Article(id=1215670315791860701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250224001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767767989346, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767767989346, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767767989346, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767767989346, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215670311140381365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767767988237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767970098618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215670316098044911, articleId=1215670315791860701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on pork quality evaluation methods based on non-destructive artificial intelligence technologies, columnId=1215670315447931654, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Non-destructive Detection Technology in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pork quality is an economically critical trait in swine production, necessitating rapid and accurate evaluation methods to optimize processing efficiency and ensure trade compliance. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms and sensor technologies have driven the development of non-destructive detection methods based on artificial intelligence, which are now widely applied in the meat industry. Integrating digital image processing with artificial intelligence learning algorithms and multi-sensor data fusion to achieve automated, real-time monitoring of pork quality throughout processing chains represents a pivotal research direction for ensuring meat safety and quality. This article summarized the current key technologies for non-destructive testing of pork quality, including near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, electronic nose/tongue technology and computer vision systems, elaborated the principles, characteristics and application status of different technologies, and discussed and forecasted the shortcomings and future development directions of different technologies, aiming to provide reference for the application of non-destructive testing technology in pork quality evaluation.

, correspAuthors=Shan-Cang ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lei WANG, Qing-Kai SHENG, Hong-Shuai SUN, Zhen CHEN, Yan-Jie DONG, Da CAI, Shan-Cang ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1215670316660081664, articleId=1215670315791860701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于人工智能的无损检测技术在猪肉品质评价中的应用研究进展, columnId=1215670315653452572, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:食品无损检测技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

猪肉品质是猪的重要经济性状, 快速准确开展猪肉品质评价, 对于猪肉加工和贸易至关重要。近年来, 随着人工智能算法与传感器技术的协同突破, 基于人工智能的猪肉品质无损检测技术已成为近年来的研究热点, 并在肉类行业得到了广泛应用。开展数字图像处理技术与人工智能学习算法相结合, 多传感器数据相融合技术研究, 实现猪肉产品加工全程质量的自动化、实时检测, 是未来肉品质量安全无损检测的重要研究方向。本文综述了当前主要的猪肉品质无损检测关键技术, 包括近红外光谱、高光谱成像、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱、太赫兹光谱、电子鼻/电子舌技术和计算机视觉系统, 阐述了不同技术的原理、特点和应用现状, 并对不同技术存在的不足和未来的发展方向进行了讨论和展望, 旨在为无损检测技术在猪肉品质评价中的应用提供参考。

, correspAuthors=赵善仓, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*赵善仓(1972—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全及营养。E-mail:
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王磊(1977—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品风险预警与控制。E-mail:

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Food Research International, 2015, 71(5): 100-107., articleTitle=Fresh meat color evaluation using a structured light imaging system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215670340978655555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=200, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=92, authorNames=王笑丹, 孙永海, 胡铁军, journalName=食品科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王笑丹, 孙永海, 胡铁军, 等. 基于计算机图像分析的肌内脂肪含量测定[J]. 