Article(id=1153986792513593932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240829005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724860800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061491372, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061491372, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061491372, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061491372, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=74, endPage=80, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986794090652271, articleId=1153986792513593932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Efficient removal of cholesterol from fish oil by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, columnId=1153986779267978046, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Aquatic Product Processing and Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the effects of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) on removing cholesterol from fish oil. Methods Cholesterol removal rate and fish oil recovery rate were used as key indicators to screen suitable materials for removing cholesterol from fish oil from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives. The optimal cholesterol removal process conditions were determined through orthogonal experiments, and the quality of fish oil before and after cholesterol removal was compared. Results M-β-CD was the best material for removing cholesterol from fish oil. The optimal process conditions of M-β-CD removal of cholesterol in fish oil were as follows: M-β-CD dosage of 30%, temperature of 50 ℃, time of 15 min. The cholesterol removal rate was 51.34%, and the fish oil recovery rate was 84.84% under these conditions. When cholesterol was removed under the optimal process conditions, the acid value, peroxide value, and anisidine value of fish oil significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the iodine value did not change significantly (P>0.05). The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly increased (P<0.05), the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 31.33%, 16.81%, and 51.86% of the total lipid content, respectively, with no significant changes observed among them (P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment of fish oil with M-β-CD not only efficiently removes cholesterol but also enhances the quality, making it a promising method for cholesterol removal from fish oil.

, correspAuthors=Wei JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-Long XIONG, Yu LIU, Di SUN, Shi-Jun SONG, Rui-Juan DONG, Wei JIANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986817301930392, articleId=1153986792513593932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=甲基-β-环糊精高效脱除鱼油中胆固醇, columnId=1151923891695350386, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究甲基-β-环糊精(methyl-β-cyclodextrin, M-β-CD)脱除鱼油中胆固醇的效果。方法 以胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率为关键指标, 从β-环糊精(β-cyclodextrin, β-CD)及其衍生物中筛选适用于鱼油中脱除胆固醇的材料, 通过正交实验确定胆固醇脱除的最佳工艺条件, 并比较了胆固醇脱除前后鱼油的品质。结果 M-β-CD为脱除鱼油中胆固醇的最佳材料; 最优工艺条件为M-β-CD添加量30%, 温度50 ℃, 时间15 min, 此条件下的胆固醇脱除率为51.34%, 鱼油回收率为84.84%。在最优工艺条件下脱除胆固醇, 鱼油的酸价、过氧化值、茴香胺值显著下降(P<0.05), 碘值未显著改变(P>0.05), 二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)含量显著上升(P<0.05), 饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids, SFA)占比为31.33%, 单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA)占比为16.81%, 多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA)占比为51.86%, 均无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论 采用M-β-CD处理鱼油, 不仅可以高效脱除胆固醇, 而且可以一定程度提升鱼油的品质, 是一种有应用前景的鱼油中胆固醇脱除方法。

