Article(id=1153986785693651949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241104012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730649600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061489747, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061489747, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061489747, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061489747, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=234, endPage=242, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986786532511745, articleId=1153986785693651949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the browning and quality of honey peaches during frozen storage, columnId=1153986782044607364, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Quality Safety Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the browning prevention effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on honey peach during frozen storage. Methods Heat shock and radio frequency with different durations were used for pretreatment, and the changes in browning and quality were monitored over a 7 days frozen storage period. Results Compared with heat shock treatment, radio frequency treatment showed a smaller impact on the TSS/TA and pH of the peaches, and significantly reduced electrical conductivity (P<0.05), indicating that it could be better maintain the integrity of the peach cell membrane by radio frequency pretreatment. Based on the studies of key enzymes, substrates, and products related to browning, it showed a good inhibitory effect of radio frequency treatment on the activity of polyphenol oxidase, soluble quinones, and total phenols in frozen peaches, and which had a certain effect on maintaining catalase activity. This could reduce the degree of fruit browning and better resist the damage of reactive oxygen species to the peach fruit. A slight increase in malondialdehyde content was observed under higher temperature of radio frequency treatment, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Radio frequency treatment has a good inhibitory effect on peach browning and can better maintain the physicochemical quality of the peaches.

, correspAuthors=Lin ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Ting XUAN, Xue-Zhen ZHONG, Hai-Tao SHANG, Yong ZHANG, Xu-Dong LIN, Lin ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986834221748767, articleId=1153986785693651949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=射频和热激处理对水蜜桃冻藏褐变及品质的影响, columnId=1153986782178825098, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:果蔬加工与质量安全控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究射频和热激处理对水蜜桃冻藏防褐变效果。方法 采用热激和不同时间的射频对水蜜桃进行预处理, 并监测其在冻藏7 d内的褐变及品质变化情况。结果 相较于热激处理, 射频处理对桃果固酸比、pH影响较小, 显著降低了电导率(P<0.05), 表明射频能更好地保持桃果细胞膜完整性; 基于褐变关键酶、底物和产物的研究发现, 射频处理对冻藏桃果多酚氧化酶活性、可溶性醌、总酚有很好的抑制作用, 对过氧化氢酶活性维持有一定作用, 可降低果实褐变程度, 更好地抵御活性氧对桃果机体的伤害; 较高温度的射频处理使得丙二醛含量有一定程度上升, 但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 射频处理对桃果冻藏褐变具有良好的抑制效果, 可以较好维持桃果的理化品质。

, correspAuthors=朱麟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*朱麟(1984—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与高值化利用。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EKQ4ARmLtKfo9FklVf0hKA==, magXml=cW4m6VtJ4x6f0/0SFW+JZQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=MVrdnMwCR4yz0uSJeNx81g==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IjhqZ43ZH5J9M/HUJ5tIxQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

宣晓婷(1991—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物控制与食品非热加工。E-mail:

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宣晓婷(1991—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物控制与食品非热加工。E-mail:

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宣晓婷(1991—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物控制与食品非热加工。E-mail:

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DOI: 10.27700/d.cnki.gzcny.2018.000091, articleTitle=Study on non-enzymatic browning and changes in flavor quality of freeze-dried lemon slice during storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174370242122892005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=58, authorNames=王春婷, journalName=基于非酶褐变反应研究月柿果片在微波干燥中的变色机理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王春婷. 基于非酶褐变反应研究月柿果片在微波干燥中的变色机理[D]. 柳州: 广西科技大学, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174370242223555302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=59, authorNames=WANG CT, journalName=Study of color change mechanism of persimmon slices during microwave drying based on non-enzymatic browning reaction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG CT. 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[2024-12-03]. https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024080014, articleTitle=短波紫外线处理结合近冰温贮藏对采后西梅的保鲜效果, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174370242588459754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=19, url=https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2024080014, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=63, authorNames=JIN LL, WEN Y, CHEN WT, journalName=Science and Technology of Food Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN LL, WEN Y, CHEN WT, et al. Effects of UV-C treatment combined with near-freezing temperature storage on preservation of post-harvest prunes[J/OL]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 1-19. 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注: A. 贮藏第0 d; B. 贮藏第7 d。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理组间数据具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 图2~9同。

