Article(id=1153986784124982196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240807004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722960000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061489373, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061489373, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061489373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061489373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=127, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986784926094280, articleId=1153986784124982196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in aquatic products by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1153986779267978046, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Aquatic Product Processing and Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To Establish a method for simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in aquatic products by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, dehydrated by anhydrous MgSO4 and NaCl, purified by 100 mg primary secondary amine (PSA), filtered by 0.22 µm organic microporous membrane, and qualitatively and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The 11 kinds of caine anesthetes and their 3 kinds of metabolites showed a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 0.01-5.00 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.99529-0.99989. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites were 0.05-2.00 µg/kg and 0.15-5.00 µg/kg, respectively. The 3 kinds of substrates, white shrimp, carp and turbinus were performed at 3 levels: 1 times LOQ, 2-2.5 times LOQ and 10 times LOQ. The recoveries of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in 3 samples were 71.3%-114.2%, 71.2%-107.0% and 70.4%-104.5%, and the relative standard deviations were 0.7%-11.2%, 0.5%-11.5% and 0.8%-14.2%. The method was used to detect 50 batches of different varieties of aquatic products in the market. The results showed that 4 batches of products were detected with caine anesthetic, and the other 46 batches were not detected, the detection rate was 8%. The detected items were mainly tricaine, benzocaine, m-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid, the content of which were 5.68-90.80 μg/kg, and the other 10 kinds of compounds were not detected. Conclusions The method is simple and fast, has high sensitivity, accuracy and precision, and can simultaneously determine a variety of caine anesthetics in aquatic products. It is suitable for the determination of batch samples, and has high practical application significance, and can provide powerful technical support for food safety monitoring.

, correspAuthors=Xiu-Li WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiu-Li WANG, Hong-Xia ZHOU, Mei-Chao ZHANG, Shi-Jie DING, Miao WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986802579919356, articleId=1153986784124982196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量, columnId=1151923891695350386, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈提取, 无水MgSO4和 NaCl除水, 再经100 mg N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)进行净化, 后过0.22 µm有机微孔滤膜, 经液相色谱-串联质谱进行定性定量分析。结果 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在0.01~5.00 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数(r)为0.99529~0.99989, 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的方法检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为0.05~2.00 µg/kg, 方法定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ)为0.15~5.00 µg/kg。在南美白对虾、鲤鱼、多宝鱼3种基质中, 分别进行1倍LOQ、2~2.5倍LOQ和10倍LOQ 3个水平的加标试验, 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在3种添加水平中的回收率分别为71.3%~114.2%、71.2%~107.0%、70.4%~104.5%, 相对标准偏差分别为0.7%~11.2%、0.5%~11.5%以及0.8%~14.2%。利用该方法对市售的50批次不同品种的水产品进行检测, 结果表明在4批次产品中有卡因类麻醉剂检出, 其余46批产品未检出, 检出率8%; 检出的项目主要为三卡因、苯佐卡因、间氨基苯甲酸和对氨基苯甲酸, 含量在5.68~90.80 μg/kg, 其余10种化合物均未被检出。结论 该方法操作简单快捷, 具有较高的灵敏度、准确度和精密度, 且可同时测定水产品中的多种卡因类麻醉剂, 适用于批量样品的测定, 具有较高的实际应用意义, 可为食品安全监测提供有力的技术支持。