, correspAuthors=姜维, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*姜维(1987—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全控制。E-mail:
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熊鑫龙(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全控制。E-mail:

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熊鑫龙(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全控制。E-mail:

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Chongqing: Southwest University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369702706033307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=12, pageStart=120, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=40, authorNames=倪韦韦, 陈小娥, 袁高峰, journalName=食品科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=倪韦韦, 陈小娥, 袁高峰. 响应面优化法优化中性氧化铝脱除鱼油胆固醇工艺[J]. 食品科技, 2022, 47(12): 120-126., articleTitle=响应面优化法优化中性氧化铝脱除鱼油胆固醇工艺, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369702798307997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=12, pageStart=120, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=41, authorNames=NI WW, CHEN XE, YUAN GF, journalName=Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NI WW, CHEN XE, YUAN GF. 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Food Science and Technology, 2022, 47(12): 120-126., articleTitle=Optimization of the cholesterol removal process from fish oil using neutral alumina by response surface methodology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1174369699191206473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, awardId=2021YFD2100504, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2100504), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174369699258315339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, awardId=2022C1110, language=CN, fundingSource=浙江省舟山市定海科技项目(2022C1110), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369695131120086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369695135314391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, companyId=1174369695131120086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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注: 不同大写字母表示不同组间的鱼油回收率存在显著性差异(P<0.05), 不同小写字母表示不同组间的胆固醇脱除率存在显著差异(P<0.05), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=3KQomoQnxO6XWoFHY/FDpw==, figureFileBig=EaYe8rif2Z0y04zLiJvL+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369697878389288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of M-β-CD dosage on cholesterol removal rate and fish oil recovery rate (n=3), figureFileSmall=vne5nKwBFDw9wUueYIFlMg==, figureFileBig=HPO+Gxnj8fZ3mfqY3Qyamw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369697937109546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=图2, caption=M-β-CD添加量对胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=vne5nKwBFDw9wUueYIFlMg==, figureFileBig=HPO+Gxnj8fZ3mfqY3Qyamw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369697995829804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of