Article(id=1154123975920702388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241011002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728576000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753094198446, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753094198446, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753094198446, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753094198446, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986709126635984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061471492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760345674980, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=318, endPage=324, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1154123976293995445, articleId=1154123975920702388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research on heavy metal and toxicity testing and edible safety of cultivated Monostromanitdum on the coast of Naozhou Island, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the edible safety of marine aquaculture Monostromanitdum along the coast of Naozhou Island. Methods Using 4 kinds of different collection times of Monostromanitdum as research objects, microwave digestion, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the content of 5 kinds of heavy metals, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd, in Monostromanitdum samples, and microbial indicators were determined. Using acute oral toxicity experiments on mice, the food safety of Monostromanitdum was evaluated by analyzing indicators such as drinking water, diet, body weight, organ coefficient, mortality rate, and appearance of mice. Results The content of Cr, As, Pb, and Hg in the sample far exceeded the food safety content specified by the national standard, with the maximum being 29.20, 12.12, 3.59 and 3.70 times the limit values, respectively. The total number of bacterial colonies in the samples exceeded 50 CFU/g. The mice in the group administered with Monostromanitdum by gavage showed signs of death, with organ coefficients increasing in all organs except for the liver, and the appearance changes consistent with heavy metal poisoning. Conclusion There are safety risks associated with consuming unprocessed Monostromanitdum, and the safety of direct consumption is relatively low.

, correspAuthors=Su-Hua CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qi-Lin ZHU, Yi-Xuan FU, Su-Hua CHEN, Fei YANG, Yi-Lin ZHONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1154123985492104124, articleId=1154123975920702388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=硇洲岛海岸栽培礁膜重金属与毒性检测及其食用安全性研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 评价硇洲岛海岸海水养殖礁膜的食用安全性。方法 以4种采集时间不同的礁膜为研究对象, 采用微波消解法、电感耦合等离子体质谱和原子荧光光谱法对礁膜样品中的Cr、As、Pb、Hg、Cd 5种重金属含量进行分析, 并进行微生物指标测定, 采用小鼠急性经口毒性实验, 通过分析小鼠的饮水、饮食、体重、脏器系数、死亡率及外观变化等指标来评价礁膜的食用安全性。结果 样品中Cr、As、Pb、Hg含量均远超过国家标准规定食用性安全含量, 分别为限定值的29.20、12.12、3.59、3.70倍。样品菌落总数均超过50 CFU/g。灌胃礁膜组小鼠出现死亡现象, 脏器系数除肝脏外其他脏器均出现升高, 且外观变化符合重金属中毒表现。结论 食用未经加工处理的礁膜存在安全风险, 直接食用安全性较低。

, correspAuthors=谌素华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谌素华(1973—), 女, 博士, 正高级实验师, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源利用基础研究。E-mail:
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朱麒霖(2004—), 男, 主要研究方向为应用化学。E-mail:

