Article(id=1216517515509941112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250218004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767969977499, onlineDateStr=2026-01-09, pubDate=1755187200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767969977499, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767969977499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767969977499, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1216517514570417012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767969977276, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768211590858, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217530915467743721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1216517514570417012, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=142, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1216517516243944323, articleId=1216517515509941112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Risk assessment of food safety supervision and sampling inspection in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023, columnId=1151923892655846010, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Safety Risk Assessment and Risk Monitoring, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the food safety issues and risk existing in the food safety supervision and sampling inspection data of Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023. Methods By summarizing the sampling data of food safety supervision in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023, a comprehensive analysis was carried out from multiple dimensions including unqualified rates, food categories and unqualified items. Results In the past 3 years from 2021 to 2023, a total of 129665 food were sampled in Jiangsu Province, and the overall unqualified rate was 1.87%. From the unqualified sampling batches perspective, edible agricultural products recorded the highest number of sampled batches (917 batches) and the highest unqualified rate (39%), followed by catering foods with 446 sampled batches and a 19% non-compliance rate. The main problems included excessive residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, substandard quality indicators and microbial pollution, with a total of 71.8% of unqualified samples. Excessive pesticide residues were predominantly identified in ginger (73 batches of thiacloprid) and Chinese chives (54 batches of procymidone). Excessive veterinary drug residues were primarily characterized by enrofloxacin contamination, mainly detected in bream, crucian carp, swamp eel, giant river prawns and other aquatic products. The main issue of non-compliance with substandard quality indicators was principally manifested through elevated peroxide values and acid values in roasted nuts and nut products, as well as pastries. Microbial contamination was concentrated in catering foods (195 batches of coliform bacteria) and pastries (89 batches of total bacterial count). Conclusion Food safety risks in Jiangsu Province show a trend of category concentration. Attention should be paid to edible agricultural products, catering foods, pastries, fried foods and nut products, as well as agricultural and veterinary drug residues, substandard quality indicators and microbial contamination, etc. It is suggested to improve regulatory measures from the aspects of source control, food hygiene management, sampling program optimization and social co-governance to reduce food safety risks.