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figureFileBig=F0kSu5Y9vrfyqEWIL+dIKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235151958682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the PPO active of honey peach during frozen storage, figureFileSmall=usg7ijV2UJkSEytWDSo12w==, figureFileBig=S0LAvoH67HS4jsU3SxhXAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235210678939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=图5, caption=射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果PPO活性的影响, figureFileSmall=usg7ijV2UJkSEytWDSo12w==, figureFileBig=S0LAvoH67HS4jsU3SxhXAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235261010588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the CAT active of honey peach during frozen storage, figureFileSmall=72SHLlsKddxBNmvEnMUkow==, figureFileBig=2fPz5EYj8XJ2Ab186N90dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235319730845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=图6, caption=射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果CAT活性的影响, figureFileSmall=72SHLlsKddxBNmvEnMUkow==, figureFileBig=2fPz5EYj8XJ2Ab186N90dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235432977054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the soluble quinone content of honey peach during frozen storage, figureFileSmall=H/JmpiSbDAgpU4qvDWrFzg==, figureFileBig=yJ/66cDhpargMB7owA8lmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235504280223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=图7, caption=射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果可溶性醌含量的影响, figureFileSmall=H/JmpiSbDAgpU4qvDWrFzg==, figureFileBig=yJ/66cDhpargMB7owA8lmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235579777696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the MDA content of honey peach during frozen storage, figureFileSmall=6s46zLwyvd8EJzc/7k+VTQ==, figureFileBig=xyc6vCp2cDDPoCgx394qBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235655275169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=图8, caption=射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果MDA含量的影响, figureFileSmall=6s46zLwyvd8EJzc/7k+VTQ==, figureFileBig=xyc6vCp2cDDPoCgx394qBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235722384034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the TP content of honey peach during frozen storage, figureFileSmall=tHwbVssCzmFftWMUQ2+gGQ==, figureFileBig=6pH0C3PDJ7f7bPVVkx1J9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235772715683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=图9, caption=射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果TP含量的影响, figureFileSmall=tHwbVssCzmFftWMUQ2+gGQ==, figureFileBig=6pH0C3PDJ7f7bPVVkx1J9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370235915322020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Heatmap of correlation coefficient, figureFileSmall=vrTffRZZCA/ukBXvGRZBeA==, figureFileBig=kD3enX351KuZL7GbRHii3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174370236020179621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=图10, caption=相关性热图

注: A. 贮藏第0 d, B. 为贮藏第7 d。*表示有一定相关(P<0.1), **表示显著相关(P<0.05), ***表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

