Article(id=1153986786176000542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241113003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731427200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061489861, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061489861, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061489861, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061489861, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=15, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986786981306912, articleId=1153986786176000542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of perchlorate migration in food contact plastic products by large volume injection-ion chromatography, columnId=1153986581653349021, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish and optimize a method for the determination of perchlorate (ClO4-) migration in food contact plastic products by large volume injection-ion chromatography (IC). Methods Water, 3% acetic acid (m:V), 4% acetic acid (V:V), 10% ethanol (V:V), 20% ethanol (V:V), 50% ethanol (V:V), and 95% ethanol (V:V) were selected as food simulants, and the isocratic elution was performed with a mixture of 14 mmol/L anhydrous sodium carbonate and 20% acetonitrile (volume fraction) as mobile phases, with an injection volume of 800 μL and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The separation was performed on a Metrosep A Supp 4 ion chromatography column (250 mm× 4.0 mm, 9.0 μm) and a Metrosep A Supp RP Guard guard column (50 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm) at a column temperature of 30 ℃ with a conductivity detector for the determination and the quantification of the extract by the external standard method. Results The method validation results showed that the method was linear with the linear correlation coefficient of the standard working curve greater than 0.995. The limit of detection was 0.15 μg/kg, the limit of quantification was 0.50 μg/kg, and the recoveries were 83.2%~99.1%, and the precision was 2.7%~9.1% (n=6). Conclusion The method is reliable, convenient, sensitive, has good separation effects, and suitable for the determination of perchlorate migration in food contact plastic products.

, correspAuthors=Dan LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jie CHEN, Man MO, Kun WEI, Hao-Cheng YAO, Dan LI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986817452925344, articleId=1153986786176000542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=大体积进样-离子色谱法测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量, columnId=1153986778571723567, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立并优化大体积进样-离子色谱法(ion chromatography, IC)测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐(ClO4-)迁移量的检测方法。方法 选用水、3%乙酸(m:V)、4%乙酸(V:V)、10%乙醇(V:V)、20%乙醇(V:V)、50%乙醇(V:V)、95%乙醇(V:V)作为食品模拟物, 以14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠和20%乙腈(体积分数)混合溶液作为流动相进行等度洗脱, 进样量800 μL, 流速1.0 mL/min, 采用Metrosep A Supp 4离子色谱柱(250 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm)和Metrosep A Supp RP Guard保护柱(50 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm), 柱温30 ℃, 以电导检测器进行测定, 外标法定量。结果 方法验证结果表明, 该方法线性关系良好, 标准工作曲线的线性相关系数大于0.995, 方法检出限为0.15 μg/kg, 定量限为0.50 μg/kg, 加标回收率为83.2%~99.1%, 精密度为2.7%~9.1% (n=6)。结论 该方法可靠、方便、灵敏, 分离效果好, 适用于食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量的检测。

, correspAuthors=李丹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李丹(1973—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料检测及安全评估研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=DBKqug241/+qN8Af+BoMeg==, magXml=HaupGxr8diZd3X8fC7uDag==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=SFsxpKe4JjQf3A55FIJrlA==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1XQmM+ShffJJZYJK3c9S5g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈杰(1996—), 男, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生学及食品相关产品检测研究。E-mail:

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陈杰(1996—), 男, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生学及食品相关产品检测研究。E-mail:

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陈杰(1996—), 男, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生学及食品相关产品检测研究。E-mail:

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Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2024, 42(10): 923-934., articleTitle=Advances in the application of ion chromatography-mass spectrometry in the fields of life and health, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369786575339817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=21, pageStart=7115, pageEnd=7120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=38, authorNames=宋瑞, 李清清, 陆志芸, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋瑞, 李清清, 陆志芸. 食品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分析方法综述[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2019, 10(21): 7115-7120., articleTitle=食品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐分析方法综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369786688586026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=10, issue=21, pageStart=7115, pageEnd=7120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=39, authorNames=SONG R, LI QQ, LU ZY, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG R, LI QQ, LU ZY. Discussion on analytical method of chlorate and perchlorate in food[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2019, 10(21): 7115-7120., articleTitle=Discussion on analytical method of chlorate and perchlorate in food, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369786743111979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=360, issue=null, pageStart=130146, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=40, authorNames=HU J, XIAN Y, WU Y, journalName=Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU J, XIAN Y, WU Y, et al. Perchlorate occurrence in foodstuffs and water: Analytical methods and techniques for removal from water-A review[J]. 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Cleveland, Oh: The Chemical Rubber Publishing, 1962., articleTitle=CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics:A ready-reference book of chemical and physical data (44th), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369787007353134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=62, issue=3, pageStart=245, pageEnd=256, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=43, authorNames=VIDRA A, NÉMETH Á, journalName=Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VIDRA A, NÉMETH Á. Bio-produced acetic acid: A review[J]. 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Reviews on Environmental Health, 2021, 36(2): 199-222., articleTitle=Perchlorate-properties, toxicity and human health effects: An updated review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1174369783559635199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, awardId=2022YFF0607202, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0607202), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369779457605817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369779461800122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, companyId=1174369779457605817, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369779474383035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, companyId=1174369779457605817, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州海关技术中心, 广州 510000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369781802221789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Peak appearance of perchlorate on different ion chromatographic columns