, correspAuthors=王秀丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王秀丽(1987—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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Determination of 7 kinds of local anesthetics in cosmetics by solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Detergent & Cosmetics, 2017, 40(9): 30-34., articleTitle=Determination of 7 kinds of local anesthetics in cosmetics by solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369608921395605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=1501, pageEnd=1505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=51, authorNames=张艳, 凌莉, 梁素丹, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张艳, 凌莉, 梁素丹. QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定果蔬中33种农药残留[J]. 现代预防医学, 2022(8): 1501-1505, 1536., articleTitle=QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定果蔬中33种农药残留, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369608980115862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=1501, pageEnd=1505, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=52, authorNames=ZHANG Y, LING L, LIANG SD, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y, LING L, LIANG SD. Determination of 33 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2022(8): 1501-1505, 1536., articleTitle=Determination of 33 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by QuEChERS-ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369609034641815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=74, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=53, authorNames=刘成文, 曾懿, 孙丽萍, journalName=农产品质量与安全, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘成文, 曾懿, 孙丽萍. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物、三苯甲烷类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和酰胺醇类药物残留[J]. 农产品质量与安全, 2023(4): 74-80, 93., articleTitle=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物、三苯甲烷类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和酰胺醇类药物残留, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369609089167768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=74, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=54, authorNames=LIU CW, ZENG Y, SUN LP, journalName=Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU CW, ZENG Y, SUN LP. Simultaneous determination of nitrofuran metabolites, triphenylmethane, sulfonamides, quinolones and amide alcohols in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatogre- tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, 2023(4): 74-80, 93., articleTitle=Simultaneous determination of nitrofuran metabolites, triphenylmethane, sulfonamides, quinolones and amide alcohols in aquatic products by ultra performance liquid chromatogre- tandem mass spectrometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369609152082329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=13, pageStart=212, pageEnd=215, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=55, authorNames=牟丹, 梅英杰, 董瑾, journalName=现代食品, refType=null, unstructuredReference=牟丹, 梅英杰, 董瑾, 等. 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Modern Food, 2022, 28(13): 212-215, 221., articleTitle=Determination of matrix effects of 13 pesticides in 7 vegetables by QuEChERS-GC-ECD, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369598221725920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369598230114529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, companyId=1174369598221725920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai 264200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369598238503138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, companyId=1174369598221725920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.威海市食品药品检验检测研究院, 威海 264200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1174369598406275300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369598414663909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, companyId=1174369598406275300, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Weihai Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Quality Evaluation and Technical Research, Weihai 264200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369598418858214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, companyId=1174369598406275300, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.