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朱麒霖(2004—), 男, 主要研究方向为应用化学。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=急性经口毒性实验), Keyword(id=1184566879914963352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=食用安全性)], refs=[Reference(id=1184566881982755267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=473, pageEnd=480, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=赵素芬, 黄紫裕, 邓婷婷, journalName=热带生物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵素芬, 黄紫裕, 邓婷婷. 硇洲岛海区礁膜的营养成分分析与营养评价[J]. 热带生物学报, 2021, 12(4): 473-480., articleTitle=硇洲岛海区礁膜的营养成分分析与营养评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566882058252741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=473, pageEnd=480, 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Journal of Northwest University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 42(1): 38-42., articleTitle=Isolation and preliminary biochemical characterization of inter-root microorganisms of Dandelion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566885183009292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=717, pageEnd=722, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=王东霞, 谢静华, 袁亚, journalName=中国食品卫生杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王东霞, 谢静华, 袁亚, 等. 竹叶粉的食用安全性评价[J]. 中国食品卫生杂志, 2023, 35(5): 717-722., articleTitle=竹叶粉的食用安全性评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566885271089678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=5, pageStart=717, pageEnd=722, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=38, authorNames=WANG DX, XIE JH, YUAN Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG DX, XIE JH, YUAN Y, et al. Food safety evaluation of bamboo leaf powder[J]. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2023, 35(5): 717-722., articleTitle=Food safety evaluation of bamboo leaf powder, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566885329809936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=23, pageStart=77, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=39, authorNames=范文彤, journalName=中国医药科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范文彤. 海藻多糖急性毒性试验考察[J]. 中国医药科学, 2020, 10(23): 77-82., articleTitle=海藻多糖急性毒性试验考察, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566885405307410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=23, pageStart=77, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=40, authorNames=FAN WT, journalName=Chinese Medical Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN WT. Examination of acute toxicity of seaweed polysaccharides[J]. Chinese Medical Science, 2020, 10(23): 77-82., articleTitle=Examination of acute toxicity of seaweed polysaccharides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566885459833364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=70, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=41, authorNames=ENGWA GA, FERDINAND PU, NWALO FN, journalName=IntechOpen, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ENGWA GA, FERDINAND PU, NWALO FN, et al. Mechanism and health effects of heavy metal toxicity in humans[J]. 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DOI: 10.1155/2022/8011953, articleTitle=Mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effect of heavy metals: eCAM, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1184566877842977119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566877851365729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, companyId=1184566877842977119, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566877859754339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, companyId=1184566877842977119, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东海洋大学化学与环境学院, 湛江 524088)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1184566880057569691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ash and moisture content of Monostromanitdum, figureFileSmall=q/DtBpia3C80LQupnOjEQQ==, figureFileBig=LrKWQcIgjYFa8J8dgU5xaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566880116289949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=图1, caption=礁膜的灰分及含水量

注: 不同字母表示组间具有差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=q/DtBpia3C80LQupnOjEQQ==, figureFileBig=LrKWQcIgjYFa8J8dgU5xaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566880166621599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Average diet (a), average water intake (b) and weight changes (c) of mice in toxicology experiments, figureFileSmall=TMvSm45UCSjhs94ORG+1sw==, figureFileBig=DDYPcaInW1Cvn1r4ohqIHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566880225341857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=图2, caption=毒理学实验小鼠平均饮食情况(a)、平均饮水情况(b)及体重变化(c), figureFileSmall=TMvSm45UCSjhs94ORG+1sw==, figureFileBig=DDYPcaInW1Cvn1r4ohqIHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566880330199459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Organ coefficient after gavage experiment in mice, figureFileSmall=bNoCcDzsUqQE26fVlTeG/A==, figureFileBig=n1wEMiyPxrSIXtzNYYvtJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566880435057060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=图3, caption=小鼠灌胃实验后的脏器系数, figureFileSmall=bNoCcDzsUqQE26fVlTeG/A==, figureFileBig=n1wEMiyPxrSIXtzNYYvtJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566880489583013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Test method of acute oral toxicity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 空白组 实验1组 实验2组 实验3组
所用样品编号 1号 1号 4号
剂量设计 0 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL 20 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL 10 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL 20 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL
频次/时长 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880573469095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

急性经口毒性实验方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 空白组 实验1组 实验2组 实验3组
所用样品编号 1号 1号 4号
剂量设计 0 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL 20 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL 10 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL 20 g/kg, 灌胃体积为每1 g老鼠灌胃0.01 mL
频次/时长 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h 灌胃2次, 时隔4 h
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880623800745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average content of heavy metals in different samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属名称 1 2 3 4 限量值/(mg/kg)
Cr 14.60±0.24a 8.63±0.32b 6.87±0.38c 5.44±0.36d ≤0.50
As 6.06±0.07a 5.80±0.12a 4.86±0.15b 3.45±0.23c ≤0.50
Pb 2.87±0.03a 1.88±0.05c 0.95±0.07d 2.09±0.21b ≤0.80
Hg 0.037±0.00a 0.026±0.00a 0.026±0.00a 0.034±0.00a ≤0.01
Cd 0.17±0.01a 0.19±0.02a 0.18±0.03a 0.09±0.03b ≤0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880699298219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同样品中重金属的平均含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属名称 1 2 3 4 限量值/(mg/kg)
Cr 14.60±0.24a 8.63±0.32b 6.87±0.38c 5.44±0.36d ≤0.50
As 6.06±0.07a 5.80±0.12a 4.86±0.15b 3.45±0.23c ≤0.50
Pb 2.87±0.03a 1.88±0.05c 0.95±0.07d 2.09±0.21b ≤0.80
Hg 0.037±0.00a 0.026±0.00a 0.026±0.00a 0.034±0.00a ≤0.01
Cd 0.17±0.01a 0.19±0.02a 0.18±0.03a 0.09±0.03b ≤0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880778989997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of microbial testing (CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1 2 3 4
细菌总数 70a 106b 463c
空白 4 4 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880850293166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