注: a. Metrosep A supp 4; b. Metrosep A Supp 5; c. Metrosep A Supp 7。

, figureFileSmall=e/WkSMWgKXiSe7fV4DAU8g==, figureFileBig=D2yoFls0G7bvhulsxzQ54A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369781881913566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=图1, caption=高氯酸盐在不同离子色谱柱上的出峰情况, figureFileSmall=e/WkSMWgKXiSe7fV4DAU8g==, figureFileBig=D2yoFls0G7bvhulsxzQ54A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369781940633824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ion chromatograms of perchlorate under the influence of different organic additives, figureFileSmall=YmpF7Rv0tPFRwjm6S8HOzg==, figureFileBig=JQgEM+Ekh9tqJUn4/PADLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782011936994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同有机助剂影响下高氯酸盐的离子色谱图

注: a. 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+10%甲醇; b. 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+10%乙腈; c. 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+10%丙酮。

, figureFileSmall=YmpF7Rv0tPFRwjm6S8HOzg==, figureFileBig=JQgEM+Ekh9tqJUn4/PADLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782175514853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ion chromatograms of perchlorate under the influence of different acetonitrile concentrations, figureFileSmall=LWSNR4KApC8H70uqWnmEfw==, figureFileBig=NTl+jS/RHLHw8ighksyG0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782251012327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同乙腈浓度影响下高氯酸盐的离子色谱图

注: a. 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+10%乙腈; b. 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+20%乙腈; c. 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+25%乙腈。

, figureFileSmall=LWSNR4KApC8H70uqWnmEfw==, figureFileBig=NTl+jS/RHLHw8ighksyG0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782322315496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of the effects of different injection methods on the peak area of perchlorate (n=6), figureFileSmall=ShGWaE0uqPwdbYNqUxStNA==, figureFileBig=Df4JbKGmkbRcdUqpfDRc+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782385230057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同进样方法对高氯酸盐峰面积的影响比较(n=6), figureFileSmall=ShGWaE0uqPwdbYNqUxStNA==, figureFileBig=Df4JbKGmkbRcdUqpfDRc+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782477504746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Ion chromatogram of perchlorate in a polyvinyl chloride sample in 10% ethanol, figureFileSmall=3QT/YdO5M+0ohvGdQ4snvA==, figureFileBig=PhNVrwnm5EwqVfONZET0Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782553002221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=图5, caption=某聚氯乙烯样品在10%乙醇中的高氯酸盐离子色谱图, figureFileSmall=3QT/YdO5M+0ohvGdQ4snvA==, figureFileBig=PhNVrwnm5EwqVfONZET0Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369782611722479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Migration test conditions for 7 kinds of food simulants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品模拟物(基质) 迁移温度/℃ 迁移时间/h
100 2
3%乙酸 100 2
4%乙酸 100 2
10%乙醇 回流温度 2
20%乙醇 回流温度 2
50%乙醇 回流温度 2
95%乙醇 60 2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369782662054129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