威海市食品药品质量评价与技术研究重点实验室, 威海 264200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369601434562848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Quantitative ion chromatogram of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites (c=5 ng/mL), figureFileSmall=9jo1VLTRzpVXd4hbGYz+7g==, figureFileBig=cXgSLXHYC9s65PKHQqHOvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369601640083746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=图1, caption=11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的定量离子色谱图(c=5 ng/mL), figureFileSmall=9jo1VLTRzpVXd4hbGYz+7g==, figureFileBig=cXgSLXHYC9s65PKHQqHOvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369601778495780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of extraction solvent on recovery rates of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites (n=3), figureFileSmall=Y8LJ/Erdo4afY0tGlqzaDQ==, figureFileBig=vRTgJ1UnJrR8YhYdO+JYHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369601874964774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=图2, caption=提取溶剂对11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物回收率的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=Y8LJ/Erdo4afY0tGlqzaDQ==, figureFileBig=vRTgJ1UnJrR8YhYdO+JYHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369602172760361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different purification agents on recovery rates of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites (n=3), figureFileSmall=PdA0AY0nptzXTEI0Cuye3A==, figureFileBig=EjV76OHCpukwR7P4aWVAvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369602386669868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同净化剂对11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物回收率的影响(n=3), figureFileSmall=PdA0AY0nptzXTEI0Cuye3A==, figureFileBig=EjV76OHCpukwR7P4aWVAvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369602583802158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mobile phase gradient conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 1 mmol/L乙酸铵/% 甲醇/%
0.00 80 20
2.00 30 70
6.00 30 70
8.00 10 90
9.00 80 20
10.00 80 20
), ArticleFig(id=1174369602726408497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 1 mmol/L乙酸铵/% 甲醇/%
0.00 80 20
2.00 30 70
6.00 30 70
8.00 10 90
9.00 80 20
10.00 80 20
), ArticleFig(id=1174369602822877491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrum parameters of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolic under multiple reaction monitoring mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能/V 去簇电压/V
MS-222 3.42 166.0 138.0*, 93.9 23, 26 50
间氨基苯甲酸 3.38 138.3 77.0*, 64.9 23, 35 50
苯佐卡因 3.41 166.1 138.1*, 94.0 23, 27 50
对氨基苯甲酸 3.37 138.1 77.1*, 94.0 24, 21 50
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 0.84 180.1 94.0*, 138.1 22, 21 50
普鲁卡因 1.98 237.1 100.1*, 120.0 20, 32 49
氯普鲁卡因 2.58 271.1 100.1*, 154.0 21, 28 49
普鲁卡因胺 1.40 236.2 163.0*, 120.0 24, 38 49
利多卡因 4.27 235.2 86.1*, 58.1 23, 52 49
辛可卡因 4.68 344.1 271.0*, 215.1 28, 40 49
丁卡因 4.26 265.1 265.1*, 176.0 18, 18 49
布比卡因 4.68 289.2 140.2*, 98.0 27, 49 49
丙胺卡因 3.44 221.1 86.0*, 136.0 16, 24 49
罗哌卡因 4.31 275.1 126.1*, 84.2 28, 61 49
), ArticleFig(id=1174369602923540789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

多反应监测模式下11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能/V 去簇电压/V
MS-222 3.42 166.0 138.0*, 93.9 23, 26 50
间氨基苯甲酸 3.38 138.3 77.0*, 64.9 23, 35 50
苯佐卡因 3.41 166.1 138.1*, 94.0 23, 27 50
对氨基苯甲酸 3.37 138.1 77.1*, 94.0 24, 21 50
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 0.84 180.1 94.0*, 138.1 22, 21 50
普鲁卡因 1.98 237.1 100.1*, 120.0 20, 32 49
氯普鲁卡因 2.58 271.1 100.1*, 154.0 21, 28 49
普鲁卡因胺 1.40 236.2 163.0*, 120.0 24, 38 49
利多卡因 4.27 235.2 86.1*, 58.1 23, 52 49
辛可卡因 4.68 344.1 271.0*, 215.1 28, 40 49
丁卡因 4.26 265.1 265.1*, 176.0 18, 18 49
布比卡因 4.68 289.2 140.2*, 98.0 27, 49 49
丙胺卡因 3.44 221.1 86.0*, 136.0 16, 24 49
罗哌卡因 4.31 275.1 126.1*, 84.2 28, 61 49
), ArticleFig(id=1174369602994843959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

MEs of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in different aquatic products

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 (ME-1)/%
南美对白虾 鲤鱼 多宝鱼
MS-222 -4.1 65.2 4.2
间氨基苯甲酸 1.2 46.4 15.3
苯佐卡因 -6.5 59.7 2.1
对氨基苯甲酸 2.2 59.0 17.2