微生物检测结果(CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1 2 3 4
细菌总数 70a 106b 463c
空白 4 4 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880913207729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of gram staining

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1 2 3 4
颜色现象 红色 紫色 红色 红色
结果 G G+ G G
), ArticleFig(id=1184566880971927985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

革兰氏染色结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1 2 3 4
颜色现象 红色 紫色 红色 红色
结果 G G+ G G
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881043231155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of indole experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1 2 3 4
实验现象 变玫瑰红色 变玫瑰红色 未变色 未变色
实验结果 + +
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881139700148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

吲哚实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 1 2 3 4
实验现象 变玫瑰红色 变玫瑰红色 未变色 未变色
实验结果 + +
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881206809014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Result of the catalase experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 菌株编号 实验现象 实验结果
1 1# 产生气泡 +
1 2# 产生气泡 +
1 3# 产生气泡 +
1 4# 产生气泡 +
1 5# 产生气泡 +
2 1# 产生气泡 +
2 2# 产生气泡 +
2 3# 未产生气泡
2 4# 产生气泡 +
2 5# 产生气泡 +
2 6# 产生气泡 +
3 1# 产生气泡 +
3 2# 产生气泡 +
3 3# 产生气泡 +
3 4# 产生气泡 +
3 5# 产生气泡 +
4 1# 产生气泡 +
4 2# 产生气泡 +
4 3# 产生气泡 +
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881307472311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

过氧化氢酶实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 菌株编号 实验现象 实验结果
1 1# 产生气泡 +
1 2# 产生气泡 +
1 3# 产生气泡 +
1 4# 产生气泡 +
1 5# 产生气泡 +
2 1# 产生气泡 +
2 2# 产生气泡 +
2 3# 未产生气泡
2 4# 产生气泡 +
2 5# 产生气泡 +
2 6# 产生气泡 +
3 1# 产生气泡 +
3 2# 产生气泡 +
3 3# 产生气泡 +
3 4# 产生气泡 +
3 5# 产生气泡 +
4 1# 产生气泡 +
4 2# 产生气泡 +
4 3# 产生气泡 +
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881429107129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Death of mice in toxicology experiments (number)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间 空白组 实验1组 实验2组 实验3组
第1 d 0 0 0 1
第2 d 0 2 3 1
第3 d 0 0 1 1
第4 d 0 0 0 0
第5 d 0 0 0 1
第6 d 0 0 0 0
第7 d 0 0 0 0
第8 d 0 0 0 0
第9 d 0 0 0 0
第10 d 0 0 0 0
第11 d 0 0 0 0
第12 d 0 0 0 0
第13 d 0 0 0 0
第14 d 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881601073596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

毒理学实验小鼠死亡情况(只)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间 空白组 实验1组 实验2组 实验3组
第1 d 0 0 0 1
第2 d 0 2 3 1
第3 d 0 0 1 1
第4 d 0 0 0 0
第5 d 0 0 0 1
第6 d 0 0 0 0
第7 d 0 0 0 0
第8 d 0 0 0 0
第9 d 0 0 0 0
第10 d 0 0 0 0
第11 d 0 0 0 0
第12 d 0 0 0 0
第13 d 0 0 0 0
第14 d 0 0 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881676571070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Observation of the appearance of mouse experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 观察指标 空白组 实验1组 实验2组 实验3组
中枢神经系统 不正常叫声、不安、躁动、少动、嗜睡、抽搐 不正常叫声、不安、少动、嗜睡 不正常叫声、不安、少动、嗜睡 不正常叫声、不安、少动、嗜睡
皮肤、毛发 苍白、皮毛松散 皮毛松散 皮毛松散
眼睛 眼睑下垂、眼球突出、瞳孔缩小 瞳孔缩小 瞳孔缩小 瞳孔缩小
存活 中毒及死亡 死亡 死亡 死亡
肠胃系统 大便坚硬、不成型或色泽发绿 大便色泽发绿 大便色泽发绿 大便色泽发绿
其他 体重下降、厌食 厌食 厌食 厌食
), ArticleFig(id=1184566881752068544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1154123975920702388, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

