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Article(id=1215670312058933945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250325001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1742832000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767767988457, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767767988457, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767767988457, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767767988457, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215670311140381365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767767988237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767970098618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1216518023599538607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1215670311140381365, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=189, endPage=194, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215670313979925190, articleId=1215670312058933945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Acute toxicology test of Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage on mice, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the safety of a composite beverage made from Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage. Methods Using the Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage as the study subject, based on preliminary experiments and related research, the dose was set at 10000 mg/(kg·bw). The classical limit method was employed, with healthy ICR mice selected as the experimental model, and the test substance was administered via oral gavage. The experiment strictly adhered to animal ethics and welfare principles, with precise control of environmental conditions including temperature, humidity and light cycles to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. Results After administration of the test substance, no signs of toxicity were observed in any of the ICR mice throughout the observation period. Their behavioral activity remained normal, with glossy fur and vigorous spirits. Regular precise measurements of mouse body weight showed no significant abnormalities in growth trends, and no deaths occurred. Statistical analysis revealed that the acute oral toxicity median lethal dose (LD50) values for both male and female ICR mice were greater than 10000 mg/(kg·bw), with 95% confidence intervals also exceeding 10000 mg/(kg·bw). Conclusion Based on international acute toxicity dose classification standards, the Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage is classified as practically non-toxic. This indicates that under the experimental conditions of this study, the acute oral intake safety of this composite beverage is high, providing critical safety data support for subsequent product development and market promotion.

, correspAuthors=Hui-Ming ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ze-Qin PENG, Yu-Ying BAI, Yuan-Ai ZHU, Zhao ZHENG, Xin-Yu PU, Hui-Ming ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1215670314332246732, articleId=1215670312058933945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对小鼠的急性毒性研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 评估白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料的安全性。方法 以白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料为研究对象, 基于前期预实验及相关研究, 将剂量设定为10000 mg/(kg·bw), 采用经典限量法, 选用健康的ICR小鼠作为实验模型, 经口灌胃给予受试物。实验严格遵循动物伦理与福利原则, 精确控制饲养环境的温度、湿度及光照周期, 以保障数据的准确可靠。结果 给予受试物后, 整个观察期内, 所有ICR小鼠均未出现中毒症状, 行为活动正常, 毛色光泽、精神饱满。定期精确测量小鼠体重, 增长趋势无明显异常, 且无死亡个体。经统计学分析, 该饮料对雄性和雌性ICR小鼠急性经口毒性的半数致死量(median lethal dose, LD50)值均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw), 95%可信限同样均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw)。结论 依据国际急性毒性剂量分级标准判定, 白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料属实际无毒级。这表明在本次实验条件下, 该复合饮料急性经口摄入安全性高, 为后续产品开发与市场推广提供了关键的安全性数据支撑。

, correspAuthors=周会明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*周会明(1984—), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食用菌驯化、遗传及栽培研究。E-mail:
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彭泽琴(1979—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学。E-mail:

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彭泽琴(1979—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学。E-mail:

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彭泽琴(1979—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学。E-mail:

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Basic informations on test animals and feed

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名称 提供单位 生产许可证号 合格证编号 使用许可证号
ICR小鼠 南京医科大学 SCXK(苏)2021-0001 202274116 SYXK(苏)2020-0006
辐照鼠用灭菌饲料 江苏省协同医药生物工程有限责任公司 苏饲证(2019)01008 无 无
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试验动物及饲料基本信息

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名称 提供单位 生产许可证号 合格证编号 使用许可证号
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辐照鼠用灭菌饲料 江苏省协同医药生物工程有限责任公司 苏饲证(2019)01008 无 无
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Observation items of poisoning performance in experimental animals