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 -15.6 -61.3 -10.2
普鲁卡因 2.5 4.5 2.5
氯普鲁卡因 1.0 -2.4 5.2
普鲁卡因胺 -16.0 5.7 -9.1
利多卡因 0.6 -3.1 -18.8
辛可卡因 3.0 -4.7 -17.7
丁卡因 19.6 12.2 -18.1
布比卡因 0.6 -2.8 -15.7
丙胺卡因 0.6 -19.5 -15.7
罗哌卡因 0.2 -7.1 -15.7
), ArticleFig(id=1174369603082924345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在不同水产品中的MEs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 (ME-1)/%
南美对白虾 鲤鱼 多宝鱼
MS-222 -4.1 65.2 4.2
间氨基苯甲酸 1.2 46.4 15.3
苯佐卡因 -6.5 59.7 2.1
对氨基苯甲酸 2.2 59.0 17.2
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 -15.6 -61.3 -10.2
普鲁卡因 2.5 4.5 2.5
氯普鲁卡因 1.0 -2.4 5.2
普鲁卡因胺 -16.0 5.7 -9.1
利多卡因 0.6 -3.1 -18.8
辛可卡因 3.0 -4.7 -17.7
丁卡因 19.6 12.2 -18.1
布比卡因 0.6 -2.8 -15.7
丙胺卡因 0.6 -19.5 -15.7
罗哌卡因 0.2 -7.1 -15.7
), ArticleFig(id=1174369603175199035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Linear equations, correlation coefficients (r), LODs and LOQs of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 线性方程 相关系数(r) LODs/(µg/kg) LODs/(µg/kg)
MS-222 Y=1.45554e5X+15908.86615 0.99666 1.00 2.00
间氨基苯甲酸 Y=13819.35673X+9929.30213 0.99945 2.00 5.00
苯佐卡因 Y=1.46566e5X+28714.13329 0.99855 1.00 2.00
对氨基苯甲酸 Y=19246.49885X+10101.93498 0.99529 2.00 5.00
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 Y=6.71797e4X+9938.03743 0.99675 2.00 5.00
普鲁卡因 Y=1.03418e6X+18460.81645 0.99543 1.00 2.00
氯普鲁卡因 Y=1.14693e6X+1760.25513 0.99776 2.00 5.00
普鲁卡因胺 Y=1.54892e6X-5.34233e4 0.99925 0.50 1.50
利多卡因 Y=1.56556e6X+9.16507e5 0.99656 0.05 0.15
辛可卡因 Y=2.52834e6X+15498.27201 0.99795 0.05 0.15
丁卡因 Y=3.56729e5X+2.05890e5 0.99913 0.05 0.15
布比卡因 Y=2.42997e6X+3.38928e4 0.99868 0.05 0.15
丙胺卡因 Y=1.12275e6X+4.46100e4 0.99759 1.00 2.00
罗哌卡因 Y=2.36278e6X+4.81527e4 0.99989 0.05 0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1174369603267473725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的线性方程、相关系数(r)、LODs及LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 线性方程 相关系数(r) LODs/(µg/kg) LODs/(µg/kg)
MS-222 Y=1.45554e5X+15908.86615 0.99666 1.00 2.00
间氨基苯甲酸 Y=13819.35673X+9929.30213 0.99945 2.00 5.00
苯佐卡因 Y=1.46566e5X+28714.13329 0.99855 1.00 2.00
对氨基苯甲酸 Y=19246.49885X+10101.93498 0.99529 2.00 5.00
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 Y=6.71797e4X+9938.03743 0.99675 2.00 5.00
普鲁卡因 Y=1.03418e6X+18460.81645 0.99543 1.00 2.00
氯普鲁卡因 Y=1.14693e6X+1760.25513 0.99776 2.00 5.00
普鲁卡因胺 Y=1.54892e6X-5.34233e4 0.99925 0.50 1.50
利多卡因 Y=1.56556e6X+9.16507e5 0.99656 0.05 0.15
辛可卡因 Y=2.52834e6X+15498.27201 0.99795 0.05 0.15
丁卡因 Y=3.56729e5X+2.05890e5 0.99913 0.05 0.15
布比卡因 Y=2.42997e6X+3.38928e4 0.99868 0.05 0.15
丙胺卡因 Y=1.12275e6X+4.46100e4 0.99759 1.00 2.00
罗哌卡因 Y=2.36278e6X+4.81527e4 0.99989 0.05 0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1174369603426857279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Average recoveries and relative standard deviations of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 加标量/(µg/kg) 平均回收率/% 相对标准偏差/%
南美白
对虾
鲤鱼 多宝鱼 南美白
对虾
鲤鱼 多宝鱼
MS-222 1.00 80.1 79.1 87.5 9.7 8.8 9.1
2.00 82.3 76.9 92.5 7.3 4.9 11.7
10.00 99.1 94.7 102.4 4.0 4.1 6.5
间氨基苯甲酸 2.00 78.8 78.2 70.6 11.2 9.8 8.7
5.00 82.7 72.7 76.3 10.8 7.9 8.2
20.00 81.8 87.5 81.1 6.6 11.1 7.7
苯佐卡因 1.00 96.3 77.2 77.7 4.5 8.9 8.0
2.00 99.9 84.3 104.5 3.8 2.4 7.4
10.00 101.9 90.1 87.5 3.5 4.3 3.4
对氨基苯甲酸 2.00 80.4 71.2 79.1 9.4 11.5 13.5
5.00 73.4 74.5 75.0 8.9 10.4 14.2
20.00 71.3 79.1 87.6 3.1 9.4 4.3
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 2.00 80.4 71.3 74.1 10.7 8.4 13.7
5.00 87.9 79.8 75.9 9.5 9.4 7.9
20.00 92.0 84.2 85.3 4.1 9.5 3.3
普鲁卡因 1.00 92.8 103.2 97.3 4.1 3.0 5.5
2.00 94.2 102.8 95.5 2.6 3.9 4.3
10.00 101.4 101.2 95.8 2.3 0.6 3.5
氯普鲁卡因 2.00 86.0 89.8 92.8 3.0 5.8 5.0
5.00 76.8 92.0 90.5 1.9 3.1 2.8
20.00 102.8 101.5 86.0 1.3 2.5 0.8
普鲁卡因胺 0.50 83.8 83.1 80.8 5.7 8.9 7.7
1.50 76.8 87.7 78.6 3.8 2.9 3.5
5.00 75.2 100.1 87.9 2.7 2.0 3.5
利多卡因 0.05 87.6 75.6 78.2 0.7 3.3 3.6
0.15 93.1 85.3 77.1 1.0 3.2 3.1
0.50 96.7 90.1 75.8 0.7 2.4 3.7
辛可卡因 0.05 111.9 87.8 75.6 1.8 2.4 6.3
0.15 104.7 90.0 72.6 1.5 2.1 2.8
0.50 105.6 84.7 70.4 1.5 2.2 3.8
丁卡因 0.05 111.0 98.8 95.8 2.9 3.0 2.0
0.15 114.2 106.6 90.6 2.5 4.5 3.6
0.50 112.8 107.0 81.6 3.3 2.6 4.0
布比卡因 0.05 100.7 85.6 75.6 1.4 1.2 1.5
0.15 91.4 88.8 73.3 1.2 0.5 1.2
