Article(id=1215670314957194177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250403004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767767989148, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767767989148, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767767989148, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767767989148, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215670311140381365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767767988237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767970098618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=64, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215670317985480723, articleId=1215670314957194177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Investigation and analysis of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District of Beijing in 2024, columnId=1215670312151208635, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Safety Risk Monitoring and Assessment in Beijing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District market of Beijing in 2024. Methods This study tested and analyzed 17 kinds of pesticide residues in 262 tea samples by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Results The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District was 96.56%. Especially, the detection rate of chlorfenapyr was the highest (89.31%) and bifenthrin was the second (85.11%). Furthermore, two kinds of prohibited pesticides (methyl parathion and methamidophos) and 2 kinds of restricted pesticides (fenvalerate and ethoprophos) were detected. These 4 kinds of harmful pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limits. In addition, the obsolete pesticide hexachlorobenzene was detected in other 5 samples. The analysis of residue characteristics revealed that 75.57% of the samples had 2-5 kinds of compound residues, of which oolong tea had the most residues. There were 6 tea detected to have excessive pesticide residues. The exceedance rate in descending order was white tea (12.20%), oolong tea (10.77%), dark tea (8.11%), green tea (6.52%), yellow tea (5.88%), black tea (1.79%). There was no significant difference in pesticide detection rate among different markets (P>0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Beijing Tongzhou market is high, and complex pollution is common, but the overall over-standard rate is low (7.63%). The presence of prohibited and restricted pesticides in some samples highlights the need for stricter source control and routine monitoring by relevant authorities to ensure tea quality and safety.

, correspAuthors=Shu-Liang JI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kai LEI, Jian-Guo WANG, Sai FAN, Shao-Lei ZHOU, Fang WANG, Yu-Xia WEI, Shu-Liang JI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1215670319268937846, articleId=1215670314957194177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留调查与分析, columnId=1215670313522746049, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:北京市食品安全风险监测与评估, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 调查分析2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留现状。方法 本研究使用气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)对262份茶叶样品中17种农药残留进行检测分析。