小鼠实验外观观察

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 观察指标 空白组 实验1组 实验2组 实验3组
中枢神经系统 不正常叫声、不安、躁动、少动、嗜睡、抽搐 不正常叫声、不安、少动、嗜睡 不正常叫声、不安、少动、嗜睡 不正常叫声、不安、少动、嗜睡
皮肤、毛发 苍白、皮毛松散 皮毛松散 皮毛松散
眼睛 眼睑下垂、眼球突出、瞳孔缩小 瞳孔缩小 瞳孔缩小 瞳孔缩小
存活 中毒及死亡 死亡 死亡 死亡
肠胃系统 大便坚硬、不成型或色泽发绿 大便色泽发绿 大便色泽发绿 大便色泽发绿
其他 体重下降、厌食 厌食 厌食 厌食
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硇洲岛海岸栽培礁膜重金属与毒性检测及其食用安全性研究
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朱麒霖 , 付熠煊 , 谌素华 * , 杨菲 , 钟怡琳
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(2): 318-324
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(2): 318-324
硇洲岛海岸栽培礁膜重金属与毒性检测及其食用安全性研究
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朱麒霖 , 付熠煊, 谌素华* , 杨菲, 钟怡琳
作者信息
  • 广东海洋大学化学与环境学院, 湛江 524088
  • 朱麒霖(2004—), 男, 主要研究方向为应用化学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 谌素华(1973—), 女, 博士, 正高级实验师, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源利用基础研究。E-mail:
Research on heavy metal and toxicity testing and edible safety of cultivated Monostromanitdum on the coast of Naozhou Island
Qi-Lin ZHU , Yi-Xuan FU, Su-Hua CHEN* , Fei YANG, Yi-Lin ZHONG
Affiliations
  • College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241011002
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目的 评价硇洲岛海岸海水养殖礁膜的食用安全性。方法 以4种采集时间不同的礁膜为研究对象, 采用微波消解法、电感耦合等离子体质谱和原子荧光光谱法对礁膜样品中的Cr、As、Pb、Hg、Cd 5种重金属含量进行分析, 并进行微生物指标测定, 采用小鼠急性经口毒性实验, 通过分析小鼠的饮水、饮食、体重、脏器系数、死亡率及外观变化等指标来评价礁膜的食用安全性。结果 样品中Cr、As、Pb、Hg含量均远超过国家标准规定食用性安全含量, 分别为限定值的29.20、12.12、3.59、3.70倍。样品菌落总数均超过50 CFU/g。灌胃礁膜组小鼠出现死亡现象, 脏器系数除肝脏外其他脏器均出现升高, 且外观变化符合重金属中毒表现。结论 食用未经加工处理的礁膜存在安全风险, 直接食用安全性较低。

硇洲岛  /  礁膜  /  重金属  /  急性经口毒性实验  /  食用安全性

Objective To evaluate the edible safety of marine aquaculture Monostromanitdum along the coast of Naozhou Island. Methods Using 4 kinds of different collection times of Monostromanitdum as research objects, microwave digestion, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the content of 5 kinds of heavy metals, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, and Cd, in Monostromanitdum samples, and microbial indicators were determined. Using acute oral toxicity experiments on mice, the food safety of Monostromanitdum was evaluated by analyzing indicators such as drinking water, diet, body weight, organ coefficient, mortality rate, and appearance of mice. Results The content of Cr, As, Pb, and Hg in the sample far exceeded the food safety content specified by the national standard, with the maximum being 29.20, 12.12, 3.59 and 3.70 times the limit values, respectively. The total number of bacterial colonies in the samples exceeded 50 CFU/g. The mice in the group administered with Monostromanitdum by gavage showed signs of death, with organ coefficients increasing in all organs except for the liver, and the appearance changes consistent with heavy metal poisoning. Conclusion There are safety risks associated with consuming unprocessed Monostromanitdum, and the safety of direct consumption is relatively low.

