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Article(id=1153986783651025838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727539200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061489260, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061489260, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061489260, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061489260, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=158, endPage=169, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986784225645495, articleId=1153986783651025838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus from food animals in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023, columnId=1153986783114154916, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Detection and Prevention of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in food animal in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2022 to 2023. Methods In the past two years, 690 swab samples from 40 livestock and poultry farms were randomly collected, and Escherichia coli and Enterococci were separated using selective culture medium. They were then identified by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics against these two bacteria was determined using broth microdilution method. Results In 2022, the highest antimicrobial resistance rate of Escherichia coli isolated from swab samples to tetracycline was 87.2%, with sulfamethoxazole following at 81.1%. One strain was resistant to meropenem and 5 strains were resistant to colistin. In 2023, the antimicrobial resistance rates of Escherichia coli isolated from swab samples to spectinomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, and ofloxacin were all lower than those in 2022, and the antimicrobial resistance rates to meropenem and colistin were both 0%. The resistance rates of Enterococci isolated from swab samples to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole, and tiamulin were all lower in 2023 than in 2022, while the resistance rates to penicillin, tetracycline, and linezolid were higher. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected in either year. From the analysis of the antimicrobial resistance rates, MIC distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli and Enterococci over the two years, it could be concluded that both bacteria demonstrated decreased resistance to most antibiotics, with Escherichia coli showing a more significant reduction. Conclusion In 2023, the overall resistance level of Escherichia coli and enterococci of food-animal origin in the Quzhou Area has declined significantly compared to 2022. However, multi-drug resistance still exists and the spectrum of resistance is rather broad, posing a threat to food safety and human health.

, correspAuthors=Fei XIA, Biao TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue-Hua GAO, Yue YANG, Yu SONG, Yu-Han SUN, Jiang CHANG, Fei XIA, Biao TANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986817721356313, articleId=1153986783651025838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2022—2023年衢州市食品动物源大肠杆菌及肠球菌耐药性比较分析, columnId=1153986783244178342, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题：食源性病原微生物检测与防控, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解2022—2023年浙江省衢州市食品动物源细菌耐药性情况。方法 两年间在40个畜禽养殖场随机采集畜禽肛拭子690份, 使用选择性培养基分离大肠杆菌和肠球菌, 通过聚合酶链式反应和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对其进行鉴定, 并使用微量肉汤稀释法检测不同抗生素对这2种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)。结果 2022年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对四环素(87.2%)的耐药率最高, 其次为磺胺异噁唑(81.1%), 且检测出1株美罗培南和5株黏菌素耐药菌株。2023年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对大观霉素、氟苯尼考、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星耐药率较2022年均下降, 且对美罗培南和黏菌素的耐药率均为0%。2023年从样品中分离的肠球菌对红霉素、克林霉素、氧氟沙星、头孢西丁、磺胺异噁唑、泰妙霉素的耐药率较2022年下降, 而对青霉素、四环素、利奈唑胺较2022年上升。两年均未检测出万古霉素耐药菌株。从两年间分离的两种菌的耐药率、MIC分布和耐药谱分析来看, 大肠杆菌和肠球菌对多数抗生素的耐药性下降, 大肠杆菌下降更明显。结论 衢州地区2023年食品动物源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的整体耐药水平相较2022年明显下降, 但仍存在多重耐药现象, 且耐药谱较广, 威胁食品安全和人类健康。因此, 持续监测动物食品中细菌耐药性动态变化至关重要。

, correspAuthors=夏飞, 唐标, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*夏飞(1987—), 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:
唐标(1987—), 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:
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高悦华(1999—), 硕士, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:

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高悦华(1999—), 硕士, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:

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高悦华(1999—), 硕士, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:

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Advances in Microbial Physiology, 2022, 81: 25-65., articleTitle=Antimicrobial tolerance and its role in the development of resistance: Lessons from enterococci, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369844561592874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=19, pageStart=7572, pageEnd=7577, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=33, authorNames=孙淑玥, 王珊珊, 崔生辉, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙淑玥, 王珊珊, 崔生辉, 等. 食品来源粪肠球菌的全基因组分析[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2021, 12(19): 7572-7577., articleTitle=食品来源粪肠球菌的全基因组分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369844620313131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=19, pageStart=7572, pageEnd=7577, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=34, authorNames=SUN SY, WANG SS, CUI SH, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN SY, WANG SS, CUI SH, et al. The whole genome analysis of Enterococcus faecium from food sources[J]. 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注: M. 分子量标准DNA Maker (DL 2000); +. 阳性对照; -. 阴性对照。

