Article(id=1153986784796070850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727366400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061489533, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061489533, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061489533, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061489533, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=202, endPage=206, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986785743983597, articleId=1153986784796070850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on microbial growth in fresh cut Citrullus lanatus under normal and refrigerated conditions, columnId=1153986783114154916, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Detection and Prevention of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the changes in microbial content of fresh cut Citrullus lanatus of different varieties over time under normal temperature and refrigeration storage conditions. Methods The 30 batches of 420 samples of the more popular of Kirin, Sweet King, and Black Beauty Citrullus lanatus, were selected as the research objects. After being divided and stored at room temperature and refrigerated conditions for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours, microbial item detection was carried out to obtain the total bacterial count, coliform count, mold and yeast count, and Staphylococcus aureus microbial contamination. Results The total bacterial count, coliform count, mold and yeast count of the three fresh cut Citrullus lanatus increased with storage time. After being stored at room temperature for 8, 10 and 12 hours, the total bacterial count of Kirin, Sweet King, and Black Beauty Citrullus lanatus exceeded 105 CFU/g, the coliform count exceeded 100 CFU/g after 8 hours, and the total number of mold and yeast count exceeded 100 CFU/g after 10 hours, under refrigeration conditions, the average total bacterial count of Kirin, Sweet King, and Black Beauty Citrullus lanatus stored for 8 hours exceeded 104 CFU/g; the coliform count, total number of molds and yeasts all exceeded 100 CFU/g after 10 hours of storage. Staphylococcus aureus was detected after 4 hours of storage at room temperature and 6 hours of refrigeration, with a total detection rate of 32.86%. Conclusion Fresh cut Citrullus lanatus pose an increased safety risk due to microbial contamination after being stored at room temperature for 8 hours. Consumers should consume them as soon as possible after purchase and store them at low temperatures if necessary.

, correspAuthors=Liang-Jun YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Liang-Jun YIN, Hong-Jie WANG, Zhen-Qi ZHOU, Wen-Juan WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986786020807668, articleId=1153986784796070850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=常温和冷藏条件下鲜切西瓜中微生物生长研究, columnId=1153986783244178342, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:食源性病原微生物检测与防控, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 分析不同品种鲜切西瓜在常温和冷藏保存条件下微生物负载量随时间的变化规律。方法 选择市售较多的麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜30批次420份样品为研究对象, 对其进行切分处理后分别在常温和冷藏条件下保存2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h进行微生物项目检测, 得出菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数、金黄色葡萄球菌的微生物污染情况。结果 3个品种鲜切西瓜的菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数均随贮藏时间延长而增加, 麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜分别在常温保存8、10、12 h后菌落总数超过105 CFU/g, 保存8 h后大肠菌群计数超过100 CFU/g, 10 h后霉菌和酵母菌总数超过100 CFU/g; 冷藏条件下, 麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜保存8 h后平均菌落总数均超过104 CFU/g; 大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数均在保存10 h后超过100 CFU/g。金黄色葡萄球菌在常温保存4 h后被检出、冷藏保存6 h后检出, 总检出率32.86%。结论 鲜切西瓜在常温保存8 h后因微生物污染引起的安全风险增高, 消费者购买后应尽快食用, 如需保存尽量低温冷藏存储。