结果 通州区市售茶叶中农药残留检出率为96.56%, 其中虫螨腈的检出率最高(89.31%), 联苯菊酯次之(85.11%)。检出甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷2种禁用农药及氰戊菊酯、灭线磷2种限用农药, 4种禁限用农药均存在超标现象。另在5份样品中检出已淘汰农药六氯苯。残留特征分析显示, 75.57%的样品存在2~5种农药复合残留, 其中乌龙茶残留种类最多。6类茶叶超标率由高到低依次为: 白茶(12.20%)、乌龙茶(10.77%)、黑茶(8.11%)、绿茶(6.52%)、黄茶(5.88%)、红茶(1.79%)。不同售卖场所间农药检出率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 北京市通州区市售茶叶农药残留检出率较高, 普遍存在复合污染特征, 但总体超标率较低(7.63%)。部分茶叶存在禁限用农药污染的可能, 有关部门应加强源头管控和日常监测, 保障茶叶质量安全。

, correspAuthors=籍术良, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*籍术良(1983—), 男, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:
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雷凯(1980—), 男, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:

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雷凯(1980—), 男, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:

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Modern Food, 2024, 30(5): 153-159., articleTitle=Investigation and analysis of pesticide residues in tea from southern Shanxi Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215686866603524661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=21, pageStart=158, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=55, authorNames=任春凤, journalName=广州化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任春凤. 茶叶中农药残留的检测及调查分析[J]. 广州化工, 2022, 50(21): 158-164., articleTitle=茶叶中农药残留的检测及调查分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215686866704187962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=21, pageStart=158, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=56, authorNames=REN CF, journalName=Guangzhou Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN CF. 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Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2022, 50(21): 158-164., articleTitle=Study on detection of pesticides residue and metal pollutant in tea, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215686866783879744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=1, issue=8, pageStart=38, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=57, authorNames=管克, 陈建业, 徐淑林, journalName=实验室检测, refType=null, unstructuredReference=管克, 陈建业, 徐淑林, 等. 2022年温州市瓯海区市售茶叶中11种农药残留检测及风险评估[J]. 实验室检测, 2023, 1(8): 38-44., articleTitle=2022年温州市瓯海区市售茶叶中11种农药残留检测及风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215686866880348743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=1, issue=8, pageStart=38, pageEnd=44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=58, authorNames=GUAN K, CHEN JY, XU SL, journalName=Laboratory Testing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUAN K, CHEN JY, XU SL, et al. Detection and risk assessment of 11 kinds of pesticide residues in tea from Ouhai District of Wenzhou City in 2022[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2023, 1(8): 38-44., articleTitle=Detection and risk assessment of 11 kinds of pesticide residues in tea from Ouhai District of Wenzhou City in 2022, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215686849801143119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215686849813726033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, companyId=1215686849801143119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Beijing