食品科学, 2005(7): 200-204., articleTitle=基于计算机图像分析的肌内脂肪含量测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215670341058347334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=200, pageEnd=204, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=93, authorNames=WANG XD, SUN YH, HU TJ, journalName=Food Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG XD, SUN YH, HU TJ, et al. Mensurating intramuscular fat content based on computer image analysis[J]. Food Science, 2005(7): 200-204., articleTitle=Mensurating intramuscular fat content based on computer image analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215670341138039114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=62, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=94, authorNames=SUN X, YOUNG JM, LIU JH, journalName=Meat Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN X, YOUNG JM, LIU JH, et al. Prediction of pork color attributes using computer vision system[J]. Meat Science, 2016, 113: 62-64., articleTitle=Prediction of pork color attributes using computer vision system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215670341230313806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018B, volume=140, issue=null, pageStart=72, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=95, authorNames=SUN X, YOUNG JM, LIU JH, journalName=Meat Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN X, YOUNG JM, LIU JH, et al. Prediction of pork loin quality using online computer vision system and artificial intelligence model[J]. Meat Science, 2018B, 140: 72-77., articleTitle=Prediction of pork loin quality using online computer vision system and artificial intelligence model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215670341322588497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=143, issue=null, pageStart=18, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=96, authorNames=LIU JHU, SUN X, YOUNG JM, journalName=Meat Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU JHU, SUN X, YOUNG JM, et al. Predicting pork loin intramuscular fat using computer vision system[J]. Meat Science, 2018, 143: 18-23., articleTitle=Predicting pork loin intramuscular fat using computer vision system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215670341410668886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=65, issue=null, pageStart=532, pageEnd=536, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=97, authorNames=CHMIEL M, SLOWINSKI M, DASIEWICZ K, journalName=LWT-Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHMIEL M, SLOWINSKI M, DASIEWICZ K, et al. Use of computer vision system (CVS) for detection of PSE pork meat obtained from m. semimembranosus[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2016, 65: 532-536., articleTitle=Use of computer vision system (CVS) for detection of PSE pork meat obtained from m. semimembranosus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215670324826391169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, awardId=2024GH03, language=CN, fundingSource=枣庄市自主创新及成果转化计划项目(2024GH03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1215670324964803213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, awardId=2023TZXD036, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省重点研发计划项目(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2023TZXD036), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215670317964509198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670317968703503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670317964509198, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670317981286418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670317964509198, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 山东省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215670318119698458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670318123892763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670318119698458, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670318165835805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670318119698458, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215670318270693410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670318274887715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670318270693410, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Weifang Hairuihuachen Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670318283276324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670318270693410, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 