Naozhou Island  /  Monostromanitdum  /  heavy metals  /  acute oral toxicity test  /  edible safety
朱麒霖, 付熠煊, 谌素华, 杨菲, 钟怡琳. 硇洲岛海岸栽培礁膜重金属与毒性检测及其食用安全性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (2) : 318 -324 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241011002
Qi-Lin ZHU, Yi-Xuan FU, Su-Hua CHEN, Fei YANG, Yi-Lin ZHONG. Research on heavy metal and toxicity testing and edible safety of cultivated Monostromanitdum on the coast of Naozhou Island[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (2) : 318 -324 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241011002
礁膜(Monostromanitdum)又称绿紫菜, 属礁膜科礁膜属, 为北太平洋西部特有种类, 广泛分布于我国东海、南海沿岸内湾[1]。礁膜是绿藻中沿海人民广为采捞的食用海藻之一, 其食用价值高, 营养丰富且口感极佳, 同时药用价值高, 其多糖组分具有抗病毒[2-4]、抗肿瘤[5]、抗凝血[6-7]以及抗氧化[8-9]等生物活性。然而, 近年来人类对海洋资源开发与利用活动的不断强化, 导致了海洋生态系统结构与功能的严重受损, 重金属污染日益严重。国内外已有研究发现海藻中含有较高浓度重金属[10-15], 且具有一定毒性[16-‎21]。其中, SIMUL等[10]研究发现孟加拉湾考克斯巴扎尔海岸栽培的两种海藻类型中都含有Pb和Cr。赵旭等[13]研究表明绿藻中Hg和Pb含量都较高。即使海藻重金属浓度低于毒性水平, 直接食用被重金属污染的海藻依然存在健康风险[22]
目前, 国内对绿藻重金属含量测定及毒理学实验的研究较少, 且对海藻表面附着的有害微生物研究尚不明确, 特别是对礁膜的相关研究。因此对硇洲岛海岸栽培的礁膜食用安全性进行评价尤为重要。本研究以不同养殖时间点采集的礁膜作为实验材料, 对其重金属元素进行检测, 并测定礁膜的微生物指标, 以及利用动物小鼠进行急性经口毒性试验, 通过对小鼠脏器系数、饮水、饮食、中枢神经系统等指标较全面评估其食用安全性, 为海水养殖礁膜的直接食用性提供科学的理论指导, 并为礁膜的深度开发提供参考依据和支撑。
礁膜样品由广东海洋大学水产学院谢恩义教授提供, 均采于广东湛江硇洲岛大浪村海岸养殖区, 按采集不同生长时间的样品先后编号为1~4(时间分别为2023年4月24日、5月3日、5月5日、5月11日); 恐惧增强惊跳反射(fear-potentiated startle, FPS)级小鼠购于广东致远生物医药科技有限公司, 广东省实验动物监测所质检合格。
牛肉膏、蛋白胨、琼脂(分析纯, 北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司); 氯化钠、过氧化氢、乙醇、硝酸(分析纯, 广东光华科技股份有限公司); 磷酸二氢钠(分析纯, 西陇科学股份有限公司); 磷酸二氢钾(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 对二甲氨基苯甲醛(分析纯, 上海麦克林生物科技有限公司); 革兰氏碘液、结晶紫(分析纯, 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司); 盐酸(分析纯, 广州化学试剂厂); 脱色酒精(分析纯、广东环凯微生物科技有限公司)。
Anton Paar Multiwave PRO41HVT56微波消解仪(上海安东帕商贸有限公司); Agilent7500cx电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(上海基泰生物科技有限公司); 金索坤SK-锐析双道原子荧光光谱仪(北京金索坤开发有限公司); GR.AF4.5/14马弗炉(上海喆图科学仪器有限公司); SW-CJ-1FD超净工作台(苏州尚田洁净技术有限公司); YXQ-LS-100立式压力蒸汽灭菌器(上海申安医疗器械公司); PTX-FA220S电子天平(精度0.00001 g, 福建华志电子科技有限公司)。