Tongzhou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 101100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215686849822114642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, companyId=1215686849801143119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215686849968915292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215686849981498206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, companyId=1215686849968915292, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 101113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215686849989886815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, companyId=1215686849968915292, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京市疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101113)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215686854792364134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion chromatogram of 17 kinds of pesticides, figureFileSmall=gcNELeAB2knC4LCgKafMLg==, figureFileBig=yOjRiMO0WVFm8azWAN24PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686854880444529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=图1, caption=17种农药总离子流图

注: 1. 甲胺磷; 2. 丙硫克百威; 3. 灭线磷; 4. 六氯苯; 5. 百菌清; 6. 甲基对硫磷; 7. 杀螟硫磷; 8. 毒死蜱; 9. 水胺硫磷; 10. 腐霉利; 11. 虫螨腈; 12. 联苯菊酯; 13. 甲氰菊酯; 14. 氯氟氰菊酯; 15. 氯氰菊酯; 16. 氟氰戊菊酯; 17. 氰戊菊酯。

, figureFileSmall=gcNELeAB2knC4LCgKafMLg==, figureFileBig=yOjRiMO0WVFm8azWAN24PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686855023050881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Occurrence of 17 kinds of pesticides in 262 samples, figureFileSmall=azpAOxzE40LR7OPFi9Tsew==, figureFileBig=4in3sqJTxxHyWmD1FUPskg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686855119519878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=图2, caption=17种农药在262份样品中的检出情况, figureFileSmall=azpAOxzE40LR7OPFi9Tsew==, figureFileBig=4in3sqJTxxHyWmD1FUPskg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686856369422477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Pesticide residue detection and exceedance rates in tea samples from different sales venues, figureFileSmall=/ZaOHswdD/U2+ul4ojIHVg==, figureFileBig=YyeXpAyugBV646rr9Kv+Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686856478474390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同售卖场所茶叶样品农药残留检出率和超标率, figureFileSmall=/ZaOHswdD/U2+ul4ojIHVg==, figureFileBig=YyeXpAyugBV646rr9Kv+Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686856658829471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Pesticide multi-residue profiles, figureFileSmall=CHdEY1KPuN/qOBBfNHU/Jg==, figureFileBig=LRO8RWHOF+retGzkGmV/RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686856793047208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=图4, caption=农药复合残留情况, figureFileSmall=CHdEY1KPuN/qOBBfNHU/Jg==, figureFileBig=LRO8RWHOF+retGzkGmV/RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215686856902099122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Pesticide residue contamination in tea samples from Tongzhou District, Beijing (n=262)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药种类 茶叶中最大残留量/(mg/kg) 检出件数 检出率/% 超标件数 超标率/% 禁限用情况
