.16 2 100.89 1.00 2 101.97 0.92
5 99.02 1.54 5 99.15 1.56 5 99.27 1.34
山梨酸 1 96.54 0.67 喹啉黄 1 102.63 0.65 对羟基苯
甲酸乙酯
0.991 95.35 0.56
2 98.58 1.12 2 100.82 1.05 1.982 98.27 0.99
5 99.00 1.67 5 99.14 1.61 4.955 99.04 1.49
糖精钠
(以糖精计)
1 99.56 1.45 日落黄 1 102.48 0.57 赤藓红 1 97.71 0.49
2 99.44 1.30 2 100.77 1.11 2 99.40 1.09
5 98.98 1.43 5 99.14 1.60 5 99.35 1.58
柠檬黄 1 97.32 0.69 诱惑红 1 104.00 0.64 对羟基苯
甲酸丙酯
0.971 97.26 0.53
2 97.99 1.07 2 101.49 1.08 1.942 98.79 1.14
5 97.95 1.64 5 99.31 1.43 4.855 99.29 1.32
新红 1 102.93 0.53 对羟基苯
甲酸甲酯
0.9841 95.90 0.46 对羟基苯
甲酸丁酯
1.0529 96.31 0.65
2 100.98 1.10 1.9682 99.32 1.61 2.1058 98.41 1.19
5 99.10 1.64 4.9205 99.05 1.48 5.2645 98.87 1.11
苋菜红 1 103.16 0.53
2 101.14 1.07
5 99.21 1.57
), ArticleFig(id=1217127900671824656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517516378162056, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

19种食品添加剂加标回收率实验结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
添加剂
种类
添加水平
/(μg/mL)
平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
添加剂
种类
添加水平
/(μg/mL)
平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
添加剂
种类
添加水平
/(μg/mL)
平均
回收率/%
RSDs
/%
安赛蜜 1 97.85 1.08 靛蓝 1 98.36 0.80 亮蓝 1 103.29 0.45
2 99.91 1.08 2 98.95 0.97 2 101.45 1.03
5 99.55 1.10 5 92.26 0.64 5 99.06 1.61
苯甲酸 1 100.62 0.70 胭脂红 1 103.04 0.69 酸性红 1 104.59 0.52
2 100.01 1.16 2 100.89 1.00 2 101.97 0.92
5 99.02 1.54 5 99.15 1.56 5 99.27 1.34
山梨酸 1 96.54 0.67 喹啉黄 1 102.63 0.65 对羟基苯
甲酸乙酯
0.991 95.35 0.56
2 98.58 1.12 2 100.82 1.05 1.982 98.27 0.99
5 99.00 1.67 5 99.14 1.61 4.955 99.04 1.49
糖精钠
(以糖精计)
1 99.56 1.45 日落黄 1 102.48 0.57 赤藓红 1 97.71 0.49
2 99.44 1.30 2 100.77 1.11 2 99.40 1.09
5 98.98 1.43 5 99.14 1.60 5 99.35 1.58
柠檬黄 1 97.32 0.69 诱惑红 1 104.00 0.64 对羟基苯
甲酸丙酯
0.971 97.26 0.53
2 97.99 1.07 2 101.49 1.08 1.942 98.79 1.14
5 97.95 1.64 5 99.31 1.43 4.855 99.29 1.32
新红 1 102.93 0.53 对羟基苯
甲酸甲酯
0.9841 95.90 0.46 对羟基苯
甲酸丁酯
1.0529 96.31 0.65
2 100.98 1.10 1.9682 99.32 1.61 2.1058 98.41 1.19
5 99.10 1.64 4.9205 99.05 1.48 5.2645 98.87 1.11
苋菜红 1 103.16 0.53
2 101.14 1.07
5 99.21 1.57
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高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中19种食品添加剂
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冯俊富 , 朱飞如 * , 梁国华 , 汤丽昌 , 郑燕 , 叶荣 , 郑艳 , 黄梓霞
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(15): 315-322
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(15): 315-322
高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中19种食品添加剂
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冯俊富 , 朱飞如* , 梁国华, 汤丽昌, 郑燕, 叶荣, 郑艳, 黄梓霞
作者信息
  • 北海市公共检验检测中心, 北海 536000
  • 冯俊富(1982—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为食品药品检验检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*朱飞如(1990—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验检测。E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of food additives in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography
Jun-Fu FENG , Fei-Ru ZHU* , Guo-Hua LIANG, Li-Chang TANG, Yan ZHENG, Rong YE, Yan ZHENG, Zi-Xia HUANG
Affiliations
  • Beihai Public Inspection and Testing Centre, Beihai 536000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250215002
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目的 建立高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)同时测定饮料中19种常见防腐剂、甜味剂和合成着色剂的分析方法。方法 采用HPLC测定, 色谱柱为ACE Excel 5 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 流速为1.0 mL/min, 以20 mmol/L乙酸铵(pH 7.5)和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 并采用二极管阵列多波长检测。结果 19种食品添加剂均得到有效分离; 方法线性范围为0.5~50.0 μg/mL, 相关系数均在0.9998以上; 平均回收率在92.26%~104.59%之间, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)在0.45%~1.67%之间; 检出限为0.07~0.29 mg/kg和定量限为0.23~0.96 mg/kg, 均低于国家标准, 满足检测要求。结论 该方法操作简便, 前处理时间短, 分离效果好, 数据准确, 灵敏度高, 适用于饮料中19种食品添加剂的同时检测。
高效液相色谱法  /  饮料  /  防腐剂  /  甜味剂  /  合成着色剂

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of common preservatives, sweeteners and synthetic colorants in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods HPLC was employed with an ACE Excel 5 C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Gradient elution was performed using 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 7.5) and methanol as the mobile phases, and detection was carried out using a diode array multi-wavelength detector. Results Effective separation of all 19 kinds of food additives was achieved. The linear range of the method was 0.5-50.0 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients above 0.9998. The average recovery rates ranged from 92.26% to 104.59%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 0.45% and 1.67%. The limits of detection were 0.07-0.29 mg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were 0.23-0.96 mg/kg, both of which were below the national standards and met the detection requirements. Conclusion This method is simple to operate, requires short pre-treatment time, provides good separation efficiency, accurate data, and high sensitivity, making it suitable for the simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of food additives in beverages.

high performance liquid chromatography  /  beverages  /  preservatives  /  sweeteners  /  synthetic colorants
冯俊富, 朱飞如, 梁国华, 汤丽昌, 郑燕, 叶荣, 郑艳, 黄梓霞. 高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中19种食品添加剂. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 315 -322 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250215002
Jun-Fu FENG, Fei-Ru ZHU, Guo-Hua LIANG, Li-Chang TANG, Yan ZHENG, Rong YE, Yan ZHENG, Zi-Xia HUANG. Simultaneous determination of 19 kinds of food additives in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 315 -322 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250215002