7种食品模拟物的迁移试验条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品模拟物(基质) 迁移温度/℃ 迁移时间/h
100 2
3%乙酸 100 2
4%乙酸 100 2
10%乙醇 回流温度 2
20%乙醇 回流温度 2
50%乙醇 回流温度 2
95%乙醇 60 2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369782737551604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Chromatographic conditions of 3 kinds of columns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
离子色谱柱 流动相 流速/(mL/min) 柱温/℃ 定量环/μL
Metrosep A Supp 4 1.7 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+1.8 mmol/L无水碳酸钠 1.0 30 20
Metrosep A Supp 5 1.0 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+3.2 mmol/L无水碳酸钠 0.7 30 20
Metrosep A Supp 7 3.6 mmol/L无水碳酸钠 0.8 45 20
), ArticleFig(id=1174369782813049078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3款色谱柱的色谱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
离子色谱柱 流动相 流速/(mL/min) 柱温/℃ 定量环/μL
Metrosep A Supp 4 1.7 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+1.8 mmol/L无水碳酸钠 1.0 30 20
Metrosep A Supp 5 1.0 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+3.2 mmol/L无水碳酸钠 0.7 30 20
Metrosep A Supp 7 3.6 mmol/L无水碳酸钠 0.8 45 20
), ArticleFig(id=1174369782880157944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linear equations, correlation coefficients, linear ranges, limits of detection and limits of quantification of perchlorate ions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品模拟物(基质) 线性方程 相关系数(r2) 线性范围/(μg/L) 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
Y=0.0309X+0.0005 0.9984 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
3%乙酸 Y=0.0240X+0.0004 0.9985 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
4%乙酸 Y=0.0264X+0.0006 0.9974 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
10%乙醇 Y=0.0270X+0.0006 0.9988 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
20%乙醇 Y=0.0269X+0.0005 0.9975 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
50%乙醇 Y=0.0251X+0.0007 0.9972 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
95%乙醇 Y=0.0249X+0.0004 0.9968 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
), ArticleFig(id=1174369782968238330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高氯酸盐离子的线性方程、相关系数、线性范围、检出限和定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品模拟物(基质) 线性方程 相关系数(r2) 线性范围/(μg/L) 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
Y=0.0309X+0.0005 0.9984 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
3%乙酸 Y=0.0240X+0.0004 0.9985 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
4%乙酸 Y=0.0264X+0.0006 0.9974 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
10%乙醇 Y=0.0270X+0.0006 0.9988 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
20%乙醇 Y=0.0269X+0.0005 0.9975 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
50%乙醇 Y=0.0251X+0.0007 0.9972 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
95%乙醇 Y=0.0249X+0.0004 0.9968 0.5~5.0 0.15 0.50
), ArticleFig(id=1174369783081484539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recoveries and precisions of perchlorate ion at different spiked levels (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品模拟物(基质) 添加水平/(μg/kg) 回收率/% RSDs/%
0.5 91.2~93.2 5.1
2.0 93.9~95.5 4.5
4.0 96.5~99.1 3.8
3%乙酸 0.5 83.5~85.4 8.2
2.0 84.2~86.8 7.5
4.0 84.9~91.1 6.5
4%乙酸 0.5 83.4~85.7 9.1
2.0 83.6~85.9 8.2
4.0 83.8~86.1 7.3
10%乙醇 0.5 91.4~93.8 4.5
2.0 93.4~94.5 3.2
4.0 95.1~98.8 2.7
20%乙醇 0.5 90.8~93.8 5.8
2.0 91.3~95.7 4.5
4.0 90.6~96.8 3.8
50%乙醇 0.5 85.5~87.1 8.6
2.0 86.7~87.2 7.1
4.0 87.2~89.7 6.5
95%乙醇 0.5 83.2~81.9 9.1
2.0 83.9~83.1 8.3
4.0 84.5~85.3 7.7
), ArticleFig(id=1174369783224090876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

高氯酸盐离子在不同添加水平下的回收率和精密度(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品模拟物(基质) 添加水平/(μg/kg) 回收率/% RSDs/%
0.5 91.2~93.2 5.1
2.0 93.9~95.5 4.5
4.0 96.5~99.1 3.8
3%乙酸 0.5 83.5~85.4 8.2
2.0 84.2~86.8 7.5
4.0 84.9~91.1 6.5
4%乙酸 0.5 83.4~85.7 9.1
2.0 83.6~85.9 8.2
4.0 83.8~86.1 7.3
10%乙醇 0.5 91.4~93.8 4.5
2.0 93.4~94.5 3.2
4.0 95.1~98.8 2.7
20%乙醇 0.5 90.8~93.8 5.8
2.0 91.3~95.7 4.5
4.0 90.6~96.8 3.8
50%乙醇 0.5 85.5~87.1 8.6
2.0 86.7~87.2 7.1
4.0 87.2~89.7 6.5
95%乙醇 0.5 83.2~81.9 9.1
2.0 83.9~83.1 8.3
4.0 84.5~85.3 7.7
), ArticleFig(id=1174369783312171261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of perchlorate migration in polyvinyl chloride sheet samples (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品
模拟物
高氯酸盐迁移量/(μg/kg) 检出率
/%
不合格率/%
第一次 第二次 第三次
ND. ND. ND. 0 0
3%乙酸 ND.~1.59 ND.~0.75 ND. 20 0
4%乙酸 ND.~1.68 ND.~0.82 ND. 20 0
10%乙醇 ND.~1.24 ND. ND. 20 0
20%乙醇 ND.~0.81 ND. ND. 20 0
50%乙醇 ND. ND. ND. 0 0
95%乙醇 ND. ND. ND. 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369783408640254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986786176000542, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