0.50 101.1 88.4 75.4 1.8 0.5 2.5
丙胺卡因 1.00 86.3 81.3 79.7 4.2 4.6 6.9
2.00 79.4 73.7 75.9 4.3 1.5 1.7
10.00 91.1 79.5 73.7 2.2 1.2 1.2
罗哌卡因 0.05 94.5 81.3 76.2 1.1 0.7 1.3
0.15 86.3 86.3 74.4 1.1 0.8 2.6
0.50 97.5 87.7 72.5 0.9 0.9 3.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369603665932609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986784124982196, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 加标量/(µg/kg) 平均回收率/% 相对标准偏差/%
南美白
对虾
鲤鱼 多宝鱼 南美白
对虾
鲤鱼 多宝鱼
MS-222 1.00 80.1 79.1 87.5 9.7 8.8 9.1
2.00 82.3 76.9 92.5 7.3 4.9 11.7
10.00 99.1 94.7 102.4 4.0 4.1 6.5
间氨基苯甲酸 2.00 78.8 78.2 70.6 11.2 9.8 8.7
5.00 82.7 72.7 76.3 10.8 7.9 8.2
20.00 81.8 87.5 81.1 6.6 11.1 7.7
苯佐卡因 1.00 96.3 77.2 77.7 4.5 8.9 8.0
2.00 99.9 84.3 104.5 3.8 2.4 7.4
10.00 101.9 90.1 87.5 3.5 4.3 3.4
对氨基苯甲酸 2.00 80.4 71.2 79.1 9.4 11.5 13.5
5.00 73.4 74.5 75.0 8.9 10.4 14.2
20.00 71.3 79.1 87.6 3.1 9.4 4.3
对乙酰氨基苯甲酸 2.00 80.4 71.3 74.1 10.7 8.4 13.7
5.00 87.9 79.8 75.9 9.5 9.4 7.9
20.00 92.0 84.2 85.3 4.1 9.5 3.3
普鲁卡因 1.00 92.8 103.2 97.3 4.1 3.0 5.5
2.00 94.2 102.8 95.5 2.6 3.9 4.3
10.00 101.4 101.2 95.8 2.3 0.6 3.5
氯普鲁卡因 2.00 86.0 89.8 92.8 3.0 5.8 5.0
5.00 76.8 92.0 90.5 1.9 3.1 2.8
20.00 102.8 101.5 86.0 1.3 2.5 0.8
普鲁卡因胺 0.50 83.8 83.1 80.8 5.7 8.9 7.7
1.50 76.8 87.7 78.6 3.8 2.9 3.5
5.00 75.2 100.1 87.9 2.7 2.0 3.5
利多卡因 0.05 87.6 75.6 78.2 0.7 3.3 3.6
0.15 93.1 85.3 77.1 1.0 3.2 3.1
0.50 96.7 90.1 75.8 0.7 2.4 3.7
辛可卡因 0.05 111.9 87.8 75.6 1.8 2.4 6.3
0.15 104.7 90.0 72.6 1.5 2.1 2.8
0.50 105.6 84.7 70.4 1.5 2.2 3.8
丁卡因 0.05 111.0 98.8 95.8 2.9 3.0 2.0
0.15 114.2 106.6 90.6 2.5 4.5 3.6
0.50 112.8 107.0 81.6 3.3 2.6 4.0
布比卡因 0.05 100.7 85.6 75.6 1.4 1.2 1.5
0.15 91.4 88.8 73.3 1.2 0.5 1.2
0.50 101.1 88.4 75.4 1.8 0.5 2.5
丙胺卡因 1.00 86.3 81.3 79.7 4.2 4.6 6.9
2.00 79.4 73.7 75.9 4.3 1.5 1.7
10.00 91.1 79.5 73.7 2.2 1.2 1.2
罗哌卡因 0.05 94.5 81.3 76.2 1.1 0.7 1.3
0.15 86.3 86.3 74.4 1.1 0.8 2.6
0.50 97.5 87.7 72.5 0.9 0.9 3.2
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QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量
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王秀丽 1, 2, * , 周宏霞 1, 2 , 张梅超 1, 2 , 丁世杰 1, 2 , 王妙 1, 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(1): 127-136
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(1): 127-136
QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量
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王秀丽1, 2, * , 周宏霞1, 2, 张梅超1, 2, 丁世杰1, 2, 王妙1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.威海市食品药品检验检测研究院, 威海 264200
  • 2.威海市食品药品质量评价与技术研究重点实验室, 威海 264200
  • 王秀丽(1987—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王秀丽(1987—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in aquatic products by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Xiu-Li WANG1, 2, * , Hong-Xia ZHOU1, 2, Mei-Chao ZHANG1, 2, Shi-Jie DING1, 2, Miao WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Weihai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Weihai 264200, China
  • 2. Weihai Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Quality Evaluation and Technical Research, Weihai 264200, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240807004
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目的 建立一种QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈提取, 无水MgSO4和 NaCl除水, 再经100 mg N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)进行净化, 后过0.22 µm有机微孔滤膜, 经液相色谱-串联质谱进行定性定量分析。结果 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在0.01~5.00 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数(r)为0.99529~0.99989, 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的方法检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为0.05~2.00 µg/kg, 方法定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ)为0.15~5.00 µg/kg。在南美白对虾、鲤鱼、多宝鱼3种基质中, 分别进行1倍LOQ、2~2.5倍LOQ和10倍LOQ 3个水平的加标试验, 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在3种添加水平中的回收率分别为71.3%~114.2%、71.2%~107.0%、70.4%~104.5%, 相对标准偏差分别为0.7%~11.2%、0.5%~11.5%以及0.8%~14.2%。利用该方法对市售的50批次不同品种的水产品进行检测, 结果表明在4批次产品中有卡因类麻醉剂检出, 其余46批产品未检出, 检出率8%; 检出的项目主要为三卡因、苯佐卡因、间氨基苯甲酸和对氨基苯甲酸, 含量在5.68~90.80 μg/kg, 其余10种化合物均未被检出。结论 该方法操作简单快捷, 具有较高的灵敏度、准确度和精密度, 且可同时测定水产品中的多种卡因类麻醉剂, 适用于批量样品的测定, 具有较高的实际应用意义, 可为食品安全监测提供有力的技术支持。

