Article(id=1215670315481482192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1734537600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767767989272, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767767989272, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767767989272, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767767989272, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215670311140381365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767767988237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767970098618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=267, endPage=275, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215670315846386658, articleId=1215670315481482192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Formula optimization and quality analysis of low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake, columnId=1151895321719223288, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Processing and Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the formula optimization conditions for low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake, utilizing tamarind, coconut oil and xylitol as the primary ingredients, and to assess the quality of the final product. Methods The low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake was optimized using sensory evaluation, texture, and color difference as indicators through a single-factor orthogonal experimental design. The physical, microbial, mineral element, and flavor characteristics of the finished product were also analyzed. Results The optimal formulation for low-sugar tamarind-coconut fruit cake was: Based on a total product weight of 50 g, tamarind juice 8 g, coconut oil 4 g, carrageenan 0.27 g, konjac powder 0.54 g and xylitol 8 g. Under these optimal conditions, the sensory score of the low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake was 94.70 points; the hardness, elasticity, adhesiveness and chewiness were 93.33 g, 2.54 mm, 79.33 g and 2.00 mJ, respectively; the color difference L*, a*, b* were 46.34, 7.13, 13.27 respectively; the total sugar, total acid and amino acid content were 27.18 g/100 g, 0.39 mg/g and 0.25 mg/g, respectively; the content of mineral elements potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were 717.95, 62.17, 73.70 and 91.40 mg/kg, respectively, with a ratio of phosphorus to calcium close to 1:1; electronic nose analysis reveals that the aroma of the finished product primarily consists of short-chain alkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, and sulfides. The sum of contribution rates of the first and second principal components in principal component analysis (PCA) was 98.80%. Conclusion The low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake made by this method is nutritious, moderately soft and firm in texture, with uniform color and unique flavor.

, correspAuthors=Jing QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=De-Hui HU, Xin-Yu HUANG, Dan-Rong SHI, Xia LIU, Ming-Zhen CHEN, Jing QI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1215670319050834027, articleId=1215670315481482192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=低糖酸角椰子油果糕的配方优化与品质分析, columnId=1151895322281734685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品加工与工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以酸角、椰子油、木糖醇为主要原料, 研究低糖酸角椰子油果糕配方优化条件与成品品质。方法 低糖酸角椰子油果糕以感官评分、质构、色差为指标, 在单因素的基础上采用正交实验设计进行配方优化, 并对成品的理化、微生物、矿物元素含量及风味特性进行分析。结果 低糖酸角椰子油果糕的最优配方为: 以成品总质量为50 g计, 酸角汁8 g, 椰子油4 g, 卡拉胶0.27 g, 魔芋粉0.54 g, 木糖醇8 g。在此工艺条件下低糖酸角椰子油果糕感官评分94.70分; 硬度、弹性、胶着性、咀嚼性分别为93.33 g、2.54 mm、79.33 g、2.00 mJ; 色差L*a*b*分别为46.34、7.13、13.27; 总糖、总酸、氨基酸含量为27.18 g/100 g、0.39 mg/g、0.25 mg/g; 矿物元素钾、磷、钙、镁含量分别为717.95、62.17、73.70、91.40 mg/kg, 其中磷和钙的比接近1:1; 电子鼻检测分析表明成品的香气组分主要是短链烷烃类、醇类、醚类、醛类、酮类、芳香成分、硫化物; 主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)中第一和第二主成分贡献率之和为98.80%。结论 以此方法制作的低糖酸角椰子油果糕营养丰富, 软硬适中, 色泽均一, 风味独特。