temperatures on cholesterol removal rate and fish oil recovery rate (n=3), figureFileSmall=ehnZgpif+yHHoq2lkhXIPw==, figureFileBig=44wwIHSlqcFnrZT/PIbQ+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369698058744366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=图3, caption=温度对胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=ehnZgpif+yHHoq2lkhXIPw==, figureFileBig=44wwIHSlqcFnrZT/PIbQ+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369698134241840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of removal times on cholesterol removal rate and fish oil recovery rate (n=3), figureFileSmall=cU0BhsbwV6kwYTREAOcaPg==, figureFileBig=7y4z3S3zk35T0vcn6S7VWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369698197156402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=图4, caption=脱除时间对胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=cU0BhsbwV6kwYTREAOcaPg==, figureFileBig=7y4z3S3zk35T0vcn6S7VWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369698264265268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor level table for orthogonal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A: M-β-CD添加量/% B: 温度/℃ C: 时间/min
1 20 50 10
2 25 60 15
3 30 70 20
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698343957046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交实验的因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A: M-β-CD添加量/% B: 温度/℃ C: 时间/min
1 20 50 10
2 25 60 15
3 30 70 20
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698415260216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Design and results of orthogonal experimental

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 因素 胆固醇脱除率/% 鱼油回
收率/%
A /% B/℃ C/min
1 20 50 10 27.90 84.13
2 20 60 15 34.47 84.48
3 20 70 20 33.37 83.90
4 25 50 15 41.00 84.19
5 25 60 20 36.75 83.78
6 25 70 10 26.65 84.53
7 30 50 20 45.74 83.57
8 30 60 10 37.07 84.22
9 30 70 15 44.77 84.36
K1 31.91 38.21 30.54
K2 34.80 36.10 40.08
K3 42.53 34.93 38.62
极差R 10.61 3.28 9.54
主次程序 A>C>B
最优组合 A3B1C2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698515923514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交实验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 因素 胆固醇脱除率/% 鱼油回
收率/%
A /% B/℃ C/min
1 20 50 10 27.90 84.13
2 20 60 15 34.47 84.48
3 20 70 20 33.37 83.90
4 25 50 15 41.00 84.19
5 25 60 20 36.75 83.78
6 25 70 10 26.65 84.53
7 30 50 20 45.74 83.57
8 30 60 10 37.07 84.22
9 30 70 15 44.77 84.36
K1 31.91 38.21 30.54
K2 34.80 36.10 40.08
K3 42.53 34.93 38.62
极差R 10.61 3.28 9.54
主次程序 A>C>B
最优组合 A3B1C2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698608198204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 偏差平方和 自由度 F 显著性
A 184.126 2 81.184 *
B 13.244 2 5.840
C 151.318 2 66.719 *
误差 2.27 2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698704667198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素 偏差平方和 自由度 F 显著性
A 184.126 2 81.184 *
B 13.244 2 5.840
C 151.318 2 66.719 *
误差 2.27 2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698796941888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Physicochemical indexes of fish oil before and after the removal of cholesterol using M-β-CD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 脱除胆固醇前 脱除胆固醇后