, figureFileSmall=XA7xPU5i2LZfq+VoKg0NEQ==, figureFileBig=Pou58HrfEpnef3BKnlfrFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839016722929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of antimicrobial resistance rates of Escherichia coli in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023, figureFileSmall=OpCmKgn+jQbXYxiY1wObpg==, figureFileBig=aAXdaZKuz1aGRNm/jAJYUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839163523570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2022—2023年衢州市大肠杆菌的耐药率比较, figureFileSmall=OpCmKgn+jQbXYxiY1wObpg==, figureFileBig=aAXdaZKuz1aGRNm/jAJYUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839335490035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=MIC distribution of Escherichia coli to 16 kinds of antimicrobials in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023, figureFileSmall=y9/mYPPvpYnmEpHGmFQ/EQ==, figureFileBig=u26yn/8oacTahUwzpY1EqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839419376116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2022—2023年衢州市16种抗生素对大肠杆菌的MIC分布, figureFileSmall=y9/mYPPvpYnmEpHGmFQ/EQ==, figureFileBig=u26yn/8oacTahUwzpY1EqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839515845109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of antimicrobial resistance rates of Enterococcus in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023, figureFileSmall=A1M90ZgGKCY4McjV1630/A==, figureFileBig=3Yv0bOYqIYeP0+0NmKAwKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839629091318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2022—2023年衢州市肠球菌的耐药率比较, figureFileSmall=A1M90ZgGKCY4McjV1630/A==, figureFileBig=3Yv0bOYqIYeP0+0NmKAwKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839725560311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=MIC distribution of Enterococcus to 18 kinds of antimicrobials in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023, figureFileSmall=YQE5GNXg4XDJ2FSDII87Gw==, figureFileBig=wsIsCvol9DvcSmxsI0kczQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839788474872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2022—2023年衢州市18种抗生素对肠球菌的MIC分布, figureFileSmall=YQE5GNXg4XDJ2FSDII87Gw==, figureFileBig=wsIsCvol9DvcSmxsI0kczQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369839843000825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Isolation status of Enterococcus and Escherichia coli in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分离
年份		 养殖场 畜禽
类别		 拭子
个数		 肠球菌
分离数		 肠球菌
药敏数		 大肠杆菌
分离数		 大肠杆菌
药敏数
2022 A1 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A2 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A3 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A4 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A5 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A6 鸭 15 15 10 15 10
A7 蛋鸡 25 25 20 25 20
A8 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A9 肉鸡 25 25 20 25 20
A10 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A11 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A12 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A13 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A14 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A15 鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A16 蛋鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A17 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A18 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A19 鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A20 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A21 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A22 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A23 猪 20 20 10 20 10
A24 猪 20 20 10 20 10
A25 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A26 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A27 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A28 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A29 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A30 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A31 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A32 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A33 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A34 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
2023 B1 猪 25 20 20 25 20
B2 猪 25 25 20 25 20
B3 猪 25 25 20 25 20
B4 蛋鸡 25 25 20 22 20
B5 猪 25 25 20 24 20
B6 蛋鸡 25 23 20 24 20
合计 690 683 480 685 480
), ArticleFig(id=1174369839918498298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

衢州市2022—2023年肠球菌及大肠杆菌分离情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分离
年份		 养殖场 畜禽
类别		 拭子
个数		 肠球菌
分离数		 肠球菌
药敏数		 大肠杆菌
分离数		 大肠杆菌
药敏数
2022 A1 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A2 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A3 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A4 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A5 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A6 鸭 15 15 10 15 10
A7 蛋鸡 25 25 20 25 20
A8 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A9 肉鸡 25 25 20 25 20
A10 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A11 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A12 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A13 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A14 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A15 鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A16 蛋鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A17 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A18 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A19 鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A20 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A21 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A22 猪 15 15 10 15 10
A23 猪 20 20 10 20 10
A24 猪 20 20 10 20 10
A25 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A26 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A27 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A28 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A29 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A30 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A31 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A32 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A33 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
A34 肉鸡 15 15 10 15 10
2023 B1 猪 25 20 20 25 20
B2 猪 25 25 20 25 20
B3 猪 25 25 20 25 20
B4 蛋鸡 25 25 20 22 20
B5 猪 25 25 20 24 20
B6 蛋鸡 25 23 20 24 20
合计 690 683 480 685 480
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840128213499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