, correspAuthors=Da-Fang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Da-Fang LI, Zheng-Yong ZHANG, Yu-Feng PENG, Jie-Qi WU, Shu-Ying YANG, Bao-Yu YANG, Yu-Bo FANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1216517518601143234, articleId=1216517515509941112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检风险评价, columnId=1151923892995109553, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 分析2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检数据中存在的食品安全问题和风险。方法 汇总2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检数据, 从不合格率、食品类别以及不合格项目等多个维度进行综合分析。结果 2021—2023近3年来, 江苏省食品抽检总计129665批次, 整体不合格率为1.87%。从抽检不合格批次来看, 食用农产品抽检批次(917批次)最多, 占比(39%)最高, 餐饮食品抽检批次(446批次)和占比(19%)次之。主要问题包括农药兽药残留超标、质量指标不达标、微生物污染, 其不合格样品占比合计达到71.8%。农药残留超标主要集中于生姜(噻虫胺73批次)、韭菜(腐霉利54批次); 兽药残留超标以恩诺沙星为主, 主要涉及鳊鱼、鲫鱼、黄鳝、罗氏虾等水产品; 质量指标不达标主要问题为炒货食品及坚果制品、糕点等中过氧化值与酸价偏高; 微生物污染主要集中于餐饮食品(大肠菌群195批次)、糕点(菌落总数89批次)。结论 江苏省食品安全风险呈品类集中化趋势, 应重点关注食用农产品、餐饮食品、糕点、炒货食品及坚果制品, 以及农药兽药残留超标、质量指标不达标、微生物污染等问题, 建议从源头管控、餐饮卫生管理、抽检方案优化及社会共治等方面完善监管措施, 降低食品安全风险。

, correspAuthors=李大芳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李大芳(1982—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品安全。E-mail:
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Pesticide intelligent detection and traceability system based on blockchain[D]. 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Selection of behavior strategy for quality investment in food supply chain under social co-governance framework[J]. Journal of Macro-quality Research, 2024, 12(1): 69-85., articleTitle=Selection of behavior strategy for quality investment in food supply chain under social co-governance framework, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127920561214069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=159, pageEnd=168, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=61, authorNames=王炎, journalName=江苏社会科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王炎. 食品安全“吹哨人”制度的实践困境与破解策略[J]. 江苏社会科学, 2023(4): 159-168., articleTitle=食品安全“吹哨人”制度的实践困境与破解策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217127920666071671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=159, pageEnd=168, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=62, authorNames=WANG Y, journalName=Jiangsu Social Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y. Practical dilemmas and solutions to the "Whistleblower" system in food safety[J]. Jiangsu Social Sciences, 2023(4): 159-168., articleTitle=Practical dilemmas and solutions to the "Whistleblower" system in food safety, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217127909752492289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, awardId=2023YFD1000400, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划重点专项(2023YFD1000400), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217127909840572679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, awardId=61402221, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学青年基金项目(61402221), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217127909962207500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, awardId=61602217, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学青年基金项目(61602217), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217127911207915797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, awardId=null, language=CN, 