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Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the colour of honey peach during frozen storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/d 色泽 CK H-10 RF-0 RF-10 RF-20 RF-30
0 L* 40.26±1.97a 50.54±3.32b 64.38±4.12c 56.39±3.21bc 53.87±2.81b 56.08±3.46bc
a* 3.51±1.13b 0.08±1.64a 2.63±0.19ab 2.22±0.85ab 4.76±0.72b 3.49±1.87b
b* 8.54±1.07a 5.62±0.36a 7.78±0.53a 6.89±1.52a 7.35±1.57a 7.70±1.58a
∆E --- 11.27±3.50a 24.15±4.12b 16.34±3.13ab 13.77±2.97b 15.97±3.44ab
7 L* 46.83±3.91a 56.19±2.32a 53.8±1.79a 49.78±5.9a 51.12±6.07a 49.93±5.35a
a* 3.80±0.53a 2.85±1.90a 0.72±0.66a 2.38±2.18a 2.88±0.61a 3.11±1.19a
b* 11.23±1.31b 5.78±0.66a 7.46±1.00a 7.54±2.06a 8.34±0.82ab 8.83±1.08ab
∆E --- 11.04±1.99a 8.63±1.11a 7.03±2.46a 6.94±2.68a 5.18±3.84a
), ArticleFig(id=1174370236204728999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986785693651949, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/d 色泽 CK H-10 RF-0 RF-10 RF-20 RF-30
0 L* 40.26±1.97a 50.54±3.32b 64.38±4.12c 56.39±3.21bc 53.87±2.81b 56.08±3.46bc
a* 3.51±1.13b 0.08±1.64a 2.63±0.19ab 2.22±0.85ab 4.76±0.72b 3.49±1.87b
b* 8.54±1.07a 5.62±0.36a 7.78±0.53a 6.89±1.52a 7.35±1.57a 7.70±1.58a
∆E --- 11.27±3.50a 24.15±4.12b 16.34±3.13ab 13.77±2.97b 15.97±3.44ab
7 L* 46.83±3.91a 56.19±2.32a 53.8±1.79a 49.78±5.9a 51.12±6.07a 49.93±5.35a
a* 3.80±0.53a 2.85±1.90a 0.72±0.66a 2.38±2.18a 2.88±0.61a 3.11±1.19a
b* 11.23±1.31b 5.78±0.66a 7.46±1.00a 7.54±2.06a 8.34±0.82ab 8.83±1.08ab
∆E --- 11.04±1.99a 8.63±1.11a 7.03±2.46a 6.94±2.68a 5.18±3.84a
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射频和热激处理对水蜜桃冻藏褐变及品质的影响
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宣晓婷 1 , 钟雪珍 2 , 尚海涛 1 , 张勇 2 , 林旭东 1 , 朱麟 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:果蔬加工与质量安全控制 2025,16(1): 234-242
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:果蔬加工与质量安全控制 2025, 16(1): 234-242
射频和热激处理对水蜜桃冻藏褐变及品质的影响
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宣晓婷1 , 钟雪珍2, 尚海涛1, 张勇2, 林旭东1, 朱麟1, *
作者信息
  • 1.宁波市农业科学研究院农产品加工研究所, 宁波 315100
  • 2.宁波市圆蓝食品科技有限公司, 宁波 315502
  • 宣晓婷(1991—), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为微生物控制与食品非热加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*朱麟(1984—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与高值化利用。E-mail:
Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the browning and quality of honey peaches during frozen storage
Xiao-Ting XUAN1 , Xue-Zhen ZHONG2, Hai-Tao SHANG1, Yong ZHANG2, Xu-Dong LIN1, Lin ZHU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China
  • 2. Ningbo Yuanlan Food Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315502, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241104012
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目的 探究射频和热激处理对水蜜桃冻藏防褐变效果。方法 采用热激和不同时间的射频对水蜜桃进行预处理, 并监测其在冻藏7 d内的褐变及品质变化情况。结果 相较于热激处理, 射频处理对桃果固酸比、pH影响较小, 显著降低了电导率(P<0.05), 表明射频能更好地保持桃果细胞膜完整性; 基于褐变关键酶、底物和产物的研究发现, 射频处理对冻藏桃果多酚氧化酶活性、可溶性醌、总酚有很好的抑制作用, 对过氧化氢酶活性维持有一定作用, 可降低果实褐变程度, 更好地抵御活性氧对桃果机体的伤害; 较高温度的射频处理使得丙二醛含量有一定程度上升, 但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 射频处理对桃果冻藏褐变具有良好的抑制效果, 可以较好维持桃果的理化品质。

射频  /  水蜜桃  /  褐变  /  冻藏  /  热激

Objective To explore the browning prevention effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on honey peach during frozen storage. Methods Heat shock and radio frequency with different durations were used for pretreatment, and the changes in browning and quality were monitored over a 7 days frozen storage period. Results Compared with heat shock treatment, radio frequency treatment showed a smaller impact on the TSS/TA and pH of the peaches, and significantly reduced electrical conductivity (P<0.05), indicating that it could be better maintain the integrity of the peach cell membrane by radio frequency pretreatment. Based on the studies of key enzymes, substrates, and products related to browning, it showed a good inhibitory effect of radio frequency treatment on the activity of polyphenol oxidase, soluble quinones, and total phenols in frozen peaches, and which had a certain effect on maintaining catalase activity. This could reduce the degree of fruit browning and better resist the damage of reactive oxygen species to the peach fruit. A slight increase in malondialdehyde content was observed under higher temperature of radio frequency treatment, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Radio frequency treatment has a good inhibitory effect on peach browning and can better maintain the physicochemical quality of the peaches.

