Article(id=1153986791767007803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729526400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061491194, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061491194, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061491194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061491194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=53, endPage=58, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986792631034448, articleId=1153986791767007803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of the migration of isosorbide in isosorbide modified polyethylene terephthalate products by gas chromatography, columnId=1153986581653349021, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of migration of isosorbide in isosorbide modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Methods The effects of different chromatographic conditions on the separation of isosorbide were investigated. HP-5 was selected as the separation column and 260 ℃ was selected as the injection port temperature. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the extraction of isosorbide from food simulants were investigated. The olive oil food simulant was extracted with methanol, purified with n-hexane and filtered before analyzed. The 95% ethanol and isooctane simulants were directly analyzed by the machine after filtered. Other food simulants were diluted with methanol and then directly analyzed by the machine. The external standard method was used for quantification. Results Isosorbide had a good linear relationship in the range of 2.5-40.0 mg/L (aqueous food simulants), 0.6-10.0 mg/L (substitute simulants) and 1.5-25.0 mg/kg (fatty food simulants), and the correlation coefficient was above 0.995. The limit of detection of this method for the migration of isosorbide was 0.8 mg/kg (aqueous food simulants), 0.2 mg/kg (substitute simulants) and 0.5 mg/kg (fatty food simulants). The limit of quantification was 2.5 mg/kg (aqueous food simulants), 0.6 mg/kg (substitute simulants) and 1.5 mg/kg (fatty food simulants). The spiked recoveries were 92.0%-112.3%, and the relative standard deviation was 0.2%-4.3% (n=6). Conclusions This method has good linearity, high precision, sensitivity and accuracy, and can meet the detection requirements of isosorbide migration in modified PET products.

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目的 建立气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器法(gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, GC-FID)测定异山梨醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)制品中异山梨醇迁移量的方法。方法 考察不同色谱条件对目标物异山梨醇分离度的影响, 选择HP-5作为分离柱, 260 ℃为进样口温度; 考察不同前处理方法对浸泡液中异山梨醇提取的效果, 橄榄油浸泡液经甲醇提取、正己烷净化并过滤后上机分析, 95%乙醇和异辛烷浸泡液经过滤后直接上机测定, 其他食品模拟物浸泡液用甲醇稀释后直接上机分析; 外标法定量。结果 异山梨醇在2.5~40.0 mg/L(水性模拟物)、0.6~10.0 mg/L(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和1.5~25.0 mg/kg(油脂模拟物)浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数均大于0.995, 该方法对异山梨醇迁移量的检出限为0.8 mg/kg(水性模拟物)、0.2 mg/kg(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和0.5 mg/kg(油脂模拟物), 定量限为2.5 mg/kg(水性模拟物)、0.6 mg/kg(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和1.5 mg/kg(油脂模拟物), 加标回收率为92.0%~112.3%, 相对标准偏差为0.2%~4.3% (n=6)。结论 该方法线性关系良好, 精密度、灵敏度和准确度高, 能够满足改性PET制品中异山梨醇迁移量的检测需求。

, correspAuthors=李丹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李丹(1973—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料安全检测。E-mail:
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吴泽春(1995—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料污染物检测。E-mail:

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吴泽春(1995—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料污染物检测。E-mail:

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注: A. HP-5柱; B. DB-624柱; C. HP-INNowax柱。

, figureFileSmall=6pnWgwQP0w2GeyojGMsj0A==, figureFileBig=B9ETGbRBPyUZZTWMEd43YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803365135091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同色谱柱上异山梨醇的气相色谱图, figureFileSmall=6pnWgwQP0w2GeyojGMsj0A==, figureFileBig=B9ETGbRBPyUZZTWMEd43YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803423855348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Gas chromatograms of isosorbide before and after purification of the methanol extract of olive oil simulant using different solvents, figureFileSmall=zlsuARGQIP5AXuURu+XyDw==, figureFileBig=VLnQHIjXkT2oorR9cxmtPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803490964213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=图2, caption=使用不同溶剂对橄榄油模拟物甲醇提取液净化前后异山梨醇的气相色谱图

注: A. 净化前; B. 异辛烷净化后; C. 正己烷净化后。

, figureFileSmall=zlsuARGQIP5AXuURu+XyDw==, figureFileBig=VLnQHIjXkT2oorR9cxmtPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803553878774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Gas chromatograms of isosorbide after different purification times of the methanol extract of olive oil simulant with n-hexane, figureFileSmall=Txw5ATYWHg1SIcG7VJnyXw==, figureFileBig=r1cnwHzvK8aM6pAfSWFEKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803625181943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=图3, caption=正己烷对橄榄油模拟物甲醇提取液不同净化次数的异山梨醇的气相色谱图