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journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127902487958340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, companyId=1217127902471181122, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Food Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province's Universities, Nanjing 210046, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217127902504735559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, companyId=1217127902471181122, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 食品加工与质量控制江苏高校重点实验室, 南京 210046)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217127907902804093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Proportion of unqualified food categories in sampled batches from 2021 to 2023, figureFileSmall=jHH5dpwoj6nJNRgBYUONJA==, figureFileBig=yKYtHHj1och0vUJF+XE5yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908007661703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2021—2023年不合格食品类别抽检批次占比情况, figureFileSmall=jHH5dpwoj6nJNRgBYUONJA==, figureFileBig=yKYtHHj1och0vUJF+XE5yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908133490838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Situation of annual unqualified rates for various food categories inspected from 2021 to 2023, figureFileSmall=FmA7GG9EJAg4jGZHQAAScQ==, figureFileBig=a5oOIw5frGX02T9rGWsezQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908246737054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2021—2023年每年各食品类别抽检不合格率的情况, figureFileSmall=FmA7GG9EJAg4jGZHQAAScQ==, figureFileBig=a5oOIw5frGX02T9rGWsezQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908372566183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Total number and cumulative proportion of unqualified items in food safety supervision and sampling inspection from 2021 to 2023, figureFileSmall=4hWwg9vl2VfGWyBAGqP5PQ==, figureFileBig=YhNc5Lc/IYnhnAzQ6cMZhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908506783915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2021—2023年食品安全监督抽检不合格项目总批次数及累计比例, figureFileSmall=4hWwg9vl2VfGWyBAGqP5PQ==, figureFileBig=YhNc5Lc/IYnhnAzQ6cMZhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908649390263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of proportion of unqualified items of food safety supervision and sampling inspection from 2021 to 2023, figureFileSmall=NsjxIRoXy1uVcfXkcKU4HQ==, figureFileBig=A7xd6RSGGvkHdbwEDGIvaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908758442174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2021—2023年食品安全监督抽检不合格项目占比对比情况, figureFileSmall=NsjxIRoXy1uVcfXkcKU4HQ==, figureFileBig=A7xd6RSGGvkHdbwEDGIvaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217127908896854216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Overall situation of food safety supervision and sampling inspection from 2021 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 抽检总量/批次 不合格批次/批次 不合格率/%
2021 53149 767 1.44
2022 45135 944 2.09
2023 31381 654 2.08
总计 129665 2365 1.87