, correspAuthors=尹良军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*尹良军(1981—), 男, 副主任药师, 主要研究方向为食品、药品、化妆品检验及质量控制研究。E-mail:
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尹良军(1981—), 男, 副主任药师, 主要研究方向为食品、药品、化妆品检验及质量控制研究。E-mail:

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尹良军(1981—), 男, 副主任药师, 主要研究方向为食品、药品、化妆品检验及质量控制研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Protection, 2021, 84(5): 850-856., articleTitle=Quantification of cross-contamination of Campylobacter jejuni during food preparation in a model kitchen in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369327093530845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=7, pageStart=2591, pageEnd=2599, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=40, authorNames=马金晶, 李凤琴, 黄敏毅, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马金晶, 李凤琴, 黄敏毅, 等. 鲜切果蔬中食源性致病菌污染研究进展[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2021, 12(7): 2591-2599., articleTitle=鲜切果蔬中食源性致病菌污染研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369327177416927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=7, pageStart=2591, pageEnd=2599, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=41, authorNames=MA JJ, LI FQ, HUANG MY, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA JJ, LI FQ, HUANG MY, et al. Research progress on foodborne pathogenic bacteria contamination in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021, 12(7): 2591-2599., articleTitle=Research progress on foodborne pathogenic bacteria contamination in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369327349383392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=40, issue=26, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=42, authorNames=LIU XH, ZHAO TX, journalName=Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU XH, ZHAO TX. Effects of culture temperature on total bacterial count in the fast frozen fruits and vegetables[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(26): 13088, 13159., articleTitle=Effects of culture temperature on total bacterial count in the fast frozen fruits and vegetables, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369327395520738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LI XB, HU WZ, JIANG AL, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI XB, HU WZ, JIANG AL, et al. Study on the relationship between total bacterial count and sensory quality of freshcut fruits and vegetables[Z]. 2015., articleTitle=Study on the relationship between total bacterial count and sensory quality of freshcut fruits and vegetables, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369320651079762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369320659468370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, companyId=1174369320651079762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tongchuan Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Tongchuan 727031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369320667856979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, companyId=1174369320651079762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=铜川市食品药品检验检测中心, 铜川 727031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369322492379267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Count of total bacterial count (log10 CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 常温 冷藏
麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜 麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜
2 h 3.34±0.64 2.81±0.55 1.90±0.43 2.32±0.18 2.51±0.45 1.70±0.32
4 h 3.54±0.45 4.20±1.00 4.23±0.82 2.59±0.12 3.71±0.81 3.18±0.52
6 h 4.23±0.41 4.49±0.75 4.40±0.85 3.99±0.42 3.95±0.65 3.93±0.75