注: A. 1次净化; B. 2次净化; C. 3次净化。

, figureFileSmall=Txw5ATYWHg1SIcG7VJnyXw==, figureFileBig=r1cnwHzvK8aM6pAfSWFEKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803709068024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Variation of instrument response value of isosorbide at different inlet temperatures, figureFileSmall=0jtridNrjMZhf6hAOU2/sw==, figureFileBig=FHUHT6m6AXSGReBBrB0PiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803763593977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同进样口温度下异山梨醇的仪器响应值变化, figureFileSmall=0jtridNrjMZhf6hAOU2/sw==, figureFileBig=FHUHT6m6AXSGReBBrB0PiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803822314234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Gas chromatogram of real sample 6# in 50% ethanol, figureFileSmall=7C/UDNQav+1I4chtc4LNKw==, figureFileBig=sFx7H/qckNkWtnn/Frn92w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369803885228795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=图5, caption=实际样品6#在50%乙醇中的气相色谱图, figureFileSmall=7C/UDNQav+1I4chtc4LNKw==, figureFileBig=sFx7H/qckNkWtnn/Frn92w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369804082361084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Extraction phenomena and effects of different solvents on oil simulants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取溶剂 乙腈 甲醇 丙酮 乙酸乙酯
试验现象 分层 分层 分层 互溶 互溶
提取效率 / /
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804203995901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同溶剂对油脂模拟物的提取现象及效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取溶剂 乙腈 甲醇 丙酮 乙酸乙酯
试验现象 分层 分层 分层 互溶 互溶
提取效率 / /
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804304659198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Extraction phenomena and purification effects of different solvents on olive oil extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取溶剂 丙酮 乙酸乙酯 异辛烷 正己烷
试验现象 互溶 互溶 分层 分层
净化效果 / /
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804371768063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同溶剂对橄榄油提取液的提取现象及净化效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取溶剂 丙酮 乙酸乙酯 异辛烷 正己烷
试验现象 互溶 互溶 分层 分层
净化效果 / /
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804447265536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression equations, linear ranges and correlation coefficients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟物 回归方程 相关系数(r2) 线性范围 检出限/(mg/kg) 定量限/(mg/kg)
4%乙酸 Y=0.7301X-0.0918 0.9999 2.5~40.0 0.8 2.5
10%乙醇 Y=0.7492X-0.1487 0.9999 2.5~40.0 0.8 2.5
50%乙醇 Y=0.7257X-0.0032 0.9999 2.5~40.0 0.8 2.5
95%乙醇 Y=3.9110X-0.8096 0.9998 0.6~10.0 0.2 0.6
异辛烷 Y=2.7444X-2.4526 0.9993 0.6~10.0 0.2 0.6
橄榄油 Y=5.0636X+1.3383 0.9994 1.5~25.0 0.5 1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804585677569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