酸价/(mg KOH/g)
过氧化值/(g/100 g)
茴香胺值
碘值/(g/100 g)
0.467±0.057a 0.228±0.029b
0.072±0.003a 0.058±0.005b
4.344±0.956a 2.808±0.431b
199.341±3.967a 201.211±5.890a
色度 L* 29.000±0.684b 30.697±0.582a
a* -1.043±0.049a -0.827±0.127a
b* 2.557±0.160a 1.867±0.420a
ΔE / 2.480±0.761
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698885022274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

M-β-CD脱除胆固醇前后鱼油的理化指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 脱除胆固醇前 脱除胆固醇后
酸价/(mg KOH/g)
过氧化值/(g/100 g)
茴香胺值
碘值/(g/100 g)
0.467±0.057a 0.228±0.029b
0.072±0.003a 0.058±0.005b
4.344±0.956a 2.808±0.431b
199.341±3.967a 201.211±5.890a
色度 L* 29.000±0.684b 30.697±0.582a
a* -1.043±0.049a -0.827±0.127a
b* 2.557±0.160a 1.867±0.420a
ΔE / 2.480±0.761
), ArticleFig(id=1174369698981491268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Fatty acid composition of fish oil before and after the removal of cholesterol using M-β-CD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸 脱除胆固醇前 脱除胆固醇后
C14:0/(g/100 g) 8.90±0.21b 9.42±0.22a
C16:0/(g/100 g) 17.95±0.53b 19.42±0.51a
C16:1/(g/100 g) 12.07±0.27a 12.25±0.27a
C18:0/(g/100 g) 3.68±0.13b 4.08±0.12a
C18:1/(g/100 g) 3.99±0.22b 4.65±0.13a
C18:2n6c/(g/100 g) 2.04±0.21a 2.22±0.07a
C20:4/(g/100 g) 1.11±0.02a 0.76±0.06b
C20:5/(g/100 g) 27.32±0.72b 29.37±0.38a
C22:6/(g/100 g) 17.70±0.47b 19.32±0.57a
ΣSFA/% 31.35±0.25a 31.33±0.27a
ΣMUFA/% 17.00±0.04a 16.81±0.12a
ΣPUFA/% 51.65±0.22a 51.86±0.38a
(EPA+DHA)/% 38.65±0.27a 38.73±0.25a
), ArticleFig(id=1174369699044405830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986792513593932, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

M-β-CD脱除鱼油胆固醇前后的脂肪酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脂肪酸 脱除胆固醇前 脱除胆固醇后
C14:0/(g/100 g) 8.90±0.21b 9.42±0.22a
C16:0/(g/100 g) 17.95±0.53b 19.42±0.51a
C16:1/(g/100 g) 12.07±0.27a 12.25±0.27a
C18:0/(g/100 g) 3.68±0.13b 4.08±0.12a
C18:1/(g/100 g) 3.99±0.22b 4.65±0.13a
C18:2n6c/(g/100 g) 2.04±0.21a 2.22±0.07a
C20:4/(g/100 g) 1.11±0.02a 0.76±0.06b
C20:5/(g/100 g) 27.32±0.72b 29.37±0.38a
C22:6/(g/100 g) 17.70±0.47b 19.32±0.57a
ΣSFA/% 31.35±0.25a 31.33±0.27a
ΣMUFA/% 17.00±0.04a 16.81±0.12a
ΣPUFA/% 51.65±0.22a 51.86±0.38a
(EPA+DHA)/% 38.65±0.27a 38.73±0.25a
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甲基-β-环糊精高效脱除鱼油中胆固醇
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熊鑫龙 1 , 刘宇 1, 2 , 孙迪 1 , 宋诗军 3 , 董芮娟 3 , 姜维 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(1): 74-80
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(1): 74-80
甲基-β-环糊精高效脱除鱼油中胆固醇
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熊鑫龙1 , 刘宇1, 2, 孙迪1, 宋诗军3, 董芮娟3, 姜维1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心(创新应用研究院), 舟山 316022
  • 2.浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院, 舟山 316022
  • 3.舟山新诺佳生物工程有限责任公司, 舟山 316022
  • 熊鑫龙(2000—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全控制。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*姜维(1987—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全控制。E-mail:
Efficient removal of cholesterol from fish oil by methyl-β-cyclodextrin