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909018489041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2021—2023年食品安全监督抽检整体情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份 抽检总量/批次 不合格批次/批次 不合格率/%
2021 53149 767 1.44
2022 45135 944 2.09
2023 31381 654 2.08
总计 129665 2365 1.87
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909148512475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistics situation of excessive residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs and heavy metal and other element pollution from 2021 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品类别/批次 农药兽药、重金属不合格项目/批次
生姜(103) 噻虫胺(73)、噻虫嗪(20)、吡虫啉(7)、毒死蜱(1)、氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯(1)
韭菜(83) 腐霉利(54)、毒死蜱(8)、氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯(4)、镉(4)、克百威(4)、二甲戊灵(2)、氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯(3)、甲拌磷(1)、铅(1)、敌敌畏(1)、多菌灵(1)
梭子蟹(82) 镉(82)
鳊鱼(76) 恩诺沙星(76)
豇豆(71) 倍硫磷(14)、灭蝇胺(10)、噻虫胺(10)、噻虫嗪(10)、克百威(7)、甲基异柳磷(4)、水胺硫磷(3)、啶虫脒(2)、三唑磷(2)、水胺硫磷(2)、氧乐果(3)、毒死蜱(1)、氯唑磷(1)、氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯(1)、灭多威(1)
香蕉(53) 吡虫啉(21)、噻虫胺(15)、噻虫嗪(14)、腈苯唑(4)
百合(45) 镉(44)、总汞(1)
鲫鱼(42) 恩诺沙星(36)、地西泮(3)、孔雀石绿(3)
皮皮虾(33) 镉(33)
牛蛙(29) 恩诺沙星(24)、呋喃西林代谢物(2)、呋喃唑酮代谢物(2)、氯霉素(1)
黄鳝(28) 恩诺沙星(22)、氧氟沙星(2)、诺氟沙星(1)、培氟沙星(1)、呋喃唑酮代谢物(1)、甲氧苄啶(1)
泥鳅(21) 恩诺沙星(21)
芹菜(20) 噻虫胺(6)、辛硫磷(2)、毒死蜱(3)、甲拌磷(3)、克百威(3)、氧乐果(1)、铅(1)、噻虫嗪(1)
老姜(15) 噻虫胺(10)、噻虫嗪(4)、吡虫啉(1)
罗氏虾(13) 恩诺沙星(13)
黑鱼(10) 恩诺沙星(4)、氧氟沙星(3)、五氯酚酸钠(1)、孔雀石绿(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909303701731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2021—2023年农兽药残留超标和重金属等元素污染统计情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品类别/批次 农药兽药、重金属不合格项目/批次
生姜(103) 噻虫胺(73)、噻虫嗪(20)、吡虫啉(7)、毒死蜱(1)、氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯(1)
韭菜(83) 腐霉利(54)、毒死蜱(8)、氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯(4)、镉(4)、克百威(4)、二甲戊灵(2)、氯氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯(3)、甲拌磷(1)、铅(1)、敌敌畏(1)、多菌灵(1)
梭子蟹(82) 镉(82)
鳊鱼(76) 恩诺沙星(76)
豇豆(71) 倍硫磷(14)、灭蝇胺(10)、噻虫胺(10)、噻虫嗪(10)、克百威(7)、甲基异柳磷(4)、水胺硫磷(3)、啶虫脒(2)、三唑磷(2)、水胺硫磷(2)、氧乐果(3)、毒死蜱(1)、氯唑磷(1)、氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯(1)、灭多威(1)
香蕉(53) 吡虫啉(21)、噻虫胺(15)、噻虫嗪(14)、腈苯唑(4)
百合(45) 镉(44)、总汞(1)
鲫鱼(42) 恩诺沙星(36)、地西泮(3)、孔雀石绿(3)
皮皮虾(33) 镉(33)
牛蛙(29) 恩诺沙星(24)、呋喃西林代谢物(2)、呋喃唑酮代谢物(2)、氯霉素(1)
黄鳝(28) 恩诺沙星(22)、氧氟沙星(2)、诺氟沙星(1)、培氟沙星(1)、呋喃唑酮代谢物(1)、甲氧苄啶(1)
泥鳅(21) 恩诺沙星(21)
芹菜(20) 噻虫胺(6)、辛硫磷(2)、毒死蜱(3)、甲拌磷(3)、克百威(3)、氧乐果(1)、铅(1)、噻虫嗪(1)
老姜(15) 噻虫胺(10)、噻虫嗪(4)、吡虫啉(1)
罗氏虾(13) 恩诺沙星(13)
黑鱼(10) 恩诺沙星(4)、氧氟沙星(3)、五氯酚酸钠(1)、孔雀石绿(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909408559335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Statistics situation of non-compliant items by food category from 2021 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目类别 不合格项目/批次 食品类别/批次
质量指标 过氧化值(252) 炒货食品及坚果制品(127)、糕点(99)、速冻食品(11)、饼干(7)、薯类和膨化食品(7)、肉制品(1)
酸价(138) 糕点(65)、黑芝麻(37)、炒货食品及坚果制品(24)、方便食品(5)、薯类和膨化食品(4)、餐饮食品(2)、食用油、油脂及其制品(1)
酒精度(82) 酒类(82)
食品添加剂 铝的残留量(103) 餐饮食品(79)、水产制品(8)、淀粉及淀粉制品(7)、豆制品(4)、糕点(4)、饼干(1)
脱氢乙酸及其钠盐(32) 糕点(17)、食用农产品(6)、粮食加工品(2)、肉制品(2)、蔬菜制品(1)、水产制品(1)、饮料(1)、方便食品(1)、餐饮食品(1)
山梨酸及其钾盐(28) 水产制品(9)、炒货食品(5)、豆制品(2)、肉制品(3)、罐头(3)、餐饮食品(2)、水果制品(2)、饮料(1)、糕点(1)
苯甲酸及其钠盐(27) 糕点(11)、水产制品(5)、蔬菜制品(4)、豆制品(2)、调味品(1)、淀粉及其制品(1)、餐饮食品(1)、水果制品(1)、淀粉及淀粉制品(1)
防腐剂混合使用时各自用量占其最大使用量的比例之和(17) 糕点(10)、调味品(2)、蔬菜制品(4)、肉制品(1)