回归方程、线性范围及相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟物 回归方程 相关系数(r2) 线性范围 检出限/(mg/kg) 定量限/(mg/kg)
4%乙酸 Y=0.7301X-0.0918 0.9999 2.5~40.0 0.8 2.5
10%乙醇 Y=0.7492X-0.1487 0.9999 2.5~40.0 0.8 2.5
50%乙醇 Y=0.7257X-0.0032 0.9999 2.5~40.0 0.8 2.5
95%乙醇 Y=3.9110X-0.8096 0.9998 0.6~10.0 0.2 0.6
异辛烷 Y=2.7444X-2.4526 0.9993 0.6~10.0 0.2 0.6
橄榄油 Y=5.0636X+1.3383 0.9994 1.5~25.0 0.5 1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804682146562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recoveries and RSDs of isosorbide in different simulants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟物 加标量/(mg/kg) 回收率/% RSDs/%
4%乙酸 2.5 92.0~100.2 3.7
10.0 92.5~100.4 3.2
20.0 99.6~100.1 0.2
10%乙醇 2.5 93.8~103.3 4.3
10.0 96.6~100.1 1.1
20.0 99.8~100.2 1.0
50%乙醇 2.5 94.1~102.1 3.8
10.0 95.8~102.7 2.3
20.0 99.8~101.8 0.2
95%乙醇 2.5 92.0~108.7 2.7
10.0 99.8~100.2 0.4
20.0 99.7~100.4 0.4
异辛烷 2.5 94.0~104.3 1.9
10.0 99.6~101.3 0.9
20.0 99.6~100.2 0.8
橄榄油 2.5 102.1~112.3 3.2
10.0 97.8~102.4 1.3
20.0 104.8~106.3 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804799587075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同模拟物中异山梨醇的回收率及RSDs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模拟物 加标量/(mg/kg) 回收率/% RSDs/%
4%乙酸 2.5 92.0~100.2 3.7
10.0 92.5~100.4 3.2
20.0 99.6~100.1 0.2
10%乙醇 2.5 93.8~103.3 4.3
10.0 96.6~100.1 1.1
20.0 99.8~100.2 1.0
50%乙醇 2.5 94.1~102.1 3.8
10.0 95.8~102.7 2.3
20.0 99.8~101.8 0.2
95%乙醇 2.5 92.0~108.7 2.7
10.0 99.8~100.2 0.4
20.0 99.7~100.4 0.4
异辛烷 2.5 94.0~104.3 1.9
10.0 99.6~101.3 0.9
20.0 99.6~100.2 0.8
橄榄油 2.5 102.1~112.3 3.2
10.0 97.8~102.4 1.3
20.0 104.8~106.3 0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804879278852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test results of real samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号与
名称
测试条件 使用
场景
样品异山梨醇迁移量/(mg/kg)
1#透明蓝色
壶身
3%乙酸, 40 ℃, 3 d 可重复性使用 1st: N.D.; 2nd: N.D.; 3rd: N.D.
2#塑料杯 10%乙醇, 40 ℃, 3 d 可重复性使用 1st: N.D.; 2nd: N.D.; 3rd: N.D.
3#塑料瓶 10%乙醇, 40 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
4#黄色PET瓶 50%乙醇, 40 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
5#吸管杯 50%乙醇, 40 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
6#塑料瓶 50%乙醇, 60 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 2.8
7#黄色PET瓶 50%乙醇, 60 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
8#PET瓶 10%乙醇,
60 ℃, 10 d
一次性使用 N.D.
), ArticleFig(id=1174369804950582021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986791767007803, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

实际样品检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号与
名称
测试条件 使用
场景
样品异山梨醇迁移量/(mg/kg)
1#透明蓝色
壶身
3%乙酸, 40 ℃, 3 d 可重复性使用 1st: N.D.; 2nd: N.D.; 3rd: N.D.
2#塑料杯 10%乙醇, 40 ℃, 3 d 可重复性使用 1st: N.D.; 2nd: N.D.; 3rd: N.D.
3#塑料瓶 10%乙醇, 40 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
4#黄色PET瓶 50%乙醇, 40 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
5#吸管杯 50%乙醇, 40 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
6#塑料瓶 50%乙醇, 60 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 2.8
7#黄色PET瓶 50%乙醇, 60 ℃, 10 d 一次性使用 N.D.
8#PET瓶 10%乙醇,
60 ℃, 10 d
一次性使用 N.D.
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气相色谱法测定异山梨醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制品中异山梨醇的迁移量
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吴泽春 , 曾莹 , 莫单评 , 李丹 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(1): 53-58
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(1): 53-58
气相色谱法测定异山梨醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制品中异山梨醇的迁移量
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吴泽春 , 曾莹, 莫单评, 李丹*
作者信息
  • 广州海关技术中心, 国家食品接触材料检测重点实验室(广东), 广州 510623
  • 吴泽春(1995—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料污染物检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李丹(1973—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料安全检测。E-mail:
Determination of the migration of isosorbide in isosorbide modified polyethylene terephthalate products by gas chromatography
Ze-Chun WU , Ying ZENG, Dan-Ping MO, Dan LI*
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou Customs District Technology Center (IQTC), National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou 510623, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022003
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目的 建立气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器法(gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, GC-FID)测定异山梨醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)制品中异山梨醇迁移量的方法。方法 考察不同色谱条件对目标物异山梨醇分离度的影响, 选择HP-5作为分离柱, 260 ℃为进样口温度; 考察不同前处理方法对浸泡液中异山梨醇提取的效果, 橄榄油浸泡液经甲醇提取、正己烷净化并过滤后上机分析, 95%乙醇和异辛烷浸泡液经过滤后直接上机测定, 其他食品模拟物浸泡液用甲醇稀释后直接上机分析; 外标法定量。结果 异山梨醇在2.5~40.0 mg/L(水性模拟物)、0.6~10.0 mg/L(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和1.5~25.0 mg/kg(油脂模拟物)浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数均大于0.995, 该方法对异山梨醇迁移量的检出限为0.8 mg/kg(水性模拟物)、0.2 mg/kg(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和0.5 mg/kg(油脂模拟物), 定量限为2.5 mg/kg(水性模拟物)、0.6 mg/kg(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和1.5 mg/kg(油脂模拟物), 加标回收率为92.0%~112.3%, 相对标准偏差为0.2%~4.3% (n=6)。结论 该方法线性关系良好, 精密度、灵敏度和准确度高, 能够满足改性PET制品中异山梨醇迁移量的检测需求。