潍坊海润华辰检测技术有限公司, 潍坊 261071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215670318400716842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670318413299756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670318400716842, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Shandong Futeng Food Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang 277100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215670318421688367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, companyId=1215670318400716842, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 山东福藤食品有限公司, 枣庄 277100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215670323140280754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Research progress on meat quality detection based on NIRS technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学
模型
性能 参考文献
TVB-N PLSR 训练集: 0.9471; 测试集: 0.9275 [10]
TVB-N MSIF 相关系数: 0.8618 [11]
pH PLSR; CARS-PLSR 训练集: 0.9988; 测试集: 0.9630 [10]
pH MSIF 相关系数: 0.9379 [11]
含水率 PLSR; CARS-PLSR 训练集: 0.9971; 测试集: 0.9459 [10]
猪肉
品质
PCSSA-SVM 训练集: PSE 96.15%、REN 97.06%、DFD 96.15%
测试集: PSE 100.00%、REN 94.11%、DFD 92.31%
[12]
猪肉
品质
PSO引入SVM 训练集: PSE 88.46%、REN 94.11%、DFD 92.31%
测试集: PSE 84.62%、REN 94.11%、DFD 84.62%
[13]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670323312247234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于NIRS技术检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学
模型
性能 参考文献
TVB-N PLSR 训练集: 0.9471; 测试集: 0.9275 [10]
TVB-N MSIF 相关系数: 0.8618 [11]
pH PLSR; CARS-PLSR 训练集: 0.9988; 测试集: 0.9630 [10]
pH MSIF 相关系数: 0.9379 [11]
含水率 PLSR; CARS-PLSR 训练集: 0.9971; 测试集: 0.9459 [10]
猪肉
品质
PCSSA-SVM 训练集: PSE 96.15%、REN 97.06%、DFD 96.15%
测试集: PSE 100.00%、REN 94.11%、DFD 92.31%
[12]
猪肉
品质
PSO引入SVM 训练集: PSE 88.46%、REN 94.11%、DFD 92.31%
测试集: PSE 84.62%、REN 94.11%、DFD 84.62%
[13]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670323429687762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Research progress on meat quality detection based on HSI technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学
模型
性能 参考
文献
蛋白质 BP-NN、PLSR R2v=0.8318,
RMSECV=8.38 mg/g
[16]
大肠杆菌 VCPA-GA+
PLSR
R2P=0.9977, RMSEP=0.1532, RPD=13.5910 [17]
金黄色葡萄
球菌
VCPA-GA+
PLSR
R2P=0.9960, RMSEP=0.1225, RPD=16.8032 [17]
TVC与PPC NIR_HSI TVC: R2=0.86, PPC: R2=0.89 [18]
猪肉新鲜度 HFA-Net R2=0.9373,
RMSE=0.4897 mg/100 g
[20]
肉类掺假水平 GPR ARE=2.8%, r=0.9831, RMSEP=0.0319 [21]
肉品分类 3D-CNN 分类精度: NIR=96.9%,
VIS=97.1%
[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670323547128287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于HSI技术检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学
模型
性能 参考
文献
蛋白质 BP-NN、PLSR R2v=0.8318,
RMSECV=8.38 mg/g
[16]
大肠杆菌 VCPA-GA+
PLSR
R2P=0.9977, RMSEP=0.1532, RPD=13.5910 [17]
金黄色葡萄
球菌
VCPA-GA+
PLSR
R2P=0.9960, RMSEP=0.1225, RPD=16.8032 [17]
TVC与PPC NIR_HSI TVC: R2=0.86, PPC: R2=0.89 [18]
猪肉新鲜度 HFA-Net R2=0.9373,
RMSE=0.4897 mg/100 g
[20]
肉类掺假水平 GPR ARE=2.8%, r=0.9831, RMSEP=0.0319 [21]
肉品分类 3D-CNN 分类精度: NIR=96.9%,
VIS=97.1%
[22]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670323639402991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Research progress on meat quality detection based on RS technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考文献
瘦肉精 - 检测范围: 肌肉0.01~5 mg/kg、肝脏0.02~5 mg/kg;
LOD: 肌肉0.01 mg/kg、肝脏0.02 mg/kg;
R: 肌肉0.912、肝脏0.921
[27]
恩诺沙星 - LOD: 0.43 nmol/L; 5.87 nmol/L [28]
氧氟沙星、氯霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶 - R: 0.978、0.986和0.984 [29]
pH PLSR R2=0.78; RMSECV=0.2 [34]
pH45 min、pH24 hrLb、滴水损失、宰后72 h剪切力) PLSR pH 45: R2cv=0.65, RMSECV=0.17 pH
pH 24: R2cv=0.68, RMSECV=0.09 pH
L: R2cv=0.64, RMSECV=1.9
b: R2cv=0.73, RMSECV=0.6 pH
滴水损失: R²cv=0.73, RMSECV=1.0%
宰后72 h剪切力: R²cv=0.7, RMSECV=4 N
[36]
碘值 PLSR 预测集Rp=0.9463, RMSEP=2.5391×10-2 [37]
酸价和过氧化值 CARS-PLSR 酸价: R2cv=0.88(建模集)、0.76(验证集); RMSECV=0.31(建模集)、0.17(验证集), 范围误差比2.59;
过氧化值: R2cv=0.84(建模集)、0.75(验证集), RMSECV=2.33(建模集)、1.87(验证集), 范围误差比1.90
[38]
TVB-N、pH RC-PLSR TVB-N模型R=0.933;
pH模型R=0.880
[39]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670323731677690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基于RS技术检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考文献