Xin-Long XIONG1 , Yu LIU1, 2, Di SUN1, Shi-Jun SONG3, Rui-Juan DONG3, Wei JIANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. National Engineering Research Center for Marine Facility Aquaculture (Institute of Innovation and Application), Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
  • 2. College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
  • 3. Sinomega Biotech Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhoushan 316022, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240829005
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目的 研究甲基-β-环糊精(methyl-β-cyclodextrin, M-β-CD)脱除鱼油中胆固醇的效果。方法 以胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率为关键指标, 从β-环糊精(β-cyclodextrin, β-CD)及其衍生物中筛选适用于鱼油中脱除胆固醇的材料, 通过正交实验确定胆固醇脱除的最佳工艺条件, 并比较了胆固醇脱除前后鱼油的品质。结果 M-β-CD为脱除鱼油中胆固醇的最佳材料; 最优工艺条件为M-β-CD添加量30%, 温度50 ℃, 时间15 min, 此条件下的胆固醇脱除率为51.34%, 鱼油回收率为84.84%。在最优工艺条件下脱除胆固醇, 鱼油的酸价、过氧化值、茴香胺值显著下降(P<0.05), 碘值未显著改变(P>0.05), 二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)含量显著上升(P<0.05), 饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids, SFA)占比为31.33%, 单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA)占比为16.81%, 多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA)占比为51.86%, 均无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论 采用M-β-CD处理鱼油, 不仅可以高效脱除胆固醇, 而且可以一定程度提升鱼油的品质, 是一种有应用前景的鱼油中胆固醇脱除方法。

鱼油  /  品质  /  甲基-β-环糊精  /  胆固醇脱除率  /  鱼油回收率

Objective To study the effects of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD) on removing cholesterol from fish oil. Methods Cholesterol removal rate and fish oil recovery rate were used as key indicators to screen suitable materials for removing cholesterol from fish oil from β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives. The optimal cholesterol removal process conditions were determined through orthogonal experiments, and the quality of fish oil before and after cholesterol removal was compared. Results M-β-CD was the best material for removing cholesterol from fish oil. The optimal process conditions of M-β-CD removal of cholesterol in fish oil were as follows: M-β-CD dosage of 30%, temperature of 50 ℃, time of 15 min. The cholesterol removal rate was 51.34%, and the fish oil recovery rate was 84.84% under these conditions. When cholesterol was removed under the optimal process conditions, the acid value, peroxide value, and anisidine value of fish oil significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the iodine value did not change significantly (P>0.05). The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly increased (P<0.05), the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 31.33%, 16.81%, and 51.86% of the total lipid content, respectively, with no significant changes observed among them (P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment of fish oil with M-β-CD not only efficiently removes cholesterol but also enhances the quality, making it a promising method for cholesterol removal from fish oil.

fish oil  /  quality  /  methyl-β-cyclodextrin  /  cholesterol removal rate  /  fish oil recovery rate
熊鑫龙, 刘宇, 孙迪, 宋诗军, 董芮娟, 姜维. 甲基-β-环糊精高效脱除鱼油中胆固醇. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 74 -80 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240829005