异山梨醇  /  迁移量  /  改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯  /  食品接触材料  /  气相色谱法

Objective To establish a method for the determination of migration of isosorbide in isosorbide modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Methods The effects of different chromatographic conditions on the separation of isosorbide were investigated. HP-5 was selected as the separation column and 260 ℃ was selected as the injection port temperature. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the extraction of isosorbide from food simulants were investigated. The olive oil food simulant was extracted with methanol, purified with n-hexane and filtered before analyzed. The 95% ethanol and isooctane simulants were directly analyzed by the machine after filtered. Other food simulants were diluted with methanol and then directly analyzed by the machine. The external standard method was used for quantification. Results Isosorbide had a good linear relationship in the range of 2.5-40.0 mg/L (aqueous food simulants), 0.6-10.0 mg/L (substitute simulants) and 1.5-25.0 mg/kg (fatty food simulants), and the correlation coefficient was above 0.995. The limit of detection of this method for the migration of isosorbide was 0.8 mg/kg (aqueous food simulants), 0.2 mg/kg (substitute simulants) and 0.5 mg/kg (fatty food simulants). The limit of quantification was 2.5 mg/kg (aqueous food simulants), 0.6 mg/kg (substitute simulants) and 1.5 mg/kg (fatty food simulants). The spiked recoveries were 92.0%-112.3%, and the relative standard deviation was 0.2%-4.3% (n=6). Conclusions This method has good linearity, high precision, sensitivity and accuracy, and can meet the detection requirements of isosorbide migration in modified PET products.