, correspAuthors=祁静, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*祁静(1983—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品化学和食品营养学。E-mail:
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胡德辉(1988—), 男, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为功能食品研究与开发。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(8): 37-43., articleTitle=Progress in research on intelligent sensory analysis for studies on food flavor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215691747594781633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=18, pageStart=272, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=59, authorNames=李嘉欣, 吴昕烨, 毕金峰, journalName=食品工业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李嘉欣, 吴昕烨, 毕金峰, 等. 气质联用结合电子鼻表征不同温度热风干燥苹果脆片关键香气化合物[J]. 食品工业科技, 2022, 43(18): 272-282., articleTitle=气质联用结合电子鼻表征不同温度热风干燥苹果脆片关键香气化合物, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215691747699639234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=18, pageStart=272, pageEnd=282, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=60, authorNames=LI JX, WU XY, BI JF, journalName=Science and Technology of Food Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI JX, WU XY, BI JF, et al. Characterization of key aroma compounds of apple slices dried by hot-air at different temperatures by GC-MS and electronic nose[J]. 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注: 同一系列不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05), 图2~5同。

, figureFileSmall=mB2ranWBnxRLxeJZ4QBwiw==, figureFileBig=PXyMityNKfb2rvlm/IngRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740267332451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of ratio of carrageenan to konjac on the sensory score of fruit cake, figureFileSmall=E4uZJegqPqYy7lMtAWIYKw==, figureFileBig=lmdb7eZGxh33p09U255Ovw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740321858404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例对果糕感官评分的影响, figureFileSmall=E4uZJegqPqYy7lMtAWIYKw==, figureFileBig=lmdb7eZGxh33p09U255Ovw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740380578661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different tamarind juice adding volume on the sensory score of fruit cake, figureFileSmall=y7FPTfZQ9bwovFS7p59A+g==, figureFileBig=Eszt4vZyrJLJqXvHG4X9Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740435104614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同酸角汁的添加量对果糕感官评分的影响, figureFileSmall=y7FPTfZQ9bwovFS7p59A+g==, figureFileBig=Eszt4vZyrJLJqXvHG4X9Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740498019175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different coconut oil adding volume on the sensory score of fruit cake, figureFileSmall=CpAz0dqhQ1Lk16JCWVfePA==, figureFileBig=Wn2KX2TW/sH3DOSSQ0JaCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740565128040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同椰子油的添加量对果糕感官评分的影响, figureFileSmall=CpAz0dqhQ1Lk16JCWVfePA==, figureFileBig=Wn2KX2TW/sH3DOSSQ0JaCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740615459689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different xylitol adding volume on the sensory score of fruit cake, figureFileSmall=7c+jI6TP9NlnAkDMrZ5GPg==, figureFileBig=pHvPTtgZI61mx2c+cScbFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740678374250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同木糖醇的添加量对果糕感官评分的影响, figureFileSmall=7c+jI6TP9NlnAkDMrZ5GPg==, figureFileBig=pHvPTtgZI61mx2c+cScbFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740732900203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparative analysis of electronic nose radar