微生物污染 大肠菌群(234) 餐饮食品(195)、炒货食品及坚果制品(14)、水产制品(8)、糕点(7)、方便食品(3)、薯类和膨化食品(2)、饮料(1)、调味品(1)、豆制品(1)、水果制品(1)、冷冻食品(1)
菌落总数(184) 糕点(89)、水产制品(23)、肉制品(23)、方便食品(16)、饮料(7)、淀粉及淀粉制品(7)、水果制品(5)、餐饮食品(6)、调味品(4)、冷冻饮品(2)、蜂产品(1)、薯类和膨化食品(1)
霉菌(79) 糕点(41)、方便食品(19)、炒货食品(15)、饮料(3)、水果制品(1)
铜绿假单胞菌(13) 饮料(13)
有机污染物 阴离子合成洗涤剂(189) 餐饮食品(189)
生物毒素 黄曲霉毒素B₁ (15) 花生米(13)、玉米锅巴(1)、巴旦木仁(1)
), ArticleFig(id=1217127909542777074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1216517515509941112, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2021—2023年不同食品类别的不合格项目统计情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目类别 不合格项目/批次 食品类别/批次
质量指标 过氧化值(252) 炒货食品及坚果制品(127)、糕点(99)、速冻食品(11)、饼干(7)、薯类和膨化食品(7)、肉制品(1)
酸价(138) 糕点(65)、黑芝麻(37)、炒货食品及坚果制品(24)、方便食品(5)、薯类和膨化食品(4)、餐饮食品(2)、食用油、油脂及其制品(1)
酒精度(82) 酒类(82)
食品添加剂 铝的残留量(103) 餐饮食品(79)、水产制品(8)、淀粉及淀粉制品(7)、豆制品(4)、糕点(4)、饼干(1)
脱氢乙酸及其钠盐(32) 糕点(17)、食用农产品(6)、粮食加工品(2)、肉制品(2)、蔬菜制品(1)、水产制品(1)、饮料(1)、方便食品(1)、餐饮食品(1)
山梨酸及其钾盐(28) 水产制品(9)、炒货食品(5)、豆制品(2)、肉制品(3)、罐头(3)、餐饮食品(2)、水果制品(2)、饮料(1)、糕点(1)
苯甲酸及其钠盐(27) 糕点(11)、水产制品(5)、蔬菜制品(4)、豆制品(2)、调味品(1)、淀粉及其制品(1)、餐饮食品(1)、水果制品(1)、淀粉及淀粉制品(1)
防腐剂混合使用时各自用量占其最大使用量的比例之和(17) 糕点(10)、调味品(2)、蔬菜制品(4)、肉制品(1)
微生物污染 大肠菌群(234) 餐饮食品(195)、炒货食品及坚果制品(14)、水产制品(8)、糕点(7)、方便食品(3)、薯类和膨化食品(2)、饮料(1)、调味品(1)、豆制品(1)、水果制品(1)、冷冻食品(1)
菌落总数(184) 糕点(89)、水产制品(23)、肉制品(23)、方便食品(16)、饮料(7)、淀粉及淀粉制品(7)、水果制品(5)、餐饮食品(6)、调味品(4)、冷冻饮品(2)、蜂产品(1)、薯类和膨化食品(1)
霉菌(79) 糕点(41)、方便食品(19)、炒货食品(15)、饮料(3)、水果制品(1)
铜绿假单胞菌(13) 饮料(13)
有机污染物 阴离子合成洗涤剂(189) 餐饮食品(189)
生物毒素 黄曲霉毒素B₁ (15) 花生米(13)、玉米锅巴(1)、巴旦木仁(1)
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2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检风险评价
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李大芳 1, 2, * , 张正勇 1, 2 , 彭育凤 1 , 吴洁琪 1 , 杨淑英 1 , 杨宝玉 1 , 方宇博 1
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025,16(15): 142-149
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品安全风险评估与风险监测 2025, 16(15): 142-149
2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检风险评价
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李大芳1, 2, * , 张正勇1, 2, 彭育凤1, 吴洁琪1, 杨淑英1, 杨宝玉1, 方宇博1
作者信息
  • 1 南京财经大学管理科学与工程学院, 南京 210046
  • 2 食品加工与质量控制江苏高校重点实验室, 南京 210046

通讯作者:

*李大芳(1982—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品安全。E-mail:
Risk assessment of food safety supervision and sampling inspection in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023
Da-Fang LI1, 2, * , Zheng-Yong ZHANG1, 2, Yu-Feng PENG1, Jie-Qi WU1, Shu-Ying YANG1, Bao-Yu YANG1, Yu-Bo FANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 College of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210046, China
  • 2 Food Processing and Quality Control, Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province's Universities, Nanjing 210046, China
出版时间: 2025-08-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250218004
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目的 分析2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检数据中存在的食品安全问题和风险。方法 汇总2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检数据, 从不合格率、食品类别以及不合格项目等多个维度进行综合分析。结果 2021—2023近3年来, 江苏省食品抽检总计129665批次, 整体不合格率为1.87%。从抽检不合格批次来看, 食用农产品抽检批次(917批次)最多, 占比(39%)最高, 餐饮食品抽检批次(446批次)和占比(19%)次之。主要问题包括农药兽药残留超标、质量指标不达标、微生物污染, 其不合格样品占比合计达到71.8%。农药残留超标主要集中于生姜(噻虫胺73批次)、韭菜(腐霉利54批次); 兽药残留超标以恩诺沙星为主, 主要涉及鳊鱼、鲫鱼、黄鳝、罗氏虾等水产品; 质量指标不达标主要问题为炒货食品及坚果制品、糕点等中过氧化值与酸价偏高; 微生物污染主要集中于餐饮食品(大肠菌群195批次)、糕点(菌落总数89批次)。结论 江苏省食品安全风险呈品类集中化趋势, 应重点关注食用农产品、餐饮食品、糕点、炒货食品及坚果制品, 以及农药兽药残留超标、质量指标不达标、微生物污染等问题, 建议从源头管控、餐饮卫生管理、抽检方案优化及社会共治等方面完善监管措施, 降低食品安全风险。