液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  卡因类麻醉剂  /  QuEChERS  /  水产品

Objective To Establish a method for simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in aquatic products by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods The samples were extracted by acetonitrile, dehydrated by anhydrous MgSO4 and NaCl, purified by 100 mg primary secondary amine (PSA), filtered by 0.22 µm organic microporous membrane, and qualitatively and quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The 11 kinds of caine anesthetes and their 3 kinds of metabolites showed a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 0.01-5.00 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients (r) were 0.99529-0.99989. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites were 0.05-2.00 µg/kg and 0.15-5.00 µg/kg, respectively. The 3 kinds of substrates, white shrimp, carp and turbinus were performed at 3 levels: 1 times LOQ, 2-2.5 times LOQ and 10 times LOQ. The recoveries of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in 3 samples were 71.3%-114.2%, 71.2%-107.0% and 70.4%-104.5%, and the relative standard deviations were 0.7%-11.2%, 0.5%-11.5% and 0.8%-14.2%. The method was used to detect 50 batches of different varieties of aquatic products in the market. The results showed that 4 batches of products were detected with caine anesthetic, and the other 46 batches were not detected, the detection rate was 8%. The detected items were mainly tricaine, benzocaine, m-aminobenzoic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid, the content of which were 5.68-90.80 μg/kg, and the other 10 kinds of compounds were not detected. Conclusions The method is simple and fast, has high sensitivity, accuracy and precision, and can simultaneously determine a variety of caine anesthetics in aquatic products. It is suitable for the determination of batch samples, and has high practical application significance, and can provide powerful technical support for food safety monitoring.

liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  caine anesthetic  /  QuEChERS  /  aquatic product
王秀丽, 周宏霞, 张梅超, 丁世杰, 王妙. QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 127 -136 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240807004
Xiu-Li WANG, Hong-Xia ZHOU, Mei-Chao ZHANG, Shi-Jie DING, Miao WANG. Simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of caine anesthetics and their 3 kinds of metabolites in aquatic products by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 127 -136 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240807004
水产品除含有丰富的人体所需微量元素外, 还含有低脂且优质的蛋白质, 因此水产品越来越受到广大消费者的喜爱。随着人们收入水平的提高, 人们对水产品的质量和新鲜程度也提出了更高的要求。为了满足不同地区人们对水产品的消费需求, 对水产品进行长途运输成了必不可少的途径, 在运输过程中不可避免的会造成水产品的伤亡, 从而带来经济损失, 这也促使人们越来越关注水产品的运输过程及其对水产品品质的影响[1-3]。针对此类问题, 一些商家发现使用一些速效、低成本的麻醉剂可降低水产品的新陈代谢, 降低其在应激过程中的应激反应, 从而减少运输过程中因缺氧或碰撞导致的死亡, 有效地提高了水产品的存活率, 避免了经济损失[4-6], 因此麻醉剂在水产品运输过程中的应用也越来越广泛。
对水产品有保鲜作用的麻醉剂种类很多, 卡因类麻醉剂因具有麻醉效果好、操作方便、可迅速麻醉和复苏等优点, 成为目前应用最为广泛的渔用麻醉剂。卡因类麻醉剂通过在不同程度上抑制动物中枢神经系统功能而达到麻醉的效果, 其主要包括间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐(MS-222, 又名三卡因)、苯佐卡因、普鲁卡因、利多卡因、辛可卡因、丁卡因、布比卡因、丙胺卡因、罗哌卡因等。其中, 以MS-222和苯佐卡因最为常用[7-9]。MS-222是美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准的唯一可用于食用鱼的麻醉剂, 其具有对水产品麻醉作用见效快, 麻醉时间短, 麻醉持续长, 复苏时间短, 安全性高等特点, 被鱼体吸收后可在一定时间内代谢为间氨基苯甲酸并排出体外[1]。苯佐卡因是三卡因(MS-222活性成分)的异构体, 作为渔用麻醉剂, 使用早于MS-222, 其在鱼体内的代谢物为对氨基苯甲酸和对乙酰氨基苯甲酸。
尽管卡因类麻醉剂被广泛使用, 但其安全性有待进一步确证, 因此在使用方面各国也持相对谨慎的态度, 规定使用过麻醉剂的水产品需要经过一定时间的休药期并且对限量值也有一定的要求。例如, 美国规定使用过MS-222麻醉的鱼在10 ℃以上暂养水中的休药期为21 d, 限量值应小于等于1 μg/kg; 加拿大规定休药期为5 d[10-12], 挪威也将苯佐卡因列入批准使用的麻醉剂之一[13]。相对比而言, 我国对于滥用麻醉剂的监管相对薄弱, GB 31650—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中兽药最大残留限量》规定允许用于食品动物, 但不需要制定残留限量的卡因类药物有利多卡因、普鲁卡因、丁卡因, 其中利多卡因适用的动物种类为马, 普鲁卡因、丁卡因适用的动物种类为所有动物食品。除以上3种卡因类麻醉剂外, 其他卡因类麻醉剂的限量标准尚无规定。目前我国卡因类麻醉剂的使用缺少相应的标准, 使用者多以经验确定使用量, 而且多数水产品在没有经过一定时间的休药期便上市, 麻醉剂在鱼体中的残留物进一步被人体摄入, 造成人体中药物蓄积。因此, 为保障消费者的健康研究适用于水产品中麻醉剂药物残留量的检测方法则尤为必要。
目前卡因类麻醉剂及其残留物的检测方法主要包括高效液相色谱法[14-16]、液相色谱-串联质谱法[17-20]、气相色谱-串联质谱法[21-22]、离子色谱法[23]等。其中高效液相色谱法准确度低、灵敏度低、抗干扰能力差, 气相色谱-串联质谱法样品前处理烦琐, 而液相色谱-串联质谱法相较于其他两种方法具有准确度高、灵敏度好、选择性高、检测时间短等特点, 可满足多组分检测的要求。因此, 本研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱法并结合QuEChERS前处理方法, 建立了一种同时测定水产品中MS-222及其代谢物间氨基苯甲酸、苯佐卡因及其代谢物对氨基苯甲酸和对乙酰氨基苯甲酸、普鲁卡因、氯普鲁卡因、普鲁卡因胺、利多卡因、辛可卡因、丁卡因、布比卡因、丙胺卡因、罗哌卡因等11种卡因麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量的分析方法, 并运用该方法对市场上采购的50批水产品进行了残留测定,可为水产品中卡因类麻醉剂的监管提供技术和数据双重支撑。