images, figureFileSmall=BBUJPLQwHrfWnHMfR7uXZg==, figureFileBig=A4isJUbnXA1v3S9n/OohzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740787426156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=图6, caption=电子鼻雷达图比较分析, figureFileSmall=BBUJPLQwHrfWnHMfR7uXZg==, figureFileBig=A4isJUbnXA1v3S9n/OohzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740846146413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Results of PCA analysis of electronic nose, figureFileSmall=onylo4H0FYYIFNezxwk2MQ==, figureFileBig=wBf5k4u+CHp9+hP/aeX52A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740904866670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=图7, caption=电子鼻PCA分析结果, figureFileSmall=onylo4H0FYYIFNezxwk2MQ==, figureFileBig=wBf5k4u+CHp9+hP/aeX52A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215691740955198319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factors and levels of orthogonal test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(胶粉
添加量)/g
B(酸角汁
添加量)/g
C(木糖醇
添加量)/g
D(椰子油
添加量)/g
1 0.8 5 8 2
2 0.9 8 10 3
3 1.0 11 12 4
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741013918576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交实验因素与水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(胶粉
添加量)/g
B(酸角汁
添加量)/g
C(木糖醇
添加量)/g
D(椰子油
添加量)/g
1 0.8 5 8 2
2 0.9 8 10 3
3 1.0 11 12 4
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741081027441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation standard of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质
指标
评分标准 感官
评分/分
色泽
(20分)
色泽均匀一致, 呈浅棕至深棕色, 富有光泽 16~20
色泽均匀一致, 呈浅棕至深棕色, 光泽较好 9~15
色泽暗黄, 光泽较差 0~8
组织状态(20分) 成型完好, 表面光滑, 组织均匀 16~20
基本成型, 表面略粗糙, 组织均匀 9~15
不成型, 组织不均匀 0~8
口感
(30分)
软硬适中, 富有弹性, 柔和细腻 20~30
稍软或稍硬, 略有弹性, 口感柔和 10~19
口感疏松较绵软, 或者硬脆, 无弹性 0~8
风味
(30分)
具有酸角和椰子油特有的香气, 香味浓厚, 酸甜适口 20~30
具有酸角和椰子油特有的香气, 香味较淡, 酸甜适中 10~19
基本上没有酸角和椰子油的香气, 甜酸不适中, 有异味 0~8
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741143942002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

果糕感官评价表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质
指标
评分标准 感官
评分/分
色泽
(20分)
色泽均匀一致, 呈浅棕至深棕色, 富有光泽 16~20
色泽均匀一致, 呈浅棕至深棕色, 光泽较好 9~15
色泽暗黄, 光泽较差 0~8
组织状态(20分) 成型完好, 表面光滑, 组织均匀 16~20
基本成型, 表面略粗糙, 组织均匀 9~15
不成型, 组织不均匀 0~8
口感
(30分)
软硬适中, 富有弹性, 柔和细腻 20~30
稍软或稍硬, 略有弹性, 口感柔和 10~19
口感疏松较绵软, 或者硬脆, 无弹性 0~8
风味
(30分)
具有酸角和椰子油特有的香气, 香味浓厚, 酸甜适口 20~30
具有酸角和椰子油特有的香气, 香味较淡, 酸甜适中 10~19
基本上没有酸角和椰子油的香气, 甜酸不适中, 有异味 0~8
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741211050867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Standard sensor information of PEN3 electronic nose

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 传感器名称 功能描述
1 W1C 对芳香成分、苯类灵敏
2 W5S 对氮氧化物灵敏
3 W3C 对氨类灵敏
4 W6S 对氢化物、氢气灵敏
5 W5C 对烷烃、芳香成分灵敏
6 W1S 对短链烷烃灵敏
7 W1W 对无机硫化物灵敏
8 W2S 对醇、醚、醛、酮类灵敏
9 W2W 对芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
10 W3S 对长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741273965428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PEN3型电子鼻的标准传感器信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 传感器名称 功能描述
1 W1C 对芳香成分、苯类灵敏
2 W5S 对氮氧化物灵敏
3 W3C 对氨类灵敏
4 W6S 对氢化物、氢气灵敏
5 W5C 对烷烃、芳香成分灵敏
6 W1S 对短链烷烃灵敏
7 W1W 对无机硫化物灵敏
8 W2S 对醇、醚、醛、酮类灵敏
9 W2W 对芳香成分、有机硫化物灵敏
10 W3S 对长链烷烃灵敏
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741332685685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different edible gum adding volume on the texture of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
胶粉的
添加量/g
硬度/g 弹性/mm 胶着性/g 咀嚼性/mJ
0.5 105.67±1.25e 2.66±0.12a 87.67±0.47e 2.27±0.12e
0.7 132.33±3.30d 2.76±0.02a 113.00±1.41d 3.07±0.05d
0.9 214.33±4.78c 2.74±0.03a 177.33±4.03c 4.77±0.17c
1.1 257.00±4.55b 2.76±0.05a 218.00±2.16b 5.93±0.19b
1.3 503.33±4.19a 2.65±0.07a 383.67±5.25a 9.97±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741408183158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同胶粉添加量对果糕质构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