甲胺磷 0.05 4 1.53 4 1.53 禁止使用
灭线磷 0.05 8 3.05 8 3.05 禁止用于茶叶
六氯苯 5 1.91 已淘汰
百菌清 10 10 3.82 0 0
甲基对硫磷 0.02 9 3.44 9 3.44 禁止使用
毒死蜱 2 86 32.82 0 0
腐霉利 87 33.21
虫螨腈 20 234 89.31 0 0
联苯菊酯 5 223 85.11 4 1.53
甲氰菊酯 5 100 38.17 0 0
氯氟氰菊酯 15 69 26.34 0 0
氟氰戊菊酯 20 42 16.03 0 0
氯氰菊酯 20 89 33.97 0 0
氰戊菊酯 0.1 11 4.20 8 3.05 禁止用于茶叶
丙硫克百威 0 0
水胺硫磷 0.05 0 0 0 0 禁止用于茶叶
杀螟硫磷 0.5 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1215686857032122558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

北京市通州区市售茶叶农药残留污染情况(n=262)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药种类 茶叶中最大残留量/(mg/kg) 检出件数 检出率/% 超标件数 超标率/% 禁限用情况
甲胺磷 0.05 4 1.53 4 1.53 禁止使用
灭线磷 0.05 8 3.05 8 3.05 禁止用于茶叶
六氯苯 5 1.91 已淘汰
百菌清 10 10 3.82 0 0
甲基对硫磷 0.02 9 3.44 9 3.44 禁止使用
毒死蜱 2 86 32.82 0 0
腐霉利 87 33.21
虫螨腈 20 234 89.31 0 0
联苯菊酯 5 223 85.11 4 1.53
甲氰菊酯 5 100 38.17 0 0
氯氟氰菊酯 15 69 26.34 0 0
氟氰戊菊酯 20 42 16.03 0 0
氯氰菊酯 20 89 33.97 0 0
氰戊菊酯 0.1 11 4.20 8 3.05 禁止用于茶叶
丙硫克百威 0 0
水胺硫磷 0.05 0 0 0 0 禁止用于茶叶
杀螟硫磷 0.5 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1215686857187311814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pesticide residue detection and exceedance rates by tea type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶叶种类 检测件数 检出件数 检出率/% 超标件数 超标率/%
白茶 41 41 100.00 5 12.20
黑茶 37 35 94.59 3 8.11
红茶 56 55 98.21 1 1.79
黄茶 17 16 94.12 1 5.88
绿茶 46 41 89.13 3 6.52
乌龙茶 65 65 100.00 7 10.77
合计 262 253 96.56 20 7.63
), ArticleFig(id=1215686857304752340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同种类茶叶农药残留检出率和超标率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶叶种类 检测件数 检出件数 检出率/% 超标件数 超标率/%
白茶 41 41 100.00 5 12.20
黑茶 37 35 94.59 3 8.11
红茶 56 55 98.21 1 1.79
黄茶 17 16 94.12 1 5.88
绿茶 46 41 89.13 3 6.52
乌龙茶 65 65 100.00 7 10.77
合计 262 253 96.56 20 7.63
), ArticleFig(id=1215686857430581470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection and exceedance of 17 kinds of pesticide residues in different tea types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药种类 白茶(n=41) 黑茶(n=37) 红茶(n=56)
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
甲胺磷 2 4.88 2 4.88 0 0 0 0 1 1.79 1 1.79
灭线磷 1 2.44 1 2.44 3 8.11 3 8.11 0 0 0 0
六氯苯 1 2.44 2 5.41 0 0
百菌清 3 7.32 0 0 1 2.70 0 0 1 1.79 0 0
甲基对硫磷 2 4.88 2 4.88 1 2.70 1 2.70 0 0 0 0
毒死蜱 15 36.59 0 0 18 48.65 0 0 10 17.86 0 0
腐霉利 9 21.95 5 13.51 19 33.93
虫螨腈 41 100 0 0 33 89.19 0 0 51 91.07 0 0
联苯菊酯 35 85.37 1 2.44 31 83.78 0 0 49 87.50 0 0
甲氰菊酯 23 56.10 0 0 12 32.43 0 0 24 42.86 0 0
氯氟氰菊酯 16 39.02 0 0 7 18.92 0 0 18 32.14 0 0
氟氰戊菊酯 5 12.20 0 0 9 24.32 0 0 7 12.50 0 0
氯氰菊酯 15 36.59 0 0 6 16.22 0 0 14 25.00 0 0
氰戊菊酯 3 7.32 1 2.44 1 2.70 1 2.70 0 0 0 0
丙硫克百威 0 0 0 0 0 0
水胺硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
杀螟硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
农药种类 黄茶(n=17) 绿茶(n=46) 乌龙茶(n=65)
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
甲胺磷 1 5.88 1 5.88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
灭线磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6.15 4 6.15
六氯苯 0 0 1 2.17 1 1.54
百菌清 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7.69 0 0
甲基对硫磷 0 0 0 0 1 2.17 1 2.17 5 7.69 5 7.69
毒死蜱 5 29.41 0 0 15 32.61 0 0 23 35.38 0 0
腐霉利 2 11.76 6 13.04 45 69.23
虫螨腈 12 70.59 0 0 39 84.78 0 0 58 89.23 0 0
