Article(id=1215670321420616008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743004800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767767990688, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767767990688, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767767990688, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767767990688, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215670311140381365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767767988237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767970098618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=245, endPage=250, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215670323123503536, articleId=1215670321420616008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on the application of fresh and wet vermicelli processing technology, food additives and preservatives in China, columnId=1151895321719223288, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Processing and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fresh wet vermicelli, as an emerging product in the development of the food processing industry in recent years, is becoming more and more popular among consumers because of its greater ease of consumption and freshness. This paper summarized the current status of the production and processing of fresh and wet vermicelli, the research and application of food additives (alum substitutes) and anticorrosive and preservative agents in China. The processing technology covered the core steps of raw material selection (mainly sweet potato and potato starch), thickening, mixing, molding, aging, cutting, packaging and sterilizing. Food additives used polysaccharides, phosphates, proteins, etc. as improved quality. Peservative research focused on the application of chemical (potassium sorbate, citric acid, etc.) and biological preservatives (streptococcus lactis, natamycin, etc.) as well as compounding technology. And in response to the lack of preservative limit standards, high energy consumption of traditional processes and insufficient green preservation technology in the current production of fresh and wet vermicelli, propose the future needed to focus on natural preservatives to increase efficiency, intelligent packaging and cleaner production of the proposal for the development of China’s fresh and wet vermicelli to put forward higher requirements to enhance market competitiveness, to meet consumer demand for high-quality food.