8 h 5.08±0.35 4.79±0.71 4.81±0.75 4.41±0.38 4.51±0.92 4.58±0.98
10 h 5.26±0.31 4.99±0.54 4.87±0.56 4.81±0.35 4.66±0.56 4.69±0.85
12 h 5.43±0.30 5.46±0.31 5.51±0.48 5.20±0.48 4.91±0.25 4.93±0.52
24 h 5.80±0.28 5.92±0.32 6.76±0.61 5.49±0.34 5.18±0.32 5.32±0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1174369322693705861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

菌落总数计数情况(log10 CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 常温 冷藏
麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜 麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜
2 h 3.34±0.64 2.81±0.55 1.90±0.43 2.32±0.18 2.51±0.45 1.70±0.32
4 h 3.54±0.45 4.20±1.00 4.23±0.82 2.59±0.12 3.71±0.81 3.18±0.52
6 h 4.23±0.41 4.49±0.75 4.40±0.85 3.99±0.42 3.95±0.65 3.93±0.75
8 h 5.08±0.35 4.79±0.71 4.81±0.75 4.41±0.38 4.51±0.92 4.58±0.98
10 h 5.26±0.31 4.99±0.54 4.87±0.56 4.81±0.35 4.66±0.56 4.69±0.85
12 h 5.43±0.30 5.46±0.31 5.51±0.48 5.20±0.48 4.91±0.25 4.93±0.52
24 h 5.80±0.28 5.92±0.32 6.76±0.61 5.49±0.34 5.18±0.32 5.32±0.21
), ArticleFig(id=1174369322798563462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Count of coliform bacteria (log10 CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 常温 冷藏
麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜 麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜
2 h 1.60±0.22 1.48±0.36 1.48±0.25 1.48±0.20 1.00±0.31 1.30±0.30
4 h 1.70±0.45 1.48±0.32 1.60±0.23 1.48±0.31 1.30±0.40 1.30±0.38
6 h 1.95±0.32 1.90±0.21 1.85±0.27 1.70±0.09 1.78±0.22 1.70±0.21
8 h 2.26±0.13 2.18±0.15 2.08±0.11 1.95±0.19 1.95±0.12 1.95±0.21
10 h 2.75±0.15 2.59±0.21 2.40±0.15 2.56±0.15 2.34±0.17 2.29±0.18
12 h 2.93±0.18 2.72±0.19 2.79±0.12 2.72±0.24 2.58±0.11 2.54±0.10
24 h 2.99±0.23 2.89±0.18 2.86±0.09 2.93±0.15 2.81±0.10 2.68±0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1174369322941169800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大肠菌群计数情况(log10 CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 常温 冷藏
麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜 麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜
2 h 1.60±0.22 1.48±0.36 1.48±0.25 1.48±0.20 1.00±0.31 1.30±0.30
4 h 1.70±0.45 1.48±0.32 1.60±0.23 1.48±0.31 1.30±0.40 1.30±0.38
6 h 1.95±0.32 1.90±0.21 1.85±0.27 1.70±0.09 1.78±0.22 1.70±0.21
8 h 2.26±0.13 2.18±0.15 2.08±0.11 1.95±0.19 1.95±0.12 1.95±0.21
10 h 2.75±0.15 2.59±0.21 2.40±0.15 2.56±0.15 2.34±0.17 2.29±0.18
12 h 2.93±0.18 2.72±0.19 2.79±0.12 2.72±0.24 2.58±0.11 2.54±0.10
24 h 2.99±0.23 2.89±0.18 2.86±0.09 2.93±0.15 2.81±0.10 2.68±0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1174369323054416010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Total count of mold and yeast (log10 CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 常温 冷藏
麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜 麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜
2 h 1.60±0.21 1.30±0.25 0.90±0.20 1.48±0.19 1.08±0.22 0.60±0.18
4 h 1.78±0.24 1.54±0.26 1.00±0.19 1.60±0.17 1.40±0.24 0.90±0.21
6 h 1.78±0.22 1.70±0.30 1.30±0.24 1.70±0.15 1.51±0.20 1.08±0.22
8 h 1.85±0.19 1.81±0.29 1.58±0.31 1.78±0.22 1.74±0.26 1.18±0.28
10 h 2.00±0.29 2.04±0.31 1.88±0.35 1.95±0.32 1.81±0.27 1.41±0.25
12 h 2.26±0.39 2.26±0.28 1.96±0.31 2.00±0.20 1.95±0.31 1.62±0.35
24 h 2.38±0.28 2.32±0.33 2.04±0.40 2.11±0.15 2.08±0.19 1.83±0.32
), ArticleFig(id=1174369323142496396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784796070850, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

霉菌和酵母菌总数计数情况(log10 CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 常温 冷藏
麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜 麒麟西瓜 甜王西瓜 黑美人西瓜
2 h 1.60±0.21 1.30±0.25 0.90±0.20 1.48±0.19 1.08±0.22 0.60±0.18
4 h 1.78±0.24 1.54±0.26 1.00±0.19 1.60±0.17 1.40±0.24 0.90±0.21