胶粉的
添加量/g
硬度/g 弹性/mm 胶着性/g 咀嚼性/mJ
0.5 105.67±1.25e 2.66±0.12a 87.67±0.47e 2.27±0.12e
0.7 132.33±3.30d 2.76±0.02a 113.00±1.41d 3.07±0.05d
0.9 214.33±4.78c 2.74±0.03a 177.33±4.03c 4.77±0.17c
1.1 257.00±4.55b 2.76±0.05a 218.00±2.16b 5.93±0.19b
1.3 503.33±4.19a 2.65±0.07a 383.67±5.25a 9.97±0.17a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741475292023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of ratio of carrageenan to konjac on the texture of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卡拉胶:
魔芋胶
硬度/g 弹性/mm 胶着性/g 咀嚼性/mJ
1:3 57.67±3.77e 2.51±0.23a 50.00±6.98d 1.23±0.25d
1:2 86.33±1.25d 2.76±0.06a 77.67±2.36c 2.10±0.14c
1:1 215.33±3.77c 2.69±0.07a 182.33±3.68b 4.77±0.05b
2:1 401.67±1.25b 2.59±0.04a 306.67±5.73a 7.77±0.24a
3:1 460.00±12.03a 2.51±0.03a 317.00±8.04a 7.00±0.28a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741542400888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例对果糕质构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卡拉胶:
魔芋胶
硬度/g 弹性/mm 胶着性/g 咀嚼性/mJ
1:3 57.67±3.77e 2.51±0.23a 50.00±6.98d 1.23±0.25d
1:2 86.33±1.25d 2.76±0.06a 77.67±2.36c 2.10±0.14c
1:1 215.33±3.77c 2.69±0.07a 182.33±3.68b 4.77±0.05b
2:1 401.67±1.25b 2.59±0.04a 306.67±5.73a 7.77±0.24a
3:1 460.00±12.03a 2.51±0.03a 317.00±8.04a 7.00±0.28a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741596926841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of different tamarind juice adding volume on the color difference of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酸角汁的
添加量/g
L* a* b*
2 47.31±0.64a 0.92±0.02e 5.55±0.08e
8 45.41±0.28b 5.33±0.05d 12.44±0.13d
14 43.56±1.16c 5.71±0.02c 13.09±0.18c
20 40.21±0.53d 8.09±0.08b 17.02±0.21b
26 39.25±0.18d 9.32±0.06a 18.57±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741668230010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同酸角汁添加量对果糕色差的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
酸角汁的
添加量/g
L* a* b*
2 47.31±0.64a 0.92±0.02e 5.55±0.08e
8 45.41±0.28b 5.33±0.05d 12.44±0.13d
14 43.56±1.16c 5.71±0.02c 13.09±0.18c
20 40.21±0.53d 8.09±0.08b 17.02±0.21b
26 39.25±0.18d 9.32±0.06a 18.57±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741726950267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of different coconut oil adding volume on the color difference of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椰子油的
添加量/g
L* a* b*
1 32.77±0.44e 4.78±0.15c 9.75±0.08e
3 40.12±0.39d 4.79±0.02c 11.87±0.13d
5 45.10±0.31c 5.48±0.08b 12.87±0.12c
7 49.62±0.21b 5.59±0.14b 13.58±0.15b
9 52.14±0.05a 5.85±0.09a 14.49±0.26a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741789864828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同椰子油的添加量对果糕色差的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
椰子油的
添加量/g
L* a* b*
1 32.77±0.44e 4.78±0.15c 9.75±0.08e
3 40.12±0.39d 4.79±0.02c 11.87±0.13d
5 45.10±0.31c 5.48±0.08b 12.87±0.12c
7 49.62±0.21b 5.59±0.14b 13.58±0.15b
9 52.14±0.05a 5.85±0.09a 14.49±0.26a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741844390781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Effects of different xylitol adding volume on the texture of fruit cake

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木糖醇的
添加量/g
硬度/g 弹性/mm 胶着性/g 咀嚼性/mJ
2 57.67±3.77e 2.51±0.23a 50.00±0.82e 1.23±0.25d
6 86.33±1.25d 2.76±0.06a 77.67±2.36d 2.10±0.14c
10 215.33±3.77c 2.69±0.07a 182.33±3.68c 4.77±0.05b
14 401.67±1.25b 2.59±0.04a 306.67±5.73b 7.77±0.24a
18 460.00±4.97a 2.51±0.03a 317.00±2.16a 7.80±0.28a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741907305342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同木糖醇添加量对果糕质构的影响

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木糖醇的
添加量/g
硬度/g 弹性/mm 胶着性/g 咀嚼性/mJ
2 57.67±3.77e 2.51±0.23a 50.00±0.82e 1.23±0.25d
6 86.33±1.25d 2.76±0.06a 77.67±2.36d 2.10±0.14c
10 215.33±3.77c 2.69±0.07a 182.33±3.68c 4.77±0.05b