食品安全  /  风险评价  /  监督抽检  /  食用农产品

Objective To analyze the food safety issues and risk existing in the food safety supervision and sampling inspection data of Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023. Methods By summarizing the sampling data of food safety supervision in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023, a comprehensive analysis was carried out from multiple dimensions including unqualified rates, food categories and unqualified items. Results In the past 3 years from 2021 to 2023, a total of 129665 food were sampled in Jiangsu Province, and the overall unqualified rate was 1.87%. From the unqualified sampling batches perspective, edible agricultural products recorded the highest number of sampled batches (917 batches) and the highest unqualified rate (39%), followed by catering foods with 446 sampled batches and a 19% non-compliance rate. The main problems included excessive residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, substandard quality indicators and microbial pollution, with a total of 71.8% of unqualified samples. Excessive pesticide residues were predominantly identified in ginger (73 batches of thiacloprid) and Chinese chives (54 batches of procymidone). Excessive veterinary drug residues were primarily characterized by enrofloxacin contamination, mainly detected in bream, crucian carp, swamp eel, giant river prawns and other aquatic products. The main issue of non-compliance with substandard quality indicators was principally manifested through elevated peroxide values and acid values in roasted nuts and nut products, as well as pastries. Microbial contamination was concentrated in catering foods (195 batches of coliform bacteria) and pastries (89 batches of total bacterial count). Conclusion Food safety risks in Jiangsu Province show a trend of category concentration. Attention should be paid to edible agricultural products, catering foods, pastries, fried foods and nut products, as well as agricultural and veterinary drug residues, substandard quality indicators and microbial contamination, etc. It is suggested to improve regulatory measures from the aspects of source control, food hygiene management, sampling program optimization and social co-governance to reduce food safety risks.

food safety  /  risk assessment  /  supervision and sampling inspection  /  edible agricultural products
李大芳, 张正勇, 彭育凤, 吴洁琪, 杨淑英, 杨宝玉, 方宇博. 2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检风险评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (15) : 142 -149 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250218004
Da-Fang LI, Zheng-Yong ZHANG, Yu-Feng PENG, Jie-Qi WU, Shu-Ying YANG, Bao-Yu YANG, Yu-Bo FANG. Risk assessment of food safety supervision and sampling inspection in Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2023[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (15) : 142 -149 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250218004