isosorbide  /  migration  /  modified polyethylene terephthalate  /  food contact material  /  gas chromatography
吴泽春, 曾莹, 莫单评, 李丹. 气相色谱法测定异山梨醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制品中异山梨醇的迁移量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 53 -58 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022003
Ze-Chun WU, Ying ZENG, Dan-Ping MO, Dan LI. Determination of the migration of isosorbide in isosorbide modified polyethylene terephthalate products by gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 53 -58 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022003
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate, PET)是饮用水和饮料行业常用的塑料类包装材料[1-5]。但由于PET的玻璃化转变温度Tg较低(80 ℃)[6-10], 耐热性较差, 热灌装温度较高时易发生收缩变形[11]; 而用异山梨醇(即1,4:3,6-二脱水山梨醇)对PET进行改性后, 耐热性能得到显著改善[12-15]。目前, 修订后新版的GB 4806.7—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用塑料材料及制品》对食品接触用异山梨醇改性的PET材料给出了明确的限量要求: 异山梨醇特定迁移量限量不得超过5 mg/kg。但目前尚未见有食品接触材料中异山梨醇迁移量的检测方法标准。
目前, 关于异山梨醇的检测方法研究主要集中在药品分析领域[16], 采用的分析方法主要采用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)法[17-18]。但这些方法仅适用于基质相对简单的药品, 而食品接触材料所用的模拟物种类多, 基质复杂(如植物油)[19-21], 难以采用文献报道所用的样品前处理方法。针对异山梨醇沸点不高(175 ℃)[22]、具有一定的挥发性、以及对热稳定的特点[23-24], 本研究采用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, GC-FID)检测异山梨醇的迁移量。同时, 由于油脂类模拟物的基质复杂, 本研究还对油脂类模拟物的前处理步骤包括提取溶剂与净化方法进行优化。本研究建立异山梨醇迁移量的GC测定方法, 并将该方法应用于实际样品检测, 考察异山梨醇的迁移水平, 以期为食品接触材料中异山梨醇的风险管控提供有效可靠的技术支持。
8890型气相色谱仪(配FID检测器)、HP-5色谱柱(30 m× 0.32 mm, 0.25 μm)、DB-624色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm, 0.25 μm)、HP-INNowax色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm, 0.25 μm)(美国Agilent公司); XW-80A型涡旋混合器(上海医科大学仪器厂); XSR分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司); HHitech超纯水系统(上海和泰有限公司)。
8款异山梨醇改性PET食品接触制品均购自网络平台。
异山梨醇(纯度99%, 上海安谱公司); 甲醇、正己烷、异辛烷、甲基叔丁基醚(色谱纯, 德国Merck公司); 橄榄油(分析纯, 上海麦克林试剂公司)。
称取适量的异山梨醇, 用甲基叔丁基醚配制成质量浓度为1000 mg/L的标准储备液。然后用基质匹配法, 取各种不同的食品模拟物对标准储备液进行逐级稀释, 配制成各种食品模拟物的标准工作溶液, 具体配制步骤如下:
对于橄榄油模拟物: 在5个30 mL试管中分别称取(5.0±0.1) g橄榄油, 再分别加入12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0、200.0 μL标准储备液, 混匀, 配制成浓度分别为2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 mg/kg的橄榄油标准工作溶液。
对于4%乙酸、10%乙醇、50%乙醇、95%乙醇和异辛烷等其他食品模拟物: 分别向5个10 mL容量瓶内分别加入25.0、50.0、100.0、200.0、400.0 μL标准储备液, 再用相应的食品模拟物稀释并定容到10 mL, 配制成质量浓度分别为2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、40.0 mg/L的标准工作溶液。
按照GB 31604.1—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品迁移试验通则》及GB 5009.156—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品迁移试验预处理方法通则》的规定对样品进行迁移试验, 取迁移试验后得到的浸泡液用于分析。
(1)迁移试验模拟物样品处理
对于橄榄油浸泡液, 称取(2.0±0.1) g模拟物置于玻璃试管中, 加入2 mL甲醇, 涡旋1 min后, 将下层清液转移至另一洁净玻璃试管中, 加入2 mL正己烷, 涡旋振荡5 min后, 弃去上层的正己烷层, 保留下层清液, 重复操作3次后, 取下层清液, 用0.45 μm有机相滤膜过滤至2 mL进样瓶中, 待上机测定。
对于水基食品模拟物(水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇、20%乙醇和50%乙醇), 准确移取2 mL迁移试验后所得浸泡液于10 mL容量瓶内, 用甲醇定容到刻度, 混匀, 过滤至玻璃进样小瓶中, 待上机测定。
对于异辛烷和95%乙醇浸泡液, 取1 mL直接过滤到进样小瓶中, 待上机测定。
(2)色谱条件