聚氯乙烯片材样品中高氯酸盐迁移量的结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品
模拟物
高氯酸盐迁移量/(μg/kg) 检出率
/%
不合格率/%
第一次 第二次 第三次
ND. ND. ND. 0 0
3%乙酸 ND.~1.59 ND.~0.75 ND. 20 0
4%乙酸 ND.~1.68 ND.~0.82 ND. 20 0
10%乙醇 ND.~1.24 ND. ND. 20 0
20%乙醇 ND.~0.81 ND. ND. 20 0
50%乙醇 ND. ND. ND. 0 0
95%乙醇 ND. ND. ND. 0 0
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大体积进样-离子色谱法测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量
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陈杰 , 莫蔓 , 魏坤 , 姚皓程 , 李丹 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(1): 15-21
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(1): 15-21
大体积进样-离子色谱法测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量
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陈杰 , 莫蔓, 魏坤, 姚皓程, 李丹*
作者信息
  • 广州海关技术中心, 广州 510000
  • 陈杰(1996—), 男, 助理工程师, 主要研究方向为食品卫生学及食品相关产品检测研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李丹(1973—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料检测及安全评估研究。E-mail:
Determination of perchlorate migration in food contact plastic products by large volume injection-ion chromatography
Jie CHEN , Man MO, Kun WEI, Hao-Cheng YAO, Dan LI*
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241113003
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目的 建立并优化大体积进样-离子色谱法(ion chromatography, IC)测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐(ClO4-)迁移量的检测方法。方法 选用水、3%乙酸(m:V)、4%乙酸(V:V)、10%乙醇(V:V)、20%乙醇(V:V)、50%乙醇(V:V)、95%乙醇(V:V)作为食品模拟物, 以14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠和20%乙腈(体积分数)混合溶液作为流动相进行等度洗脱, 进样量800 μL, 流速1.0 mL/min, 采用Metrosep A Supp 4离子色谱柱(250 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm)和Metrosep A Supp RP Guard保护柱(50 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm), 柱温30 ℃, 以电导检测器进行测定, 外标法定量。结果 方法验证结果表明, 该方法线性关系良好, 标准工作曲线的线性相关系数大于0.995, 方法检出限为0.15 μg/kg, 定量限为0.50 μg/kg, 加标回收率为83.2%~99.1%, 精密度为2.7%~9.1% (n=6)。结论 该方法可靠、方便、灵敏, 分离效果好, 适用于食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量的检测。

高氯酸盐  /  大体积进样-离子色谱法  /  食品接触用塑料  /  迁移量

Objective To establish and optimize a method for the determination of perchlorate (ClO4-) migration in food contact plastic products by large volume injection-ion chromatography (IC). Methods Water, 3% acetic acid (m:V), 4% acetic acid (V:V), 10% ethanol (V:V), 20% ethanol (V:V), 50% ethanol (V:V), and 95% ethanol (V:V) were selected as food simulants, and the isocratic elution was performed with a mixture of 14 mmol/L anhydrous sodium carbonate and 20% acetonitrile (volume fraction) as mobile phases, with an injection volume of 800 μL and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The separation was performed on a Metrosep A Supp 4 ion chromatography column (250 mm× 4.0 mm, 9.0 μm) and a Metrosep A Supp RP Guard guard column (50 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm) at a column temperature of 30 ℃ with a conductivity detector for the determination and the quantification of the extract by the external standard method. Results The method validation results showed that the method was linear with the linear correlation coefficient of the standard working curve greater than 0.995. The limit of detection was 0.15 μg/kg, the limit of quantification was 0.50 μg/kg, and the recoveries were 83.2%~99.1%, and the precision was 2.7%~9.1% (n=6). Conclusion The method is reliable, convenient, sensitive, has good separation effects, and suitable for the determination of perchlorate migration in food contact plastic products.