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器官系统 观察及检查项目 中毒后一般表现
中枢神经系统及神经肌肉系统 动作行为 体位异常、叫声异常、不安或呆滞、反复抓挠口周、反复梳理、转圈、痉挛、麻痹、震颤、运动失调、倒退行步或自残
各种刺激反应 易兴奋、知觉过敏或缺乏知觉
大脑和脊髓反射 减弱或消失
肌肉张力 强直、弛缓
自主神经系统 瞳孔大小 扩张或缩小
分泌 流延、流泪
呼吸系统 鼻孔 流液、鼻翼扇动
呼吸性质和速率 深缓、过速
心血管系统 心区触诊 心动过缓、心律不齐、心跳过强或过弱
消化系统 腹形 气胀或收缩、腹泻或便秘
粪便硬度和颜色 粪便不成形、黑色或灰色
泌尿生殖系统 阴道、乳腺 膨胀
阴茎 脱垂
会阴部 污秽、有分泌物
皮肤和被毛 颜色、张力 发红、皱褶、松弛、皮疹血
完整性 竖毛
黏膜 黏膜 流黏液、充血、出血性发绀、苍白
口腔 溃疡
眼 眼睑 上睑下垂
眼球 眼球突出或震颤、结膜充血、角膜混浊
透明度 混浊
其他 直肠或皮肤温度 降低或升高
一般情况 消瘦
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试验动物中毒表现观察项目

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器官系统 观察及检查项目 中毒后一般表现
中枢神经系统及神经肌肉系统 动作行为 体位异常、叫声异常、不安或呆滞、反复抓挠口周、反复梳理、转圈、痉挛、麻痹、震颤、运动失调、倒退行步或自残
各种刺激反应 易兴奋、知觉过敏或缺乏知觉
大脑和脊髓反射 减弱或消失
肌肉张力 强直、弛缓
自主神经系统 瞳孔大小 扩张或缩小
分泌 流延、流泪
呼吸系统 鼻孔 流液、鼻翼扇动
呼吸性质和速率 深缓、过速
心血管系统 心区触诊 心动过缓、心律不齐、心跳过强或过弱
消化系统 腹形 气胀或收缩、腹泻或便秘
粪便硬度和颜色 粪便不成形、黑色或灰色
泌尿生殖系统 阴道、乳腺 膨胀
阴茎 脱垂
会阴部 污秽、有分泌物
皮肤和被毛 颜色、张力 发红、皱褶、松弛、皮疹血
完整性 竖毛
黏膜 黏膜 流黏液、充血、出血性发绀、苍白
口腔 溃疡
眼 眼睑 上睑下垂
眼球 眼球突出或震颤、结膜充血、角膜混浊
透明度 混浊
其他 直肠或皮肤温度 降低或升高
一般情况 消瘦
), ArticleFig(id=1215670318774014882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1215670312058933945, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of oral administration of Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage on the body weight of mice

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剂量/[mg/(kg·bw)] 性别 数量
/只		 体重/g
0 d 7 d 14 d
10000 雌 10 19.1±0.7 23.5±1.2 28.6±1.7
10000 雄 10 20.0±0.9 25.3±0.8 31.0±1.1
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经口给予白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对小鼠体重的影响

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剂量/[mg/(kg·bw)] 性别 数量
/只		 体重/g
0 d 7 d 14 d
10000 雌 10 19.1±0.7 23.5±1.2 28.6±1.7
10000 雄 10 20.0±0.9 25.3±0.8 31.0±1.1
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Acute toxicity (LD50) dose classification table

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级别 口服LD50
/[mg/(kg·bw)]		 相当于人的半致死量
mg/(kg·bw) g/人
极毒 <1 稍尝 0.05
剧毒 1~50 500~4000 0.5
中等毒 51~500 4000~30000 5
低毒 501~5000 30000~250000 50
实际无毒 >5000 250000~500000 500
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急性毒性(LD50)剂量分级表

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级别 口服LD50
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mg/(kg·bw) g/人
极毒 <1 稍尝 0.05
剧毒 1~50 500~4000 0.5
中等毒 51~500 4000~30000 5
低毒 501~5000 30000~250000 50
实际无毒 >5000 250000~500000 500
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白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对小鼠的急性毒性研究
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彭泽琴 , 白玉英 , 朱远爱 , 郑昭 , 普馨语 , 周会明 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(14): 189-194
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(14): 189-194
白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对小鼠的急性毒性研究
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彭泽琴 , 白玉英, 朱远爱, 郑昭, 普馨语, 周会明*
作者信息
  • 滇西科技师范学院生物技术与工程学院, 临沧 677000