色谱柱: HP-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm, 0.25 μm); 载气为氮气, 流速1.5 mL/min, 不分流进样; 进样口温度: 260 ℃; 柱温: 初始温度80 ℃、保持1 min, 20 ℃/min升至260 ℃, 保持3 min; 进样量: 1 µL。样品溶液与异山梨醇标准品的色谱峰在相同保留时间处(±0.5%)出现, 可定性为异山梨醇。建立标准曲线, 用外标法定量。
所有样品平行测定3次, 取3次测试平均值。数据使用Agilent Open Lab CDS Data Analysis 2.5 软件进行定量分析, 使用Origin 2020软件进行作图。
用标准溶液考察目标物在非极性的HP-5、中等极性的DB-624及强极性的HP-INNOwax 3种不同色谱柱[25-27]上的出峰情况, 得到的色谱图如图1所示。结果表明, 相同升温程序下异山梨醇出峰时间随色谱柱极性增加而延后(在3种色谱柱上保留时间分别为4.8、8.4、11.3 min); 在DB-624柱上溶剂峰的拖尾现象较为明显, 对目标物的峰形产生一定程度的影响; 在HP-INNOWax柱上则目标物的出峰时间偏后, 对于单种目标物测试来说仪器分析耗时偏长。因此综合考虑, 选择非极性的HP-5色谱柱作为分离柱。
分别使用水、乙腈、甲醇、丙酮及乙酸乙酯等不同溶剂, 考察对橄榄油浸泡液中异山梨醇的提取效果。结果表明, 极性较强的水、乙腈及甲醇与橄榄油会出现分层, 而中等极性的丙酮和乙酸乙酯会与橄榄油互溶(现象见表1)。用水作提取溶剂会将较多的水引入色谱柱, 影响色谱柱的使用寿命[28], 且提取效率不及甲醇和乙腈。比较甲醇和乙腈的提取效率, 发现甲醇的提取效率较乙腈更高, 且使用甲醇的成本较乙腈更低, 因此选用甲醇作为提取溶剂。
图2A可见, 使用甲醇对橄榄油浸泡液进行提取时, 在目标物色谱峰附近有较明显的干扰峰出现, 经气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS)鉴别, 主要为橄榄油中的油酸及脂肪酸甲酯等杂质[29-30], 因此考虑用有机溶剂对甲醇提取液进行洗涤净化以减少进入色谱系统的杂质组分。分别用丙酮、乙酸乙酯、异辛烷及正己烷等不同种类的常用溶剂, 对甲醇提取液进行涡旋振荡提取, 试验现象见表2。由于丙酮和乙酸乙酯无法与甲醇分层, 因此不予考虑。对正己烷和异辛烷提取净化后的溶液, 取上层清液用GC-FID法测定, 发现异辛烷及正己烷净化效果较为接近, 杂质峰降低均较为明显(图2), 能有效减少油脂模拟物中的杂质组分进入色谱系统, 避免进样口和色谱柱受到污染。但由于正己烷的使用成本较异辛烷更低, 因此选择正己烷作为净化剂。
通过试验发现, 用正己烷进行3次净化后, 杂质峰相对于目标物的峰强度已显著减小, 对目标物色谱峰已无明显干扰(图3), 表明进入色谱系统的杂质组分已显著减少, 因此选择进行3次净化。
对同一浓度的标准溶液, 分别从200~300 ℃设置不同的进样口温度, 考察进样口温度对目标物响应值的影响。得到的响应值随进样口温度的变化情况如图4所示。结果表明响应值会随进样口温度的升高而增加, 但当进样口温度达到260 ℃以后, 响应值基本上不再增加, 而且在300 ℃时还会呈现下降趋势。因此选择260 ℃作为进样口温度。
以标准工作溶液中异山梨醇的峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 对应的质量浓度为横坐标(X, mg/L或 mg/kg)进行线性回归, 绘制标准工作曲线。在2.5~40.0 mg/L(水性模拟物)、0.6~10.0 mg/L(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和1.5~25.0 mg/kg(油脂模拟物)浓度范围内, 相关系数r2≥0.995, 峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系。各模拟物的线性方程与r2表3。取不含目标化合物的改性PET阴性样品进行迁移试验, 向迁移试验后的浸泡液中加标。按1.2.3对加标后的浸泡液进行前处理和仪器分析。以信噪比S/N=3时的浓度作为方法检出限, S/N=10时的浓度作为方法定量限, 可得到目标物在各食品模拟物浸泡液中的检出限为0.8 mg/kg(水性模拟物)、0.2 mg/kg(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和0.5 mg/kg(油脂模拟物), 定量限为2.5 mg/kg(水性模拟物)、0.6 mg/kg(油脂替代溶剂模拟物)和1.5 mg/kg(油脂模拟物)。结果表明, 该方法的灵敏度能满足产品标准GB 4806.7—2023对异山梨醇迁移量的限值要求。
取不含目标化合物的改性PET阴性样品进行迁移试验后得到的浸泡液, 分别进行高、中、低3浓度水平加标, 每个浓度水平平行添加6份, 测得的回收率及相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)见表4。结果表明, 回收率在92.0%~112.3%之间, RSDs范围为0.2~4.3%, 表明方法具有较好的准确度和精密度。
利用本方法对8款改性PET实际样品中异山梨醇的迁移量进行测试, 在其中一款样品(6#)中检出了异山梨醇迁移量, 检测结果如表5所示。图5为样品6#的色谱图。
本研究建立了GC-FID对改性PET中异山梨醇迁移量的测定方法, 模拟物包括4%乙酸、10%乙醇、95%乙醇、异辛烷和橄榄油。该方法线性关系良好, 精密度、灵敏度和准确度高, 能够满足改性PET制品中异山梨醇迁移量的检测需求, 可用于改性PET制品的安全监管与产品质量控制。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241022003
  • 接收时间:2024-10-22
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-22
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    广州海关技术中心, 国家食品接触材料检测重点实验室(广东), 广州 510623

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*李丹(1973—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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