radio frequency  /  honey peach  /  browning  /  frozen storage  /  heat shock
宣晓婷, 钟雪珍, 尚海涛, 张勇, 林旭东, 朱麟. 射频和热激处理对水蜜桃冻藏褐变及品质的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 234 -242 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241104012
Xiao-Ting XUAN, Xue-Zhen ZHONG, Hai-Tao SHANG, Yong ZHANG, Xu-Dong LIN, Lin ZHU. Effects of radio frequency and heat shock treatment on the browning and quality of honey peaches during frozen storage[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 234 -242 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241104012
水蜜桃为蔷薇科桃属植物果实, 其口感鲜美、营养丰富, 一直备受消费者喜爱。由于水蜜桃为季节性产品, 且为呼吸跃变型果实, 采后极易发生品质变化, 限制鲜食水蜜桃的市场供应, 而促使桃制品产业的蓬勃发展。近年来, 桃制品种类日益丰富, 包括桃罐头、桃干、桃味饮品等, 满足了人们在不同季节对水蜜桃的需求[1]。桃果实中酚类物质含量较高, 在加工和储存过程中易发生褐变[2]; 且水蜜桃对于低温较为敏感, 低温储藏时也难以避免缓慢酶促褐变的发生, 因此, 酶促褐变成为影响桃制品品质的关键因素之一[3-4]
酶促褐变是在有氧条件下, 植物中的酚类物质在多酚氧化酶(polyphenoloxidase, PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)等酶的催化作用下, 氧化形成醌类物质, 进而聚合形成大分子褐色物质的化学反应[5-7]。酶促褐变对桃制品的色泽、口感与营养的影响均较为显著[8-9]。抑制酶促褐变的方法可以分为物理方法(低温处理、热激处理等)、化学方法(添加抗氧化剂、酸处理等)、生物方法(基因工程技术等)、综合方法(气调包装、真空包装等)[10]。其中热激处理作为传统的抑制果蔬褐变的方法已应用广泛, 热激处理通过短时间的高温处理来改变酶的活性和结构, 从而使酶失去活性。有研究报道苹果、香蕉等果品中PPO活性在60~75 ℃均发生失活[11-12]。但热激处理易影响果蔬的营养和风味, 同时如中心温度与表皮温度不一致可能会导致钝酶防褐变效果不均匀等问题。随着近年来非热加工技术的不断发展, 脉冲、超高压、射频、超声波等物理场技术在钝酶方面的研究逐渐深入。射频是利用3~300 MHz的高频电磁波对物料进行加热和处理[13-14]。已有学者将射频技术应用于NFC苹果汁的钝酶, 发现射频处理苹果组织能够在苹果细胞破碎之前实现PPO钝化, 同时保持果汁良好的色泽和总酚(total phenol, TP)等营养物质[15], 因此射频处理在果品钝酶方面有一定应用前景。
本研究采用热激和不同时间的射频对奉化水蜜桃进行预处理, 并监测其在冻藏7 d内的褐变及品质变化情况, 重点关注理化品质[可溶性固形物(total soluble solid, TSS)含量、可滴定酸(titratable acid, TA)、固酸比(TSS/TA)、pH、电导率]、褐变关键酶[PPO、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性]、底物(总酚)和产物(可溶性醌含量)以及丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA)含量。通过比较这两种处理方式的效果, 以期有效解决桃果冻藏酶促褐变的问题, 从而提高桃果的品质和稳定性, 满足消费者对高品质桃加工品的需求。