联苯菊酯 14 82.35 0 0 35 76.09 2 4.35 59 90.77 1 1.54
甲氰菊酯 8 47.06 0 0 16 34.78 0 0 17 26.15 0 0
氯氟氰菊酯 6 35.29 0 0 11 23.91 0 0 11 16.92 0 0
氟氰戊菊酯 0 0 0 0 5 10.87 0 0 16 24.62 0 0
氯氰菊酯 5 29.41 0 0 17 36.96 0 0 32 49.23 0 0
氰戊菊酯 0 0 0 0 2 4.35 1 2.17 5 7.69 5 7.69
丙硫克百威 0 0 0 0 0 0
水胺硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
杀螟硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1215686857581576424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670314957194177, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种类茶叶中17种农药残留检出及超标情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药种类 白茶(n=41) 黑茶(n=37) 红茶(n=56)
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
甲胺磷 2 4.88 2 4.88 0 0 0 0 1 1.79 1 1.79
灭线磷 1 2.44 1 2.44 3 8.11 3 8.11 0 0 0 0
六氯苯 1 2.44 2 5.41 0 0
百菌清 3 7.32 0 0 1 2.70 0 0 1 1.79 0 0
甲基对硫磷 2 4.88 2 4.88 1 2.70 1 2.70 0 0 0 0
毒死蜱 15 36.59 0 0 18 48.65 0 0 10 17.86 0 0
腐霉利 9 21.95 5 13.51 19 33.93
虫螨腈 41 100 0 0 33 89.19 0 0 51 91.07 0 0
联苯菊酯 35 85.37 1 2.44 31 83.78 0 0 49 87.50 0 0
甲氰菊酯 23 56.10 0 0 12 32.43 0 0 24 42.86 0 0
氯氟氰菊酯 16 39.02 0 0 7 18.92 0 0 18 32.14 0 0
氟氰戊菊酯 5 12.20 0 0 9 24.32 0 0 7 12.50 0 0
氯氰菊酯 15 36.59 0 0 6 16.22 0 0 14 25.00 0 0
氰戊菊酯 3 7.32 1 2.44 1 2.70 1 2.70 0 0 0 0
丙硫克百威 0 0 0 0 0 0
水胺硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
杀螟硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
农药种类 黄茶(n=17) 绿茶(n=46) 乌龙茶(n=65)
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
检出
件数
检出率
/%
超标
件数
超标率
/%
甲胺磷 1 5.88 1 5.88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
灭线磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 6.15 4 6.15
六氯苯 0 0 1 2.17 1 1.54
百菌清 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 7.69 0 0
甲基对硫磷 0 0 0 0 1 2.17 1 2.17 5 7.69 5 7.69
毒死蜱 5 29.41 0 0 15 32.61 0 0 23 35.38 0 0
腐霉利 2 11.76 6 13.04 45 69.23
虫螨腈 12 70.59 0 0 39 84.78 0 0 58 89.23 0 0
联苯菊酯 14 82.35 0 0 35 76.09 2 4.35 59 90.77 1 1.54
甲氰菊酯 8 47.06 0 0 16 34.78 0 0 17 26.15 0 0
氯氟氰菊酯 6 35.29 0 0 11 23.91 0 0 11 16.92 0 0
氟氰戊菊酯 0 0 0 0 5 10.87 0 0 16 24.62 0 0
氯氰菊酯 5 29.41 0 0 17 36.96 0 0 32 49.23 0 0
氰戊菊酯 0 0 0 0 2 4.35 1 2.17 5 7.69 5 7.69
丙硫克百威 0 0 0 0 0 0
水胺硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
杀螟硫磷 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留调查与分析
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雷凯 1 , 王建国 1 , 范赛 2 , 周少磊 1 , 王芳 1 , 魏玉霞 1 , 籍术良 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:北京市食品安全风险监测与评估 2025,16(14): 64-71
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:北京市食品安全风险监测与评估 2025, 16(14): 64-71
2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留调查与分析
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雷凯1 , 王建国1, 范赛2, 周少磊1, 王芳1, 魏玉霞1, 籍术良1, *
作者信息
  • 1 北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101100
  • 2 北京市疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101113
  • 雷凯(1980—), 男, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*籍术良(1983—), 男, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:
Investigation and analysis of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District of Beijing in 2024