6 h 1.78±0.22 1.70±0.30 1.30±0.24 1.70±0.15 1.51±0.20 1.08±0.22
8 h 1.85±0.19 1.81±0.29 1.58±0.31 1.78±0.22 1.74±0.26 1.18±0.28
10 h 2.00±0.29 2.04±0.31 1.88±0.35 1.95±0.32 1.81±0.27 1.41±0.25
12 h 2.26±0.39 2.26±0.28 1.96±0.31 2.00±0.20 1.95±0.31 1.62±0.35
24 h 2.38±0.28 2.32±0.33 2.04±0.40 2.11±0.15 2.08±0.19 1.83±0.32
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食源性病原微生物检测与防控 2025,16(1): 202-206
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食源性病原微生物检测与防控 2025, 16(1): 202-206
常温和冷藏条件下鲜切西瓜中微生物生长研究
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尹良军* , 王宏杰, 周振旗, 王文娟
作者信息
  • 铜川市食品药品检验检测中心, 铜川 727031
  • 尹良军(1981—), 男, 副主任药师, 主要研究方向为食品、药品、化妆品检验及质量控制研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*尹良军(1981—), 男, 副主任药师, 主要研究方向为食品、药品、化妆品检验及质量控制研究。E-mail:
Study on microbial growth in fresh cut Citrullus lanatus under normal and refrigerated conditions
Liang-Jun YIN* , Hong-Jie WANG, Zhen-Qi ZHOU, Wen-Juan WANG
Affiliations
  • Tongchuan Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Tongchuan 727031, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927004
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目的 分析不同品种鲜切西瓜在常温和冷藏保存条件下微生物负载量随时间的变化规律。方法 选择市售较多的麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜30批次420份样品为研究对象, 对其进行切分处理后分别在常温和冷藏条件下保存2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h进行微生物项目检测, 得出菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数、金黄色葡萄球菌的微生物污染情况。结果 3个品种鲜切西瓜的菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数均随贮藏时间延长而增加, 麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜分别在常温保存8、10、12 h后菌落总数超过105 CFU/g, 保存8 h后大肠菌群计数超过100 CFU/g, 10 h后霉菌和酵母菌总数超过100 CFU/g; 冷藏条件下, 麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜保存8 h后平均菌落总数均超过104 CFU/g; 大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数均在保存10 h后超过100 CFU/g。金黄色葡萄球菌在常温保存4 h后被检出、冷藏保存6 h后检出, 总检出率32.86%。结论 鲜切西瓜在常温保存8 h后因微生物污染引起的安全风险增高, 消费者购买后应尽快食用, 如需保存尽量低温冷藏存储。

鲜切西瓜  /  微生物  /  污染

Objective To analyze the changes in microbial content of fresh cut Citrullus lanatus of different varieties over time under normal temperature and refrigeration storage conditions. Methods The 30 batches of 420 samples of the more popular of Kirin, Sweet King, and Black Beauty Citrullus lanatus, were selected as the research objects. After being divided and stored at room temperature and refrigerated conditions for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours, microbial item detection was carried out to obtain the total bacterial count, coliform count, mold and yeast count, and Staphylococcus aureus microbial contamination. Results The total bacterial count, coliform count, mold and yeast count of the three fresh cut Citrullus lanatus increased with storage time. After being stored at room temperature for 8, 10 and 12 hours, the total bacterial count of Kirin, Sweet King, and Black Beauty Citrullus lanatus exceeded 105 CFU/g, the coliform count exceeded 100 CFU/g after 8 hours, and the total number of mold and yeast count exceeded 100 CFU/g after 10 hours, under refrigeration conditions, the average total bacterial count of Kirin, Sweet King, and Black Beauty Citrullus lanatus stored for 8 hours exceeded 104 CFU/g; the coliform count, total number of molds and yeasts all exceeded 100 CFU/g after 10 hours of storage. Staphylococcus aureus was detected after 4 hours of storage at room temperature and 6 hours of refrigeration, with a total detection rate of 32.86%. Conclusion Fresh cut Citrullus lanatus pose an increased safety risk due to microbial contamination after being stored at room temperature for 8 hours. Consumers should consume them as soon as possible after purchase and store them at low temperatures if necessary.