50批次虾、淡水鱼、海水鱼等水产品采购自当地水产市场。
LC-30 AT超高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); AB SCIEX QTRAP 6500三重四极杆-串联质谱仪(配有电喷雾离子源, electrospray ionization source, ESI源)(美国AB SCIEX公司); Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm, 美国沃特世公司); Milli-Q10超纯水机(美国密理博公司); SQP PRACTUM1102-1 CN电子分析天平(感量0.01 g)、G-16C高速冷冻离心机(德国赛多利斯公司); UMV-2多管涡旋混合器(烟台盈聚仪器仪表有限公司); KM-700DE超声波清洗器(昆山美美超声仪器有限公司)。
甲醇、乙腈、乙酸铵(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA, 天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司); NaCl、无水MgSO4(优级纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); MS-222 (CAS号: 886-86-2)、间氨基苯甲酸(CAS号: 99-05-8)、苯佐卡因(CAS号: 94-09-7)、对氨基苯甲酸(CAS号: 150-13- 0)、对乙酰氨基苯甲酸(CAS号: 556-08-1)、普鲁卡因(CAS号: 59-46-1)、氯普鲁卡因(CAS号: 3858- 89-7)、普鲁卡因胺(CAS号: 51-06-9)、利多卡因((CAS号: 137-58-6)、辛可卡因(CAS号: 85-79-0)、丁卡因(CAS号: 94-24- 6)、布比卡因(CAS号: 2180-92-9)、丙胺卡因(CAS号: 721-50-6)、罗哌卡因(CAS号: 84057-95-4)标准物质(质量浓度均为100 mg/L, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)。
称取2 g样品(精确至0.01 g), 置于50 mL离心管中, 加入10 mL乙腈、2 g无水MgSO4和1g NaCl, 充分涡旋混匀5 min, 再超声提取10 min, 8000 r/min下离心5 min。取上层乙腈提取液5 mL于另一离心管中, 加入100 mg PSA进行净化, 后涡旋振荡2 min, 8000 r/min下离心5 min。取部分上清液经0.22 µm有机微孔滤膜过滤后, 待上机分析。
准确移取上述11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物标准溶液500 μL, 于50 mL棕色容量瓶中, 用甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 配制成质量浓度为1 mg/L的混合标准贮备液, 于-20 ℃冰箱保存。
色谱柱: Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm); 流动相: A相为1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液, B相为甲醇溶液, 梯度条件见表1; 流速0.3 mL/min; 柱温40 ℃; 进样量2 µL。
离子源类型: ESI源; 扫描方式: 正离子扫描; 离子电喷雾电压: 正离子5500 V; 雾化气压力: 0.345 MPa; 辅助加热气压力: 0.345 MPa; 气帘气压力(curtaingas, CUR): 20 kPa; 离子源温度(temperature, TEM): 500 ℃; 定性离子对、定量离子对见表2
采用Analyst®软件采集原始数据, 采用MultiQuant 3.0.2软件对采集的原始数据进行分析和定量, 最后采用Microsoft Excel 2010软件对数据进行计算并制作图表。
配制11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的混合标准溶液, 采用电喷雾质谱蠕动泵直接进样, 选择正离子模式, 优化去簇电压获得母离子的最高响应; 然后扫描子离子, 通过优化碰撞能找出响应值较强的2个特征离子为定性离子, 并以响应值最强的那个为定量离子。后再进行多反应监测优化每个化合物母离子和子离子的质谱参数, 具体质谱参数见表2
以甲醇-1 mmol乙酸铵水溶液为流动相, 设置不同的梯度洗脱程序, 考察11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7 μm)、Kinetex EVO-C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 µm)、Hypersil™ ODS-2 C18柱(100 mm ×2.1 mm, 3 μm)、Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)上的分离效果。结果表明: Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱对三卡因(MS-222)和苯佐卡因、对氨基苯甲酸和间氨基苯甲酸两对同分异构体无法有效分离且普鲁卡因胺峰形较宽; Kinetex EVO-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 µm)色谱柱对乙酰氨基苯甲酸无法有效保留; Hypersil™ ODS-2 C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm)色谱柱上多数化合物的峰有分叉且分离效果不佳; Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)色谱柱各个化合物均能有效分离, 且峰形也均优于其他色谱柱。因此, 选择Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)色谱柱, 各化合物的定量离子色谱图如图1所示。
在流动相的选择中, 比较了11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在甲醇-水、甲醇-0.1%甲酸水、甲醇-1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液、乙腈-水、乙腈-1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液、乙腈-0.1%甲酸水中响应值以及分离度。结果表明: 采用乙腈作为有机相时对乙酰氨基苯甲酸无法有效保留; 采用甲醇-水作为流动相时, 各个化合物的响应值均低于甲醇-1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液, 且有拖尾、分叉现象; 采用甲醇-0.1%甲酸水作为流动相时, 丙胺卡因以及对乙酰氨基苯甲酸峰形较宽。因此, 选择甲醇-1 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相, 其总离子流图如图1所示。
卡因类麻醉剂根据其结构分为酰胺类和脂类[8], 其具有较强的极性, 根据相似相溶原理, 常用的提取溶剂主要有甲醇、乙腈以及乙酸乙酯等。禤开智等[16]在卡因类麻醉剂检测技术研究中报道使用乙酸乙酯的提取率只有40%~60%, 提取效果远不及甲醇及乙腈。在甲醇与乙腈作为提取溶剂的对比中, 王展华等[9]、李芹[24]在研究中报道相对于甲醇来说, 乙腈可以有效地沉淀蛋白质, 且乙腈对糖类和脂肪的溶解度低于甲醇, 因此多数研究者均采用乙腈为提取溶剂。当用纯乙腈作为提取溶剂时, 有可能会导致样品外部蛋白质快速变性, 产生包裹效应, 影响提取效果, 因此也有不少研究者例如吴少明等[25]、郭旭茜等[26]采用缓冲盐溶液作为提取溶剂, 但采用缓冲盐作为提取溶剂在样品净化时QuEChERS快速处理技术便不适用, 只能采取固相萃取方式进行, 使得前处理比较烦琐。
经综合考虑, 本研究选择虾空白样品进行10 μg/kg的加标试验, 主要探索乙腈以及不同体积比的乙腈-水(8:2, 6:4, V:V)或乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(8:2, 6:4, V:V)溶液作为提取溶剂对提取效果的影响, 在保证回收率的同时简化前处理方法。不同卡因类麻醉剂的回收率如图2所示, 结果表明当提取溶剂为乙腈时14种化合物的回收率在71.1%~112.6%之间; 当提取溶剂为乙腈-水(8:2, V:V)混合溶液时14种化合物的回收率在68.2%~125.6%之间; 当提取溶剂为乙腈-水(6:4, V:V)混合溶液时14种化合物的回收率除对乙酰氨基甲酸回收率为92.6%外, 其余13种化合物的回收率在37.0%~71.5%之间; 当提取溶剂为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(8:2, V:V)混合溶液时14种化合物的回收率在55.9%~107.4%之间; 当提取溶剂为乙腈-0.1甲酸水(6:4, V:V)混合溶液时14种化合物的回收率除对乙酰氨基苯甲酸、普鲁卡因、氯普鲁卡因的回收率超过80%外, 其余11种化合物的回收率在41.4%~76.4%之间。所有回收率的相对标准偏差小于10%。综上可以得出以下结论, 当提取溶剂为纯乙腈时对14种化合物的提取效果相对来说最好, 随着加入水或0.1%甲酸水溶液比例的增加, 提取效果下降明显。因此, 选用乙腈作为提取溶剂。