    • 彭泽琴(1979—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*周会明(1984—), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食用菌驯化、遗传及栽培研究。E-mail:
Acute toxicology test of Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage on mice
Ze-Qin PENG , Yu-Ying BAI, Yuan-Ai ZHU, Zhao ZHENG, Xin-Yu PU, Hui-Ming ZHOU*
Affiliations
  • College of Biotechnology and Engineering, Western Yunnan University, Lincang 677000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250325001
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摘要
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目的 评估白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料的安全性。方法 以白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料为研究对象, 基于前期预实验及相关研究, 将剂量设定为10000 mg/(kg·bw), 采用经典限量法, 选用健康的ICR小鼠作为实验模型, 经口灌胃给予受试物。实验严格遵循动物伦理与福利原则, 精确控制饲养环境的温度、湿度及光照周期, 以保障数据的准确可靠。结果 给予受试物后, 整个观察期内, 所有ICR小鼠均未出现中毒症状, 行为活动正常, 毛色光泽、精神饱满。定期精确测量小鼠体重, 增长趋势无明显异常, 且无死亡个体。经统计学分析, 该饮料对雄性和雌性ICR小鼠急性经口毒性的半数致死量(median lethal dose, LD50)值均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw), 95%可信限同样均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw)。结论 依据国际急性毒性剂量分级标准判定, 白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料属实际无毒级。这表明在本次实验条件下, 该复合饮料急性经口摄入安全性高, 为后续产品开发与市场推广提供了关键的安全性数据支撑。

白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料  /  急性经口毒性  /  半数致死量

Objective To evaluate the safety of a composite beverage made from Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage. Methods Using the Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage as the study subject, based on preliminary experiments and related research, the dose was set at 10000 mg/(kg·bw). The classical limit method was employed, with healthy ICR mice selected as the experimental model, and the test substance was administered via oral gavage. The experiment strictly adhered to animal ethics and welfare principles, with precise control of environmental conditions including temperature, humidity and light cycles to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. Results After administration of the test substance, no signs of toxicity were observed in any of the ICR mice throughout the observation period. Their behavioral activity remained normal, with glossy fur and vigorous spirits. Regular precise measurements of mouse body weight showed no significant abnormalities in growth trends, and no deaths occurred. Statistical analysis revealed that the acute oral toxicity median lethal dose (LD50) values for both male and female ICR mice were greater than 10000 mg/(kg·bw), with 95% confidence intervals also exceeding 10000 mg/(kg·bw). Conclusion Based on international acute toxicity dose classification standards, the Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage is classified as practically non-toxic. This indicates that under the experimental conditions of this study, the acute oral intake safety of this composite beverage is high, providing critical safety data support for subsequent product development and market promotion.

Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage  /  acute oral toxicity  /  median lethal dose
彭泽琴, 白玉英, 朱远爱, 郑昭, 普馨语, 周会明. 白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对小鼠的急性毒性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (14) : 189 -194 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250325001
Ze-Qin PENG, Yu-Ying BAI, Yuan-Ai ZHU, Zhao ZHENG, Xin-Yu PU, Hui-Ming ZHOU. Acute toxicology test of Ganoderma leucocontextum fermented Pu-erh tea compound beverage on mice[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (14) : 189 -194 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250325001
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0 引言
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白灵芝(Ganoderma leucocontextum), 又称为白肉灵芝、藏灵芝、藏白灵芝, 是我国西南地区灵芝属的重要种类之一[1-2], 对治疗高血脂、心血管疾病、急慢性肝炎、冠心病、动脉硬化、气管炎以及各种癌症等都具有很高的药用价值[3-8], 研究发现其提物对脂多糖所致的神经元损伤有一定的保护作用[9], 其甲醇提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性且高于紫芝[10]。该菇有保护皮肤及延缓皮肤衰老作用, 并且能改善睡眠、祛风除湿、排毒养颜、提高人体免疫力等功效[11-12]。白灵芝作为一种药食同源真菌, 因其广泛的药理作用而被众多消费者所青睐, 针对其功能性产品的安全性检测对该菇的推广应用具有重要的实际意义。
普洱茶分为普洱熟茶和普洱生茶[13], 主要产于云南省普洱市、临沧市、西双版纳州和文山州, 其含有丰富的有机物和矿质元素, 具有降血糖、降血脂、抗肿瘤、抗炎、提高免疫力等作用, 且普洱熟茶的降脂减肥作用强于同批原料加工制成的普洱生茶[14-17]。随着人们健康意识的不断提升, 且疾病防治模式从以往单纯的治疗模式, 逐步转变为预防、治疗、保健与康复相结合的综合模式, 在此背景下, 普洱茶日益受到消费者的青睐。
目前, 具有双重功效的灵芝茶饮料的开发利用正成为学科交融的研究热点。已有将灵芝与茶为原料制成饮料的报道[18], 然而, 其复合饮料均是以茶叶和灵芝为主要原料调配而成, 并未以茶叶为发酵液, 接入灵芝菌种进行混合发酵培养, 让茶叶与灵芝充分降解、吸收和利用, 更未对灵芝茶饮料进行安全性检测。当前研究表明, 单独的白灵芝与普洱茶均未呈现毒性特征[19-22]。但二者混合后是否产生毒性, 有待深入探究, 需借助系统毒理学研究判定。截至目前, 国内针对白灵芝茶饮料食用安全性的毒理学研究报道较少。鉴于食用安全性是评价白灵芝茶饮料食用价值的关键, 对以白灵芝和普洱茶为主要原料, 经液体发酵混培养, 再与蜂蜜、海藻酸钠、柠檬汁按比例调配而成的复合原料开展毒理学研究十分必要。已知文献显示, 白灵芝与普洱茶属实际无毒级[23-26], 可作饮料开发原料。本研究以白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料为对象, 采用限量法进行小鼠急性经口毒性试验, 测定小鼠外部形态、体重变化及死亡情况等参数, 旨在为该饮料的开发利用与饮用安全提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 材料、试剂与仪器
白灵芝菌种由云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所提供, 滇西科技师范学院生物技术与工程学院食用菌组保存(编号: 灵5)。普洱熟茶购自新购食品专营店, 云南省勐海茶区, 散茶, 生产许可证编号为SC11453011144781。马铃薯、普洱熟茶粉、蜂蜜、柠檬汁均为市售。
葡萄糖、海藻酸钠(食品级, 北京菜宝科技有限公司); 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar, PDA)培养基(实验室自制)。
LS-75H型立式压力蒸汽灭菌器(江阴滨江医疗设备有限公司); DHP-9602电热恒温培养箱、GZX-9240 MBE数显鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); TS-2102恒温摇床(上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司); SW-CJ-1F洁净工作台(上海笃特科学仪器有限公司)。
1.2 试验动物
根据检测标准中的限量法试验动物要求[27-29], 年龄相近、生长情况相似、个体间体重18.1~21.5 g、健康且雌性小鼠未交配过、未妊娠的SPF级ICR小鼠, 雌、雄各10只, 共20只。每组试验动物按性别分笼饲养, 每组10只, 每笼5只。所有动物试验前适应环境5 d, 自由饮水、摄食; 试验动物在屏障环境中饲养, 其环境相对湿度为40%~70%, 温度为20~26 ℃。进行试验之前, 所有试验动物需禁食4 h。试验动物及饲料基本信息见表1。