食品安全作为关乎国计民生的重要议题, 一直是社会各界关注的焦点[1]。党的二十大报告明确提出“强化食品药品安全监管”[2], 为新时代食品安全监管提供了战略指引。2024年6月正式施行的《江苏省食品安全条例》, 进一步以法律形式强化了食品安全全链条监管体系。在此背景下, 作为食品安全监管的核心抓手, 监督抽检数据不仅是政策效果的“晴雨表”, 更是风险识别的“探测器”。对这些数据的系统性分析, 可精准反映食品安全现状及演变趋势。对此, 学界已开展大量实证研究。席金忠等[3]对2020—2022年全国食品安全抽检中的不合格项目进行了深入分析, 揭示了食品安全监管中存在的问题。马怡童等[4]通过对2021—2023年全国食品安全抽检数据的分析, 阐述了我国食品安全存在的问题。这些研究成果表明, 持续强化监督抽检既是落实中央监管要求的必然选择, 也是实现“舌尖上的安全”的重要技术路径。
江苏省作为全国食品生产和加工大省, 其食品安全风险具有显著的典型性和辐射效应[5]。然而, 现有研究多聚焦于单一年份或局部区域, 如杨芳等[6]针对某市食品不合格项目的静态分析, 缺乏对全省风险演变的动态追踪; 李清光等[7]虽基于2019年食品安全数据揭示了部分风险源, 但时效性不足。基于此, 本研究以2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检数据为样本, 多维度对比解析食品安全问题, 揭示高风险食品及不合格项目, 以期为江苏省乃至全国监管部门提供高效监管策略, 进一步提升食品安全风险管理的精准度。
为确保样本数据的真实有效性, 该研究数据来源于江苏省市场监督管理局官网在2021年1月1日至2023年12月31日通告的食品抽检不合格情况, 涵盖食用农产品、餐饮食品、糕点、炒货食品及坚果制品、调味品、酒类、肉制品、水产制品等28个食品类别。
应用Microsoft Excel 2016软件进行数据汇总和统计分析。
2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检总量为129665批次, 其中不合格样品为2365批次, 样品不合格率为1.87%(表1), 表明江苏省食品安全形势总体平稳。食品抽检总量从2021年的53149批次逐年减少至2023年31381批次, 降幅达41%, 呈显著递减趋势, 但样品不合格率从2021年的1.44%上升至2022年的2.09%, 2023年维持在2.08%, 较2021年增长0.64个百分点。这一趋势表明, 随着抽检精准度的提升, 问题食品检出能力显著增强, 体现了食品安全监督抽查“以问题为导向”的核心原则。
2021—2023近3年江苏省食品安全监督抽检共覆盖28类食品, 其中被抽检批次最多的是食用农产品, 且不合格批次最多, 共917批次, 占比39%(图1); 其次是餐饮食品, 共446批次, 占比19%, 糕点共337批次, 占比14%。这说明江苏省食用农产品和餐饮食品质量安全情况逊于食品安全总体情况。
在过去3年中, 食用农产品、糕点、炒货食品及坚果制品以及餐饮食品4类食品持续位列不合格食品类别的前4位(图2)。从图2可见, 食用农产品的不合格率在3年内均保持在34.0%以上, 显示出食用农产品安全问题仍是监管工作的重点。糕点和饮料的不合格率则呈现波动趋势, 其中糕点的不合格率从2021年的14.0%上升至2022年的17.9%, 随后在2023年下降至9.3%, 尽管有所改善, 但仍占较大比例。相比之下, 炒货食品及坚果制品的不合格率呈下降趋势, 而酒类和水产制品的不合格率在过去两年保持稳定, 反映出相关监管部门与企业在质量管理和监管措施方面取得了积极成效。然而, 餐饮食品的不合格率在3年内却呈现上升趋势, 分别为9.9%、16.6%和32.6%。进一步调查显示, 餐具是餐饮食品不合格的主要原因, 其3年内的不合格率分别为55%、90%和80%, 持续处于高位[8]。监管部门应加大对餐饮企业餐具卫生管理的监管力度, 通过制定更严格的行业标准和操作规范, 督促企业切实履行主体责任[9], 提升餐具清洗与消毒的质量。
2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检共发现2507批次不合格项目。其中农药兽药残留超标、质量指标不达标和微生物污染三类不合格项目累计比例达71.8%(图3)。不合格项目类别最多的是农药兽药残留超标, 共760批次, 3年内占比分别为27%、34%、28%(图4)。据联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO)发布的数据, 2021年我国的农药用量高达244万t, 位列全球第4。长期摄入含有农兽药残留的食品, 可能引发致癌、致畸、致突变等一系列问题[10], 需监管部门密切关注。
质量指标不达标共531批次。随着国民经济的发展和公众健康意识的提升, 生产企业和监管部门对食品质量管理日益重视, 质量指标已成为衡量食品安全与品质的关键。从图4可知, 质量指标不达标的占比呈现下降趋势, 从2021年的25%逐年降至2023年的17%。
微生物污染、超限量超范围使用食品添加剂、重金属污染、有机物污染、生物霉素分别为516、295、197、195、15批次。微生物污染作为食品安全的重要风险指标, 在3年内的占比均大于等于19%, 显示出其在食品安全监管中的持续重要性。超限量超范围使用食品添加剂在2022年虽有所下降, 但2023年又升至14%, 反映了部分企业在追求食品口感与外观时可能忽视了添加剂使用的合理性与安全性。同时, 有机物污染占比呈现出明显的上升趋势, 从2021年的3%增加至2023年的14%。这两项指标的升高与江苏省餐饮食品行业的快速发展密不可分, 反映出在行业快速增长的背后, 可能存在监管盲区、生产标准执行不严以及食品链各环节间的协同不足等问题。作为沿海省份, 江苏省拥有丰富的海产资源, 但随之而来的重金属污染问题也不容忽视, 这要求监管部门加强对海产品养殖和加工过程的监管, 确保食品安全。
2021—2023年, 在蔬菜、水果类中生姜(103批次)和韭菜(83批次)是农药残留不合格批次最多的两类, 豇豆(71批次)、香蕉(53批次)次之(表2)。检出的频率较高的前4种农药分别是噻虫胺、腐霉利、倍硫磷、吡虫啉。噻虫胺是第二代烟碱类杀虫剂, 对刺吸式害虫有良好的防治效果, 然而长期食用噻虫胺超标食品可能危害神经与呼吸系统, 引发中毒及致癌、致畸[11]。从表2可知, 生姜(73批次)与老姜(10批次)成为噻虫胺残留超标的主要风险品种, 豇豆(10批次)及芹菜(6批次)次之。水果中高风险种类是香蕉, 累计检出噻虫胺15批次。GB 763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》规定了生姜、豇豆、芹菜、香蕉噻虫胺最大残留限量分别为0.2、0.01、0.04、0.02 mg/kg。傅强等[12]认为噻虫胺残留超标原因: (1)噻虫嗪农药代谢产生噻虫胺, 使用噻虫嗪防治虫害可能致残留超标; (2)直接违规使用未登记的噻虫胺农药制剂导致残留超标。腐霉利是防治韭菜灰霉病的主要药剂之一, 最大残留限量为0.2 mg/kg。韭菜作为腐霉利残留高风险载体, 超标达54批次, 其残留风险与设施栽培环境密切关联。在温室大棚中, 由于腐霉利更难降解, 其残留时间更长, 加之种植过程中的过量使用, 导致韭菜中腐霉利浓度超标[13]。腐霉利会改变人体的激素受体水平或功能, 影响男性生殖系统[14]。倍硫磷是一种触杀、广谱、持效期长的有机磷杀虫剂, 可杀死蔬菜害虫。作为豆类蔬菜的代表性品种, 豇豆3年间累计检出倍硫磷超标14批次。GB 763—2021规定豇豆中倍硫磷最大残留限量为0.05 mg/kg, 倍硫磷残留量超标, 严重会引起中毒。在水果类抽检中, 香蕉吡虫啉超标达21批次。该新烟碱类农药虽能有效防治花蓟马等害虫, 但其内吸特性导致果肉残留风险加剧。长期食用吡虫啉超标的食品可能对人体胆碱酯酶活性产生抑制作用。在防控实践中, 王咪咪等[15]研究发现套袋可显著降低香蕉中吡虫啉残留量, 这一操作在海口等地的香蕉生产技术指南中均有明确应用。