瘦肉精 - 检测范围: 肌肉0.01~5 mg/kg、肝脏0.02~5 mg/kg;
LOD: 肌肉0.01 mg/kg、肝脏0.02 mg/kg;
R: 肌肉0.912、肝脏0.921
[27]
恩诺沙星 - LOD: 0.43 nmol/L; 5.87 nmol/L [28]
氧氟沙星、氯霉素、磺胺二甲嘧啶 - R: 0.978、0.986和0.984 [29]
pH PLSR R2=0.78; RMSECV=0.2 [34]
pH45 min、pH24 hrLb、滴水损失、宰后72 h剪切力) PLSR pH 45: R2cv=0.65, RMSECV=0.17 pH
pH 24: R2cv=0.68, RMSECV=0.09 pH
L: R2cv=0.64, RMSECV=1.9
b: R2cv=0.73, RMSECV=0.6 pH
滴水损失: R²cv=0.73, RMSECV=1.0%
宰后72 h剪切力: R²cv=0.7, RMSECV=4 N
[36]
碘值 PLSR 预测集Rp=0.9463, RMSEP=2.5391×10-2 [37]
酸价和过氧化值 CARS-PLSR 酸价: R2cv=0.88(建模集)、0.76(验证集); RMSECV=0.31(建模集)、0.17(验证集), 范围误差比2.59;
过氧化值: R2cv=0.84(建模集)、0.75(验证集), RMSECV=2.33(建模集)、1.87(验证集), 范围误差比1.90
[38]
TVB-N、pH RC-PLSR TVB-N模型R=0.933;
pH模型R=0.880
[39]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670323861701132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recent studies on meat quality detection using fluorescence spectroscopy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考
文献
TVB-N、TBA、TVC PLS TVB-N和TBA的Rc2Rp2均大于0.900
TVC值的Rc2: 0.912,
Rp2: 0.871
[42]
TVB-N LS-SVM 预测数据集Rp2: 0.967,
SEP: 1.902%
[43]
腐胺、尸胺 - 腐胺LOD: 2.69 µg/kg, 尸胺LOD为: 6.11 µg/kg [44]
氨浓度 - 线性范围: 0~1.00 mmol/L, R2=0.9957
LOD: 0.652 μmol/L
[45]
氨浓度 - LOD: 49.6 ppb, 线性范围: 0~5.42 µg/kg
线性范围: 5.42~0.47 µg/kg
[46]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324004307487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基于荧光光谱技术检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考
文献
TVB-N、TBA、TVC PLS TVB-N和TBA的Rc2Rp2均大于0.900
TVC值的Rc2: 0.912,
Rp2: 0.871
[42]
TVB-N LS-SVM 预测数据集Rp2: 0.967,
SEP: 1.902%
[43]
腐胺、尸胺 - 腐胺LOD: 2.69 µg/kg, 尸胺LOD为: 6.11 µg/kg [44]
氨浓度 - 线性范围: 0~1.00 mmol/L, R2=0.9957
LOD: 0.652 μmol/L
[45]
氨浓度 - LOD: 49.6 ppb, 线性范围: 0~5.42 µg/kg
线性范围: 5.42~0.47 µg/kg
[46]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324104970800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Research progress on meat quality detection based on THz technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考文献
品质 - 快速无损 [49]
猪新鲜度 BP-NN 猪肉新鲜度 [50]
内源性异物 - 异物 [51]
腐败 THz-TDS 非侵入性和非
破坏性
[52]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324193051193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基于THz技术检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考文献
品质 - 快速无损 [49]
猪新鲜度 BP-NN 猪肉新鲜度 [50]
内源性异物 - 异物 [51]
腐败 THz-TDS 非侵入性和非
破坏性
[52]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324314686026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Research progress on meat quality detection based on EN/ET

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考文献
TVB-N 相关性模型 训练组R: 0.994、0.985 (P<0.01)
预测组R: 0.984、0.979 (P<0.01)
[54]
挥发性气味成分、TVC PCA
PLS
4 ℃时R=0.9003, 20 ℃时R=0.9940 [55]
风味物质 LDA 挥发性成分差异 [56]
川味香肠品质 PCA 发酵时间 [62]
掺假比例 LDA 有效鉴定 [63]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324465680985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

基于EN/ET检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学模型 性能 参考文献
TVB-N 相关性模型 训练组R: 0.994、0.985 (P<0.01)
预测组R: 0.984、0.979 (P<0.01)
[54]
挥发性气味成分、TVC PCA
PLS
4 ℃时R=0.9003, 20 ℃时R=0.9940 [55]
风味物质 LDA 挥发性成分差异 [56]
川味香肠品质 PCA 发酵时间 [62]
掺假比例 LDA 有效鉴定 [63]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324587315817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Research progress on detecting meat quality based on computer vision technology

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学
模型
性能 参考
文献
肌内脂肪 非线性回归 正确率: 85% [69]
肌内脂肪 逐步回归模型
SVM
准确率: 92.5%
准确率: 75.0%
[70-71]
肌内脂肪 逐步回归模型
SVM
准确率: 63%
准确率: 75%
[72]
), ArticleFig(id=1215670324708950645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315791860701, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

基于计算机视觉技术检测肉类品质的研究进展

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 化学计量学
模型
性能 参考
文献
肌内脂肪 非线性回归 正确率: 85% [69]
肌内脂肪 逐步回归模型
SVM
准确率: 92.5%
准确率: 75.0%
[70-71]
肌内脂肪 逐步回归模型
SVM
准确率: 63%
准确率: 75%
[72]
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基于人工智能的无损检测技术在猪肉品质评价中的应用研究进展
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王磊 1 , 盛清凯 2 , 孙洪帅 3 , 陈振 4 , 董燕婕 1 , 蔡达 1 , 赵善仓 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品无损检测技术 2025,16(14): 79-88