选择成熟度相似、无外观损伤、大小均匀的奉化“玉露”水蜜桃(桃直径不超过8.5 cm), 用PE袋包装并在-0.5~1.0 ℃下冷藏待用。
CAT试剂盒、PPO试剂盒、MDA试剂盒、总酚(total phenols, TP)试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 甲醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
HGJL-5RFS食品射频加工装备(合肥哈工金浪装备科技有限公司); PAL-BX/ACID F5糖酸度仪(日本ATAGO爱拓股份有限公司); DDS-308A数显电导率仪(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司); Ci64色差仪(美国爱色丽有限公司); MS105DU精密天平(精度0.1 mg)、FE28型pH计[梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司]; Readmax1900光吸收全波长酶标仪(上海闪谱生物科技有限公司); HC-3018R高速冷冻离心机(安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司); VORTEX1振荡器(德国IKA公司)。
将大小均一、品质优良的水蜜桃于5 kW、27.14 MHz条件下进行射频处理(极板间距为9 cm), 待水蜜桃中心温度平衡后(约为70 ℃), 分别继续处理0、10、20、30 min得到实验组(RF组)样品, 以不做任何处理的水蜜桃为对照组(CK组), 将CK组和实验组样品分别与-18 ℃保存0 d、7 d, 以分析随时间延长水蜜桃品质的变化。
对大小均一、品质优良的水蜜桃热处理10 min, 待水蜜桃中心温度达70 ℃时停止处理, 得到热激后的实验组样品, 将热激实验组样品分别与-18 ℃保存0 d、7 d, 以分析随时间延长水蜜桃品质的变化。
利用ATAGO糖酸度仪PAL-BX/ACID F5分别测定桃果肉样品的TSS和TA, 并计算TSS/TA。
利用DDS-308A数显电导率仪和pH计分别测定电导率和pH。
将水蜜桃果肉去皮打浆后利用X-Rite色差仪测定其色差值, 记录L*a*b*, 每个样品重复6次, 取其平均值。其中L表示明暗值, 正值为明、负值为暗; a表示红绿值, 正值为红色、负值为绿色; b表示黄蓝值, 正值为黄色、负值为蓝色。以未处理桃果的色值为初始值(L0*a0*b0*), 按如公式(1)计算色差∆E
$\Delta E=\sqrt{(\Delta L)^{2}+(\Delta a)^{2}+(\Delta b)^{2}}$
式中: ∆L=L*-L0*, ∆a=a*-a0*, ∆b=b*-b0*
利用PPO活性测定试剂盒测定桃果肉样品。PPO酶活计算如公式(2)。
PPO活性/(U/g)=∆A÷0.005×V反总÷(W×V÷V样总T
式中: ∆A为410 nm处测定管和对照管吸光度差值; V反总为反应体系总体积, mL; 0.005为单位酶活力对应吸光值变化的量; V为加入反应体系中样本体积, mL; W为样本质量, g; V样总为加入提取液体积, mL; T为反应时间, min。
利用CAT活性测定试剂盒测定桃果肉样品。CAT酶活计算如公式(3)。
CAT/(U/g)=[∆A×V反总÷(ε×d)×106]÷(V÷V样总×WT
式中: V反总为反应体系总体积, mL; ε为H2O2摩尔消光系数, 43.6 L/(mol·cm); d为96孔UV板光径, 0.6 cm; V为加入反应体系中样本体积, mL; V样总为加入提取液体积, mL; W为样本质量, g。
称取10 mL水蜜桃浊汁与20 mL甲醇匀浆, 定容50 mL, 然后超声30 min, 离心。取上清液于波长437 nm处测其吸光度。
利用MDA含量检测试剂盒测定桃果肉样品。MDA计算如公式(4)。