Xin-Long XIONG, Yu LIU, Di SUN, Shi-Jun SONG, Rui-Juan DONG, Wei JIANG. Efficient removal of cholesterol from fish oil by methyl-β-cyclodextrin[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 74 -80 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240829005
鱼油是一种以鱼类为原料, 通过压榨、煮制、有机溶剂提取和精制等步骤制得的脂质食品, 富含二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)等ω-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA), 具有抗炎、抗氧化、改善大脑功能、抗肿瘤、调节脂质和葡萄糖代谢、提高运动能力等功效, 广泛应用于医疗、保健、美容、运动等领域[1-2]。据报道, 鱼油中的胆固醇含量较高, 甚至超过800 mg/100 g[3]。胆固醇是人体细胞中最重要的固醇, 在肝脏中合成后被转运到各个细胞中, 不仅是细胞膜的组成成分, 也是维生素D、类固醇激素的前体物质。有研究表明, 当人体内胆固醇含量过高, 易患动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病[4]。因此, 降低鱼油中的胆固醇含量, 是提高鱼油食品安全性和市场竞争力的重要手段。
食品中胆固醇的脱除方法主要有分子蒸馏法、超临界萃取法、吸附法等。BERTI等[5]通过分子蒸馏法脱除了乳脂中约60%的胆固醇, 但乳脂回收率仅为30%。CHITRA等[6]采用超临界萃取法去除了全脂奶粉中55.8%的胆固醇, 且未显著改变全脂奶粉的理化性质。YILMAZ等[7]比较了7种金属-有机骨架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)对葵花籽油中胆固醇的脱除效果, 发现Al-MOFs和Ti-MOFs的胆固醇脱除率最高, 分别为27.45%和26.27%, 但低于相同添加量的β-环糊精(β-cyclodextrin, β-CD)(胆固醇脱除率为33.07%)。β-CD是一种环状寡糖, 因其内径与胆固醇分子大小相近, 且安全无毒, 价格低廉, 常被研究人员用于脱除食品中的胆固醇。DAI等[8]通过化学计算研究了胆固醇/β-CD包合物组分之间的非共价弱相互作用, 证明了包合物之间主要的作用力是范德华力, 对范德华力主要贡献的是色散力。RAJU等[9]采用β-CD-均质相结合的方法脱除虾油中的胆固醇, 胆固醇脱除率为95%, 但虾油回收率仅为44.6%, 且通过高速离心法解决均质化后的油水乳化现象在实际生产中较难实现。张敏[10]使用β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇, 胆固醇脱除率为56%, 但是鱼油回收率仅为70%。采用β-CD脱除鱼油胆固醇的过程中, 鱼油和β-CD水溶液易形成糊状物, 导致鱼油回收难, 限制了该方法的工业可应用性。因此, 有必要探寻兼顾胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率的胆固醇脱除方法。
本研究以鱼油为研究对象, 比较了β-CD及其衍生物对鱼油中胆固醇的脱除效果(胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率), 优化了最佳脱除材料脱除鱼油中胆固醇的工艺, 并分析了胆固醇脱除过程对鱼油品质的影响, 以期为低胆固醇高品质鱼油的生产提供技术支撑。
海洋鱼油, 胆固醇含量为980 mg/100 g(浙江舟山新诺佳生物工程有限责任公司)。
β-CD、正己烷、氢氧化钾、无水乙醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 甲基-β-环糊精(methyl-β- cyclodextrin, M-β-CD)、羟乙基-β-环糊精(hydroxyethyl-β-CD, HE-β-CD)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(hydroxypropyl-β-CD, HP-β-CD)、磺丁基-β-环糊精(sulfobutylether-β-CD, SBE-β-CD)、羧甲基-β-环糊精(carboxymethyl-β-CD, CM-β-CD)(分析纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯, 德国默克公司)。
Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪、Agilent 7890B气相色谱仪、HP-5非极性毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm, 0.25 μm)(美国安捷伦公司); SunFire C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)(美国沃特世公司); HC-3018R高速冷冻离心机(安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司); UV2600紫外可见分光光度计(日本岛津公司); Milli-Q超纯水系统[密理博(上海)贸易有限公司]; ZDJ-4A雷磁自动电位滴定仪(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司); EL-303-IC电子天平(精度0.0001 g, 上海梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); CR-400色差计(柯尼卡美能达株式会社)。
参考张敏[10]的方法并稍作修改。将0.9 g脱除材料溶解于2.1 g水中, 加入3.0 g鱼油, 50 ℃和150 r/min下振摇90 min。5000 r/min离心15 min, 移取上层鱼油称重并测定胆固醇含量, 计算胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率。
胆固醇脱除率通过公式(1)计算:
$胆固醇脱除率/\%=\frac{C_1-C_2}{C_1} \times 100 \%$
式中: C1为脱除前鱼油中胆固醇含量, mg/100 g; C2为脱除后鱼油中胆固醇含量, mg/100 g。
鱼油回收率通过公式(2)计算:
$鱼油回收率/\%=\frac{M_2}{M_1} \times 100 \%$
式中: M1为脱除前鱼油质量, g; M2为脱除后鱼油质量, g。
β-CD、M-β-CD、HE-β-CD、HP-β-CD、CM-β-CD和SBE-β-CD为脱除材料, 按照1.3.1的方法, 测定脱除材料的胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率, 确定鱼油中胆固醇的最佳脱除材料。