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食品无损检测技术 2025, 16(14): 79-88
基于人工智能的无损检测技术在猪肉品质评价中的应用研究进展
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王磊1 , 盛清凯2, 孙洪帅3, 陈振4, 董燕婕1, 蔡达1, 赵善仓1, *
作者信息
  • 1 山东省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 济南 250100
  • 2 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250100
  • 3 潍坊海润华辰检测技术有限公司, 潍坊 261071
  • 4 山东福藤食品有限公司, 枣庄 277100
  • 王磊(1977—), 男, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品风险预警与控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*赵善仓(1972—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全及营养。E-mail:
Research progress on pork quality evaluation methods based on non-destructive artificial intelligence technologies
Lei WANG1 , Qing-Kai SHENG2, Hong-Shuai SUN3, Zhen CHEN4, Yan-Jie DONG1, Da CAI1, Shan-Cang ZHAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, China
  • 2 Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, China
  • 3 Weifang Hairuihuachen Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261071, China
  • 4 Shandong Futeng Food Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang 277100, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250224001
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猪肉品质是猪的重要经济性状, 快速准确开展猪肉品质评价, 对于猪肉加工和贸易至关重要。近年来, 随着人工智能算法与传感器技术的协同突破, 基于人工智能的猪肉品质无损检测技术已成为近年来的研究热点, 并在肉类行业得到了广泛应用。开展数字图像处理技术与人工智能学习算法相结合, 多传感器数据相融合技术研究, 实现猪肉产品加工全程质量的自动化、实时检测, 是未来肉品质量安全无损检测的重要研究方向。本文综述了当前主要的猪肉品质无损检测关键技术, 包括近红外光谱、高光谱成像、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱、太赫兹光谱、电子鼻/电子舌技术和计算机视觉系统, 阐述了不同技术的原理、特点和应用现状, 并对不同技术存在的不足和未来的发展方向进行了讨论和展望, 旨在为无损检测技术在猪肉品质评价中的应用提供参考。

猪肉品质  /  人工智能  /  无损检测  /  品质评价

Pork quality is an economically critical trait in swine production, necessitating rapid and accurate evaluation methods to optimize processing efficiency and ensure trade compliance. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms and sensor technologies have driven the development of non-destructive detection methods based on artificial intelligence, which are now widely applied in the meat industry. Integrating digital image processing with artificial intelligence learning algorithms and multi-sensor data fusion to achieve automated, real-time monitoring of pork quality throughout processing chains represents a pivotal research direction for ensuring meat safety and quality. This article summarized the current key technologies for non-destructive testing of pork quality, including near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, electronic nose/tongue technology and computer vision systems, elaborated the principles, characteristics and application status of different technologies, and discussed and forecasted the shortcomings and future development directions of different technologies, aiming to provide reference for the application of non-destructive testing technology in pork quality evaluation.

pork quality  /  artificial intelligence  /  non-destructive testing  /  quality evaluation
王磊, 盛清凯, 孙洪帅, 陈振, 董燕婕, 蔡达, 赵善仓. 基于人工智能的无损检测技术在猪肉品质评价中的应用研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (14) : 79 -88 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250224001
Lei WANG, Qing-Kai SHENG, Hong-Shuai SUN, Zhen CHEN, Yan-Jie DONG, Da CAI, Shan-Cang ZHAO. Research progress on pork quality evaluation methods based on non-destructive artificial intelligence technologies[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (14) : 79 -88 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250224001
我国是猪肉生产与消费大国, 2024年我国生猪存栏42743万头, 猪肉产量5706万t, 生猪产业已成为我国农业的支柱产业。随着人们对食品安全及营养健康关注的日益增强, 对猪肉品质提出了更高的要求。畜禽肉类产品品质概念最早由英国诺丁汉大学LAWRIE博士于1966年在《Meat Science》专著中首次提出, 以后经过多次发展演变。关于肉品品质指标分类问题, 丹麦学者ANDERSON将肉品品质分为5类, 包括食用品质、营养品质、技术品质(加工品质)、卫生品质、人文品质[1], 南京农业大学周光宏等[2]也沿用上述肉品品质指标分类体系。目前, 我国已经形成强制性标准(食品安全国家标准)为核心, 推荐性标准(行业标准、地方标准、团体标准、企业标准)为主体的肉与肉制品的标准体系。其中, 肉与肉制品原料标准13项, 产品标准21项, 工艺规范13项[3]。国际国内猪肉市场的激烈竞争极大地促进了猪肉品质评价技术的发展, 肉品品质检测与评价技术成已为肉品领域的研究热点。