MDA含量/(nmol/g)=[∆A×V反总÷(ε×d)×109]÷(W×V样本÷V提取F

式中: V反总为反应体系总体积, L; ε为MDA摩尔消光系数, 1.55×105 L/(mol·cm); V样本为加入反应体系中样本体积, mL; d为96孔UV板光径, 0.6 cm; V提取为加入提取液体积, mL; F为稀释倍数。
利用TP含量检测试剂盒测定桃果肉样品。TP计算如公式(5):
$\text { 总酚含量 } /(\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{g})=\frac{x \times V_{\text {提取 }}}{W}$
式中: V提取为加入提取液体积, mL; W为样本质量, g; x为样本质量浓度, mg/mL。
所有实验结果均平行测定3次, 测定所得数据均以平均值±标准偏差的形式表示, 数据采用SPSS19.0软件进行显著性分析, 用Origin 8.5软件进行作图。
TSS和TA能直接反映水蜜桃冷冻期贮藏品质的变化, 也是判定其成熟度的重要标志之一。图1为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果TSS含量、TA和TSS/TA的影响, 由图1可知, 射频和热激处理均显著改变了桃果的TSS含量、TA和TSS/TA (P<0.05), 其中热激处理桃果的TA含量下降最为显著, 下降了73.66%, 进而使得热激处理的桃果TSS/TA提高到47.9±12.89。这可能是由于热激处理使得桃果中不可溶性的多糖降解为可溶性糖, 进而增加糖度[16]; 同时热激处理对桃果细胞结构造成一定程度的损伤, 导致部分有机酸等水溶性营养成分流失[17]。随着射频处理的时间延长, 桃果的TA呈现逐渐上升的趋势, TSS含量呈波动变化。冷冻桃果冻藏7 d后呈现相类似的结论, 热激处理会增加桃果的TSS/TA, 射频处理对桃果TSS/TA的影响相对较小。
通过电导率的分析可以间接反映桃果细胞膜通透性[18]图2为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果电导率的影响。由图2可知, 相比与对照组, 热激处理显著提高了桃果的电导率(P<0.05), 而射频处理显著降低了桃果的电导率(P<0.05)。结果表明, 热激处理对桃果的细胞膜通透性有较大影响, 而射频处理能更好的保持桃果细胞膜的完整性。此外, 贮藏第7 d射频处理的桃果电导率均有所提升, 仅RF-10组下降,而热激处理的电导率无明显变化, 可能的原因是由于在冷冻期间冰晶的存在导致桃果细胞膜进一步受损, 使得电导率上升, 而热激处理在第0 d时细胞膜已发生较大破坏, 因此贮藏期间没有进一步发生变化。
射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果pH的影响如图3所示。水蜜桃初始pH为4.63±0.12(近酸性), 射频和热激处理后桃果的pH未发生显著变化(P>0.05), 但冷冻贮藏7 d后, 热激组和RF-20组桃果pH降低, 空白对照组和其余射频组桃果pH升高, 但不同组之间差异并不显著(P>0.05)。张婷婷等[19]在研究微波对苹果汁的褐变及品质影响时同样发现其对pH、TSS、TA等并无显著影响。
色泽是食品材料最重要的外观特性之一, 也是评价桃果的重要品质因素之一。射频和热激处理对桃果色泽的影响如图4表1所示。如图4所示, 射频组桃果随着处理时间的延长, 色泽变化由外围逐渐向内部转变, 直至RF-30组整体色泽较为均匀。相比于对照组和射频组, 热激组桃果整体偏向暗红色。由表1可知, 射频和热激处理整体上显著改变了桃果的色泽(P<0.05), 第0 d时, 热激处理的∆E最小(11.27±3.50)。随着射频处理时间的延长, 其色泽变化程度越来越小, 其中RF-20处理组的∆E最小, 说明此处理条件的效果最为接近热激处理。热激处理主要影响了桃果的L*a*, 使得桃果亮度提高、红度下降, 而射频处理具有相似的规律。然而, 在冷冻贮藏7 d后, 热激和射频处理组的L*a*均与空白对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05), 但b*呈现明显下降。因此, 热激和射频处理对冷冻桃果的褐变有一定的抑制作用。