其中1~3号样品经过清洗烘干粉碎过100目筛处理备用, 4号样品未经过清洗烘干, 其他处理相同。
分别称取适当重量的4种样品置于表面皿中, 转移至烘箱中105 ℃烘干3 h后再次称重, 计算样品中含水率, 试验重复3次。
称取5 g样品置于坩埚中, 记录重量。将其转移至电加热炉上碳化至无烟, 冷却后转移至马弗炉升温至600 ℃并反应6 h, 冷却干燥后称取灰化后重量, 计算灰分。
砷、铅、镉、铬含量的测定: 参照HY/T 147.3—2013《海洋监测技术规程第3部分: 生物体》。称取1 g样品并加入6 mL硝酸和0.5 mL过氧化氢进行消解, 以重金属质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/L)、每秒计数值为纵坐标(Y), 按方法制得铅、砷、镉、铅离子的标准曲线(分别为Y1=0.3791X1+0.0163, r12=0.9996; Y2=0.6701X2‒0.0324, r22=0.9993; Y3=0.3726X3+ 0.0078, r32=0.9998; Y4=2.9460X4‒0.0016, r42=0.9997)。
汞含量的测定: 参照GB 17378.6—2007《中华人民共和国国家标准 海洋监测规范 第6部分: 生物体分析》。以重金属质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/L)、荧光强度为纵坐标(Y), 按方法制得汞离子的标准曲线(Y5=491.9242X5‒16.5751, r52=0.9992)。
(1)细菌总数测定
参考赵斌等[23]的方法制备牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基, 采用平板计数法测定细菌总数。称取1 g样品与生理盐水配成1:1000样品匀液, 吸取1 mL匀液于培养皿并加入15~20 mL培养基, 38 ℃下培养48 h, 每个浓度梯度设置3个平行样本。选取30~300 CFU的菌落计数, 依据稀释倍数计算细菌总数。
(2)革兰氏染色实验
将样本进行涂片、干燥、固定, 结晶染色1 min后水洗, 用95%乙醇脱色20~25 s, 立即水洗, 再用蕃红复染5 min, 水洗干燥并将样本置于显微镜下观察[24]
(3)吲哚实验
加1 g对二甲氨基苯甲醛, 并用95%乙醇溶解, 再加入20 mL浓盐酸制得吲哚试剂。
某些细菌在其生长代谢过程中可以产生能够分解色氨酸的酶, 进而产生的吲哚可与对二甲基苯甲醛出现显色反应[25]。将菌株接种至蛋白胨水培养基中, 37 ℃条件下培养72 h, 接着滴入5~10滴吲哚试剂。若培养基呈现玫瑰红色, 则表明该菌株能够产生吲哚。
(4)过氧化氢酶实验
用接种环挑取菌株并置于载玻片上, 滴加几滴5%过氧化氢, 观察30 s内是否产生气泡。若有气泡产生, 则判为阳性, 反之为阴性[26]
以超纯水为溶剂, 将1、4号礁膜配成剂量为0、10、20 g/kg的礁膜匀浆。参考GB 15193.3—2014《食品安全国家标准 急性经口毒性实验》, 将实验对象以灌胃不同礁膜匀浆剂量共设计4组, 每组小鼠雌雄各5只, 共10只小鼠, 每组10只小鼠体重差均不超过平均体重±20%, 给药方式采用限量法灌胃[27]。设计方法见表1
小鼠适应环境3 d并禁食4 h后, 按表1进行灌胃实验。实验结束禁食2 h后正常饲养。14 d内保持环境温度恒定为24 ℃, 湿度50%~70%, 昼夜交替各半, 以小鼠的饮食、饮水、外观变化[28]、中毒反应、死亡率为观察指标。14 d暴露实验结束后, 在第14 d时小鼠禁食过夜并称重, 注射麻醉剂后解剖小鼠, 以计算脏器系数(心、肝、脾、肾、肺、胸腺)为观察指标。
上述每组实验设3个平行, 实验结果均以平均值±标准偏差表示。数据采用Origin 2021绘图, 并采用SPSS 27.0对原始数据进行单因素方差分析法分析, 其评价标准为: 以0.05为差异水平评价标准, 若P>0.05, 则各组间的方差没有显著差异; 若P<0.05, 则各组间的方差存在显著差异。