猪肉品质评价主要有感官评价和仪器分析检测两种方法。感官分析是通过人的感觉器官对产品感官特性进行评价的科学, 存在主观性强、一致性差、难以量化等缺点。成分检测分析主要通过一系列指标检测对猪肉品质进行判定。目前常用的检测方法主要有高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)、气相色谱法(gas chromatography, GC)、气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)、酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)、胶体金免疫层析法(gold immunochromatographic assay, GICA)、生物传感器法(biosensor)等。采用先进的检测技术对猪肉不同的品质指标进行检测, 相较于感官评价更加客观、准确, 但肉品会受到损伤或破坏, 存在检测成本高, 费时费力, 难以满足现代肉类生产企业自动化加工的需求。因此迫切需要一系列快速、准确、无损的检测技术对猪肉品质进行一致性评价, 以促进猪肉产品安全和质量的健康发展。
人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)技术的应用已延伸至食品产业链的每一个环节, 在肉类品质无损检测的应用中变得越来越重要, 为肉类在线分级和评价提供了重要的技术支持[4-5]。AI技术是结合传感器、处理器(计算机)和其他组件, 利用被测物的力学、光学、声学、电学等相关信息, 对其物理特性、化学成分、结构特性等数据进行评价, 从而实现对食品质量的无损、准确评价[6-7]。多传感器数据融合(multisensor information fusion, MSIF)技术是一种将不同来源的多个传感器的数据结合起来判断或检测目标属性的方法。它旨在整合来自待测物多个来源信息, 以获得比单一技术更准确的结果。近年来, MSIF技术已广泛应用于农产品和食品质量的评价与识别[8-9]
本文综述了当前猪肉品质无损检测的主要关键技术, 包括近红外光谱(near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS)技术、高光谱成像(hyperspectral imaging technique, HSI)技术、拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy, RS)技术、荧光光谱技术、太赫兹光谱(Terahertz spectroscopy, THz)技术、电子鼻/电子舌(electronic nose/electronic tongue, EN/ET)技术和计算机视觉系统(computer vision technology, CVs), 阐述了不同技术的原理、特点和应用现状, 以及面临的挑战和未来的发展方向, 以期为AI技术用于改善肉品质量安全检测提供必要的理论和技术参考。
NIRS (780~2526 nm), 介于可见光和中红外光之间, 该谱区内的光谱信息主要反映了物质中含氢(C-H、O-H、N-H)等基团的振动情况, 能够揭示物质的结构和组成信息。在猪肉新鲜度检测方面, 刘瑜明等[10]研究猪肉NIRS信息和总挥发性碱性氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)、pH和含水率的关系, 建立了猪肉TVB-N、pH和含水率的竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adapative reweighted sampling, CARS)结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression, PLSR)模型, 发现近红外波段区域与猪肉TVB-N、pH、含水率存在显著相关性, 其中训练集相关系数(RC)分别为0.9471、0.9988、0.9971, 均方根误差(root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP)分别为1.2088、0.087、0.0015; 测试集相关系数(RP)分别为0.9275、0.9630、0.9459, RMSEP分别为1.6836、0.0517、0.0056。QU等[11]应用MSIF技术, 以TVB-N和pH为新鲜度评价指标对猪肉新鲜度进行评价, TVB-N相关系数(R)和RMSEP分别为0.8618和3.910, pH相关系数(R)和RMSEP为0.9379和0.1046。两项研究结果表明, NIRS结合MSIF方法有望实现猪肉新鲜度的快速无损检测, 为肉类品质监控提供新方法; 在猪肉品质分类识别方面, 张保霞[12]应用主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)对猪肉光谱数据处理, 筛选出猪肉光谱特征波长, 运用樽海鞘群算法支持向量机(salp swarm algorithm-support vector machine, SSA-SVM)模型进行参数优化, 在训练集和测试集上, SSA-SVM模型的猪肉品质识别正确率最高。训练集上, 白肌肉(pale, soft and exudative, PSE)、正常肉(reddish-pink, firm and non-exudative, RFN)和黑干肉(dark, firm and dry, DFD)识别的正确率分别为96.15%、97.06%、96.15%; 测试集上, PSE、RFN和DFD识别的正确率分别为100.00%、94.11%、92.31%, 实现了不同品质猪肉高效鉴别。刘媛媛等[13]将粒子群优化算法(particle swam optimization, PSO)引入SVM进行参数优化, 分类器对训练集中PSE、REN和DFD的回判识别率分别为88.46%、94.11%和92.31%; 测试集中PSE、RFN和DFD预测正确率分别为84.62%、94.11%和84.62%。该分类器简单、预测准确率高, 为生鲜猪肉综合品质在线分级提供技术参考。
NIRS技术近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表1。NIRS技术需通过化学计量学模型建立样本光谱与待测指标之间的关联。尽管具有快速无损等优势, 但其存在建模周期长, 检测的精准度往往受限于模型的质量。在未来研究中需要加强创新模型构建方法、研究同一模型在不同光谱设备之间的应用转化以增强模型的适用性、研发便携手持式的NIRS专用设备, 加强NIRS技术与其他技术相融合, 进一步完善NIRS技术的应用效果。
HSI是光谱技术与二维成像技术相融合, 获取目标物的一维光谱信息和二维空间信息, 应用化学计量学方法对获得的数据进行分析, 具有“图谱合一”的特性, 在营养成分(水分、蛋白、脂肪)、食用品质(色泽、嫩度、新鲜度)以及安全品质(微生物、掺假)检测方面应用较为广泛[14-15]
MA等[16]采用了一种新型的单次拍摄HSI传感器, 结合反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network, BP-NN)和PLSR预测模型, 对多种加工猪肉的蛋白质含量进行了评估。结合吸光度光谱BP-NN模型评估各种加工猪肉的蛋白质含量, 其交叉验证集的决定系数(R2)为0.8318, RMSEP为8.38 mg/g。研究表明, 利用单次拍摄HSI技术可有效测定加工猪肉蛋白质含量。KAMRUZZAMAN等[17]研究了400~1000 nm光谱范围内的高光谱实时成像系统, 用于监测红肉(牛肉、羊肉和猪肉)中水分含量的变化, 多元线形回归(multiple linear regression, MLR)模型简单, 易于理解, 在预测含水量方面表现良好, R2P=0.97, RMSEP=2.19%, RPD=4.04, HSI与多元分析相结合, 在肉类行业实时测定水分含量方面具有巨大潜力。CHENG等[18]开展了荧光高光谱成像(fluorescence hyperspectral imaging technique, F-HSI)与EN相结合的猪肉新鲜度无损检测技术研究, 应用混合融合网络模型(hybrid fusion attention network, HFA-Net)获得了最佳的预测结果(R²=0.9373, RMSE=0.4897 mg/100 g), 建立了基于HFA-Net的F-his和EN数据融合的一种无损检测猪肉新鲜度的新方法。BONAH等[19]运用可见-近红外(visible-near infrared‌, Vis-NIR) HSI和PLSR, 对新鲜猪背最长肌中细菌类食源性病原体(大肠杆菌O157和金黄色葡萄球菌)的污染情况进行快速监测, 基于遗传算法的变量组合群体分析(variable combination population analysis with genetic algorithm, VCPA-GA)混合策略的大肠杆菌预测模型, 预测集决定系数(R2P)=0.9977、RMSEP=0.1532、性能偏差比(ratio of performance residual prediction deviation, RPD)=13.5910; 金黄色葡萄球菌预测模型: R2P=0.9960、RMSEP=0.1225、RPD=16.8032, 实现猪肉样本上食源性病原体分布的可视化, 为细菌污染评估提供了一种新方法。BARBIN等[20]开发了一种推扫NIR-HIS (900~1700 nm)检测冷藏猪肉在储存期间的菌落总数(total viable-bacteria count, TVC)和嗜冷菌数(psychrotrophic plate count, PPC), TVC和PPC的r2分别为0.86和0.89, 获得了最佳回归。ZHAO等[21]建立了肉品高光谱图像高斯回归系数分布模型(gaussian process regression, GPR)对肉类样品的掺假水平开展评估, 实现肉类掺假可视化检测, 最佳方法的平均误差(average relative error, ARE)、相关系数(r)和RMSEP分别为2.8%、0.9831和0.0319。AL-SARAYREH等[22]应用HSI系统结合NIR和VIS, 建立了三维卷积神经网络(3D convolutional neural networks, 3D-CNN)模型, 最终建立的高光谱HIS-NIR和HIS-VIS分类模型的分类精度分别达96.9%和97.1%。