QuEChERS前处理法是利用吸附剂填料与基质中的杂质相互作用, 通过分散固相萃取去除杂质, 多用于农药残留分析检测中, 近年来也有不少学者将其用于兽药残留分析检测中[27]。常用的吸附剂有N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)、C18、石墨化碳黑(graphitized carbon black, GCB)。PSA是一种表面键合氨基的吸附剂, 有较强的的离子交换能力, 与金属离子有较强的螯合作用, 能够有效去除脂肪酸、糖类、金属离子等物质; C18主要用于吸附基质中的非极性化合物, 包括脂肪、蛋白质、挥发油和脂溶性物质等; GCB主要用于吸附大部分的色素[28]。由于卡因类麻醉剂主要用于动物基质, 因此本研究主要考察PSA、C18以及PSA+C18作为分散固相吸附剂的净化效果。选择虾空白样品进行10 μg/kg的加标试验, 分别考察 0、50、100、150、200 mg的PSA; 0、50、100、150、200 mg的C18以及50 mg PSA+50 mg C18、100 mg PSA+100 mg C18、150 mg PSA+150 mg C18的净化效果。经试验, 不同卡因类麻醉剂的回收率如图3所示, 结果表明: 当提取溶液中加入PSA时, 可以显著提高对乙酰氨基苯甲酸、普鲁卡因胺、丙胺卡因3种化合物的回收率, 且当添加量为100 mg时, 这3种化合物的平均回收率分别由0添加时的50.2%、53.8%、64.6%提高到85.2%、83.5%、79.3%, 其他11种化合物平均回收率的范围为77.9%~110.2%。当提取溶液中加入C18时, 间氨基苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸以及苯佐卡因的平均回收率范围为100.4%~159.3%, 而对乙酰氨基苯甲酸、普鲁卡因胺两种化合物的平均回收率范围为35.3%~69.2%, 以上5种化合物的平均回收率范围均不能满足70%~120%的要求。所有回收率的相对标准偏差小于10%。因此, 选用100 mg PSA作为净化剂。
基质效应(matrix effects, ME)是指样品中除了待测物以外的其他基质成分对待测物测定值的影响, 它源自色谱分离过程中与被测物共流出的物质对被测物离子化过程的影响[29]。因此, 在检测兽药残留时应评估不同品种的样品产生的基质效应强弱, 以便保证检测结果的准确性。一般采用相同浓度的基质标准工作液(A)与溶剂标准工作液(B)的峰面积的相对比值来评价ME[30]。当ME>100%时, 具有基质增强作用; 当ME<100%时具有基质抑制作用。若|ME-1|≤20%, 则认为该基质有较弱的ME; 若20%<|ME-1|≤50%, 则认为该基质有中等强度的ME; 若|ME-1|>50%, 则认为有较强的ME。
本研究以较常见的虾(以南美白对虾为代表)、淡水鱼(以鲤鱼为代表)、海水鱼(以多宝鱼为代表)3种基质在10 μg/kg添加浓度下按照1.2.1前处理方法进行前处理后对基质效应进行了考察, 结果见表3。结果表明: 南美白对虾对14种化合物均具有较弱的ME, 其中对MS-222、苯佐卡因、对乙酰氨基苯甲酸、普鲁卡因胺4种化合物表现出较弱的基质抑制效应, 对其余10种化合物表现出较弱的基质增强效应; 鲤鱼对MS-222、间氨基苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯佐卡因表现出较强的基质增强效应, 对对乙酰氨基苯甲酸表现出较强的基质抑制效应, 对其余9种化合物表现出较弱的基质增强或抑制效应; 多宝鱼对14种化合物均具有较弱的基质效应, 其中对MS-222、间氨基苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸、苯佐卡因、氯普鲁卡因、普鲁卡因表现出较弱的基质增强效应, 对其余8种化合物表现出较弱的基质抑制效应。因此, 在实际测定淡水鱼样本时, 为减少ME的影响, 应采用基质匹配的标准溶液进行后续实验, 其余样本可采用乙腈作为有机相配制的标准溶液进行实验。
结合上述ME分析, 选取鲤鱼为代表样品, 采用1.2.1前处理方法进行前处理, 用空白样品基质提取液, 配制质量浓度为0.01、0.02、0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00、2.00、5.00 μg/L的系列混合标准溶液。以各目标物的质量浓度(X)为横坐标, 以定量离子的峰面积(Y)为纵坐标, 绘制基质标准曲线, 得各目标物的线性回归方程和相关系数(r)。结果表明: 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在0.01~5.00 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数(r)为0.99529~0.99989。分别以3倍和10倍信噪比(S/N), 结合前处理方法, 分别计算各待测物的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)和定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ), 11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的LOD为0.05~2.00 µg/kg, LOQ为0.15~5.00 µg/kg, 结果表明该方法的LOD和LOQ足以满足日常检测需求, 具体结果见表4
分别选取虾(以南美白对虾为代表)、淡水鱼(以鲤鱼为代表)、海水鱼(以多宝鱼为代表)3种基质, 进行1倍LOQ、2~2.5倍LOQ和10倍LOQ 3水平的加标回收试验, 每个加标水平做6个平行试验, 考察方法的回收率和相对标准偏差, 具体结果见表5。11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物在3种水产品中3个加标水平的平均回收率分别为71.3%~114.2%、71.2%~107.0%、70.4%~104.5%, 相对标准偏差分别为0.7%~11.2%、0.5%~11.5%以及0.8%~14.2%, 该结果表明11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物的平均回收率和相对标准偏差均满足相应的检测要求。
采用本研究建立的方法, 对市售的50批次不同品种的水产品进行检测, 主要包括虾(南美对白虾、爬虾)、淡水鱼(鲤鱼、鲢鱼、鲫鱼、黄颡鱼)、海水鱼(鸦片鱼、黄花鱼、大菱鲆、多宝鱼)等。检测结果表明: 黄颡鱼、鲤鱼、花鲢鱼、白鲢鱼4批次产品中有卡因类麻醉剂检出, 其余46批产品未检出, 检出率8%, 检出产品主要集中在淡水鱼上。其中黄颡鱼检出项目主要为MS-222、苯佐卡因, 鲤鱼检出项目为MS-222、苯佐卡因、对氨基苯甲酸、间氨基苯甲酸, 花鲢鱼检出项目为MS-222、苯佐卡因、对氨基苯甲酸、间氨基苯甲酸, 白鲢鱼检出项目为MS-222、苯佐卡因, 检测值在5.68~90.80 μg/kg之间。由此可见, 水产品中尤其淡水鱼产品中卡因类麻醉剂及其代谢物的监测以及监管应引起相关的重视。
本研究采用乙腈提取, QuEChERS前处理方法进行净化, 最后采用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行定性定量测定, 建立了一种同时测定水产品中11种卡因类麻醉剂及其3种代谢物残留量分析的方法。方法学验证表明所建立方法在一定质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系、具有较低的LOD和LOQ、较高的准确度和精密度, 并且在ME探究中发现虾(以南美对白虾为代表)和海水鱼(以多宝鱼为代表)的ME较弱, 淡水鱼(以鲤鱼为代表)的ME较强, 在定量检测时可根据样品类型确定是否采用基质标准溶液来进行定量。该方法在实际样品检测中也得到了很好地验证, 并发现了阳性样品。综上所述, 该方法快速、高效、准确且简便, 可以满足水产品中多种卡因类化合物及其代谢物检测的需求。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240807004
  • 接收时间:2024-08-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-07
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    1.威海市食品药品检验检测研究院, 威海 264200
    2.威海市食品药品质量评价与技术研究重点实验室, 威海 264200

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王秀丽(1987—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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