1.3 试验方法
1.3.1 饮料制作工艺流程
白灵芝菌种→接入PDA培养基→培养(25 ℃下, 静置培养5~7 d)→转接到PDA平板→培养(25 ℃下, 静置培养5~7 d)→备用。普洱熟茶→粉碎→200目网筛过滤→液体培养基的制备(马铃薯25 g、葡萄糖20 g、普洱熟茶粉10 g)→分装(250 mL三角瓶)→接种(超净工作台内接入活化的白灵芝菌种)→封装、标号→液体发酵培养(无菌恒温培养箱, 25 ℃、121 r/min)→过滤→勾兑(蜂蜜、柠檬汁、海藻酸钠)→巴氏灭菌(75 ℃恒温水浴锅, 巴氏灭菌30 min)。
1.3.2 试验方法
在进行毒性试验之前, 通过对该受试物原料物质的了解以及已知相关文献资料的检索与查阅对该饮料进行毒性估测, 根据对该受试物的毒性预测以及综合考虑, 本研究采用食品安全国家标准急性经口毒性试验中的限量法。限量法一般选用20只啮齿类动物(大鼠或小鼠), 雌、雄各半, 在合理的最大染毒浓度及染毒容量的前提下, 以允许的最大剂量单次染毒或24 h内多次染毒后, 连续14 d观察动物出现的反应[15]。根据观察期内动物的死亡情况, 判断该受试物对该试验动物的急性毒性耐受剂量, 若观察期内没有动物死亡, 则认为该受试物对该试验动物的急性毒性耐受剂量大于给予的剂量, 其半数致死量(median lethal dose, LD50)大于该数值, 则可不再进行多个剂量的急性经口毒性试验。如果出现动物死亡情况, 则需选用其他方法进行检测。检测单位: 江苏南京医科大学卫生检测中心。
1.3.3 剂量选择与受试物给予方式
根据检测标准中的限量法剂量设计要求, 设定剂量为10000 mg/(kg·bw)。取白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料10 g后加纯化水至20 mL, 配制成500 mg/mL。试验前, 所有试验动物禁食4 h, 按20 mL/(kg·bw)经口灌胃1次, 雌、雄各10只。观察记录14 d内试验动物的中毒表现、症状的持续时间、恢复时间以及死亡数, 未死亡的试验动物进行每周称重。
1.3.4 观察指标
试验期间需每天观察一次, 重点观察皮肤、被毛、粪便硬度和颜色、眼睛、黏膜、四肢活动、行为方式、呼吸、心血管、消化、中枢神经系统的改变。特别要注意有无震颤、腹泻、呆滞、嗜睡、惊厥、流涎和昏迷等现象。观察项目及中毒后的一般表现见表2。还应特别注意观察记录每种症状发生的时间、发展的过程、中毒症状的表现程度、死亡前特征、死亡时间以及试验动物死亡时间的分布情况等。试验未死亡小鼠进行每周称重。观察期结束后对所有试验动物进行大体解剖检查, 并详细观察记录各组织和器官的外观、形态、色泽、位置和质地等是否发生肉眼可见的病理学变化以及各组织器官之间是否有黏连情况、是否有体液堆积等。主要检查的器官有肾脏、肝脏、胸腺、心脏、脾脏和胃等。若对小鼠的大体解剖检查未出现任何病理性变化, 则无需再进行组织病理学检查。
1.4 数据处理
试验数据采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计处理, 结果用平均数±标准偏差表示, P<0.05为显著差异。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 小鼠外部形态
在为期14 d的急性毒性试验中, 试验小鼠未见任何中毒和异常现象, 各组小鼠均未出现行动迟缓, 食欲不振, 精神低迷, 闭目静卧, 活动量减少, 瞳孔扩张或缩小, 流涎, 鼻孔流液, 粪便不成形及颜色变黑, 腹形气胀或收缩, 皮肤及毛色异常, 黏膜充血、苍白、流黏液, 眼部上睑下垂、结膜充血、眼球突出、角膜混浊等中毒症状。各组小鼠饮食正常、生长良好、活动正常, 无任何中毒和异常情况。
2.2 体重测定结果
经口给予ICR小鼠白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料10000 mg/(kg· bw)后, 在为期14 d的急性毒理试验中, 观察小鼠体重变化结果如表3所示。由表3可知, 雌、雄两组试验小鼠的体重均呈上升的趋势。雌性小鼠组的体重增长较雄性小鼠组缓慢, 且幅度较大, 整体稳定性比雄性小鼠组差。随着时间的延长雌性小鼠组的体重增长变化越大, 但雌、雄两组小鼠的体重整体上均呈上升趋势, 且体重增长无明显异常。
2.3 小鼠死亡情况
经口给予ICR小鼠白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料10000 mg/(kg· bw)后, 在为期14 d的急性毒理试验中, 所有试验动物均未出现死亡情况。说明小鼠的最大耐受剂量超过该灌胃的剂量10000 mg/(kg·bw)。
2.4 大体解剖病理学检查
观察期结束后, 对所有试验动物进行大体解剖检查, 肉眼观察未见明显病理性异常。主要表现在肝、脾、胃、肾、十二指肠、卵巢、睾丸、肺、胸腺、心脏和肾上腺等的外观、形态、色泽、位置和质地均无异常; 小鼠腹腔、胸腔及心包无体液残留, 且未出现颜色和透明度异常; 脏器表面及消化管内膜未出现水肿、充血、瘀血、溃疡等现象; 脏器间无黏连情况。故白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料未对小鼠的组织器官引起损害性改变。故无需再进行组织病理学检查。
2.5 白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料的毒性级别
通过试验求得该白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对雌、雄小鼠的急性经口LD50均>10000 mg/(kg·bw), 95%可信限雄、雌均>10000 mg/(kg·bw)。故根据急性毒性剂量分级标准(表4)可以看出, 该白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料属实际无毒级。
3 讨论