4份样品的灰分与含水量测定结果见图1。由图1可知, 随着采样时间的推移, 灰分含量展现出先上升后下降的趋势。其中, 灰分含量最小值为编号为4的礁膜样品(16.04%), 灰分含量最大值为编号为2的礁膜样品(27.64%), 1号与2号样品的灰分含量最为接近。在水分含量方面, 所有样品差异显著(P<0.05), 含水量最小值为编号3的样品(3.23%), 而最大值为编号4的样品(92.85%)。1~3号样品灰分、水分含量的差异归因于样品生长时间的不同、以及日晒条件的不同导致的。
不同样品的5种重金属含量检测结果见表2。参照GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》中各参考食物的Cr、As、Pb、Hg、Cd的限量值作为限量标准, 具体限量值为: Cr≤0.50 mg/kg、As≤0.50 mg/kg、Pb≤0.80 mg/kg、Hg≤0.01 mg/kg、Cd≤0.20 mg/kg。检测结果表明, 4种样品中Cr、As、Pb、Hg含量均远超出限量值, Cd含量低于限量值。其中, 在超出限量值的重金属含量中, 1号样品为这4种重金属含量最高的样品, 其Cr、As、Pb、Hg含量分别为限量值的29.20、12.12、3.59、3.70倍。2号样品中Cd含量最高, 为限量值的0.95倍。此外, 不同时间采集的礁膜样品中Cr、As、Pb、Cd含量存在差异显著(P<0.05), Hg含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。
细菌测定结果见表3。结果显示, 样品4中细菌总数最多, 而样品1、2、3相较于4号样品细菌总数大量减少, 说明未经高温处理的礁膜会存在大量细菌, 食用安全性极低, 而1、2、3样品经过烘干步骤, 虽杀死了多数细菌, 但仍然存在较多的细菌, 细菌总数均超过50 CFU/g, 故食用安全性也较低。结果表明未处理过的礁膜样品受污染的可能性极大。
革兰氏染色结果见表4。结果显示1、3、4号样品在革兰氏染色后均呈现红色, 说明其表面的菌株为革兰氏阴性菌, 而2号样品呈现紫色, 说明其表面的菌株为革兰氏阳性菌。产生该结果的原因可能是不同生长时间的生长环境条件以及样品处理的日晒环境条件的不同。
吲哚实验结果见表5。实验结果表明, 1和2号样品菌株得乙醚层均显现出玫瑰红色, 这表明了1和2号菌株能产生吲哚; 而相比之下, 3和4号菌株得乙醚层并未呈现玫瑰红色, 表明这两种菌株不具备产生吲哚的能力。
使用接种环挑取菌株, 得出样品1共有5种菌株、样品2共有6种菌株、样品3共有5种菌株, 样品4共有3菌株。
过氧化氢酶实验结果见表6。结果表明, 除了2号样品中的3#菌株实验未产生气泡, 代表其菌株为厌氧菌以外, 其他所有的菌株均为好氧菌, 说明细菌增殖比较活跃, 即4种礁膜样品食用安全性低。
根据灌胃剂量的设定以及重金属含量的检测结果得出, 各灌胃组重金属含量大小为实验1组>实验2组>实验3组>空白组。
饮食结果表明(图2a), 暴露首日, 与空白组相较, 各实验组平均饮食量均呈现下降趋势, 其中实验2组表现最为明显, 平均饮食量仅为空白组的0.14倍。在14 d的暴露期中, 实验3组自灌胃次日起, 饮食量稳步上升且波动较小, 第6~13 d时, 平均饮食量超越空白组, 这归因于灌胃的礁膜匀浆中重金属含量比1、2组低, 并且样品里面富含微量元素, 促进了小鼠生长, 进而提升了饮食量。在灌胃起始日时, 实验1、2组因灌入高剂量、高重金属含量的礁膜匀浆, 导致小鼠产生饱腹感而饮食量减少。然而, 随着灌胃的持续进行, 小鼠逐渐适应这一过程, 饮食量也随着增大。
饮水结果表明(图2b), 实验1、3组1~3 d饮水情况总体呈现先升后降的趋势, 并且这两组的变化趋势趋近相同, 而实验2组1~3 d期间饮水情况总体呈现先降后升的趋势。实验组饮水上升的趋势是因为小鼠在实验过程中逐渐适应灌胃操作, 从而导致起饮水量有所增加。在空白组小鼠饮水量中波动较为显著, 最高达到13.07 g, 而最低仅为2.84 g。在暴露的最后一天, 由于实验要求小鼠进食, 其饮水量因此出现了大幅下降的现象。
体重结果表明(图2c), 暴露初期, 实验2组小鼠在第2~4 d期间, 平均体重均呈现下降趋势。暴露第9~13 d, 所有实验组小鼠体重均开始上升。而空白组除暴露第4 d出现小幅度体重波动外, 其余时间其体重均保持增长态势。在暴露周期内, 实验3组小鼠的平均体重增长最为明显, 累计增加了5.70 g; 空白组、实验1组平均体重增加了分别为5.37 g、3.35 g; 而实验2组的平均体重增长最少, 仅为2.37 g。