PPO是酶促褐变过程中作用于植物多酚类物质使其氧化产生醌类物质的关键作用酶[20]图5为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果PPO的影响。在未冷冻贮藏时, 与空白对照组相比, 热激处理降低了桃果中PPO活性73.75%, 不同射频处理分别降低了桃果中PPO活性60.10%、60.00%、91.23%和94.22%。因此平衡时间为20 min以上的射频处理可以实现PPO酶活性降低90%, 此时残留酶活性也很低, 具有很好的护色效果。这是由于PPO耐热性较低, 经较高温度处理时分子间热运动加剧, 导致PPO酶空间构象改变, 破坏了活性中心的三维结构从而降低了PPO活力, 这与KAMBLE等[21]的结论相似。在冷冻贮藏第7 d, 空白对照组桃果的PPO活性呈现大幅度上升, 是第0 d PPO活性的4.49倍; 热激组桃果的PPO活性上升了1.03倍, RF-10、RF-20和RF-30组桃果的PPO活性分别上升了2.90倍、9.20倍和3.84倍。冷冻贮藏7 d后, RF-30组的桃果PPO活性最低为(9.09±0.69) U/g。研究结果表明, 射频处理对于冻藏桃果PPO活性有很好的抑制作用, 可降低果实褐变程度, 但在贮藏期间PPO活性仍会显著上升。
CAT是参与清除自由基的抗氧化系统的关键酶之一, 其作用于H2O2使其分解产生水和氧气, 与超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等关键酶起到协同抵御活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)对桃果机体的伤害[22]图6为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果CAT的影响。热激、RF-0、RF-10、RF-20、RF-30处理分别降低了桃果CAT活性41.85%、24.39%、30.60%、56.22%和54.67%, 可以看出RF-20和RF-30射频处理对桃果中CAT活性有更为明显的抑制作用。在后续冷冻贮藏过程中, 桃果CAT活性呈下降趋势, 仅RF-30组CAT值上升。贮藏期CAT活性下降的原因可能与前期启动清除代谢过程中产生的ROS有关。这与赵迎丽等[23]的研究结果一致, 玉露香梨在冷藏期间CAT活性呈现先快速上升后下降。刘倩婷等[24]研究表明褐变更为严重的石榴果皮CAT活性在贮藏后期明显下降, 保持高的CAT酶活性更有利于果实的贮藏。因此, RF-30射频处理对桃果CAT活性维持有一定作用, 能更好的抵御ROS对桃果机体的伤害。
可溶性醌是桃果酶促褐变的重要产物之一, 桃果褐变加强则其含量增加。图7为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果可溶性醌含量的影响。由图7可知, 桃果初始可溶性醌含量为0.12±0.01, 在贮藏第0 d, 射频和热激处理降低了桃果中可溶性醌含量, 但差异并不显著(P>0.05), 其中热激组和RF-30射频组桃果可溶性醌含量最低, 分别为0.10±0.01和0.11±0.01。在冷冻贮藏第7 d, 空白对照组和热激组桃果的可溶性醌含量均上升, 而射频组呈下降趋势。射频组桃果可溶性醌含量低于热激组和空白对照组。可见, 射频处理对桃果褐变具有良好的抑制效果。
MDA是膜脂过氧化产物, 其含量越高表明细胞膜受到氧化损伤程度越高[25]图8为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果MDA含量的影响。由图8可知, 在贮藏第0 d, 与空白对照组相比, 热激和射频处理桃果的MDA含量未发生显著变化(P>0.05), 但其中RF-30射频处理组的MDA最高, 相似的规律在冷冻贮藏第7 d同样存在。说明射频和热激处理对桃果细胞膜损伤影响相似, 这是由于射频处理和热激处理均属于热处理, 对桃果细胞膜的完整性均有一定影响。有研究表明热处理的温度对果蔬冷害及ROS代谢的影响不相同, 艾文婷等[26]报道相较于新鲜黄瓜, 50 ℃处理组MDA含量上升49.5%, 但35 ℃和40 ℃处理组MDA含量却低于CK组。因此适宜的热处理能够减缓果品在低温胁迫下的不良反应。
TP作为果品中重要的抗氧化活性物质, 能显著提升植物的抗胁迫性和抗病性, 但多酚容易被氧化形成色素物质而形成褐变。图9为射频和热激处理对冷冻桃果TP含量的影响。由图9可知, 空白对照组桃果的TP含量为(5.79±0.13) mg/g。相较于热激处理, 射频处理对桃果中TP含量的影响更为显著, 特别是RF-10处理组, TP含量显著下降了12.33%; 而当射频维持时间继续延长, 桃果中的TP含量逐渐上升至(6.04±0.23) mg/g。这是由于射频属于高频技术, 具有一定的辅助提取作用, 随着射频处理时间的延长, 桃果中TP的提取率逐渐升高[27]。相似的情况在热激处理中也发现, 热激处理组桃果的TP含量呈上升趋势, 比空白对照组上升了1.6%。在冻藏7 d后, 桃果中TP含量整体呈现下降趋势, 其中RF-10、RF-20和RF-30射频处理组桃果多酚含量均高于对照组。冷冻贮藏期间TP含量的下降可能与氧化、聚合导致的结构变化相关[28], 而射频处理对这一变化有一定的抑制作用。该结果表明, 射频处理前期能一定程度降低TP含量, 但在冻藏期间又抑制了桃果中TP的降解。