14 401.67±1.25b 2.59±0.04a 306.67±5.73b 7.77±0.24a
18 460.00±4.97a 2.51±0.03a 317.00±2.16a 7.80±0.28a
), ArticleFig(id=1215691741974414207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Analysis of orthogonal assay results on optimum formula of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号 因素
A(胶粉
添加量)/g
B(酸角汁
添加量)/g
C(木糖醇
添加量)/g
D(椰子油
添加量)/g
评分/分
1 1 1 1 1 88.50±5.52
2 1 2 2 2 90.40±2.41
3 1 3 3 3 88.00±4.03
4 2 1 2 3 86.30±5.46
5 2 2 3 1 90.20±2.30
6 2 3 1 2 86.30±4.03
7 3 1 3 2 87.00±6.50
8 3 2 1 3 91.00±2.40
9 3 3 2 1 86.30±5.14
K1 88.967 87.267 88.600 88.333
K2 87.600 90.533 87.677 87.900
K3 88.100 86.867 88.400 88.433
R 1.367 3.666 0.933 0.533
), ArticleFig(id=1215691742037328768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

果糕最优配方正交实验分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号 因素
A(胶粉
添加量)/g
B(酸角汁
添加量)/g
C(木糖醇
添加量)/g
D(椰子油
添加量)/g
评分/分
1 1 1 1 1 88.50±5.52
2 1 2 2 2 90.40±2.41
3 1 3 3 3 88.00±4.03
4 2 1 2 3 86.30±5.46
5 2 2 3 1 90.20±2.30
6 2 3 1 2 86.30±4.03
7 3 1 3 2 87.00±6.50
8 3 2 1 3 91.00±2.40
9 3 3 2 1 86.30±5.14
K1 88.967 87.267 88.600 88.333
K2 87.600 90.533 87.677 87.900
K3 88.100 86.867 88.400 88.433
R 1.367 3.666 0.933 0.533
), ArticleFig(id=1215691742100243329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Physicochemical and microbiological indicators of fruit cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 检测值
总糖/(g/100 g) 27.18±0.07
总酸/(mg/g) 0.39±0.004
氨基酸/(mg/g) 0.25±0.006
L* 46.34±0.50
a* 7.13±0.02
b* 13.27±0.09
硬度/g 93.33±2.05
弹性/mm 2.54±0.03
胶着性/g 79.33±2.62
咀嚼性/mJ 2.00±0.08
铁/(mg/kg) 2.32±0.15
钾/(mg/kg) 717.95±2.24
磷/(mg/kg) 62.17±0.52
钙/(mg/kg) 73.70±1.21
镁/(mg/kg) 91.40±1.34
菌落总数/(CFU/g) <10
大肠菌群/(CFU/g) 未检出
), ArticleFig(id=1215691742167352194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670315481482192, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

果糕理化和微生物指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 检测值
总糖/(g/100 g) 27.18±0.07
总酸/(mg/g) 0.39±0.004
氨基酸/(mg/g) 0.25±0.006
L* 46.34±0.50
a* 7.13±0.02
b* 13.27±0.09
硬度/g 93.33±2.05
弹性/mm 2.54±0.03
胶着性/g 79.33±2.62
咀嚼性/mJ 2.00±0.08
铁/(mg/kg) 2.32±0.15
钾/(mg/kg) 717.95±2.24
磷/(mg/kg) 62.17±0.52
钙/(mg/kg) 73.70±1.21
镁/(mg/kg) 91.40±1.34
菌落总数/(CFU/g) <10
大肠菌群/(CFU/g) 未检出
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低糖酸角椰子油果糕的配方优化与品质分析
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胡德辉 1, 2 , 黄鑫煜 3 , 石丹荣 3 , 刘夏 3 , 陈明珍 3 , 祁静 3, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025,16(14): 267-275
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品加工与工艺 2025, 16(14): 267-275
低糖酸角椰子油果糕的配方优化与品质分析
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胡德辉1, 2 , 黄鑫煜3, 石丹荣3, 刘夏3, 陈明珍3, 祁静3, *
作者信息
  • 1 广西中医药大学, 教学实验实训中心, 南宁 530200
  • 2 中药学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西中医药大学), 南宁 530200
  • 3 广西中医药大学药学院, 南宁 530200
  • 胡德辉(1988—), 男, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为功能食品研究与开发。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*祁静(1983—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品化学和食品营养学。E-mail:
Formula optimization and quality analysis of low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake
De-Hui HU1, 2 , Xin-Yu HUANG3, Dan-Rong SHI3, Xia LIU3, Ming-Zhen CHEN3, Jing QI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Teaching Experiment and Training Center of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
  • 2 National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of TCM (Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Nanning 530200, China
  • 3 Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219002