Kai LEI1 , Jian-Guo WANG1, Sai FAN2, Shao-Lei ZHOU1, Fang WANG1, Yu-Xia WEI1, Shu-Liang JI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Beijing Tongzhou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 101100, China
  • 2 Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 101113, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250403004
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目的 调查分析2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留现状。方法 本研究使用气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)对262份茶叶样品中17种农药残留进行检测分析。结果 通州区市售茶叶中农药残留检出率为96.56%, 其中虫螨腈的检出率最高(89.31%), 联苯菊酯次之(85.11%)。检出甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷2种禁用农药及氰戊菊酯、灭线磷2种限用农药, 4种禁限用农药均存在超标现象。另在5份样品中检出已淘汰农药六氯苯。残留特征分析显示, 75.57%的样品存在2~5种农药复合残留, 其中乌龙茶残留种类最多。6类茶叶超标率由高到低依次为: 白茶(12.20%)、乌龙茶(10.77%)、黑茶(8.11%)、绿茶(6.52%)、黄茶(5.88%)、红茶(1.79%)。不同售卖场所间农药检出率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 北京市通州区市售茶叶农药残留检出率较高, 普遍存在复合污染特征, 但总体超标率较低(7.63%)。部分茶叶存在禁限用农药污染的可能, 有关部门应加强源头管控和日常监测, 保障茶叶质量安全。

茶叶  /  气相色谱-串联质谱法  /  农药残留  /  食品安全

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District market of Beijing in 2024. Methods This study tested and analyzed 17 kinds of pesticide residues in 262 tea samples by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Results The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District was 96.56%. Especially, the detection rate of chlorfenapyr was the highest (89.31%) and bifenthrin was the second (85.11%). Furthermore, two kinds of prohibited pesticides (methyl parathion and methamidophos) and 2 kinds of restricted pesticides (fenvalerate and ethoprophos) were detected. These 4 kinds of harmful pesticides exceeded the maximum residue limits. In addition, the obsolete pesticide hexachlorobenzene was detected in other 5 samples. The analysis of residue characteristics revealed that 75.57% of the samples had 2-5 kinds of compound residues, of which oolong tea had the most residues. There were 6 tea detected to have excessive pesticide residues. The exceedance rate in descending order was white tea (12.20%), oolong tea (10.77%), dark tea (8.11%), green tea (6.52%), yellow tea (5.88%), black tea (1.79%). There was no significant difference in pesticide detection rate among different markets (P>0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of pesticide residues in tea in Beijing Tongzhou market is high, and complex pollution is common, but the overall over-standard rate is low (7.63%). The presence of prohibited and restricted pesticides in some samples highlights the need for stricter source control and routine monitoring by relevant authorities to ensure tea quality and safety.

tea  /  gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  pesticide residues  /  food safety
雷凯, 王建国, 范赛, 周少磊, 王芳, 魏玉霞, 籍术良. 2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中农药残留调查与分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (14) : 64 -71 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250403004
Kai LEI, Jian-Guo WANG, Sai FAN, Shao-Lei ZHOU, Fang WANG, Yu-Xia WEI, Shu-Liang JI. Investigation and analysis of pesticide residues in tea in Tongzhou District of Beijing in 2024[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (14) : 64 -71 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250403004