3年内兽药残留超标共312批次, 其中恩诺沙星超标情况最为严重, 达到235批次。长期不规范、过量使用恩诺沙星导致鳊鱼、鲫鱼、牛蛙、黄鳝、泥鳅、罗氏虾、黑鱼等水产品的残留超标。恩诺沙星是第三代氟喹诺酮类抗生素, 长期食用恩诺沙星残留超标的食物, 轻则引起消化系统功能紊乱, 重则造成肝、肾功能性损伤[16]
3年内重金属污染共197批次, 其中镉超标176批次, 占比89%。镉超标主要集中在食用农产品。镉是一种累积性的有毒重金属, 广泛应用于杀虫剂、防腐剂等工业加工。工业排放导致土壤和海洋污染, 进而通过食物链影响植物和动物, 造成镉含量超标。据环境保护部和国土资源部统计, 全国有3600多万公顷土地遭受污染, 其中2000万公顷受重金属污染[17]。长期食用镉超标食物易可能损害神经和造血系统[18], 甚至致癌、致畸。镉已被国际癌症研究署列为I类致癌物。表2数据显示, 百合、梭子蟹和皮皮虾等产品中镉超标现象较为严重。雷星宇等[19]发现土壤镉含量对卷丹百合鳞茎安全影响显著, 可通过使用土壤钝化剂和叶面钝化肥来降低植物对镉的吸收[20]。江苏的梭子蟹、皮皮虾主要产自连云港、南通等地, 后者海产品普遍存在重金属污染, 与小作坊工厂随意排放废水和农药残留有关[21]。因此, 控制潜在污染源对减少海产品中的重金属污染至关重要。
在质量指标中, 不合格项目最多的是过氧化值, 达252批次, 其次是酸价(138批次)和酒精度(82批次), 具体见表3。过氧化值和酸价主要反映产品中油脂的氧化变质及酸败程度[22]。轻微的酸败对健康无害, 但严重酸败可能导致肠胃不适[23]。炒货食品及坚果制品和糕点中, 过氧化值超标最为突出, 分别为127批次和99批次。糕点的酸价超标最多, 为65批次, 其次是黑芝麻37批次。过氧化值和酸价超标的原因可能包括原料质量不佳、使用劣质油脂和储存不当[24]。因此, 监管机构应对这些食品加强生产和储存环节的监督。酒精度是白酒是否合格的判定指标之一。酒精度不达标可能是由于生产工艺不佳、检验不严、包装密封不良, 或者故意以低度酒冒充高度酒以降低成本[25]
在食品添加剂中, 铝残留量超标最为严重, 共103批次, 主要出现在餐饮食品(79批次)中, 尤其是油条, 占比76.7%。铝残留量超标原因可能是个别企业在生产加工过程中超范围、超限量使用含铝添加剂、未控制好含铝食品添加剂的使用量或是其使用的复配添加剂中铝含量过高[26]。其次, 糕点中脱氢乙酸及其钠盐、苯甲酸及其钠盐及防腐剂混合使用方面普遍超标。山梨酸及其钾盐超标主要涉及水产品。
在微生物污染中, 大肠菌群超标最为常见, 共234批次, 菌落总数(184批次)和霉菌(79批次)次之。大肠菌群和菌落总数是评估食品微生物污染程度及卫生状况的关键指标[27]。大肠菌群超标主要发生在餐饮食品餐具中, 占总超标项目的83%, 反映出部分消毒单位仍存在消毒不彻底和交叉污染等问题[28]。菌落总数超标主要出现在糕点(89批次)、水产品(23批次)和肉制品(23批次)中, 可能与原料污染、生产过程中卫生控制不严, 或储运条件不达标[27]有关。霉菌超标的产品多为糕点(41批次)、方便食品(19批次)和炒货食品(15批次)。
阴离子合成洗涤剂在有机污染物中的不合格项目最多, 共189批次, 主要涉及餐饮食品, 原因可能包括使用不合格洗涤剂或餐具清洗不彻底等[29]。建议监管部门加大餐具大肠菌群和阴离子合成洗涤剂的抽检频次, 严格执法, 加大处罚力度, 并完善举报奖励制度, 推动食品安全的多元共治, 保障人民健康。
黄曲霉毒素B1是一种致癌性很强的生物毒素, 3年内共有13批次花生米检出超标。花生在高温高湿环境下易被污染, 可能导致肝癌等严重疾病[30], 因此监管部门应加大对花生黄曲霉毒素B1的监管力度。
本研究对2021—2023年江苏省食品安全监督抽检数据进行了多维度分析。基于上述研究结果显示, 江苏省在食品安全抽检中投入了大量的人力物力, 竭力保障食品安全。从抽检批次来看, 食用农产品、餐饮食品和糕点抽检不合格批次较高, 合计占比达72%, 其中食用农产品占比最高, 为39%。食品安全风险因子呈现显著集聚特征: 农药兽药残留超标占比30%, 其中生姜噻虫胺超标、韭菜腐霉利超标、鳊鱼、鲫鱼、黄鳝和泥鳅等水产品恩诺沙星超标; 重金属污染中镉超标占比89%, 梭子蟹、百合为其主要载体; 质量指标中过氧化值与酸价占比73%, 集中于炒货食品及坚果制品。值得注意的是, 餐饮食品不合格率3年增长22.7%, 餐具的微生物污染与阴离子合成洗涤剂残留暴露后厨卫生管控漏洞。
基于上述问题, 建议从以下方面完善监管措施: (1)强化生产环节源头管控。针对食用农产品, 建立农药兽药使用追溯体系[31], 推广低残留替代品及绿色防控技术; 对江苏省沿海海产品养殖区加强重金属污染监测, 实施土壤钝化技术以降低镉吸收。生产企业需严格把控原料质量, 强化包装材料入场检验制度, 优化油脂储存条件, 避免过氧化值及酸价超标; (2)规范餐饮行业卫生管理。重点监管餐具消毒流程, 推动中小型消毒单位升级自动化设备, 减少交叉污染[28]; 推广餐饮具消毒效果第三方检测认证, 建立消毒台账电子化追溯系统; 制定阴离子洗涤剂使用标准, 加强抽检频次与违规处罚力度; (3)优化抽检方案与信息共享。整合江苏省“你点我检”平台数据, 建立风险地图可视化系统, 实时展示省内各市不合格率热力图; 同时监管部门需统筹制定抽检计划, 结合大数据分析动态调整重点抽检类别(如食用农产品、餐饮食品); 建立跨区域抽检数据共享平台, 避免重复抽检, 提高监管效率; (4)完善社会共治机制[32]。鼓励消费者参与监督, 设计“吹哨人”等奖励制度[33], 形成多元共治格局; 加强企业信用档案建设, 对多次合格企业减少抽检频次, 集中资源排查高风险对象。食品安全监管体系的完善, 亟需政府、企业、检测机构以及公众的协同合作。通过精准施策、科技赋能及制度创新, 可进一步提升江苏省食品安全治理效能, 降低食品安全风险, 切实保障公众饮食安全与健康。
  • 国家重点研发计划重点专项(2023YFD1000400)
  • 国家自然科学青年基金项目(61402221)
  • 国家自然科学青年基金项目(61602217)
  • 质量管理工程江苏高校品牌专业建设工程三期项目
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2025年第16卷第15期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250218004
  • 接收时间:2025-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-01-09
  • 出版时间:2025-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2023YFD1000400)
国家自然科学青年基金项目(61402221)
国家自然科学青年基金项目(61602217)
质量管理工程江苏高校品牌专业建设工程三期项目
作者信息
    1 南京财经大学管理科学与工程学院, 南京 210046
    2 食品加工与质量控制江苏高校重点实验室, 南京 210046

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*李大芳(1982—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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