近年来有许多学者关注果品贮藏期间酚类物质的变化规律, 这是由于酚类物质相较于其他营养成分更易发生氧化褐变, 进而对果品的品质带来显著不利影响。刘卫等[29]研究发现贮藏初期总酚降低较快, 这是由于初期氧气和多酚底物含量较高, 容易发生酚类化合物的氧化褐变反应, 而随着底物的减少, 多酚的氧化缩合反应也随之降低。贮藏后期, 酚类化合物会与蛋白质发生络合反应进一步降低总酚含量[30]。相似的结果在柠檬[31]、月柿果品[32]等研究中发现。
对射频和热激处理的桃果样品理化品质进行相关性分析, 得到相关系数热图(图10)。如图10所示, 数据的相关系数对应显著性大小, 相关系数越大表示两变量间越显著相关。在贮藏第0 d, TA与TSS/TA间呈显著(P<0.05)负相关, CAT和PPO间呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。在冷冻贮藏第7 d, 电导率和TSS间呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关, TSS/TA和MDA呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。类似地, 相关研究发现, CAT和PPO酶活呈正相关, TSS/TA和MDA呈负相关[33-34]。这是由于水蜜桃褐变过程是ROS产生和积累的过程, CAT和PPO均是桃果体内存在的酶促抗氧化防御系统的重要保护酶, 射频和热激处理对桃果褐变的影响主要体现在CAT和PPO活性。此外, 冻藏后桃果的TSS/TA值可间接反映桃果细胞膜透性, 细胞膜完整性对于桃果的褐变具有重要意义, 同时也会影响MDA含量。
本研究采用热激和不同时间的射频预处理奉化水蜜桃, 并监测其在冻藏7 d内的褐变及品质变化情况。实验结果表明, 射频和热激处理后桃果的pH未发生显著变化(P>0.05), 但冻藏后pH发生了一定变化。相比于热激处理, 射频处理对桃果TSS/TA的影响相对较小, 显著降低了桃果的电导率(P<0.05), 表明热激处理对桃果的细胞膜通透性有较大影响, 而射频处理能更好的保持桃果细胞膜的完整性。冻藏后射频组桃果由于冰晶生成引起电导率进一步改变。此外, 热激和射频处理对冷冻桃果的褐变均有一定的抑制作用。基于褐变关键酶、底物和产物的研究发现, 射频处理对于冻藏桃果PPO活性有很好的抑制作用, 对CAT活性维持有一定作用, 可降低果实褐变程度, 更好的抵御ROS对桃果机体的伤害, 但在贮藏期间PPO活性仍会显著上升; 射频处理前期能一定程度降低总酚含量, 但在冻藏期间又抑制了桃果中总酚的降解; 此外射频组桃果可溶性醌含量显著低于热激组和空白对照组(P<0.05)。但较高温度的射频和热激处理使得丙二醛含量有一定程度上升。基于相关性分析发现褐变关键酶CAT和PPO间呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关, 而TSS/TA和MDA呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。综上, 射频处理对桃果褐变具有良好的抑制效果, 可以较好维持桃果的理化品质。本研究为射频技术在果品钝酶领域的应用奠定了理论基础, 由于本研究是基于氧化关键酶等进行钝酶机制研究, 尚处于表观研究水平, 未来基于分子水平的射频钝酶机制的研究将进一步开展, 同时探究射频技术对果品内部代谢与细胞结构的影响, 以期更全面地阐述射频钝酶的机制。
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2025年第16卷第1期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241104012
  • 接收时间:2024-11-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04
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宁波市科技特派员项目(2024S212)
宁波市奉化区科技计划项目(202402105)
宁波市农业技术推广项目(2023NT011)
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    1.宁波市农业科学研究院农产品加工研究所, 宁波 315100
    2.宁波市圆蓝食品科技有限公司, 宁波 315502

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*朱麟(1984—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与高值化利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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