, correspAuthors=Mei LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Sheng-Hai HU, Mei LI, Jia-Chun TIAN, Xia GE, Feng ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1215670323631014381, articleId=1215670321420616008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=我国鲜湿粉条加工工艺、食品添加剂和防腐保鲜剂的应用研究进展, columnId=1151895322281734685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品加工与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鲜湿粉条作为近年来食品加工业发展的新兴产品, 因其更具食用方便性和新鲜性, 越来越受消费者的青睐。本文综述了我国鲜湿粉条的生产加工工艺、食品添加剂(明矾替代物)和防腐保鲜剂的研究与应用现状, 加工工艺涵盖原料筛选(以红薯、马铃薯淀粉为主)、打芡、和面、成型、老化、切分、包装及杀菌等核心步骤; 食品添加剂以多糖类、磷酸盐类、蛋白质等作为品质改良剂; 防腐保鲜剂研究聚焦于化学(山梨酸钾、柠檬酸等)和生物防腐剂(乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素等)的应用以及复配技术。并针对当前鲜湿粉条生产中存在的防腐剂限量标准缺失、传统工艺高耗能及绿色保鲜技术不足的问题, 提出未来需聚焦天然保鲜剂增效、智能包装及清洁化生产的建议, 为我国鲜湿粉条的发展提出更高要求, 提升市场竞争力, 满足消费者对高品质食品的需求。

, correspAuthors=李梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李梅(1978—), 女, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品贮藏与加工。E-mail:
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胡生海(1972—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品加工。E-mail:

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我国鲜湿粉条加工工艺、食品添加剂和防腐保鲜剂的应用研究进展
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胡生海 1, 2 , 李梅 1, 2, * , 田甲春 1, 2 , 葛霞 1, 2 , 张凤 1, 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025,16(14): 245-250
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025, 16(14): 245-250
我国鲜湿粉条加工工艺、食品添加剂和防腐保鲜剂的应用研究进展
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胡生海1, 2 , 李梅1, 2, * , 田甲春1, 2, 葛霞1, 2, 张凤1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所, 兰州 730070
  • 2 甘肃省果蔬贮藏加工技术创新中心, 兰州 730070
  • 胡生海(1972—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李梅(1978—), 女, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品贮藏与加工。E-mail:
Research progress on the application of fresh and wet vermicelli processing technology, food additives and preservatives in China
Sheng-Hai HU1, 2 , Mei LI1, 2, * , Jia-Chun TIAN1, 2, Xia GE1, 2, Feng ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Agricultural Product Storage and Processing Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • 2 Gansu Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Lanzhou 730070, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327002
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鲜湿粉条作为近年来食品加工业发展的新兴产品, 因其更具食用方便性和新鲜性, 越来越受消费者的青睐。本文综述了我国鲜湿粉条的生产加工工艺、食品添加剂(明矾替代物)和防腐保鲜剂的研究与应用现状, 加工工艺涵盖原料筛选(以红薯、马铃薯淀粉为主)、打芡、和面、成型、老化、切分、包装及杀菌等核心步骤; 食品添加剂以多糖类、磷酸盐类、蛋白质等作为品质改良剂; 防腐保鲜剂研究聚焦于化学(山梨酸钾、柠檬酸等)和生物防腐剂(乳酸链球菌素、纳他霉素等)的应用以及复配技术。并针对当前鲜湿粉条生产中存在的防腐剂限量标准缺失、传统工艺高耗能及绿色保鲜技术不足的问题, 提出未来需聚焦天然保鲜剂增效、智能包装及清洁化生产的建议, 为我国鲜湿粉条的发展提出更高要求, 提升市场竞争力, 满足消费者对高品质食品的需求。