perchlorate  /  large volume injection-ion chromatography  /  food contact plastics  /  migration
陈杰, 莫蔓, 魏坤, 姚皓程, 李丹. 大体积进样-离子色谱法测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 15 -21 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241113003
Jie CHEN, Man MO, Kun WEI, Hao-Cheng YAO, Dan LI. Determination of perchlorate migration in food contact plastic products by large volume injection-ion chromatography[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 15 -21 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241113003
食品接触材料的安全性与食品安全密切相关。高氯酸盐是塑料类食品接触材料中常见的添加剂, 能起到提高塑料的耐高温性能, 改善塑料的机械性能和耐化学性, 促进塑料的发泡, 提高产品的电性能和耐腐蚀性等作用[1-4]。然而, 有研究表明, 高氯酸盐可能是一种内分泌干扰物, 接触或摄入可能对人体造成损害[5-7], 会干扰甲状腺的正常功能[8-9], 妊娠期间导致母体甲状腺功能障碍可能会改变胎儿大脑发育[10], 包括刺激呼吸道、皮肤或引发中毒反应[11-14]。GB 9685—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品用添加剂使用标准》规定了高氯酸钠的特定迁移量限值(specific migration limit, SML)为0.005 mg/kg。2023年7月12日, 欧盟委员会(Commission of European Union, EU)发布食品接触用塑料法规(EU) 10/2011的修订案(EU) 2023/1442, 确认了三乙醇胺-高氯酸盐、钠盐二聚体(编号为FCM No.1080)在与水和酸性水性食品接触时的安全性[15], 将高氯酸盐(编号为FCM No.822)的特定迁移限值设为0.002 mg/kg (2.0 μg/kg)。
已报道的针对高氯酸盐的检测方法主要有高效液相色谱法[16-17]、液相色谱-质谱法[18-20]、红外光谱法[21]、拉曼光谱法[22]、电化学传感法[23-25]、荧光检测法[26]、离子色谱法[27-30]和离子色谱-质谱法[31-35]等, 但这些检测方法主要涉及食品、化妆品、航天、环境等领域, 针对食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐迁移量的研究报道较少。由于高氯酸盐是高氯酸这种强酸形成的盐, 在水溶液中基本上都以高氯酸根离子形式存在, 因此适合用离子色谱法进行检测。本研究基于离子色谱法的高灵敏度和高选择性, 结合大体积进样技术, 通过优化色谱柱、流动相组成和柱温、固定剂等关键参数, 开发了一种适用于食品接触材料中高氯酸盐迁移量测定的方法, 以满足食品接触材料中高氯酸盐迁移量的日常检测和风险评估需求。
塑料片材(包括聚乙烯3款、聚丙烯2款、聚碳酸酯2款、聚苯乙烯3款、聚氯乙烯5款、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯3款、聚酰胺2款): 部分由实验室日常检测样品中收集, 部分购自电商平台。
高氯酸盐标准溶液(质量浓度1000 mg/L, 中国钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司); 乙腈、丙酮(色谱纯, 德国CNW科技公司); 乙酸(分析纯, 广州化学试剂有限公司); 无水碳酸钠(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); 实验用水为Milli-Q超纯水; 微孔过滤膜(有机系, 直径50 mm/孔径0.22 μm, 天津津腾实验设备有限公司); 有机相尼龙针式滤膜(直径13 mm/孔径0.22 μm, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司)。
930 Compact IC Flex离子色谱仪(配863 Compact Autosampler自动进样模块、MSN-A Rotor阴离子化学抑制器、电导检测器和MagIC色谱工作站)、Metrosep A Supp 4色谱柱(250 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm)、Metrosep A Supp 4 Guard保护柱(50 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm)(瑞士万通股份公司); Sartorius Quintix分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 德国赛多利斯公司); 101-3AB型电热鼓风干燥箱(中国天津泰斯特仪器有限公司); SPH-110X12型恒温震荡水浴锅(上海世平实验设备有限公司); HH-M8型蒸发水浴锅(江苏新春兰科学仪器有限公司); Millipore Milli-Q Reference超纯水系统(法国默克密理博公司); GM-0.33A型真空抽滤泵(天津津腾实验设备有限公司)。