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白灵芝作为一种药食同源真菌, 具有祛风除湿、健脾补肾、治疗高血脂、治疗心血管疾病等功效[30], 普洱茶具有降血糖、降血脂、促进新陈代谢、减肥等功效[31]。基于二者功效, 以白灵芝和普洱茶为主要原料制成的白灵芝茶饮料, 有望在保健方面展现出更为显著的效果, 因此开展其在保健品领域的应用研究, 无疑具有重要的社会与经济价值。
过往多项研究为本次实验提供了有力参考。潘俊等[32]针对云南不同产地白灵芝展开安全性评价, 以白灵芝提取物为受试物, 对小鼠进行急性和亚急性毒性试验, 证实白灵芝属实际无毒级。涂青等[33]以绿茶作为对照, 普洱茶为试验组, 结果表明普洱茶急性毒性较低, 基本处于无毒范围, 且配方普洱茶与普洱茶均符合饮用安全标准。李从扬等[34]选取云南西双版纳具有代表性的普洱茶生茶、熟茶作为研究样本, 发现长期科学饮用普洱茶, 不会导致消费者血常规指标改变, 各项血液指标均在正常范围内, 充分说明普洱茶的饮用安全性。马伟光等[35]以标准普洱茶为对照组, 灵芝普洱茶为试验组, 进行急性毒理试验, 结果证明灵芝普洱茶具有较高的食用安全性, 属于实际无毒。
本研究通过经口灌胃小鼠白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料后, 得出白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对雌、雄小鼠的急性经口LD50均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw), 95%可信限雄、雌均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw)。急性经口毒性试验显示, 白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对雌、雄小鼠均无明显毒副作用, 主要表现在各组小鼠饮食正常、活动正常、生长发育良好, 体重增长无明显异常, 试验期间无动物死亡, 观察期结束对所有试验动物进行大体解剖也未见任何肉眼可见的病理性变化。故而表明该白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合料属实际无毒级, 可以放心饮用, 具有较好的开发利用前景。
然而, 仅凭本研究的毒理学指标检测, 对于全面评价白灵芝发酵普洱茶复方饮料的食用安全性仍显不足。为获取更为全面、客观的安全性评价, 还需进一步开展慢性毒性、遗传毒性和致癌试验。同时, 白灵芝产区差异、普洱熟茶发酵条件以及生产批次等因素, 均可能对产品安全性产生影响, 在后续研究中需加以考量。此外, 不同种属动物对受试物的反应存在差异, 因此有必要在多种动物间进行相关试验, 以确保评价结果的科学性与可靠性。
4 结论
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本研究在白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料安全性的研究中, 给予受试物后的整个观察期内, 所有参与实验的 ICR 小鼠均未呈现中毒症状。小鼠们行为活动保持正常, 毛色光泽鲜亮, 精神状态饱满, 定期精确测量体重的结果显示增长趋势平稳, 且无任何死亡个体出现。经严谨的统计学分析, 该饮料对雄性和雌性 ICR 小鼠急性经口毒性的LD50值均大于10000 mg/(kg·bw), 95%可信限同样大于10000 mg/(kg·bw)。依据国际急性毒性剂量分级标准判定, 白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料属于实际无毒级。这一结果明确表明, 在本次实验所设定的条件下, 该复合饮料急性经口摄入具备较高的安全性, 为后续产品开发与市场推广提供了关键的安全性数据支撑。由此可见, 本研究充分证明白灵芝发酵普洱茶复合饮料对雌、雄小鼠均无明显毒副作用, 确实属于实际无毒级, 在产品开发利用方面展现出良好的前景, 消费者可相对放心地饮用。
基金
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  • 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(云教发〔2024〕6号2024J1112)
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2025年第16卷第14期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250325001
  • 接收时间：2025-03-25
  • 首发时间：2026-01-07
  • 出版时间：2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-25
基金
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(云教发〔2024〕6号2024J1112)
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    滇西科技师范学院生物技术与工程学院, 临沧 677000

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*周会明(1984—), 男, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食用菌驯化、遗传及栽培研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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