在现代食品工业中, 为追求饮料口感的优化、保质期的延长及外观的美化, 防腐剂、甜味剂和合成着色剂等食品添加剂的使用日益普遍, 这在一定程度上丰富了食品市场的多样性[1-3]。然而, 值得注意的是, 这些添加剂的过量使用可能对消费者的健康构成潜在威胁, 如糖精钠过多食用会影响肠胃消化酶的正常分泌, 使人食欲减退, 大剂量使用苯甲酸、山梨酸等这些食品添加剂可以导致头痛、恶心、呕吐、呼吸困难, 甚至能够损伤肝、肾, 对人的健康有较大危害[4-6], 因此, 对饮料中多种添加剂的含量进行准确、高效的测定显得尤为重要。
高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)作为一种先进的分离分析技术, 凭借其高分离效能、高灵敏度及良好的重现性, 在食品添加剂检测领域展现出显著优势, 并逐渐成为该领域的首选方法[7-9]。近年来, 国内外学者围绕HPLC在食品中添加剂检测中的应用展开了大量研究, 取得了一系列重要成果。例如, 通过优化色谱条件, HPLC已能够实现对食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸等防腐剂的精确测定[10-13]; 同时, 该方法也被成功应用于糖精钠、安赛蜜等甜味剂的检测, 并表现出令人满意的检测效果[14-17]。此外, 针对合成着色剂如胭脂红、诱惑红等的HPLC检测方法也已相继有报道[18-23]。目前, 检测食品中的防腐剂、甜味剂和合成着色剂主要依赖于国家标准方法, 如HPLC和气相色谱法等。然而, 这些方法存在前处理方法不一致以及检测对象相对单一的局限性。由于防腐剂、甜味剂和合成着色剂这3类添加剂具有不同的理化性质和光谱特性, 国家尚未颁布一种能够同时检测它们的HPLC国标方法。为了提高现有检测技术的效率, 本研究致力于建立一种HPLC同时测定饮料中19种食品添加剂的方法。
鉴于此, 本研究通过优化实验条件(包括流动相的选择及流动相pH的调节、色谱柱的选择、梯度洗脱程序的优化以及检测波长的选择等), 建立同时检测饮料中19种常见食品添加剂的HPLC, 并对方法的准确性和可靠性进行验证, 以期为饮料行业的质量控制提供思路。
20批饮料样品均来源于超市。
甲醇(色谱纯, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 乙酸铵(优级纯, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂); 氨水(分析纯, 成都金山化学试剂有限公司); 聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)滤膜、聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidenefluoride, PVDF)滤膜(0.45 μm)、尼龙66 (Nylon)滤膜、聚醚砜(polyethersulfone, PES)滤膜(0.22 μm)(天津津腾实验设备有限公司); 苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠(以糖精计)、乙酰磺胺酸钾(安赛蜜)标准溶液(质量浓度1000 μg/mL, 北京海岸鸿蒙标准技术有限责任公司); 柠檬黄、新红、苋菜红、靛蓝、胭脂红、喹啉黄、日落黄、诱惑红、亮蓝、酸性红、赤藓红(质量浓度1000 μg/mL, 坛墨质检科技股份有限公司); 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(纯度100.0%, 中国食品药品检定研究院); 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(纯度99.2%)、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(纯度100.0%)、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(纯度99.8%)(美国Cato Research ChemicalsInc公司)。
Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪(配有二极管阵列检测器)、Agilent C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); XA205DU电子天平[MAX 81 g/220 g, d=0.01 mg/0.1 mg, 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司]; ACE Excel 5 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)(美国Avantor公司); Waters C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)(美国Waters公司)。
色谱柱: ACE Excel 5 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 流速: 1.0 mL/min, 柱温: 30 ℃, 进样量: 20 μL; 检测波长见表1; 流动相A: 20 mmol/L乙酸铵(用氨水调pH至7.5), 流动相B: 甲醇, 洗脱程序见表2
标准储备液: 分别精密称取对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯约10 mg, 用甲醇溶解并分别定容至10 mL。储备液质量浓度分别为: 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯984.1 μg/mL; 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯991 μg/mL; 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯971 μg/mL; 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯1052.9 μg/mL。