(1)标准储备溶液的配制
取0.1 mL高氯酸盐标准溶液(1000 mg/L)至7个100 mL容量瓶中, 分别用水、3%乙酸、4%乙酸、10%乙醇、20%乙醇、50%乙醇、95%乙醇稀释并定容至刻度, 配制成质量浓度均为1.0 mg/L的标准储备溶液, 4 ℃下密闭保存。
(2)标准中间溶液的配制
取1 mL高氯酸盐标准储备溶液(1.0 mg/L)至7个100 mL容量瓶中, 用相应的食品模拟物分别稀释定容至刻度, 得到质量浓度为10 μg/L的高氯酸盐标准中间溶液, 4 ℃下保存。
(3)标准工作溶液的配制
分别取高氯酸盐标准中间溶液(10 μg/L) 0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.5、5.0 mL于10 mL容量瓶中, 用相应的食品模拟物定容至10 mL, 配制成质量浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.5、5.0 μg/L的标准工作溶液, 摇匀, 现配现用。
准确称取2.968 g无水碳酸钠, 用超纯水溶解后转移至2 L容量瓶中, 再分别加入1 L超纯水和400 mL乙腈, 轻微振荡摇匀后再用超纯水定容至刻度并混匀, 配成14 mmol/L碳酸钠+20%乙腈(体积分数)的流动相溶液, 现配现用, 使用前用真空泵脱气10 min以上。
量取400 mL超纯水至玻璃烧杯内, 沿杯壁缓慢加入20 mL硫酸, 边倒边搅拌均匀。待冷却至室温后, 将溶液转移至1 L容量瓶中, 再加入50 mL丙酮, 振荡摇匀。再用超纯水定容至刻度并混匀。配成200 mmol/L硫酸+5%丙酮(体积分数)的抑制器再生液, 现配现用。
色谱柱: Metrosep A Supp 4色谱柱(250 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm), Metrosep A Supp 4 Guard 保护柱(50 mm×4.0 mm, 9.0 μm); 流动相: 14 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+20%乙腈(体积分数); 流速: 1.0 mL/min; 柱温: 30 ℃; 进样体积: 800 μL; 检测器: 电导检测器; 化学抑制器: MSN-A; 抑制器再生液: 200 mmol/L硫酸+5%丙酮; 等度洗脱。
(1)迁移试验
参考欧盟(EU) 2023/1442、GB 31604.1—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品 迁移试验通则》和GB 5009.156—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触材料及制品迁移试验预处理方法通则》的要求, 对几种不同用途的食品接触用塑料制品分别按照表1中的条件进行迁移试验。研究样品为塑料片材, 以6:1 (dm2:L)为浸泡比例进行全浸泡迁移试验。独立测定3次, 并做空白试验。
(2)食品模拟物的处理
水和含酒精食品模拟物浸泡液的处理。取10 mL迁移试验所得浸泡液, 经有机相尼龙针式滤膜过滤后待测。
酸性食品模拟物(3%乙酸或4%乙酸)浸泡液的处理。准确移取 10 mL迁移试验所得浸泡液于蒸发皿中, 准确加入10 mL 14 mmol/L无水碳酸钠溶液, 置于蒸发水浴锅上蒸发至干, 加入10 mL水复溶。复溶后所得溶液, 经有机相尼龙针式滤膜过滤后待测。
用Microsoft Office Excel 2016分析数据及制表, 用Origin 2018作图。
分别考察10 mg/L的高氯酸盐标准溶液在Metrosep A Supp 4 (250 mm×4 mm, 9.0 μm)、Metrosep A Supp 5 (250 mm× 4 mm, 5.0 μm)和Metrosep A Supp 7 (250 mm×4 mm, 5.0 μm) 3款不同的色谱柱上的分离情况, 色谱分离条件见表2。结果表明, 高氯酸盐在3款色谱柱上的保留时间分别均超过40 min, 且存在明显的拖尾现象(见图1)。但相较于Metrosep A Supp 5和Metrosep A Supp 7柱, 高氯酸盐在Metrosep A Supp 4柱上的保留时间最短, 这可能是因为Metrosep A Supp 4柱的填料粒径为9.0 μm, 而Metrosep A Supp 5和Metrosep A Supp 7柱的填料粒径为5.0 μm, 由于粒径越小, 颗粒比表面积越大, 会增强高氯酸根与固定相之间的相互作用, 因此保留时间变长; 且较小的粒径还会增加流动相在填料颗粒间的阻力, 导致柱压升高。因此, 初步选择采用Metrosep A Supp 4作为分析柱。