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目的 以酸角、椰子油、木糖醇为主要原料, 研究低糖酸角椰子油果糕配方优化条件与成品品质。方法 低糖酸角椰子油果糕以感官评分、质构、色差为指标, 在单因素的基础上采用正交实验设计进行配方优化, 并对成品的理化、微生物、矿物元素含量及风味特性进行分析。结果 低糖酸角椰子油果糕的最优配方为: 以成品总质量为50 g计, 酸角汁8 g, 椰子油4 g, 卡拉胶0.27 g, 魔芋粉0.54 g, 木糖醇8 g。在此工艺条件下低糖酸角椰子油果糕感官评分94.70分; 硬度、弹性、胶着性、咀嚼性分别为93.33 g、2.54 mm、79.33 g、2.00 mJ; 色差L*a*b*分别为46.34、7.13、13.27; 总糖、总酸、氨基酸含量为27.18 g/100 g、0.39 mg/g、0.25 mg/g; 矿物元素钾、磷、钙、镁含量分别为717.95、62.17、73.70、91.40 mg/kg, 其中磷和钙的比接近1:1; 电子鼻检测分析表明成品的香气组分主要是短链烷烃类、醇类、醚类、醛类、酮类、芳香成分、硫化物; 主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)中第一和第二主成分贡献率之和为98.80%。结论 以此方法制作的低糖酸角椰子油果糕营养丰富, 软硬适中, 色泽均一, 风味独特。

酸角  /  椰子油  /  果糕  /  配方优化  /  品质

Objective To investigate the formula optimization conditions for low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake, utilizing tamarind, coconut oil and xylitol as the primary ingredients, and to assess the quality of the final product. Methods The low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake was optimized using sensory evaluation, texture, and color difference as indicators through a single-factor orthogonal experimental design. The physical, microbial, mineral element, and flavor characteristics of the finished product were also analyzed. Results The optimal formulation for low-sugar tamarind-coconut fruit cake was: Based on a total product weight of 50 g, tamarind juice 8 g, coconut oil 4 g, carrageenan 0.27 g, konjac powder 0.54 g and xylitol 8 g. Under these optimal conditions, the sensory score of the low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake was 94.70 points; the hardness, elasticity, adhesiveness and chewiness were 93.33 g, 2.54 mm, 79.33 g and 2.00 mJ, respectively; the color difference L*, a*, b* were 46.34, 7.13, 13.27 respectively; the total sugar, total acid and amino acid content were 27.18 g/100 g, 0.39 mg/g and 0.25 mg/g, respectively; the content of mineral elements potassium, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium were 717.95, 62.17, 73.70 and 91.40 mg/kg, respectively, with a ratio of phosphorus to calcium close to 1:1; electronic nose analysis reveals that the aroma of the finished product primarily consists of short-chain alkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, and sulfides. The sum of contribution rates of the first and second principal components in principal component analysis (PCA) was 98.80%. Conclusion The low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake made by this method is nutritious, moderately soft and firm in texture, with uniform color and unique flavor.

tamarind  /  coconut oil  /  fruit cake  /  formula optimization  /  quality
胡德辉, 黄鑫煜, 石丹荣, 刘夏, 陈明珍, 祁静. 低糖酸角椰子油果糕的配方优化与品质分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (14) : 267 -275 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219002
De-Hui HU, Xin-Yu HUANG, Dan-Rong SHI, Xia LIU, Ming-Zhen CHEN, Jing QI. Formula optimization and quality analysis of low-sugar tamarind-coconut oil fruit cake[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (14) : 267 -275 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219002
酸角(Tamarindus indica Linn.)又名罗望子、酸甜角、酸豆等, 属豆科酸豆属植物[1], 种质资源富集区在非洲各国及东南亚一带, 我国的主要产区是云南、四川金沙江干热河谷, 且产区酸角品质优[2]。酸角果肉含有丰富的蛋白质、还原糖、膳食纤维、果胶质、矿物元素、有机酸等, 风味独特, 口感酸甜可口, 是饮料、食品行业可选用的好原料[3-4]。研究表明, 酸角还具有降血糖、降血脂、保肝、抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎等药理作用[5-6]。目前, 酸角大部分都是采摘后精选、包装、分级后上市售卖, 或直接浸提得到原液后加水和糖进行调配, 加工方式简单; 已有研究以酸角为主料或辅料开发了酸角糖、糕、酱、浓缩果汁、复合饮料及调味品等, 但是总体尚不够丰富, 可进一步深入研究[7]
椰子油是由椰子果肉加工提取制成的油, 含有丰富的酯类、醛类等风味化合物, 呈现椰子香和奶油香[8]。同时, 椰子油富含中链脂肪酸和酚类物质, 它们能够减少活性氧含量, 具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、改善胆固醇及心血管疾病等功效[9-10]。此外, 椰子油在食品应用上有悠久的历史, 广泛地应用于烘焙食品、婴儿食品、药品等领域, 是一种很有前景的油料[11]
木糖醇作为一种功能性甜味剂, 因具有低热量、预防龋齿、促进钙的吸收、保护肝脏等作用, 成为食品工业中备受青睐的糖替代品[12], 符合消费者对绿色低糖的健康生活需求。因此, 木糖醇应用于开发产品时, 既能达到“减糖控糖”, 又能“减糖不减甜”的目标, 同时能保持口感和控制能量, 适合替代蔗糖等高热量的添加糖[13]
果糕是以果蔬浆液或汁液为主料, 制成的休闲食品, 也是水果深加工的重要形式之一[14]。基于果蔬开发的果糕既营养又能保持独特的风味, 如李志伟等[15]制作的低糖山楂糕符合大众口味, 兼具山楂的营养价值; 赖华清等[16]研究了香榧果糕, 风味独特, 品质优良。目前还未有以酸角、椰子油为原料开发果糕的研究。因此, 本研究以探究低糖果糕为出发点, 开发出具有酸角和椰子油风味并兼具两者功能的果糕; 并且以木糖醇作为甜味剂, 符合低糖、绿色健康的要求。通过单因素、正交实验筛选出低糖酸角椰子油果糕的最佳配方, 并对成品的理化、质构、微生物、矿物质含量、风味等指标进行测定, 以期为基于酸角和椰子油产品开发提供理论基础。