混合标准工作液: 分别准确吸取苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠(以糖精计)和乙酰磺胺酸钾(安赛蜜)标准溶液(1000 μg/mL) 1 mL, 柠檬黄、新红、苋菜红、靛蓝、胭脂红、喹啉黄、日落黄、诱惑红、亮蓝、酸性红、赤藓红(质量浓度1000 μg/mL) 1 mL, 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯储备液1 mL, 对羟基苯甲酸乙酯储备液1 mL, 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯储备液1 mL, 对羟基苯甲酸丁酯储备液1 mL于20 mL容量瓶中, 用水稀释并定容至刻度, 摇匀作为混合标准工作液⑦。随后以混合标准工作液⑦为基体, 用20%甲醇逐级稀释得标准曲线溶液①~⑥, 标准曲线溶液①~⑦其质量浓度分别为0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0 μg/mL混合系列标准工作溶液。
样品充分混匀, 精密称取样品2.50 g, 调节pH至7.5左右, 加20%甲醇约20 mL, 超声提取30 min, 冷却至室温, 用20%甲醇定容至25 mL, 摇匀, 用0.45 μm PTFE过滤即得。
应用Agilent 1260色谱仪配置处理软件OpenLAB CDS采集分析数据, Excel 2010软件进行数据处理。
在对色谱柱进行选择时, 综合评估3种不同品牌的色谱柱, 具体包括ACE Excel 5 C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)、Waters C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)以及Agilent C18 (4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm)。实验结果显示, 使用Waters色谱柱时, 柠檬黄与新红之间的分离效果不佳, 难以达到理想的分离度; 而采用Agilent色谱柱时, 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、亮蓝和酸性红等成分则出现了明显的重叠, 无法实现有效分离。在相同的实验条件下, ACE Excel 5 C18色谱柱能够确保各成分之间的分离度均超过1.5。因此, 最终选择ACE Excel 5 C18色谱柱作为本研究的优选色谱柱。
根据现有文献报道, 防腐剂、甜味剂和合成着色剂的检测所采用的流动相体系多样, 主要包括甲醇与20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(磷酸调节pH 6.0)的梯度洗脱[24]、甲醇-乙腈-水- 10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液的梯度洗脱[25]、甲醇与20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液的梯度洗脱[26-29]、乙腈与20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液的梯度洗脱[30]、乙腈与10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液的梯度洗脱[31], 以及甲醇与含有2 mmol/L甲酸的20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液的梯度洗脱[32]等。
综合上述文献信息, 甲醇-20 mmol/L乙酸铵系统因其广泛应用和良好效果而被多数研究采用。同时, GB 5009.28—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的测定》和GB 5009.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中合成着色剂的测定》中同样采用此系统, 本研究决定继续沿用甲醇-20 mmol/L乙酸铵系统作为流动相。
进一步地, 对20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液的pH进行了考察, 通过乙酸或氨水调节其pH至6.0、6.5、7.5、8.0以及未调节pH, 并结合不断优化的甲醇与乙酸铵比例进行梯度洗脱实验。实验结果显示, 当乙酸铵溶液的pH为7.5时, 各待测成分展现出最佳的分离效果, 分离度均超过1.5(图1)。因此, 本研究最终选定pH为7.5的20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液作为流动相, 并确定了最佳的实验条件, 具体参数详见表2
采用二极管阵列检测器, 在190~800 nm波长范围内对各标准溶液进行扫描, 以确定各组分的最大吸收波长。在满足各组分方法灵敏度要求的基础上, 并尽可能减少其他杂峰的干扰, 同时参考相关标准(GB 5009.28—2016、GB 5009.35—2023)及文献[29-30], 经综合考虑后确定: 安赛蜜、苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠(以糖精计)的检测波长选定为230 nm; 柠檬黄和喹啉黄的检测波长选定为415 nm; 新红、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、酸性红和赤藓红的检测波长选定为520 nm; 靛蓝和亮蓝的检测波长选定为610 nm; 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的检测波长选定为254 nm。
在考察样品pH对实验结果的影响时, 分别将样品调节至6.0、7.5、9.0和未调节pH。结果显示, 未调节pH的样品中赤藓红的回收率偏低, 而在6.0、7.5和9.0这3个pH条件下, 各检测成分回收率差异并不明显, 为与流动相pH一致, 本研究选择将样品的pH调节至7.5。