我国是公认的茶叶大国, 茶园面积位居世界首位, 茶叶总出口量为全球第二, 绿茶出口量全球第一, 在全球茶叶市场中占据重要位置。2024年9月6日起正式实施的GB 31608—2023《食品安全国家标准 茶叶》是我国目前唯一一部茶叶产品的强制性食品安全国家标准, 它规定了茶叶的定义: 茶叶是以茶鲜叶为原料, 采用特定加工工艺, 供人们饮用或食用的产品, 包括绿茶、黄茶、黑茶、白茶、青茶(乌龙茶)、红茶, 及以上述茶叶为原料再加工的花茶、紧压茶、袋泡茶和粉茶; 同时对茶叶的感官要求、农药残留限量、食品添加剂等技术要求也做出了相关规定。标准的出台对规范我国茶叶市场、保证茶叶的食品安全、保护茶叶产业发展起到促进作用。
为避免病虫害对茶叶产量和质量的影响, 目前在种植过程中普遍采用的仍然是使用杀虫剂, 但杀虫剂的滥用和不规范使用不仅会导致茶叶中农药残留超标情况时有出现[1-2], 也可能会使土壤、水体等外部环境被污染从而对动物或者人体造成直接或间接的伤害[3]。近年来, 由于不同国家和地区的农药最大残留限量标准和监管标准不同, 发达国家和地区对进口茶叶因农药残留问题而进行通报的情况时有发生[4], 我国茶叶出口面临着严峻的形势[5-6]。茶叶中农药残留的检测技术一直备受人们关注, 邵林等[7]建立了测定茶叶中有机氯的气相色谱法, 朱颖洁等[8]、郑坤明等[9]、杜鑫等[10]、陈思敏等[11]建立了测定茶叶中农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱法; 吴永慧等[12]、吴汉彬[13]、黄微等[14]、谷瑞丽等[15]、龚小丽等[16]建立了测定茶叶中农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)。完善的检测手段也能保证茶叶中的微量农药残留能被准确检测, 为农药残留污染状况的调研和改善提供充分的数据支持。
有研究表明, 茶叶产品中农药残留污染的情况在我国多个省份和地区均有存在, 如江西省2023年茶叶中26种农药残留检出率为20.6%, 存在多种拟除虫菊酯类农药的联用情况[17]; 青海省2017—2019年茶叶中45种农药残留检出率为41.24%, 占比最高的是拟除虫菊酯类农药[18]; 广西贺州2020—2021年茶叶中检出限用农药水胺硫磷、克百威[19]; 湖南省2021—2022年茶叶中24种农药残留检出率为50.3%, 主要为氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和甲氰菊酯[20]; 浙江松阳县2019—2022年茶叶中噻嗪酮、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和哒螨灵的检出率在37.01%~61.23%之间[21]; 贵州黔东南州2021—2023年11个产茶县的茶叶中农药复合残留的情况比较显著[22]; 重庆地区茶叶中47种农药残留检出率为54.05%[23]; 湖北省2018年市售茶叶[24]、2019—2021年云南省本地产茶叶[25]和2017—2020年广东省本地产茶叶[26]中主要农药残留品种均为联苯菊酯; 2018—2022年深圳市茶叶中农药残留状况调查中总体超标率为3.75%[27]; 2022—2023年陕南地区(汉中、安康、商洛3市)茶叶农药残留检出种类以拟除虫菊酯和有机杂环类农药为主, 同时检出3种禁用农药和4种限用农药[28]; 2017年以来福建地区生产和流通环节的茶叶样品中农药残留整体超标率为3.76%[29]; 浙江温州2022年茶叶中11种农药残留总检出率为71.9%, 检出禁用农药三氯杀螨醇[30]。综合研究情况, 虽然我国各地区茶叶产品中存在不同程度的农药残留污染, 但超标的情况仅为个例, 茶叶质量情况整体上仍然是安全的。
目前关于北京地区市售茶叶中农药残留的调查分析报道较少, 本研究通过对2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶中17种农药残留的污染情况进行调查分析, 为今后在茶叶类别和农药指标方面加强市场监管提供科学依据和数据支持, 并为消费者选购茶叶提供可靠参考。
茶叶样本随机购买于北京市通州区5家超市(42份)、6家品牌茶叶店(89份)、6家综合茶叶店(131份), 共262份, 包括白茶41份, 黑茶37份, 红茶56份, 黄茶17份, 绿茶46份, 乌龙茶65份。
Agilent 7890A-7000B气相色谱串联质谱仪[m/z范围10~1050 u, 分辨率0.7~2.5 Da, 飞克级(10-15)灵敏度](美国安捷伦科技有限公司); SIGMA 3-18K台式高速离心机(德国西格玛公司)。
萃取盐包(4 g MgSO4/1 g NaCl/1 g 柠檬酸钠/0.5 g 柠檬酸氢二钠)(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); 乙腈、丙酮(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); 17种农药标准品(质量浓度100 mg/L, 农业部环境保护科研监测所)。
有机磷类农药6种(甲胺磷、灭线磷、毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷、水胺硫磷、杀螟硫磷), 有机氯类农药2种(六氯苯、百菌清), 拟除虫菊酯类农药6种(联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯), 氨基甲酸酯类农药2种(丙硫克百威、腐霉利), 新型吡咯类化合物1种(虫螨腈)。
采用GC-MS/MS方法测定茶叶样品中17种农药残留。所有样品平行测定, 并抽取10%的样品进行加标回收测定。
检测结果依据GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。
采用R 4.4.3软件进行数据分析。计数资料以检出率(%)表示, 组间比较采用χ²检验。检验水准α=0.05(双侧), 以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
17种农药残留标准样品的总离子流图见图1。262份样品中, 除了丙硫克百威、杀螟硫磷和水胺硫磷外, 其余14种农药均有检出, 检出情况见图2。检出率最高的是虫螨腈(89.31%), 其次是联苯菊酯(85.11%), 甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、腐霉利和毒死蜱的检出率均在30%以上。GB 2763—2021对丙硫克百威、腐霉利在茶叶中的最大残留限量未做出限定, 六氯苯自2009年5月17日起已在我国被禁止生产、流通、使用和进出口, 本研究对上述3种农药残留的超标率不做评价。虽然茶叶中农药残留检出率较高, 但整体的超标率并不高。值得注意的是, 根据农业农村部农药管理司《禁限用农药名录》(2019)的规定, 甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷属于禁用农药, 氰戊菊酯、灭线磷属于禁止在茶叶上使用的限用农药, 这4种禁限用农药和六氯苯在本研究中均有检出且存在超标的情况。详见表1