鲜湿粉条  /  加工工艺  /  食品添加剂  /  防腐保鲜剂

Fresh wet vermicelli, as an emerging product in the development of the food processing industry in recent years, is becoming more and more popular among consumers because of its greater ease of consumption and freshness. This paper summarized the current status of the production and processing of fresh and wet vermicelli, the research and application of food additives (alum substitutes) and anticorrosive and preservative agents in China. The processing technology covered the core steps of raw material selection (mainly sweet potato and potato starch), thickening, mixing, molding, aging, cutting, packaging and sterilizing. Food additives used polysaccharides, phosphates, proteins, etc. as improved quality. Peservative research focused on the application of chemical (potassium sorbate, citric acid, etc.) and biological preservatives (streptococcus lactis, natamycin, etc.) as well as compounding technology. And in response to the lack of preservative limit standards, high energy consumption of traditional processes and insufficient green preservation technology in the current production of fresh and wet vermicelli, propose the future needed to focus on natural preservatives to increase efficiency, intelligent packaging and cleaner production of the proposal for the development of China’s fresh and wet vermicelli to put forward higher requirements to enhance market competitiveness, to meet consumer demand for high-quality food.

fresh and wet vermicelli  /  processing technology  /  food additives  /  preservatives
胡生海, 李梅, 田甲春, 葛霞, 张凤. 我国鲜湿粉条加工工艺、食品添加剂和防腐保鲜剂的应用研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (14) : 245 -250 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327002
Sheng-Hai HU, Mei LI, Jia-Chun TIAN, Xia GE, Feng ZHANG. Research progress on the application of fresh and wet vermicelli processing technology, food additives and preservatives in China[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (14) : 245 -250 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327002
鲜湿粉条是以薯类淀粉、谷物类淀粉和豆类淀粉等为主要原料, 通过利用淀粉的糊化和回生特性, 经挤压或涂布铺浆而成的淀粉制品[1]。与干粉条相比(水分含量<15%), 鲜湿粉条含水量较高(>60%), 不需要干燥, 包装体积小, 便于携带, 并且无需浸泡, 食用方便, 受到了越来越多消费者的喜爱[2]