fresh cut Citrullus lanatus  /  microorganism  /  contamination
尹良军, 王宏杰, 周振旗, 王文娟. 常温和冷藏条件下鲜切西瓜中微生物生长研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 202 -206 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927004
Liang-Jun YIN, Hong-Jie WANG, Zhen-Qi ZHOU, Wen-Juan WANG. Study on microbial growth in fresh cut Citrullus lanatus under normal and refrigerated conditions[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 202 -206 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927004
鲜切水果是对水果进行削皮、修整、包装后提供给消费者食用[1]。作为即时性食品, 鲜切水果食用方便, 可以满足人们的营养需求[2]。水果在切分的过程容易引入更多的微生物污染。被去皮切分之后, 组织结构大面积破坏, 由于失去外果皮的保护导致果实的汁液外溢, 适宜的温度和湿度下, 具有营养的汁液为空气中微生物的生长繁殖提供了较为适宜的营养环境, 易造成食品安全风险[3]。根据全国各省市食源性疾病暴发事件监测结果分析, 食源性疾病暴发事件主要由微生物因素导致[4-7], 新鲜蔬菜和水果与多种食源性疾病暴发有关[8-9]。由金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒人数的持续增加及其在新鲜蔬菜和水果上的暴露, 给人类的生活带来巨大的威胁[10]。但目前公众对于食品化学性污染的重视程度远超微生物污染, 由微生物因素造成的食源性疾病风险被严重低估[11]
微生物污染作为反映食品卫生状况的关键指标, 是控制食品质量和保证食品安全的重要因素。有研究表明经过鲜切的即食果蔬微生物的污染水平远高于未加工的果蔬[12], 且食源性病原微生物侵染鲜切水果后, 具有很强的生长与繁殖能力, 有引发食源性疾病的风险。温度是影响食源性病原微生物生长和保障鲜切果蔬安全的重要因素[13]。鲜切西瓜的金黄色葡萄球菌检出率达46.15%[14], 麒麟、黑美人等西瓜品种更适合鲜切[15]。本研究选择市售较多的麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜为研究对象, 对其进行切分处理后分别在常温和冷藏条件下保存2、4、6、8、10、12、24 h进行微生物项目检测, 得出菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数、金黄色葡萄球菌的微生物污染情况, 对不同时间节点的微生物污染情况进行对比, 得到不同品种鲜切西瓜在常温和冷藏保存条件下微生物负载量随时间的变化规律, 以期为即食果蔬食品安全风险评估和监督管理提供科学依据。
2024年7—9月在市内各超市农贸市场随机采集鲜切西瓜30批420份样品, 其中麒麟、甜王和黑美人各10批次140份。
平板计数琼脂(批号: 20230315)、孟加拉红琼脂(批号: 20221217)、结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂(批号: 20240110)、煌绿乳糖胆盐肉汤(批号: 20230827)、Baird Parker琼脂(批号: 20240722)、兔血浆(批号: 20240528)(青岛海博生物技术有限公司)。
UX620H电子天平(精度0.001 g, 日本岛津公司); SPX-150生化培养箱(上海扬州慧科电子有限公司); WDP-9162电热恒温培养箱(上海安亭科学仪器有限公司); HWS-70D恒温恒湿培养箱(杭州聚同电子有限公司); DKZ电热恒温水浴锅(常州忠旺仪器制造有限公司); HY-2调速多用震荡器(常州隆和仪器制造有点公司); LDZF-75KB-Ⅲ立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅(上海申安医疗器械厂)。
取25 g样品置225 mL 0.85%无菌生理盐水均质袋中, 均质3 min制成质量比为1:10供试液, 用同一稀释液10倍系列稀释。选取2~3个适宜的连续稀释度, 每个稀释度接种2个无菌平皿, 每皿1 mL。同时取1 mL无菌生理盐水加入无菌平皿作空白对照, 将15~20 mL冷却至46~50 ℃的相应培养基倾注培养皿, 并转动培养皿使其混合均匀, 36 ℃培养箱进行菌落总数和大肠菌群培养; 28 ℃培养箱进行霉菌和酵母菌培养。选择合适稀释度样品匀液分别吸取1 mL以0.3、0.3、0.4 mL接种量分别加入3块Baird-Parker平板, 然后用无菌涂布棒涂布整个平板, 36 ℃培养箱进行金黄色葡萄球菌培养。
菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母计数、金黄色葡萄球菌检验按照GB 4789.1—2016《食品微生物学检验 总则》、GB 4789.2—2022《食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》、GB 4789.3—2016《食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》、GB 4789.15—2016《食品微生物学检验 霉菌和酵母计数》、GB 4789.10—2016《食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球菌检验》, 分别对30批420份样品进行检验。
本研究选择3个西瓜品种, 切分处理后分别在常温和冷藏条件下保存7个时间点进行微生物项目检测, 每个品种重复10次; 使用Excel 2018进行结果统计分析。
3个品种鲜切西瓜的菌落总数均随贮藏时间延长而增加。麒麟西瓜受微生物污染情况最为严重, 常温保存下在8 h保存后平均菌落总数超过105 CFU/g, 甜王西瓜次之, 在10 h后平均菌落总数超105 CFU/g; 黑美人西瓜在12 h后平均菌落总数超105 CFU/g。冷藏条件下, 麒麟、甜王、黑美人西瓜8 h保存后平均菌落总数均超过104 CFU/g。具体见表1
3个品种鲜切西瓜的大肠菌群计数整体上均随贮藏时间延长而增加。常温保存条件下麒麟、甜王、黑美人西瓜平均大肠菌群计数均在8 h保存后超过100 CFU/g, 冷藏保存条件下麒麟、甜王、黑美人西瓜平均大肠菌群计数均在10 h保存后超过100 CFU/g。具体见表2
实验发现, 麒麟西瓜在12 h常温保存后汁液渗透率较高, 瓜瓤出现较为明显变软, 24 h后, 在变软同时出现了颜色变化, 但3个品种西瓜均未发现可见腐烂变质状况。3个品种西瓜常温和冷藏保存后霉菌和酵母菌总数均随贮藏时间延长而增加。常温和冷藏保存均在10 h后霉菌和酵母菌计数超过100 CFU/g(黑美人西瓜冷藏保存除外)。结果见表3
420份样品中金黄色葡萄球菌共检出138份, 占比32.86%, 常温保存4 h后麒麟西瓜、甜王西瓜和黑美人西瓜均有样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌。共检出89份, 占总检出64.49%, 其中麒麟西瓜34份, 占总检出24.64%, 甜王西瓜30份, 占总检出21.74%, 黑美人西瓜25份, 占总检出18.12%; 冷藏保存6 h后麒麟西瓜和甜王西瓜有样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌, 8 h后黑美人西瓜有样品检出。共检出49份, 占比35.51%, 其中麒麟西瓜20份, 占总检出14.49%, 甜王西瓜17份, 占总检出12.32%, 黑美人西瓜12份, 占总检出8.70%。
鲜切水果迎合了当下消费者的消费需求, 消费量逐年递增, 但随之而来的微生物污染风险也不容小觑。本研究通过对30批次420份鲜切西瓜样品进行微生物污染情况研究发现, 鲜切西瓜保存时间越长, 微生物负载量越多。目前市售即食鲜切果蔬除由专门企业生产加工提供外, 更多是超市、餐饮、便利店和果蔬、果切专卖店等现制现售, 加工环境卫生条件欠佳, 交叉污染风险高[16], 若从业人员操作不规范, 易导致致病菌污染[17]。金黄色葡萄球菌是一种革兰氏阳性菌、食源性致病性病原体和人畜共患病病原体[18], 其对生存环境和营养条件无特殊需求, 能适应各种恶劣环境[19], 可以通过接触传播和空气传播等方法, 引起感染[20]。金黄色葡萄球菌在美国每年导致约3万例食物中毒[21], 是我国第三大食源性致病菌[22-23], 可以引起食品污染并导致细菌性食物中毒, 鲜切果蔬属于易感种类[24-25]。鲜切果蔬产品中食源性致病菌的污染水平远高于未加工的果蔬[26-28]。目前, 对鲜切果蔬微生物污染限定标准除GB 29921—2021《食品安全国家标准 预包装食品中致病菌限量》中对即食果蔬制品中致病菌限度作了要求外无明确的微生物限度标准。除致病菌污染外, 菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数也是评价食品污染程度的重要指标[29-30]
研究发现, 鲜切麒麟、甜王和黑美人西瓜在常温和冷藏保存条件下, 菌落总数、大肠菌群计数、霉菌和酵母菌计数均随保存时间延长而增加。冷藏较常温保存微生物污染更少; 相同条件下, 黑美人西瓜微生物污染较少, 甜王西瓜次之, 麒麟西瓜最为严重。金黄色葡萄球菌在常温保存4 h后检出, 冷藏保存条件下检出率较低。保存时长超过8 h后, 鲜切西瓜微生物污染风险较高, 建议消费者尽快食用, 如需保存尽量低温冷藏存储。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240927004
  • 接收时间:2024-09-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-27
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    铜川市食品药品检验检测中心, 铜川 727031

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*尹良军(1981—), 男, 副主任药师, 主要研究方向为食品、药品、化妆品检验及质量控制研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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