再对提取溶剂进行考察, 通过配制10%、20%、30%、40%和50%的甲醇水溶液, 考察不同浓度的甲醇作为提取溶剂的效果。实验结果表明, 当使用10%和20%的甲醇时, 峰型清晰、尖锐, 分离度良好。然而, 随着甲醇浓度的增加, 当超过30%时, 发现安赛蜜、柠檬黄和新红等成分的峰型开始变得扁平、拖尾, 分离效果明显下降。在综合考虑峰型表现、各成分的溶解性, 最终选择20%的甲醇作为最优的提取溶剂。
在探究滤膜对实验结果的影响时, 对PTFE滤膜、PVDF滤膜、尼龙66 (Nylon)滤膜以及PES滤膜进行了全面的考察。实验结果显示, 尼龙66 (Nylon)滤膜对赤藓红存在较为明显的吸附作用, 同时对其他色素成分也产生了不同程度的影响; PES滤膜则对对羟基苯甲酸酯类物质表现出不同程度的影响; PVDF滤膜特定地影响了对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯这两种成分; 相比之下, PTFE滤膜对各成分基本没有影响。基于上述实验结果, 最终选择PTFE滤膜作为最优的滤膜。
在1.2.1的色谱条件下, 对混合系列标准溶液进行测定, 在0.5~50.0 μg/mL范围内, 线性关系良好, 各成分标准色谱图见图1。以3倍信噪比计算检出限, 以10倍信噪比计算定量限, 回归方程、相关系数、检出限及定量限见表3, 结果表明19种食品添加剂在0.5~50.0 μg/mL范围内, 相关系数均在0.9998以上, 检出限为0.07~0.29 mg/kg, 定量限为0.23~0.96 mg/kg。安赛蜜的检出限和定量限均低于GB 5009.140—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中乙酰磺胺酸钾的测定》规定的检出限0.6 mg/kg, 定量限2 mg/kg。苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠(以糖精计)的检出限和定量限均低于GB 5009.28—2016规定的检出限5 mg/kg, 定量限10 mg/kg。柠檬黄、新红、胭脂红、日落黄、喹啉黄、赤鲜红、苋菜红、诱惑红、亮蓝、酸性红、靛蓝的检出限和定量限均低于GB 5009.35—2023规定的柠檬黄、新红、胭脂红、日落黄、喹啉黄、赤鲜红检出限均为0.5 mg/kg, 定量限均为1.5 mg/kg, 苋菜红、诱惑红、亮蓝、酸性红、靛蓝检出限均为0.3 mg/kg, 定量限均为1.0 mg/kg。对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙脂、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的检出限和定量限均低于GB 5009.31—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中对羟基苯甲酸酯类的测定》规定的检出限0.6 mg/kg, 定量限2.0 mg/kg, 灵敏度高。
取添加5 μg/mL的混合标准溶液的空白饮料样品按1.2.1项下色谱条件进行检测, 分别连续进样6次, 6次测定的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)结果见表4, RSDs为0.02%~0.25%, 结果表明, 本方法的重复性良好。
准确称取空白饮料样品, 分别精密加入混合标准工作液⑦ 0.5、1.0、2.5 mL依法提取, 3个浓度水平的溶液各3份, 按1.2.1节色谱条件进行检测, 其回收率见表5, 结果表明19种食品添加剂平均回收率在92.26%~104.59%之间, RSDs在0.45%~1.67%之间, 回收率良好。
选择20批饮料按方法进行检测, 有7批检出不同成分, 结果为样品1检出安赛蜜为54.4 mg/kg, 苯甲酸为141.8 mg/kg, 柠檬黄为5.8 mg/kg和日落黄为16.9 mg/kg; 样品2检出安赛蜜为61.9 mg/kg, 苯甲酸为141.7 mg/kg, 诱惑红为46.6 mg/kg和亮蓝为2.0 mg/kg; 样品3检出安赛蜜为23.1 mg/kg; 样品4检出安赛蜜为15.3 mg/kg和苯甲酸为141.3 mg/kg; 样品5检出安赛蜜为26.8 mg/kg和山梨酸为120.7 mg/kg; 样品6检出安赛蜜为55.7 mg/kg, 苯甲酸为144.9 mg/kg, 柠檬黄为6.0 mg/kg和日落黄为17.3 mg/kg; 样品7检出苯甲酸为121.0 mg/kg, 柠檬黄为2.1 mg/kg和苋菜红为5.5 mg/kg, 其余样品为未检出, 所检出成分均未超过国家标准限度要求。
本研究建立了HPLC用于同时测定饮料中的19种常见食品添加剂, 包括防腐剂(如苯甲酸、山梨酸及对羟基苯甲酸酯类)、甜味剂[如安赛蜜、糖精钠(以糖精计)]、合成着色剂(如柠檬黄、新红、胭脂红等)。通过对实验条件的优化, 包括流动相的选择与pH调节、梯度洗脱程序的设定以及检测波长的选择等, 实现了对饮料中19种食品添加剂的同时检测, 实验结果显示, 每种食品添加剂的检出限和定量限均低于国家相关标准, 充分证明了本方法的实用性。采用此方法, 19种食品添加剂均得到有效分离, 确保了检测结果的准确性。同时, 利用二极管阵列检测器在特定波长下对各目标物进行检测, 进一步提高了方法的灵敏度和选择性。此外, 本方法具有操作简便、准确度高、重复性好等优点, 适用于大批量样品的快速筛查和定量分析。
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250215002
  • 接收时间:2025-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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    北海市公共检验检测中心, 北海 536000

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*朱飞如(1990—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品检验检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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