酸角(食品级, 昆明锦尚坊食品有限公司); 冷榨椰子油(食品级, 文昌纯椰食品有限公司); 木糖醇(食品级, 山东福田药业有限公司); 魔芋粉(食品级, 湖北强森魔芋科技有限公司); 卡拉胶[食品级, 绿新(福建)食品有限公司]; 氢氧化钠、盐酸、硫酸铜、酒石酸钾钠、亚铁氰化钾、葡萄糖、氯化钠、甲基红、甲醛(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 95%乙醇(分析纯, 成都市科隆化学品有限公司); 次甲基蓝(分析纯, 天津市登峰化学试剂厂); 酚酞(分析纯, 天津市光复科技发展有限公司); 铁氰化钾(分析纯, 佛山西陇化工有限公司); 氢氧化钠(优级纯, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂); 65%硝酸(优级纯, 德国默克集团); 硼氢化钾(优级纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂、煌绿乳糖胆盐肉汤、平板计数琼脂培养基(生化试剂, 广东环凯生物科技有限公司)。
SOP电子分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司); GTCHP4电磁炉(中山市北球电器有限公司); SW-CJ-2F超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); YXQ-LS-50SⅡ立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅(上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设备厂); CT3-10K质构仪(广州市博勒飞粘度计质构仪技术服务有限公司); 3nh色差仪(深圳市三恩驰科技有限公司); LRH-250A生化培养箱(韶关市泰宏医疗器械有限公司); AFS-10B原子荧光光度计(北京吉天仪器有限公司); iCAP RQplus电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、iCAP 7200电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪[赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; M6微波消解仪(上海屹仪器科技发展有限公司); PEN3型电子鼻(德国Aisense公司)。
熬煮: 选择外皮无霉变, 无虫害, 外观良好, 果肉呈红褐色, 有光泽的酸角。将酸角去皮去核, 加入果肉质量1.5倍的纯水, 于100 ℃水浴加热10 min, 搅拌使其充分溶解, 用一层纱布过滤后得到酸角汁, 备用。
溶糖与溶胶: 按木糖醇质量比加入4倍左右的纯水溶解得到糖液, 称取魔芋粉、卡拉胶粉末放入盛放糖液的容器中, 快速搅拌均匀得胶液, 备用。
混匀与倒模: 称取酸角汁、椰子油放入盛有胶液的容器中, 于100 ℃水浴加热搅拌10 min, 使胶体充分溶胀。趁热倒入模具中, 冷却成型得成品, 备用。
固定椰子油4 g, 酸角汁6 g, 木糖醇10 g, 卡拉胶与魔芋粉的比例为1:1, 考察复合胶粉的添加量为0.5、0.7、0.9、1.1、1.3 g时对感官评分的影响; 固定椰子油4 g, 酸角汁6 g, 木糖醇10 g, 复合胶粉0.9 g, 考察卡拉胶与魔芋粉的比例为1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1 (m:m)时对感官评分的影响; 固定椰子油4 g, 木糖醇10 g, 复合胶粉0.9 g, 卡拉胶与魔芋粉的比例为1:2 (m:m), 考察酸角汁的添加量为2、8、14、20、26 g时对感官评分的影响; 固定木糖醇10 g, 酸角汁8 g, 复合胶粉0.9 g, 卡拉胶与魔芋粉的比例为1:2 (m:m), 考察椰子油添加量为1、3、5、7、9 g时对感官评分的影响; 固定椰子油3 g, 酸角汁8 g, 复合胶粉添加总量为0.9 g, 卡拉胶与魔芋粉的比例为1:2 (m:m), 考察木糖醇添加量为2、6、10、14、18 g时对感官评分的影响。控制低糖酸角椰子油果糕总质量为50 g, 不足部分用纯水补足。
通过单因素实验, 选出胶粉添加量、酸角汁添加量、木糖醇添加量、椰子油添加量作为考察因素, 把低糖酸角椰子油果糕的感官品质综合评分作为指标, 设计L9(34)正交实验, 正交实验因素水平见表1
感官评定参考刘淑敏等[17]、李泽东等[18]制定感官评分表, 采用评分检验法: 对产品进行随机编号, 选10名经过培训的食品质量与安全专业学生作为评价人员, 分别从色泽、组织状态、口感、风味4方面进行评定打分(满分100分), 具体评分标准见表2
参考唐莹等[19]的方法并略微修改。用CT3-10K质构仪, 选用TA5探头, 设置条件为触发点负载4 g, 测试、返回的速度为1 mm/s, 形变量为50%, 循环2次, 平行测定3次。
色泽测定方法参考盛金凤等[20]实验方法, 平行测定3次。
按正交实验得出的最佳配方制作低糖酸角椰子油果糕, 根据GB/T 10782—2021《蜜饯质量通则》对低糖酸角椰子油果糕进行总糖含量的测定; 根据GB 12456—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸测定》中的第一法酸碱指示剂滴定法对低糖酸角椰子油果糕进行总酸含量测定; 氨基酸采用电位滴定法进行测定[21]。根据GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中的第一法对低糖酸角椰子油果糕进行铁、钾、磷、钙、镁含量测定; 根据GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》对低糖酸角椰子油果糕进行大肠菌群的测定; 根据GB 4789.2—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数的测定》对酸角低糖椰子油果糕进行菌落总数的测定; 以上实验平行测定3次。
参考张欣等[22]的方法并略作修改。取15 g果糕放入100 mL的烧杯中, 用保鲜膜封口, 于80 ℃水浴加热30 min, 用电子鼻检测其中的挥发性成分。电子鼻检测的参数设置为清洗时间60 s, 检测时间90 s, 平行测定3次。其中, 按最佳配方制备而成的果糕记为果糕-最佳组; 对照实验组是: 按最佳配方制备但不添加酸角(以纯水代替)组(果糕-椰)和按最佳配方制备但不添加椰子油(以纯水代替)组(果糕-酸)。PEN3型电子鼻的标准传感器信息见表3
本研究所得数据采用Excel 2010、SPSS 26.0、Origin 2022进行处理和分析, 结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。采用Duncan多重检验进行显著性分析, P<0.05表示差异显著。
果糕的质构特性是影响果糕感官评分的重要因素[23]。胶粉的添加量对果糕品质的影响见图1表4。当胶粉添加量为0.5~0.9 g时, 果糕的感官评分呈上升趋势, 且添加0.9 g时评分最高, 胶粉添加量少时, 组织形态差, 成型效果不佳, 添加适量的胶粉, 果糕组织形态均匀, 口感细腻, 软硬适中, 弹性好; 当胶粉添加量为0.9~1.3 g时, 果糕的感官评分呈下降趋势, 随着胶粉添加量增大, 果糕硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性变大, 影响口感, 且凝胶过快影响倒模成型, 与汪莉莉等[24]实验结果相似。因此, 选择0.8、0.9、1.0 g 3个水平进行后续正交实验。