以M-β-CD为胆固醇脱除材料, 按照1.3.1的方法, 在脱除温度50 ℃和脱除时间5 min的条件下研究M-β-CD添加量(10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)对脱除鱼油中胆固醇的影响, 在M-β-CD添加量10%和脱除时间5 min的条件下研究脱除温度(30、40、50、60和70 ℃)对脱除鱼油中胆固醇的影响, 在M-β-CD添加量10%和脱除温度50 ℃的条件下研究脱除时间(5、10、15、20和25 min)对脱除鱼油中胆固醇的影响。
采用正交实验法优化M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇的条件, 正交水平如表1所示。
在M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇的最优工艺条件下, 测定脱除胆固醇前后鱼油的酸价、过氧化值、茴香胺值、碘值及色差的变化。
酸价参考GB 5009.229—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定》的冷溶剂自动电位滴定法进行测定。过氧化值参考GB 5009.227—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品中过氧化值的测定》的电位滴定法进行测定。茴香胺值参考GB/T 24304—2009《动植物油脂 茴香胺值的测定》进行测定。碘值参考GB/T 5532—2022《动植物油脂 碘值的测定》进行测定。色差(ΔE)参考赵璠等[11]的方法进行测定, ΔE通过公式(3)计算:
$\Delta E=\sqrt{\left(L^*-L_0\right)^2+\left(a^*-a_0\right)^2+\left(b^*-b_0\right)^2}$
式中: L*为脱除胆固醇后鱼油的亮度; a*为脱除胆固醇后鱼油的红绿色度; b*为脱除胆固醇后鱼油的黄蓝色度; L0为脱除胆固醇前鱼油的亮度; a0为脱除胆固醇前鱼油的红绿色度; b0为脱除胆固醇前鱼油的黄蓝色度。
参考ALBUQUERQUE等[12]的方法, 取0.30 g鱼油于50 mL离心管, 加入5 mL的0.4 mol/L氢氧化钾乙醇溶液, 涡旋混合, 50 ℃水浴加热30 min, 取出置于空气中冷却至室温, 加入5 mL超纯水并涡旋混合, 加入10 mL正己烷并涡旋混合, 静置分层后取上层, 重复操作两次, 合并有机相。取3 mL有机相氮气吹干, 加入3 mL流动相溶解, 过0.22 μm尼龙66滤膜, 上机测定。
色谱条件: Waters SunFire C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), 流动相比例为V(甲醇):V(乙腈)=50:50, 柱温25 ℃, 流速1 mL/min, 检测波长210 nm。
胆固醇含量通过公式(4)计算:
$胆固醇含量/(\mathrm{mg} / 100 \cdot \mathrm{~g})=\frac{C_0 \times V}{m} \times 100$
式中: C0为胆固醇浓度, mg/mL; V为正己烷体积, mL; m为皂化鱼油质量, g。
脂肪酸甲酯化: 参考LI等[13]的方法, 取100 mg左右鱼油溶解于1 mL 5% H2SO4的甲醇溶液中, 涡旋混合1 min; 90 ℃水浴1 h, 冷却至室温后加入1 mL去离子水; 加入2 mL正戊烷提取, 涡旋混匀, 2500 r/min离心10 min取1 mL上清液氮吹后, 加入正己烷复溶, 过膜上样。
气相色谱条件: 参考彭鼎新[14]的方法, 使用带有氢火焰离子检测器的气相色谱仪, 使用HP-5非极性毛细管柱(30 m× 0.32 mm, 0.25 μm)。载气为氮气, 流速为1 mL/min。进样口温度为250 ℃, 检测器温度为270 ℃, 空气流量为400 mL/min, 氢气流量为30 mL/min。升温程序如下: 160 ℃保持5 min, 以5 ℃/min的升温速率到190 ℃并保持5 min, 再以2 ℃/min的升温速率到230 ℃并保持20 min。
每组试验至少重复3次, 用Excel 2021软件做数据统计与计算, 结果用平均值和标准偏差表示; 使用SPSS 25软件进行Tukey检验, P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义; 使用Origin 2018软件作图。
β-CD及其不同衍生物脱除鱼油中胆固醇的效果(胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率)如图1所示。β-CD和M-β-CD的胆固醇脱除率分别为28.65%和26.38%, 两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05), 但显著高于其他衍生物(P<0.05), HE-β-CD、HP-β-CD、CM-β-CD和SBE-β-CD的胆固醇脱除率均低于10%。5种β-CD衍生物的鱼油回收率均高于80%, 且无显著性差异(P>0.05), 但β-CD的回收率仅为54.24%, 显著低于5种衍生物(P<0.05)。综合考虑胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率, 本研究选择M-β-CD作为鱼油中胆固醇的最佳脱除材料。
图2为M-β-CD添加量对脱除鱼油中胆固醇效果的影响, 当M-β-CD添加量从10%增加到25%, 胆固醇脱除率从16.05%显著上升到49.25% (P<0.05), 可能是M-β-CD添加量的增加提高了胆固醇与M-β-CD的接触机会; 当M-β-CD添加量继续增加到30%, 胆固醇脱除率略微增加到51.29% (P>0.05)。WANG等[15]在探究β-CD添加量对脱除猪油中胆固醇的影响时, β-CD添加量超过7%后, 胆固醇脱除率未进一步提高, 与本研究结果类似。当M-β-CD添加量为10%~30%, 鱼油回收率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在此工艺参数下, M-β-CD添加量为25%较为适宜。
图3为温度对脱除鱼油中胆固醇效果的影响, 当温度从30 ℃增加到50 ℃时, 胆固醇脱除率从13.83%略微增加到15.13% (P>0.05); 当温度增加到60 ℃时, 胆固醇脱除率显著增加到20.86% (P<0.05), 这可能是因为温度增加, 鱼油黏度降低, 更有利于M-β-CD包合鱼油中的胆固醇, 增大了胆固醇脱除率[16]。当温度增加到70 ℃时, 胆固醇脱除率显著下降到9.49% (P<0.05), 这可能是因为温度过高, 分子运动加剧, 胆固醇与M-β-CD分离[17]。当温度为30~70 ℃, 鱼油回收率无显著差异(P>0.05)。在此工艺参数下, 温度为60 ℃较为适宜。
图4为脱除时间对脱除鱼油中胆固醇效果的影响, 当脱除时间从5 min增加到15 min时, 胆固醇脱除率从15.13%显著增加到25.12% (P<0.05), 这可能是因为随着脱除时间的增加, M-β-CD与胆固醇逐渐趋于包合平衡。当脱除时间从15 min增加到25 min时, 胆固醇脱除率从25.12%略微增加到26.47% (P>0.05), 这可能是胆固醇和M-β-CD基本达到包合平衡。当时间为5~25 min时, 鱼油回收率无显著差异(P>0.05)。在此工艺参数下, 脱除时间为15 min较为适宜。