HSI技术近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表2。HSI技术是一项新兴且发展迅速的光电探测融合技术, LI等[23]将NIR与CVs相结合, 促进了光谱和图像融合。HSI技术被认为是近年来发展最快、应用最广泛的肉类质量和安全无损检测技术之一, 但是HSI数据的解析高度依赖于化学计量学模型, 如PLSR、SVM和深度学习模型(如CNN)等。小型化、工业化的高光谱设备开发不仅是技术发展的必然趋势, 也是推动高光谱技术从实验室走向实际应用的关键一步。
RS是一种基于拉曼散射效应的光谱分析技术, 可以提供样品的振动和转动信息, 从而揭示样品的结构和成分[24], 具有无损、适宜水相分析、分子特异性、多组分同步分析、实时监测等特点, 在肉品的pH、嫩度、颜色、保水性、营养成分、兽药残留、致病菌、掺假识别等方面有不同程度的应用[25]。目前RS已发展为表面增强拉曼光谱(surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS)、空间偏移拉曼光谱(spatially offset Raman spectroscopy, SORS)和拉曼化学成像(Raman chemical imaging, RCI)技术。SERS是通过金纳米颗粒等基底的等离子体共振效应, 使吸附分子的拉曼信号增强105~1014倍, 从而显著降低痕量成分的检出限(limit of detection, LOD); SORS是通过分离激光照射区和信号采集区的空间位置, 通过空间偏移来获取样品表层及深层组织的梯度信息, 适用于分层结构的分析; RCI通过大范围扫描获得包含二维空间坐标(X, Y)与光谱维度(V)的三维数据集, 可实现化学成分分布的可视化表征[26]
翟晨等[27]基于SERS技术建立了动物组织中沙丁胺醇和盐酸克伦特罗的快速检测方法, 检测范围分别为0.01~5 mg/kg和0.02~5 mg/kg, LOD分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg, 其含量与实测值决定系数(R)分别为0.912和0.921。YUAN等[28]开发了多壁碳纳米管氧化锌及纳米银复合材料(multi-walled carbon nanotubes@zinc oxide/silver nanocomposite, MWCNTs@ZnO/Ag)复合SERS基底, 通过ZnO的化学增强效应和MWCNTs的电磁协同作用使恩诺沙星的LOD降至0.43 nmol/L。WANG等[29]采用RCI技术实现了猪肉中氧氟沙星、氯霉素和磺胺二甲嘧啶的同时测定, 预测模型相关系数(R)分别为0.978、0.986和0.984。结合“像素比”法, 该技术可直观实现兽药残留空间分布特征, 为多组分无损定量提供新策略。KANG等[30]通过SERS结合光纤探头分析猪肉皮下脂肪, 发现拉曼强度比脂肪层厚度呈非线形相关, 基于POLS回归模型可定量评估脂肪层厚度。此外RS通过PLSR模型预测肉类TVC、乳酸菌、肠杆科菌、假单胞菌、热杀索丝菌、酵母菌和霉菌数等微生物含量, 快速鉴定肉类腐败程度[31-32]。RS技术可有效用于定性鉴别猪肉脯掺伪及定量分析猪肉脯中掺入鸡肉的比例, 为猪肉脯掺假的快速、无损检测的应用提供技术支持[33]。当前SERS与RCI技术在生物医学领域已趋成熟, 但在肉品检测中仍需解决基底稳定性、标准数据库构建等问题以推动产业化应用。
便携式手持RS技术在肉品工业生产应用成为研究的热点。SCHEIER等[34]应用便携式手持RS结合全谱PLSR模型(R2=0.78和RMSECV=0.2)预测猪肉早期pH变化, RS在肉类加工过程中具有在线检测pH和肉品品质的潜力。NACHE等[35]利用RS与蚁群优化相结合, 明确pH45 min和pH24 hr可作为猪肉品质的关键评价指标, 为肉类质量快速无损检测提供技术有效的技术手段。SCHEIER等[36]使用便携式拉曼系统, 通过PLSR将其与RS进行关联。研究表明RS与以下指标呈现出强相关性: pH45 min (R2cv=0.65, RMSECV=0.17)、pH24 hr (R2cv=0.68, RMSECV=0.09)、L (R2cv=0.64, RMSECV=1.9)、b (R2cv=0.73, RMSECV=0.6)、滴水损失(R2cv=0.73, RMSECV=1.0%)以及宰后72 h的剪切力(R2cv=0.7, RMSECV=4 N)。赵芳等[37]基于RS技术对猪肉皮下脂肪样本中脂肪酸不饱和程度(碘值)进行了定量分析。采用区间PLSR方法筛选最优特征波段, 在此技术上建立碘值预测模型。结果表明该模型预测性能优异, 其预测集相关系数RP达到0.9463、RMSEP达到2.5391×10-2。白京等[38]进一步将RS技术化学计量学方法结合, 实现了冷冻猪肉的脂质氧化程度的快速检测。通过便携式RS系统采集光谱数据, 采用CARS-PLSR建模方法, 建立了酸价和过氧化值的定量预测模型。其中酸价模型的R2cv为0.88、RMSECV分别为0.31; 过氧化值的R2cv为0.84、RMSECV为2.33。在独立验证集上, 两个模型的预测性能保持稳定, 范围误差比分别为2.59和1.90。董鑫鑫等[39]通过回归系数法(regression coefficient, RC)筛选特征波长, 优化了PLSR模型的波段选择。研究发现仅需20%的特征波段就可获得理想的预测效果, TVB-N模型相关系数(R)为0.933、pH模型的相关系数(R)为0.880。该模型证实便携式RS在猪瘦肉新鲜度快速检测中具有显著的优势, 特别是在TVB-N含量预测方面展现出良好的应用前景, 为肉类新鲜度的现场快速无损检测提供了新的技术手段。
RS技术近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表3。RS可对食品中的重金属、病原体、环境污染物、微塑料、农药、食品添加剂等进行快速准确的鉴别, 且具有样品前处理简便、重现性好的优点[40]。目前RS技术在肉品检测领域得到广泛的应用, 探测肉类加工过程中的质量变化规律及肉类安全评价机制依然是RS在肉类科学研究和工业生产应用中的重点和方向。
荧光光谱技术是基于物质的荧光特性进行定性、定量分析的方法。由于不同物质的分子结构和电子能级分布不同, 其荧光发射光谱在峰形特征、峰位位移及强度分布存在差异, 通过分析待测物的荧光光谱, 可以获取定性和定量信息。目前, 该技术在分析领域主要采用两种典型方法: 荧光激发发射矩阵光谱(fluorescence excitation-emission matrix, EEM)和同步荧光光谱(synchronized fluorescence spectrum, SFS)。其中, EEM是一种三维荧光光谱技术, 它通过对荧光激发光谱和发射光谱的综合分析, 获取物质的光谱信息, 从而表征物质的性质和组成; SFS是一种特殊的荧光技术, 同时扫描激发和发射两个波长, 由荧光信号与对应的激发波长(或发射波长)构成光谱图。
荧光光谱技术因其灵敏度高、快速和无损检测的特点, 已在肉类产品的质量检测领域得到广泛的应用[41]。LIU等[42]创新性采用SFS技术实现冷藏牛肉新鲜度指标TVB-N、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid, TBA)和TVC的无损检测, 通过PLS算法构建了多指标预测模型, TVB-N和TBA值的标准相关系数(Rc2)和预测相关系数(Rp2)均大于0.900, TVC值的Rc2Rp2分别为0.912和0.871。LEE等[43]将高光谱荧光成像技术与最小二乘支持向量机(least squares-support vector machine, LS-SVM)结合, 建立猪肉TVB-N预测模型, LS-SVM模型预测数据集的决定系数(Rp²)和预测标准误差(square error of prediction, SEP)分别为0.967和1.902%。LIU等[44]基于荧光探针结合智能手机建立一种便携式、可视化监测肉类新鲜度的新型荧光平台, 制备的基于萘的荧光化合物对腐胺和尸胺表现出卓越的传感性能, 包括高对比度的荧光颜色转变(从红色变为蓝色)、响应时间快速(约30 s)、选择性和灵敏度高(腐胺LOD: 2.69 µg/kg, 尸胺LOD: 6.11 µg/kg), 可用于实时、便携且可视化地监测猪肉新鲜度。DENG等[45]合成了基于香豆素的荧光探针, 用于检测肉和虾的新鲜度。532 nm发射波长下, 探针溶液的荧光强度与氨浓度呈线性相关, 随着氨浓度的增加, 探针显示出从绿色到蓝色的荧光发射转变, 线性范围为0~1.00 mmol/L, R2=0.9957, 对氨的LOD为0.652 μmol/L。HASHEMIAN等[46]发明了一种基于水凝胶的高灵敏度荧光氨传感器, 用于测量肉类中的氨水平。该传感器以黄芪胶结合金属有机框架和从黄芩中提取的天然染料构建的水凝胶, 化学和物理性质稳定, 该传感器在氨检测方面呈现出两个线性范围: 0~5.42 µg/kg和5.42~0.47 µg/kg, LOD为49.6 ng/kg, 并实现了基于智能手机的荧光检测分析和信号实施传输的现场实时检测。