图1可看出, 高氯酸盐的保留时间较长, 不利于提升分析效率。因此尝试改变流动相的组分和配比, 以缩短高氯酸盐的保留时间。
首先, 考察1.7 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+1.8 mmol/L无水碳酸钠、3.4 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+1.8 mmol/L无水碳酸钠和6.8 mmol/L碳酸氢钠+1.8 mmol/L无水碳酸钠这3种不同的流动相对保留时间的影响。结果发现, 当流动相中碳酸钠浓度保持不变, 碳酸氢钠的浓度升高时, 高氯酸盐的保留时间无明显变化。
随后, 考察流动相中不含碳酸氢钠, 无水碳酸钠浓度分别为3.6、9.0和14.0 mmol/L时的高氯酸盐的保留时间。结果发现, 当无水碳酸钠的浓度升高时, 高氯酸盐的保留时间会逐步缩短, 但均会出现明显的峰拖尾现象。
为了进一步改善峰型并缩短保留时间, 进一步尝试在14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠流动相中加入有机改进剂。分别考察添加10%甲醇、10%乙腈和10%丙酮(均为体积分数)的效果, 结果发现, 3种有机改进剂对于缩短高氯酸盐保留时间效果较为明显, 高氯酸盐的保留时间分别约为13、11和13 min, 而3种有机溶剂中以乙腈对峰形的改善效果最为明显(见图2)。
最后再考察加入乙腈的浓度对改善峰形的效果。分别比较流动相为14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+10%乙腈、14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+20%乙腈和14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+25%乙腈时的高氯酸盐峰形。由图3可见, 3种流动相下的高氯酸盐保留时间分别约为11.0、8.2和7.2 min。当乙腈占比为25%时, 目标峰与溶剂峰较为接近; 乙腈占比为10%和20%时, 目标峰与溶剂峰分离效果良好。结果表明, 在碳酸盐体系中加入20%乙腈时, 既能显著缩短高氯酸盐的保留时间, 又能显著改善峰形。因此确定流动相的组成为14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠+20%乙腈。
考察不同进样体积(20、50、100、200、400、600、800、1000 µL)对高氯酸盐离子峰形和保留时间的影响, 结果发现: 当进样体积≤200 µL时, 未观察到50 μg/L高氯酸盐离子的色谱峰; 随着进样体积增加, 高氯酸盐离子的峰响应会逐渐增加。当进样体积为400 μL时, 高氯酸盐离子的灵敏度无法满足欧盟法规(EU) 2023/1442对高氯酸盐迁移量的限量要求(小于等于0.002 mg/kg); 当进样体积为800 μL时, 高氯酸盐的色谱峰峰形最佳, 而且与附近基质峰保持了较好的距离; 当进样体积进一步增大到1000 μL时, 高氯酸盐的色谱峰出现明显拖尾现象, 并且与附近基质峰较为接近, 容易受样品溶液基质干扰。因此选择800 µL作为进样体积。
分别考察0.5、1.0和1.5 mL/min不同流速对高氯酸盐分离效果的影响。结果表明, 当流速为0.5 mL/min时, 高氯酸盐的分离效果较好, 保留时间最长, 且峰形拖尾明显; 流速为1.0 mL/min时, 高氯酸盐的保留时间适中, 峰形较好, 分离度和灵敏度都较为理想; 流速为1.5 mL/min时, 虽然出峰时间最短, 但高氯酸盐的色谱峰和杂质峰的分离度较差, 且基线噪声增加。因此选择1.0 mL/min作为流动相的流速。
水和含乙醇食品模拟物(10%~95%乙醇)可以直接进样对高氯酸盐进行离子色谱分析, 而酸性食品模拟物(3%乙酸和4%乙酸)中的乙酸根保留较弱而响应较强, 容易影响检测结果的准确性和重现性。因此需要考虑酸性模拟物中对乙酸根影响的消除。
由于4%乙酸中的乙酸根浓度高于3%乙酸, 因此主要考察4%乙酸模拟物中的乙酸根与目标物高氯酸根在色谱柱上的分离情况。结果发现, 当高氯酸盐离子的质量浓度为2.0 μg/L时, 无法被检测到4%乙酸模拟物中高氯酸盐的色谱峰(直接进样)。
考虑到乙酸的沸点较低(约118 ℃)[37], 而高氯酸盐的分解温度高于200 ℃[38], 因此尝试采用水浴蒸发去除溶液中的乙酸, 对4%乙酸为溶剂的高氯酸盐溶液水浴蒸干并用水进行复溶, 然后上机检测。结果发现, 当高氯酸盐质量浓度范围为0.5~5.0 μg/L时, 标准工作曲线的线性关系较差。这是因为4%乙酸中的高氯酸盐在水浴蒸干的过程中发生了不同程度的损失。因此尝试在水浴蒸发前向高氯酸盐-4%乙酸溶液加入固定剂后, 再进行水浴蒸发-复溶。分别考察了高氯酸盐质量浓度为0.5 μg/L和2.0 μg/L时, 直接进样、蒸发复溶进样、无水碳酸钠(3.5、7.0、14.0 mmol/L)和氢氧化钠(3.5、7.0、14.0 mmol/L)不同固定剂的使用效果。