胶凝剂是影响果糕加工性能及成品质量至关重要的因素[25], 而卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例可以明显影响果糕的成型程度。卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例对果糕品质的影响见图2表5。由图2可知, 当卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例为1:3 (m:m)至1:2 (m:m)时, 果糕评分呈上升趋势, 比例为1:3 (m:m)果糕虽然成型但是弹性差, 偏绵软, 入口感觉差; 当卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例为1:2 (m:m)时, 评分最高, 果糕成型完好, 软硬适中, 富有弹性; 当卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例为1:2 (m:m)至3:1 (m:m)时, 果糕评分呈下降趋势, 当卡拉胶与魔芋粉之比逐渐增大时, 果糕的口感则偏向硬脆, 胶着性和咀嚼性增大, 影响评分。魔芋胶与卡拉胶在一定条件下混合可形成以卡拉胶网络结构为主, 魔芋胶穿插其中的结构, 对凝胶结构的形成具有协同增效作用, 可增强凝胶体系的弹性和稳定性[26]。因此, 卡拉胶和魔芋粉按一定比例混合可制成具有良好的弹性和稳定性的果糕, 后续正交实验固定卡拉胶与魔芋粉比例为1:2 (m:m)。
酸角汁的添加量直接影响产品的色泽和风味[18]。酸角汁的添加量对果糕品质的影响见图3表6。当酸角汁添加量在2~8 g之间时, 感官评分呈上升趋势, 亮度L*则呈下降趋势, 添加量为8 g时, 评分最高, 此时果糕酸甜适中, 光泽感良好, 呈黄色且色泽均匀, 组织完整, 酸角的香气浓郁; 当酸角汁添加量在8~26 g之间时, 感官评分和亮度L*呈下降趋势, 添加量为26 g时, 评分最低, 随着酸角汁添加量的增加, 果糕口感偏酸, 颜色变深, 偏棕黄色, 且光泽感变暗。因此选择5、8、11 g 3个水平进行后续的正交实验。
椰子油的添加量不仅可以影响果糕的香气而且可以影响果糕的色泽。椰子油的添加量对果糕品质的影响见图4表7。椰子油添加量在1~3 g之间时, 感官评分呈上升趋势, 添加量为3 g感官评分最高, 此时酸角和椰子油的香气协调浓郁, 果糕的软硬适中, 色泽较好。椰子油添加量在3~9 g之间时, 感官评分呈下降趋势, 随着椰子油添加量的逐渐增加, 椰子油的香气会逐渐变浓郁, 最后会掩盖住酸角的香气, 这样果糕的香气协调性差, 出现油腻感, 且果糕质地绵软, 影响口感[17]。因此, 合适的椰子油添加量也是影响酸角椰子油果糕制作的重要因素之一。选择2、3、4 g 3个水平进行后续正交实验。
木糖醇的添加量可以影响果糕的甜度, 随着木糖醇的逐渐增加, 甜度也逐渐增加[27]。木糖醇的添加量对果糕品质的影响见图5表8。当木糖醇的添加量在2~10 g之间时, 感官评分呈上升趋势, 添加量为10 g时评分最高, 此时果糕甜度适中, 硬度、弹性较好, 果糕的香气协调; 当木糖醇的添加量在10~18 g之间时, 果糕逐渐偏甜腻, 硬度偏大导致口感变差, 而且会掩盖酸角的风味[28], 影响评分。因此, 选择8、10、12 g 3个水平进行后续正交实验。
低糖酸角椰子油果糕的配方正交优化实验结果及极差分析结果如表9所示。4个因素对低糖酸角椰子油果糕的综合评分的影响程度由大到小分别为: B(酸角汁添加量)>A(胶粉添加量)>C(木糖醇添加量)>D(椰子油添加量), 低糖酸角椰子油果糕的配方最佳组合为A1B2C1D3, 最佳配方为: 卡拉胶0.27 g, 魔芋粉0.54 g, 酸角汁8 g, 木糖醇8 g, 椰子油4 g, 感官评分为94.70分。
选取最佳配方, 按照上述生产工艺, 制备低糖酸角椰子油果糕, 测定其理化、微生物指标见表10。测定的低糖酸角椰子油果糕总糖含量为27.18 g/100 g, 低于GB/T 10782—2021参考值75 g/100 g, 属于低糖型果糕; 氨基酸含量为0.25 mg/g, 总酸为0.39 mg/g, 所测微生物指标符合GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》和GB 4789.2—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》要求; 色差值测量为: 代表亮度的L*为46.34、代表红绿的a*为7.13、代表黄蓝的b*为13.27, L*a*b*为正数即分别表示色泽偏白、红、黄, 反之偏暗、绿、蓝[29]; 质构特性是: 硬度为93.33 g, 弹性为2.54 mm, 胶着性79.33 g, 咀嚼性为2.00 mJ。矿物元素含量测定显示果糕钾、磷、钙、镁含量较高, 尤其是钾含量为717.95 mg/kg, 并且磷和钙的比平衡, 接近1:1, 具有一定的营养价值[3]
PEN3电子鼻中的10个金属传感器能分别针对不同气体产生响应信号, 通过响应信号强弱, 即响应值的大小来判定对香气组分的敏感程度[30], 再结合化学计量学等方法和模型, 得到能够反映样品总体气味轮廓的图谱[31]。由电子鼻传感器响应值雷达图(图6)可知, 3组样品传感器响应值均大于1, 较高的主要是W1S、W1W、W2S、W2W传感器, 说明3组样品中的主要香气组分是短链烷烃类、无机硫化物、醇类、醚类、醛类、酮类、芳香成分、有机硫化物等。其中果糕-最佳组W1W、W2W响应值高于另外两组, 说明样品中无机硫化物、芳香成分、有机硫化物含量高于另外两组样品; 而W1S、W2S响应值低于另外两组, 说明短链烷烃类、醇类、醚类、醛类、酮类含量低于另外两组。总而言之, 不同的添加配方会对样品的香气组分产生影响, 香气组分的变化又会形成不同的香气轮廓。
为了更直观地描述样品间的挥发性物质差异, 选取对果糕风味有较大贡献的挥发性物质进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)[32]。由图7可知, 第一主成分PC1的贡献率为79.20%, 第二主成分PC2的贡献率为19.60%, 累积贡献率为98.80%, 贡献率越高, 说明前两个主成分涵盖了果糕的绝大部分信息。总之, 由PCA图可得出, 3组样品无重叠, 有较好的区分度, 表明3组样品存在风味差异, 通过PC1和第PC2主成分可以很好地区分3组样品。因此, 按最佳配方制备的低糖酸角椰子油果糕具有独特的风味。
该研究以酸角、椰子油、木糖醇为主要原料, 卡拉胶、魔芋粉为辅料, 采用单因素、正交实验, 筛选低糖酸角椰子油果糕的最佳配方。对低糖酸角椰子油果糕感官品质的影响因素由大到小依次为: 酸角汁添加量、胶粉添加量、木糖醇添加量、椰子油添加量。获得的最佳配方为: 卡拉胶0.27 g, 魔芋粉0.54 g, 酸角汁8 g, 木糖醇8 g, 椰子油4 g, 按总质量50 g算。按此配方制得的低糖酸角椰子油果糕感官评分94.70分。因此, 利用正交实验对酸角椰子油果糕进行配方优化, 可以获得最佳配方参数, 并对果糕的质构、营养、风味进行测定分析, 研究显示制作出的低糖酸角椰子油果糕营养丰富, 软硬适中, 色泽均一, 风味独特, 符合现代人对绿色、健康、营养的追求。通过本研究的开展, 证明酸角椰子油果糕的开发是合理可行的, 为酸角、椰子油制品的深加工提供参考途径。酸角椰子油果糕研制成功既充分利用了资源, 又丰富了酸角和椰子油制品的种类, 为人们提供了具有一定保健功能的食品, 同时为酸角、椰子油的进一步研究提供了理论基础与数据支持, 具有一定的科研和应用价值。
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFBA035643)
  • 广西中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2022KY0309)
  • 广西中医药大学大学生科研训练课题项目(2023DX27)
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2025年第16卷第14期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241219002
  • 接收时间:2024-12-19
  • 首发时间:2026-01-07
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFBA035643)
广西中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(2022KY0309)
广西中医药大学大学生科研训练课题项目(2023DX27)
作者信息
    1 广西中医药大学, 教学实验实训中心, 南宁 530200
    2 中药学国家级实验教学示范中心(广西中医药大学), 南宁 530200
    3 广西中医药大学药学院, 南宁 530200

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*祁静(1983—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品化学和食品营养学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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