鲜湿粉条作为一种新型的产品, 其市场前景广阔。在企业生产中, 一般通过添加明矾保持鲜湿粉条的良好口感和食用品质[3]。但明矾中含有Al3+, 过量或长期食用会对人体造成伤害[4]。为了减少粉条中明矾[KAl(SO4)2·12H2O]的含量, 研究表明, 优化现有生产工艺或开发新型无铝替代添加剂, 可有效维持鲜湿粉条的质构特性并提升其食用安全标准[2]。随着经济的快速发展, 消费者对食品品质的要求也越来越高。尽管鲜湿粉条在生产技术上有所改善, 但在后期贮藏过程中, 由于粉条中含有较高的水分含量, 容易受到腐败微生物的生长, 影响了鲜湿粉条的品质, 并且降低了其货架期。本文通过综述我国鲜湿粉条的生产加工工艺、食品添加剂(明矾替代物)和食品保鲜剂的应用, 对传统鲜湿粉条产业进行全面深入了解, 旨在为我国鲜湿粉条的发展提出更高的要求, 提升市场竞争力, 满足消费者对高品质食品的需求。
鲜湿粉条在生产过程中, 每一道工艺都会对其品质产生影响, 如加工过程中适宜的温度、时间和冷却方式, 均会影响粉条品质的关键工艺, 因而粉条加工工艺的改进与优化是生产高品质粉条的保障[1]。曾洁等[5]通过调整马铃薯粉条在老化过程中的工艺参数, 发现在沸水定型时间60 s、室温老化时间90 min、低温老化温度-2 ℃时, 制得的粉条感官品质最佳, 粉条硬度适中, 断条率低, 弹性好。高雪丽等[6]发现湿热处理可提高红薯粉条的品质, 当红薯淀粉水分含量为25%~30%时, 湿热处理所制的粉条各质构指标较好。刘婷婷等[7]利用二次挤压技术生产马铃薯粉条, 当两次挤出温度均为90 ℃, 添加水分含量为32%时, 粉条的断条率和糊汤率低, 韧性和力学性能最佳。岳晓霞等[8]通过研究粉条加工过程中各工艺参数对马铃薯粉丝品质的影响, 发现当加水温度为75 ℃, 加水量90%, 蒸粉时间6 min, 老化时间120 min, 冷冻温度-6 ℃, 冷冻时间40 min时, 粉条的品质较好。倪小宇[9]利用响应面试验对粉条加工过程中老化时间、老化温度、熟化时间、浸泡时间、芡用量等工艺参数进行优化, 发现当老化时间90 min, 老化温度4 ℃, 熟化时间30 s, 芡用量10%, 浸泡时间90 min时, 制得的粉条断条率低, 品质较优。此外, 李刚凤等[10]研究不同老化环境对杂交籼米米粉条品质的影响, 发现温度4 ℃、湿度70%~90%时, 米粉条的质构特性较好, 断条率最小, 综合品质较好。
鲜湿粉条作为一种淀粉产品, 主要依靠淀粉的糊化和回生特性。因此除了加工工艺条件影响粉条品质外, 不同的淀粉含量也会对其品质产生影响。直链淀粉含量多的粉条易发生老化, 而支链淀粉多的粉条不好成型, 由于直链和支链淀粉比例的不同, 粉条的品质就会出现差异。邢丽君等[11]发现紫薯全粉的添加可明显改变甘薯淀粉的物化特性和粉条的品质, 当添加量为12% 时, 所生产的甘薯粉条品质较好。杨海龙[12]利用单因素和正交试验优化鲜湿红薯粉丝的最佳加工工艺, 得出添加芡糊量4%, 含水量40%, 98 ℃熟化7 s后冷却, 4 ℃冷藏4 h, -8 ℃贮藏10 h, 制得的鲜湿粉条具有良好感官和质构品质。赵萌等[13]发现与传统的纯红薯粉条相比, 利用天然高直链淀粉含量的绿豆淀粉复配生产粉条, 可使粉条顺滑透亮、口感细腻、不易断条, 当添加绿豆淀粉40%、加芡量6%、含水量40%, 冷藏4 h、冷冻8 h时, 粉条的烹煮特性与感官品质最佳。张倩等[14]通过单因素和正交试验优化红薯粉条加工工艺, 向纯鹰嘴豆淀粉制作的粉条中添加含支链淀粉较多的红薯淀粉, 可以改善粉条的品质。此外, 连小峰等[15]比较12种马铃薯的成分含量以及马铃薯鲜湿粉条的质构特性, 其质构特性的变化不尽相同, 表明不同马铃薯品种对鲜薯粉条的品质会产生不同程度的影响。
在鲜湿粉条的生产过程中, 食品添加剂发挥着重要作用。它可以改善鲜湿粉条的口感和质地, 使其更加爽口、筋道; 还有助于改善鲜湿粉条的生产工艺, 优化勾芡、熟化、成型等关键工艺步骤, 提高生产效率和产品质量。传统粉条的生产中, 通常添加明矾[KAl(SO4)2·12H2O]改善粉条的品质, 使鲜湿粉条表面光滑致密、口感劲道[16]。然而, 由于Al3+的存在, 会导致粉条中铝含量超标, 从而影响人体的骨骼生长, 对大脑和肾脏造成损害[16-17]。研究表明, 多糖、蛋白质、盐类等可以作为明矾替代物, 不仅能够改善鲜湿粉条的质地, 使其更加筋道、有弹性, 还能延长鲜湿粉条的保存期, 保持其新鲜度和口感; 此外, 多糖、盐类、蛋白质等食品添加剂具有安全性, 确保了消费者的健康和安全, 推动了鲜湿粉条产业可持续发展[18-20]
多糖作为一种天然的食品添加剂, 其含有羟基、羧基、氨基等亲水基团, 溶于水后可以提高体系黏性, 使淀粉分子形成分子量较大的复合体, 从而促使淀粉颗粒间形成较稳定的三维网格结构[20-21]。粉条中用到的多糖物质一般为生物胶, 如沙蒿胶、卡拉胶、魔芋胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶等; 此外, 还可利用羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻糖、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖等[21]
沙蒿胶是从沙蒿中获得的生物多糖, 由甘露糖、半乳溏、阿拉伯糖和木糖等组成, 具有较强的吸水性和保水性[22]。卡拉胶是从红海藻中提取的阴离子硫酸盐生物多糖, 具有生物降解性、高保水性和凝胶特性[23]。魔芋胶由葡萄糖和甘露聚糖聚合而成的高分子多糖, 结构高度紧密, 具备良好的持水性和和乳化性[24]。黄原胶是玉米淀粉经发酵过程生产而成的生物多糖, 具有独特的流变性和良好的水溶性[25]。瓜尔豆胶是豆科植物中提取的多糖, 由甘露糖和半乳糖构成的半乳甘露聚糖, 具有较好的生物相容性[26]。姜霞等[19]利用沙蒿籽胶作为食品添加剂制备粉条, 提高了粉条的耐煮性, 降低了断条率和糊汤性, 同时提高了粉条的附加值。黄小平等[27]分析沙蒿胶对甘薯粉丝产品的食用品质, 表明沙蒿胶作为一种性能优良的添加剂, 能够促进甘薯淀粉的回生, 提高甘薯粉丝的加工性能和成品品质。杨海龙[12]比较3种生物胶对鲜湿红薯粉丝品质的影响, 添加0.2%魔芋胶, 0.28%黄原胶, 0.36%可得然胶, 在此条件下制得的红薯粉丝风味纯正、口感柔和、黏弹性适中, 感官品质较好, 粉丝的拉伸形变、剪切应力、断条率等与添加明矾的粉丝接近。