由图4可见, 当基质为水, 直接进样时, 2个质量浓度的高氯酸盐的峰面积都是最大, 效果最好, 这是因为基质相对简单, 直接进样可得到良好的分析结果; 当基质为4%乙酸时, 采用14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠作为固定剂, 4%乙酸中0.5 μg/L和2.0 μg/L高氯酸盐的峰面积最大, 与水基质直接进样的效果接近, 且优于其他条件, 重复进样时的峰面积也相当稳定。当向高氯酸盐-4%乙酸溶液和向高氯酸盐-3%乙酸溶液中添加10 mL 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠作为固定剂时, 以3%乙酸和4%乙酸为溶剂的标准工作曲线线性关系良好, 因此在3%乙酸和4%乙酸模拟物的溶液需加入10 mL 14.0 mmol/L无水碳酸钠, 再将溶液水浴蒸干, 用水复溶后上机, 可得到良好的标准工作曲线, 效果良好, 可满足对测定3%乙酸或4%乙酸中高氯酸盐的测试要求。
用各食品模拟物稀释高氯酸盐离子的标准溶液, 分别配制质量浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、3.5、5.0 μg/L的标准工作液, 按照当前优化条件检验, 以高氯酸盐离子的质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/L), 高氯酸盐离子的峰面积(Y)为纵坐标绘制标准曲线, 得到线性回归方程, 相关系数均大于0.99。根据信噪比S/N≥3计算检出限, 信噪比S/N≥10计算定量限, 上机溶液中高氯酸盐离子的检出限和定量限分别为0.15 μg/L和0.50 μg/L, 当迁移试验中浸泡面积与体积之比与实际使用情形下的食品接触面与体积之比相同时, 样品中高氯酸盐迁移量的检出限和定量限分别为0.15 μg/kg和0.50 μg/kg, 具体结果见表3
在样品的预处理环节, 分别向已完成迁移试验的食品模拟物(基质)中添加3个质量浓度水平(0.5、2.0、4.0 μg/L)的高氯酸盐离子标准溶液, 连续测定6次, 计算平均回收率和相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)。结果表明(表4), 高氯酸盐离子的回收率范围为83.2%~99.1%, RSD为2.7%~9.1%, 符合检测要求。
针对不同食品模拟物对7种常见材质的食品接触用塑料片材中高氯酸盐的迁移量进行了检测。结果仅在聚氯乙烯塑料片材中检出了阳性结果(见表5), 而其他6种材质样品均未检出高氯酸盐的迁移。比较所研究的聚氯乙烯塑料片材在不同食品模拟物中的迁移情况, 在10%乙醇和20%乙醇中, 以第一次迁移实验得到的结果最高, 分别为1.24 μg/kg和0.81 μg/kg, 第二次及第三次迁移试验的结果均未检出, 总体检出率为20%; 以3%乙酸和4%乙酸中的迁移量较高, 第一次迁移试验结果最高分别为1.59 μg/kg和1.68 μg/kg, 第二次迁移试验结果最高分别为0.75 μg/kg和0.82 μg/kg, 第三次迁移试验则均未检出, 总体检出率为20%; 而在含乙醇食品模拟物中的迁移量则均较低。从总体情况来看, 高氯酸盐在3%乙酸、4%乙酸、10%乙醇和20%乙醇中进行的3次迁移试验中, 迁移量呈现出逐次降低的趋势; 在同样的迁移试验条件下, 高氯酸盐在酸性模拟物中的迁移量最高, 而在含乙醇模拟物中的迁移量会随着乙醇浓度的升高而降低; 在所有重复性3次迁移试验中, 测试结果均会随迁移试验次数的增加而趋于降低。图5是某款聚氯乙烯塑料片材在10%乙醇浸泡液中的离子色谱图(保留时间约为8.1 min)。
本研究建立了大体积进样-离子色谱法测定食品接触用塑料制品中高氯酸盐的迁移量。通过色谱柱、流动相、固定剂和流速等参数的优化, 并结合方法学验证, 建立的分析方法检出限和定量限分别达到0.15 μg/kg 和0.50 μg/kg, 完全满足GB 9685—2016和欧盟法规(EU) 2023/1442的限量要求。该方法操作简便, 灵敏度高, 精密度和准确度良好, 能够满足高氯酸盐迁移量的实际工作需要。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0607202)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241113003
  • 接收时间:2024-11-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0607202)
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    广州海关技术中心, 广州 510000

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*李丹(1973—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品接触材料检测及安全评估研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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