实验小鼠死亡情况见表7。实验结果表明, 暴露首日, 仅实验3组观察到1例死亡; 第2 d小鼠死亡率达到峰值, 所有实验组均出现死亡, 具体为实验1组2例、实验2组3例、实验3组1例; 第3 d实验2组与实验3组各新增1例死亡; 至第5 d, 实验3组再增1例死亡。小鼠共出现10例死亡情况, 且主要集中在灌胃初期, 然而灌胃中期及末期未出现死亡, 说明在此剂量下礁膜对实验动物有毒。
脏器系数及异常小鼠情况实验结果见图3。结果表明, 随着礁膜中重金属含量的上升, 小鼠心脏脏器系数逐渐增大, 说明了重金属含量越高, 导致小鼠心脏出现充血、水肿及肥大增长等病理现象的加剧。同时, 与空白组相较而言, 实验组小鼠肝脏脏器系数均低于空白组, 说明了重金属含量的改变加剧了小鼠肝脏的萎缩与退行形变现象。实验2组小鼠的脾脏脏器系数最高, 解剖观察实验2组腹部有孔小鼠和体内有绿色肿块小鼠脾脏远远大于其他小鼠脾脏, 重量分别达到了0.39 g和0.20 g。对比空白组, 随着重金属含量的改变导致实验组小鼠肺脏器系数均超过空白组, 其中实验1组小鼠的肺脏器系数增大最为明显。而相较与其他脏器系数, 肾脏系数波动较小, 说明重金属可能对小鼠肾脏影响较小, ENGWA等[29]研究表明重金属中的Pb、As、Cd含量会导致肾脏、肝脏、脾脏等损伤。重金属含量与小鼠胸腺脏器系数之间呈现大致的正比关系, 在实验2组中, 小鼠胸腺脏器系数达到了最大值, 高达2.69 mg/g。
重金属具有致突变性、致畸性和致癌性, 即使在低剂量下, 也会诱导畜禽身体状况不佳, 生产性能和繁殖率降低, 并导致其免疫抑制[30]
实验结果见表8。结果表明, 空白组仅食量下降, 其余正常; 实验组多项指标异常: 灌胃后叫声异常、不安、少动、嗜睡, 皮毛松散, 瞳孔缩小, 眼睛颜色较空白组不鲜红, 大便色泽发绿, 实验组均出现死亡情况, 其中实验2组死亡最多。实验1、2组食量减小、厌食, 实验3组无此现象。
硇洲岛海域礁膜含有一定的活性成分。本研究样品按礁膜不同生长时间采集, 其生长时间长短顺序为4>3>2>1, 各样中重金属含量检测铬、砷、铅、汞含量均远超出国家标准规定食用性安全含量, 其中1号样Cr、As、Pb、Hg含量分别为限定值的29.20、12.12、3.59、3.70倍。微生物指标检测结果中证明未经高温处理过的礁膜样品中含有的菌落总数多不可计, 但经高温处理的样品菌落总数仍大于50 CFU/g, 礁膜样品表面附着革兰氏阴性菌, 菌株绝大部分为好氧菌。毒理学实验中, 设定灌胃剂量为0、10、20 g/kg, 在灌胃初期时, 灌胃礁膜样品小鼠的饮食、饮水量下降严重, 并且均出现了死亡情况, 反观灌胃中期及末期未出现死亡现象, 说明礁膜样品具有较低的毒性, 食用较高含量重金属礁膜的小鼠, 除肝外, 其心、脾、肾、肺、胸腺的脏器系数均升高, 且对肝的脏器系数变化较小, 外表观察下, 实验组小鼠均出现重金属中毒现象。因此, 本研究发现直接食用未经处理的礁膜存在健康风险, 故不建议食用。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241011002
  • 接收时间:2024-10-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-11
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作者信息
    广东海洋大学化学与环境学院, 湛江 524088

通讯作者:

* 谌素华(1973—), 女, 博士, 正高级实验师, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源利用基础研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spaq/CN/10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241011002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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