羧甲基纤维素钠是由纤维素、烧碱及氯乙酸反应制得的一种高聚合纤维素醚, 其结构式和天然纤维素的分子结构式相似, 可与其他稳定剂复配使用, 具有协同增效作用[28]。海藻糖是一种非还原性天然双糖, 具有良好的稳定性, 能够对大分子物质起到保护作用[29]。海藻酸钠是从褐藻中提取的天然多糖, 由β-D-甘露糖醛酸和α-L-古洛糖醛酸形成的二元共聚物, 具有高稳定性、增稠性和固化性[30]。谭洪卓等[31]在生产甘薯粉丝的过程中, 添加羧甲基纤维素钠可以改善粉条的韧性、黏弹性和咀嚼性, 提升甘薯粉丝的食用品质。孙震曦等[2]利用海藻酸钠作为明矾替代物生产薯类鲜湿粉条, 当添加1%海藻酸钠时, 薯类鲜湿粉条的拉伸强度、剪切形变以及整体可接受性均与添加0.3%明矾制得的粉条接近; 同时添加海藻酸钠与壳聚糖复合物可明显提高粉条的质构品质。张卓琼等[32]通过响应面试验优化了海藻酸钠马铃薯粉条的配方和工艺, 当添加1.5%海藻酸钠、1.5% CaCl2、漂煮90 s时, 粉条的品质均优于传统明矾粉条。赵俊等[33]表明壳聚糖能够改善米粉条的品质和货架期, 当壳聚糖浓度为5 g/L时, 米粉条的结晶度最小, 硬度、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性减小。
在粉条的生产中, 生物胶不仅可以单一或复合用作明矾代替物, 还可以复合海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠等多糖物质。贾海军[34]研究了黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶和羧甲基纤维素钠对鲜湿红薯粉条感官品质和质构特性的影响, 通过响应面分析确定了最佳添加量: 0.3%黄原胶、0.25%瓜尔豆、0.33%羧甲基纤维素钠, 在此条件下生产的鲜湿红薯粉条感官品质与质构特性均与添加明矾的鲜湿粉条水平接近。张灿等[16]表明向传统鲜湿马铃薯粉条中添加琼脂、卡拉胶和海藻酸钠, 能够降低粉条的断条率, 提高浑汤透光率。焦婷婷等[20]研究了罗望子胶、沙蒿胶、可得然胶和海藻糖对鲜湿薯类粉条品质的影响, 发现复合多糖改善了鲜湿薯类粉条的质构特性和感官特性。石彬等[35]发现阿拉伯胶、果胶、黄原胶及海藻酸钠的添加能够有效提升红薯粉条的拉伸性能, 当4种多糖复配形成复合胶体时, 可以进一步提升红薯粉条的品质。
盐离子会与淀粉争夺水分, 影响体系中水分子与淀粉分子间的相互作用, 同时降低体系的水分活度, 从而促进淀粉的回生老化[21]。盐类物质不仅增强了粉条的物理性质, 使其更加耐煮和劲道, 还改善了粉条的口感和风味, 使得烹饪后的粉条更加美味。在粉条生产中, 常用的盐类物质有钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、铁盐、磷酸盐等[21,36]
钠盐主要是食盐, 其依靠NaCl在淀粉体系中与其争夺水分, 使得淀粉分子出现脱水现象, 分子之间相互聚集, 进而缩小了淀粉分子间的距离, 促进淀粉的回生[21]。刘兰霞等[37]发现可以利用NaCl替代明矾生产马铃薯粉条, 当添加0.8%~1.0%的NaCl时, 马铃薯粉条口感筋道、断条率低且蒸煮损失低。张龙[38]发现用食盐替代明矾生产马铃薯粉皮时, 当最佳添加量为2%~3%时, 马铃薯粉皮的综合品质较好。
钾盐、钙盐和铁盐能够增强马铃薯淀粉糊的凝胶性, 增加马铃薯粉条的韧性, 降低粉条的断条率[1]。陈明珠[39]发现添加钙盐和铁盐提高了马铃薯粉条的硬度、咀嚼性和胶黏性, 同时提高了粉条的剪切应力和拉伸性变, 但降低了粉条的硬度。张宏远[40]表明钾/钙化合物复配能显著提高马铃薯湿粉条的拉伸强度, 其中0.3%硅酸钙-0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.5%硅酸钙-0.3%磷酸二氢钾、0.4%硅酸钙-0.5%海藻酸钾、0.5%硅酸钙-0.5%海藻酸钾制备的马铃薯湿粉条的拉伸强度与明矾粉条相当, 特别是添加0.4%硅酸钙-0.5%海藻酸钾或0.5%硅酸钙-0.5% 海藻酸钾时, 制得的粉条拉伸强度与拉伸形变均高于硅酸钙与磷酸二氢钾复配制备的粉条。
磷酸盐中的磷酸根离子可以促进淀粉分子的交联, 使淀粉形成稳定结构, 从而提高粉条的韧性和耐煮性[1]。杨志华等[41]通过单因素试验发现用0.3% 焦磷酸钠替代明矾, 制得的粉条各项指标均接近添加明矾粉条, 且断条率较添加明矾粉条低。苏晶等[42]发现添加复合磷酸盐可明显改善红薯粉丝的断条现象, 生产的红薯粉丝口感更为爽滑。李颖[43]通过正交试验优化红薯粉丝最佳生产工艺, 在含水量40%, 加芡量为30%, 复合磷酸盐0.5%, 加水温度50 ℃时, 制得的红薯粉丝感官品质和质构特性与添加明矾的粉条品质接近。
蛋白质作为一种重要的食品添加剂, 在粉条生产中可以提高粉条的质量和口感。蛋白质可以改善粉条的弹性和韧性, 使得粉条在烹饪过程中不易断裂, 保持其完整的形态; 同时具有一定的保水性, 能够与粉条中的水分结合, 形成保护层, 有效延缓粉条的变质速度, 从而延长其保质期[3]