正交试验优化M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇条件的结果如表2表3所示, 将胆固醇脱除率作为主要指标, 设置正交实验。极差结果表明3个因素的主次顺序为: A (M-β-CD添加量)>C(时间)>B(温度), 方差分析表明, M-β-CD添加量和时间对胆固醇脱除率有显著性影响(P<0.05)。K值越大胆固醇脱除率越高, 最优组合为: A3B1C2, 即M-β-CD添加量为30%, 温度为50 ℃, 时间为15 min, 按照最优组合参数进行鱼油中胆固醇脱除实验验证, 测得胆固醇脱除率为51.34%, 鱼油回收率为84.84%, 优于表2中的正交实验组。
酸价反映了油脂水解程度, 酸价越小代表油脂的新鲜度越好[18]。油脂储藏不当时易发生水解, 不仅会降低营养品质, 还可能生成对人体有害的物质[19]。由表4可知, M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇后, 鱼油的酸价从0.467 mg KOH/g显著降低到0.228 mg KOH/g(P<0.05), 降幅超过50%, 这可能是M-β-CD包合了部分游离脂肪酸, 降低鱼油中游离脂肪酸的含量, 导致酸价下降[20]
油脂中不饱和脂肪酸易被氧化生成过氧化物, 过氧化物产生自由基, 加速油脂氧化, 最终导致油脂酸败[21]。过氧化值是反映油脂中过氧化物含量的指标, 过氧化值越高说明鱼油氧化程度越严重。由表4可知, M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇后, 鱼油的过氧化值显著下降(P<0.05), 这可能是因为M-β-CD与β-CD结构相似, 包合了部分过氧化物[9]
茴香胺值通过测定油脂中次级氧化产物反映油脂的氧化程度, 茴香胺值越高说明鱼油氧化程度越严重[22]。如表4所示, M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇后, 鱼油的茴香胺值从4.344显著下降到2.808 (P<0.05), 这可能是鱼油中醛酮等次级氧化产物被M-β-CD包合。KIBICI等[23]研究发现通过β-CD处理后的精油茴香胺值大幅下降, 与本研究结果类似。
碘值反映了油脂的不饱和度, 碘值越高代表油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量越高[24]。由表4可知, M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇后, 鱼油的碘值从199.341 g/100 g略微增加到201.211 g/100 g, 未发生显著改变(P>0.05)。刘一丽[25]使用β-CD脱除羊尾油胆固醇前后, 碘值未发生显著改变, 与本研究结果类似。
油脂的色度主要由油脂中脂溶性色素决定[26]。M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇后, 鱼油的a*略微上升(P> 0.05), b*略微下降(P>0.05), L*显著升高(P<0.05), 鱼油的亮度提高, 可能与M-β-CD脱除了鱼油中被氧化的脂肪酸有关[27]。有研究表示, 当ΔE大于5时, 即可肉眼识别[28]。M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇后, ΔE为2.48, 肉眼不能观察到明显颜色变化。
综上, M-β-CD在脱除鱼油胆固醇的过程中, 可以一定程度上提升鱼油的品质。
M-β-CD脱除胆固醇前, 鱼油中饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acids, SFA)占总脂肪酸的31.35%, 主要是肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)和棕榈酸(C16:0), 单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA)占总脂肪酸的17.00%, 主要是油酸(C16:1)和亚油酸(C18:1), PUFA占总脂肪酸的51.65%, 主要包括EPA (C20:5)和DHA (C22:6), 其中EPA和DHA共占总脂肪酸的38.65%。M-β-CD脱除胆固醇后, 花生四烯酸(C20:4)含量显著下降(P<0.05), C16:1和亚油酸(C18:2n6c)含量未显著改变(P>0.05), 其他脂肪酸的含量均显著升高(P<0.05), M-β-CD脱除胆固醇对鱼油脂肪酸组成的影响如表5所示。值得注意的是, M-β-CD脱除胆固醇未显著改变鱼油中SFA、MUFA、PUFA 3类脂肪酸的占比(P>0.05), 与以往研究的结果类似[29-30]。因此, M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇的过程显著提高了鱼油中大部分不饱和脂肪酸的含量, 但未显著改变鱼油中大类脂肪酸以及EPA+DHA的占比。
本研究通过胆固醇脱除率和鱼油回收率, 筛选确定了M-β-CD为鱼油中胆固醇脱除的最佳材料。探明了M-β-CD添加量、温度和时间对M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇的效果, 通过正交实验优化M-β-CD脱除鱼油中胆固醇的最佳条件为: M-β-CD添加量为30%, 温度为50 ℃, 时间为15 min, 此时胆固醇脱除率为51.34%, 鱼油回收率为84.84%。采用M-β-CD在最佳条件下脱除鱼油中的胆固醇, 鱼油的酸价、过氧化值、茴香胺值显著下降(P<0.05), 碘值未显著改变(P>0.05), SFA、PUFA、MUFA 3类脂肪酸的相对占比未显著改变(P>0.05)。本研究建立了一种基于M-β-CD的鱼油中胆固醇脱除方法, 不仅实现了高胆固醇脱除率和高鱼油回收率, 而且一定程度提升了鱼油的品质, 为低胆固醇高品质鱼油产品的加工提供参考。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2100504)
  • 浙江省舟山市定海科技项目(2022C1110)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240829005
  • 接收时间:2024-08-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-29
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2100504)
浙江省舟山市定海科技项目(2022C1110)
作者信息
    1.浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心(创新应用研究院), 舟山 316022
    2.浙江海洋大学食品与药学学院, 舟山 316022
    3.舟山新诺佳生物工程有限责任公司, 舟山 316022

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*姜维(1987—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为水产品质量与安全控制。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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