荧光光谱技术近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表4。荧光光谱技术在肉品质量安全检测中得到了较大的发展, 但仍存在一些局限性。还需要开展更多研究, 以确定在这类复杂体系中, 究竟是哪些荧光团决定了荧光特性, 以及哪些因素会影响荧光现象, 还需在检测的智能化、设备便携式、化学计量学方法和荧光传感器相结合开展进一步研究, 以提高荧光光谱技术在肉品质量安全领域的应用。
THz是指频率在0.1 THz到10 THz范围的电磁波, 位于中红外和微波范围之间, 不同材料对太赫兹波的吸收与反射不同, 形成特定光谱, 这个光谱被称之为材料特有的“指纹谱”。太赫兹波光子能量小, 不会对实验人员和样品造成电离危害, 是一种安全的食品检测手段[47]。太赫兹在食品行业的主要应用包括水分检测、异物检测等[48]。齐亮等[49]采用衰减全反射模式采集不同猪肉组织的THz, 通过建立不同种猪肉组织的THz与猪肉品质的相关模型, 实现猪肉品质的快速无损检测。太赫兹时域光谱技术(Terahertz time domain spectrum, THz-TDS)是通过分析携带介质信息(如振幅和相位等)的宽频带太赫兹脉冲, 从而对材料内部信息进行提取的一种光谱检测方法。由于水分强烈吸收THz波影响其对肉的检测, 齐亮等[50]进一步采用一阶微分预处理, 基于BP-NN, 建立THz预测模型, 能够有效快速检测猪肉的新鲜度。HU等[51]率先将THz应用于鱼类产品质量安全检测, 系统研究了鱼骨等内源性异物和金属、塑料、牙签等外源性异物的检测。ZHANG等[52] 采用电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS)和THz-TDS技术对三文鱼腐败过程进行监测, 研究结果表明基于反射模式的THz-TDS可以实现鲑鱼新鲜度的非侵入性无损检测。
THz技术近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表5。尽管THz技术在食品领域的应用已取得显著进展, 但仍存在灵敏度较低的问题。需要应用复杂的数学方法提取更多的参数, 应用化学计量学与太赫兹光谱技术相结合开展研究, 以提高THz检测的精度和灵敏度[53]
EN技术是一种模拟生物嗅觉系统的电子传感技术, 通过传感器阵列对挥发性成分的响应生成“指纹”数据, 实现气味的识别与分析, 近年来, EN在肉类新鲜度、挥发性成分及掺假检测方面展现出良好的应用潜力。蒙万隆等[54]通过建立EN传感器特征信号与TVB-N含量相关性模型实现对肉类新鲜度的有效评估, 所构建的2个模型训练组相关系数达0.994、0.985 (P<0.01), 预测组的相关系数达到0.984、0.979 (P<0.01), 表明该方法的预测性能良好。王丹凤等[55]利用GC-EN, 结合PCA和PLSR, 对在4 ℃和20 ℃条件下保存不同天数的猪肉的挥发性气味的成分进行检测, 通过PLS建立EN输出信号与TVC之间的对应关系, 4 ℃时R=0.9003, 20 ℃时R=0.9940, 线性关系均良好, PCA可以区分不同储藏天数的猪肉样品。周慧敏等[56]利用EN结合线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis, LDA), 对市售坨坨猪肉样品中风味物质进行快速检测, 可有效辨别猪肉中挥发性成分的差异。王永瑞等[57]应用EN开展不同掺入比例(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)鸭肉的烤羊肉鉴定, 研究表明1-辛醇、1-戊醇、己醛、乙酸、十二烷等主要化合物含量在掺假样品中存在显著差异, 为肉品的质量鉴别与品质评价提供有效的鉴定方法。
ET技术是一种基于交叉敏感传感器阵列识别样品的特征成分的味觉分析系统, 通过采集样品电化学信号, 结合化学计量学方法实现样品的定性、定量分析[58]。ET模拟人类味觉系统实现样品检测, 具有操作简单, 分析快速、高效等特点, 在保质期、质量控制、安全检测、掺假和真实性、原产地识别等方面已广泛应用[59]。GIL等[60]应用ET监测冷藏条件下新鲜猪肉的理化和微生物变化, 结果表明pH与电位测量数据之间存在显著的相关性。郭金英等[61]应用ET结合色谱技术分析蒸煮猪肉滋味物质。范文教等[62]将ET应用于川味香肠品质评价, 通过对获得的ET数据进行PCA和判别因子分析, 可以有效区别不同发酵时间的川味香肠。TIAN等[63]采用ET检测羊肉产品中掺杂的猪肉成分, 基于LDA模型可以对掺入不同比例猪肉(0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)的羊肉混合样品进行有效鉴定。
EN/ET近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表6。相较于传统方法, EN/ET传感技术能够快速、无损地检测出食品成分的细微差异。传感器技术、数据处理算法以及机器学习技术的持续改进, 将进一步提升EN/ET的性能。然而, 单一EN或ET技术在选择性、灵敏度或动态范围方面存在一定局限性。未来的研究可以通过数据融合、传感器优化及机器学习算法改进提升性能。此外EN和ET联合有望在全球范围内彻底改变食品真伪鉴别的方式[64]
CVs是一种基于摄像机和电脑对目标进行感知、识别、跟踪和测量, 结合AI等技术对数据进行分析的自动化检测技术[65-66]。该系统主要由计算机、工业相机、照明系统和图像处理软件等核心组件构成, 目前在猪肉品质评价领域已形成较为成熟的应用体系, 可实现对肉品的色泽、质地、大理纹、嫩度、新鲜度等关键指标的精准检测[67-68]。王笑丹等[69]应用多元线性回归、非线性回归和神经网络等3种不同的数学方法, 对肌内脂肪含量进行检测, 其中, 非线性回归模型表现优异, 预测准确率达85%以上。SUN等[70-71]利用CVs提取猪背最长肌图像的特征信息作为预测因子, 分别构建了逐步回归模型和SVM模型对肌内脂肪含量预测, 准确率分别为92.5%和75.0%。LIU等[72]的研究进一步验证了CVs技术的可靠性, 逐步回归模型的准确率为0.63, SVM的准确率为0.75, 结果表明CVs可以作为有效预测猪肉肌内脂肪的工具。CHMIEL等[73]应用CVs确定的猪肉颜色参数以检测腰最长肌肉缺陷的有效性, 结果表明CVs在检测PSE和DFD以及将肉类质量评价方面具有很强的应用前景。
CVs近年来在肉类品质快速无损检测领域的应用见表7。但是, 化学计量学模型的选择对提高CVs预测准确度非常重要, 目前CVs在肉类质量检测中的应用主要是利用可见光谱获取的图像中提取的外部特征, 如基于颜色或纹理的特征, 并结合化学计量学方法进行定性或定量分析。
AI技术的进步加速了肉类无损检测技术发展, NIRS、HIS、RS等技术通过融合机器学习算法, 实现肉品质量安全的非破坏性精准检测, 为构建智能化质量监测系统提供关键技术支撑。可视化检测技术因为其快速、准确、直观可见而备受欢迎, 但在实际应用仍面临诸多挑战, 包括检测设备价格昂贵、传感器灵敏度不足、改进化学计量学方法、MSIF策略亟待创新等。
随着科技的进步, 猪肉品质评价技术及设备将会向着快速、便捷、无损、多指标的方向发展, 如何优化现有检测技术的组合方案, 优化改进化学计量方法, 并通过多元数据信息实现检测效能的提升是需要解决的关键科学问题。此外, 利用数字图像处理技术与AI学习算法相结合, 构建了肉质定量预测模型和定性判别方法, 从感官特性、内部成分和外部因素对鲜肉进行全面的评价, 并将所开发的高性能质量检测系统应用于实际肉类加工生产线, 是肉类品质无损检测的研究重点和发展方向。
  • 枣庄市自主创新及成果转化计划项目(2024GH03)
  • 山东省重点研发计划项目(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2023TZXD036)
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2025年第16卷第14期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250224001
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-01-07
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24
基金
枣庄市自主创新及成果转化计划项目(2024GH03)
山东省重点研发计划项目(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2023TZXD036)
作者信息
    1 山东省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所, 济南 250100
    2 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250100
    3 潍坊海润华辰检测技术有限公司, 潍坊 261071
    4 山东福藤食品有限公司, 枣庄 277100

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*赵善仓(1972—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全及营养。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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