茶叶样品中检出1种及以上农药残留即为检出, 262份样品中有253份检出了不同种类的农药残留, 样品总检出率为96.56%, 农药残留情况在各种茶叶中普遍存在, 其中白茶和乌龙茶的检出率均为100.00%。虫螨腈和联苯菊酯在不同种类的茶叶样品中都有较高的检出率, 甲胺磷、灭线磷、甲基对硫磷、氰戊菊酯这4种禁限用农药在6种茶叶样品中都有不同程度的检出, 并且前3者的检出含量都超过了最大残留限量标准。另外已淘汰的六氯苯在白茶、黑茶、绿茶和乌龙茶样品中也有检出。样本总体超标率(7.63%)水平较低, 白茶、乌龙茶的超标率相对较高(分别为12.20%、10.77%), 红茶的超标率最低(1.79%), 超标的农药种类主要集中在禁限用农药。在允许使用的农药种类中, 262份样品只有4份样品(1份白茶, 1份乌龙茶, 2份绿茶)出现了联苯菊酯超标的情况。不同种类茶叶中农药残留检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.635, P<0.05)。检出率和超标率如表2所示, 17种农药具体检出情况见表3
不同售卖场所茶叶农药残留检出率均大于92%, 差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.48, P>0.05), 说明通州区茶叶市场普遍存在农药残留检出率较高的情况。见图3
检测结果显示6.49%的样品检出1种农药残留, 75.57%的样品检出2~5种农药, 14.50%的样品检出6种及以上农药残留。乌龙茶中检出的农药种类最多, 2份乌龙茶样品中检出的农药种类达到12种。检出情况见图4。结果表明多种农药混用的情况在茶叶生产过程中比较常见。
进一步分析发现, 由于产地、种植和采摘要求的区别, 不同种类茶叶中的农药残留有所差异。乌龙茶的残留主要是虫螨腈、联苯菊酯、腐霉利、毒死蜱; 绿茶、黑茶的残留主要是虫螨腈、联苯菊酯、毒死蜱; 黄茶、红茶的残留主要是虫螨腈、联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯; 白茶的残留主要是虫螨腈、联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、毒死蜱。
本研究结果显示, 2024年北京市通州区6种市售茶叶中农药残留整体检出率为96.56%, 超标率为7.63%, 总体合格率较高。白茶和乌龙茶的检出率均达到100.00%, 超标率位于6种茶叶样品中的第一和第二, 分别为12.20%、10.77%。绿茶的检出率最低, 为89.13%。262份样品中检出的农药种类为12种, 其中检出率最高的是虫螨腈和联苯菊酯, 虫螨腈未有超标样品, 4份样品中联苯菊酯的含量超出最大限量残留标准。通过对近年我国不同地区茶叶中农药残留污染情况文献报道的比较[17-25], 拟除虫菊酯类农药尤其是联苯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯在我国茶叶种植过程中被广泛使用, 检出率相对较高, 本研究中拟除虫菊酯类农药的检出情况与此结果相符。虫螨腈属于一种新型的吡咯类杀虫、杀螨、杀线虫剂, 是无公害农产品病虫防治的推荐农药品种, 已在多个国家登记, 广泛应用于果树、茶树、蔬菜、棉花等农作物。传统农药如有机磷、拟除虫菊酯的长期使用会使主要茶树害虫产生抗药性, 而虫螨腈等新型农药具有区别于传统农药的作用机制, 能更有效地防治抗性种群。新型农药大多具有广谱性, 能对多种茶树害虫进行有效防治, 减少了多种农药混用的需求, 而且新型农药用量少, 起效快, 效果好, 能减少施用频次, 也能降低茶农的人工成本。随着农药管理政策和国际贸易中残留限量标准的日趋严格, 高毒性高残留的农药逐渐被禁用, 虫螨腈等新型农药显然更符合“高效低毒低残留”的政策导向。今后的茶叶市场监管中应将虫螨腈等新型农药和目前广泛使用的拟除虫菊酯类农药列为重点监测指标。腐霉利的检出率为33.21%, 但GB 2763—2021未对其在茶叶中的使用限量做出规定, 因此相关部门有必要对腐霉利在茶叶中的使用进行安全性评价并制定相应的限量标准。
样品中检出的农药品种还包括2种禁用农药(甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷)、2种限用农药(氰戊菊酯、灭线磷), 且均出现了超标情况, 另外自2009年已被淘汰的六氯苯也有检出。近年来茶叶中检出禁限用农药屡见报道, 如沈欢等[19]在2020—2021年广西贺州茶叶中检出水胺硫磷、克百威; 张婷等[25]在2019—021年云南省本地产茶叶中检出氰戊菊酯; 朱盼等[26]在2017—2020年广东省本地产茶叶中检出三氯杀螨醇、硫丹、氰戊菊酯; 黄微等[28]在2022—2023年陕南地区(汉中、安康、商洛3市)茶叶中检出六六六、滴滴涕、三氯杀螨醇、氰戊菊酯、水胺硫磷、氧化乐果、乐果; 任春凤[29]在2017年以来福建地区生产和流通环节的茶叶样品中检出三氯杀螨醇、硫丹、氰戊菊酯、水胺硫磷; 管克等[30]在2022年浙江温州茶叶中检出三氯杀螨醇。禁限用农药的检出可能是由于水体、土壤等外部环境的污染残留迁移到茶叶中导致, 也可能是因为茶园经营成本等经济利益驱动。另外, 监管难度大、使用新型农药存在技术门槛、老茶农的认知误区等原因都可能导致禁限用农药的小范围使用。这些情况不仅提示茶园应严格遵守禁限用农药的使用规定并注意生态环境可能带来的污染, 也督促政府相关部门应提升检测技术, 加强对茶园种植生产过程中的监管, 建立相应的惩戒机制, 同时积极利用经济杠杆降低茶园经营成本, 并提供技术支持, 指导茶农规范用药, 不得违规使用禁限用农药。
农药复合残留的情况比较明显, 90.08%的茶叶检出2种及以上的农药残留, 主要集中在2~5种, 占比为75.57%。GB 2763—2021仅对单种农药做出了限量规定, 因此复合残留污染的情况应引起更多的关注, 在制定相关卫生标准的时候应考虑到复合残留污染对人体带来的健康风险。
综上所述, 2024年北京市通州区市售茶叶农药残留检出率较高, 存在禁限用农药超标和农药复合残留的情况, 白茶和乌龙茶的检出率和超标率相对较高。建议茶叶种植和生产企业要严格遵循规定, 合理使用农药; 政府相关部门应严格准入标准, 加强日常监管, 落实相关法律法规, 完善相关限量标准。多方努力共同保证消费者的权益和茶叶市场整体安全。
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2025年第16卷第14期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250403004
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-01-07
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
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    1 北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101100
    2 北京市疾病预防控制中心, 北京 101113

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*籍术良(1983—), 男, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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