作为生物大分子, 蛋白质可以与淀粉分子通过氢键、静电力、范德华力等形成不同的凝胶, 且蛋白质的种类、浓度对淀粉以及淀粉-蛋白体系的糊化、凝胶化、流变学特性和微观结构具有重要作用[40]。在粉条生产中, 蛋白质与淀粉颗粒发生渗透、物理吸附和聚集, 分子之间以共价和非共价形式结合, 从而可以赋予粉条不同的质构特性和力学性能[18,40]。蛋白质可以通过不同的形式添加到粉条中, 如通过添加蛋白质含量较高的原料或者直接添加蛋白质粉末; 还可以与多糖物质复配添加到粉条中, 使粉条爽滑可口。郭昊等[18]表明粉条生产中添加5%乳清蛋白可以提高淀粉的黏度, 增强粉条中淀粉颗粒的堆积密度, 改善甘薯鲜湿粉条的拉伸强度、煮断时间和感官评分。FENG等[44]发现红薯鲜湿粉条中添加谷蛋白和蛋清蛋白可以改善鲜湿粉条的流变特性、质构特性及蒸煮特性, 同时, FENG等[45]还发现多糖与蛋清蛋白复合物对红薯鲜湿粉条面团流变特性、结构形成及体外淀粉消化率也会产生影响。
由于鲜湿粉条具有较高的水分含量(60%~80%)和丰富的碳水化合物, 在贮存时极易发生腐败变质, 降低粉条的食用品质。生产中通过添加防腐保鲜剂以保证鲜湿粉条能够长时间保存, 并维持其食用品质。目前食品行业的保鲜范围有限, 所有的保鲜技术主要是通过抑制细菌或霉菌的生长, 从而达到保鲜效果[46]
在鲜湿类产品中, 常用到的保鲜剂有双乙酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、山梨酸钾、乳酸链球菌、纳他霉素、有机酸、过氧化氢等[46-47]。刘壮[47]通过评价山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠、双乙酸钠以及丙酸钙对鲜湿米粉的保鲜效果, 其中双乙酸钠的保鲜效果最优, 添加量为0.2 g/kg时, 鲜湿粉条的感官品质有所改善, 并且显著降低了霉菌总数。张灿[46]在筛选鲜湿粉条的保鲜剂时发现, 丙酸钙、柠檬酸、脱氢乙酸钠、茶多酚、乳酸链球菌、双乙酸钠对鲜湿粉条的品质变化均有不同程度的影响, 柠檬酸、乳酸链球菌、丙酸钙在前期能够显著抑制粉条中细菌的繁殖, 双乙酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、茶多酚在前期对霉菌的生长有显著的抑制作用, 利用正交试验分析双乙酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠和柠檬酸3种防腐剂复配保鲜剂, 优化得到最佳保鲜剂含量为: 双乙酸钠添加量0.015%、脱氢乙酸钠添加量0.080%、柠檬酸添加量0.120%, 保鲜组的粉条中菌落总数和霉菌总数含量均低于对照组。刘瑾瑾等[48]表明以200 mL质量浓度15 g/L的壳聚糖溶液为基础, 添加乳酸链球菌0.03 g、肉桂提取液3.28 mL、丁香提取液3.2 mL时, 复合保鲜剂对鲜湿粉条的保质期可延长至21 d。此外, 金璐等[49]发现过氧化氢可以抑制鲜湿粉条中腐败细菌阿氏芽孢杆菌的活性, 延长鲜湿粉条的货架期。
鲜湿粉条作为一种传统食品, 在中国有着悠久的历史和广泛的消费基础。随着科技的进步和消费者对健康饮食的日益关注, 鲜湿粉条产业正面临着技术创新和品质提升的重大机遇。近年来, 我国鲜湿粉条的研究和应用取得了显著进展, 特别是在加工技术和产品质量方面。研究人员针对鲜湿粉条加工中粉条易断条、不耐煮、明矾超标、营养成分单一等问题进行了深入研究, 提高了鲜湿粉条产品的质量和安全性, 同时也实现了鲜湿粉条自动化生产, 提高了其生产效率和成品率[50]。此外, 针对鲜湿粉条的质量标准问题, T/CS 002—2023《薯类鲜湿粉条》团体标准的制定旨在引导、规范薯类鲜湿粉条生产、销售和消费市场, 保障薯类鲜湿粉条产业化健康快速发展, 加强薯类鲜湿粉条生产规范指导, 增强薯类鲜湿粉条市场竞争力。
未来, 随着科技的不断进步和消费者对食品质量和安全要求的提高, 鲜湿粉条产业将迎来更多的发展机遇。如通过原料创新和工艺改进, 开发具有特殊风味和功能性的鲜湿粉条, 以满足消费者对健康和美味的双重需求。同时, 与现代餐饮趋势相结合, 如与素食、低碳水化合物饮食理念相融合, 开发更多适合特定饮食需求的鲜湿粉条产品。
我国鲜湿粉条的发展前景广阔, 创业机遇无限。随着标准化和规范化的推进, 鲜湿粉条的生产将更加科学、规范, 满足市场需求, 促进产业发展。生产企业通过技术创新和标准制定, 进一步提升产品品质和市场竞争力, 从而满足消费者对健康食品的需求, 推动鲜湿粉条产业的健康发展。
  • 甘肃省农业科学院院列重点研发项目(2024GAAS14)
  • 甘肃省农业农村厅现代寒旱特色农业发展资金项目(HHNY-MLS-2024-1)
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2025年第16卷第14期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250327002
  • 接收时间:2025-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-01-07
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27
基金
甘肃省农业科学院院列重点研发项目(2024GAAS14)
甘肃省农业农村厅现代寒旱特色农业发展资金项目(HHNY-MLS-2024-1)
作者信息
    1 甘肃省农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所, 兰州 730070
    2 甘肃省果蔬贮藏加工技术创新中心, 兰州 730070

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*李梅(1978—), 女, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品贮藏与加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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