PCR primers for identifying Escherichia coli and Enterococcus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物
名称		 引物序列 退火温度/℃ 扩增
长度/bp
EC-F CCAGGCAAAGAGTTTATGTTGA 55 212
EC-R GCTATTTCCTGCCGATAAGAGA
CQ-F TCAACCGGGGAGGGTCATT 55 658
CQ-R ATTACTGCGATTCCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840254042620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鉴定大肠杆菌和肠球菌的PCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物
名称		 引物序列 退火温度/℃ 扩增
长度/bp
EC-F CCAGGCAAAGAGTTTATGTTGA 55 212
EC-R GCTATTTCCTGCCGATAAGAGA
CQ-F TCAACCGGGGAGGGTCATT 55 658
CQ-R ATTACTGCGATTCCGG
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840426009085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli in Quzhou City in 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 73 20.3
SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 19 5.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 17 4.7
- 15 4.2
AMP-TET-FFC-SF 15 4.2
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 13 3.6
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 12 3.3
TET 12 3.3
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 10 2.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 9 2.5
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 9 2.5
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 8 2.2
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SXT 8 2.2
SPT-TET-SF-SXT 7 1.9
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR 6 1.7
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 6 1.7
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ 5 1.4
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC 5 1.4
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 4 1.1
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ 4 1.1
AMP-GEM-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 4 1.1
GEM 4 1.1
TET-FFC-SF-SXT 4 1.1
TET-SF 4 1.1
AMP 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-
ENR-OFL		 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL-CL 3 0.8
AMP-SPT-FFC-SF 3 0.8
SF 3 0.8
SPT-TET 3 0.8
TET-SF-SXT 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-TET-FFC-SF 2 0.6
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-
ENR-OFL		 2 0.6
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-SPT-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 2 0.6
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CAZ 2 0.6
AMP-TET-SF-SXT 2 0.6
TET-SXT 2 0.6
A/C 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-FFC-SF-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-
ENR		 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CL 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-ENR-
OFL-MEM		 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-TET-SF 1 0.3
AMP-FFC 1 0.3
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF--ENR 1 0.3
AMP-GEM-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SF 1 0.3
AMP-SF-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-FFC-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-SF-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-ENR 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-TET-FFC-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-TET-SF 1 0.3
AMP-TET-SF-CEF 1 0.3
FFC 1 0.3
FFC-SF 1 0.3
SPT 1 0.3
SPT-SXT 1 0.3
SPT-TET-SF-SXT-OFL-CL 1 0.3
TET-SF-CAZ 1 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840535060990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

衢州市2022年大肠杆菌的耐药谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 73 20.3
SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 19 5.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 17 4.7
- 15 4.2
AMP-TET-FFC-SF 15 4.2
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 13 3.6
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 12 3.3
TET 12 3.3
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 10 2.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 9 2.5
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 9 2.5
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 8 2.2
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SXT 8 2.2
SPT-TET-SF-SXT 7 1.9
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR 6 1.7
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 6 1.7
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ 5 1.4
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC 5 1.4
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 4 1.1
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ 4 1.1
AMP-GEM-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 4 1.1
GEM 4 1.1
TET-FFC-SF-SXT 4 1.1
TET-SF 4 1.1
AMP 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-
ENR-OFL		 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL-CL 3 0.8
AMP-SPT-FFC-SF 3 0.8
SF 3 0.8
SPT-TET 3 0.8
TET-SF-SXT 3 0.8
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-A/C-TET-FFC-SF 2 0.6
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-
ENR-OFL		 2 0.6
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-SPT-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 2 0.6
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 2 0.6
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CAZ 2 0.6
AMP-TET-SF-SXT 2 0.6
TET-SXT 2 0.6
A/C 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-FFC-SF-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-
ENR		 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CL 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-ENR-
OFL-MEM		 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR 1 0.3
AMP-A/C-TET-SF 1 0.3
AMP-FFC 1 0.3
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF--ENR 1 0.3
AMP-GEM-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SF 1 0.3
AMP-SF-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-FFC-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-SF-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-SF-SXT-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-ENR 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF-CAZ-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-CEF 1 0.3
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-SXT-ENR-OFL 1 0.3
AMP-TET-FFC-SXT 1 0.3
AMP-TET-SF 1 0.3
AMP-TET-SF-CEF 1 0.3
FFC 1 0.3
FFC-SF 1 0.3
SPT 1 0.3
SPT-SXT 1 0.3
SPT-TET-SF-SXT-OFL-CL 1 0.3
TET-SF-CAZ 1 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840627335679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli in Quzhou City in 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 18 15.0
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-OFL 16 13.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-OFL 11 9.2
SF-OFL 6 5.0
AMP-TET-SF-OFL 5 4.2
TET 4 3.3
TET-SF-OFL 4 3.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-ENR-OFL 3 2.5
SF 3 2.5
TET-FFC-SF 3 2.5
- 2 1.7
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-
CAZ-ENR-OFL		 2 1.7
AMP-SF-OFL 2 1.7
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-
ENR-OFL		 2 1.7
AMP-SPT-TET-SF-OFL 2 1.7
AMP-TET-FFC-SF 2 1.7
TET-FFC-OFL 2 1.7
TET-FFC-SF-OFL 2 1.7
TET-SF 2 1.7
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 1 0.8
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-SF-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-GEM-TET-SF-CEF-CAZ-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-SF-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CAZ-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-ENR 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-SF-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-SF 1 0.8
AMP-TET-SF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
GEM-SPT-TET-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
GEM-TET-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
SPT-SF 1 0.8
SPT-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
SPT-SF-OFL 1 0.8
SPT-TET-FFC 1 0.8
SPT-TET-SF-OFL 1 0.8
TET-FFC 1 0.8
TET-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840736387584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

衢州市2023年大肠杆菌的耐药谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 18 15.0
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-OFL 16 13.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-OFL 11 9.2
SF-OFL 6 5.0
AMP-TET-SF-OFL 5 4.2
TET 4 3.3
TET-SF-OFL 4 3.3
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-ENR-OFL 3 2.5
SF 3 2.5
TET-FFC-SF 3 2.5
- 2 1.7
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-
CAZ-ENR-OFL		 2 1.7
AMP-SF-OFL 2 1.7
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-
ENR-OFL		 2 1.7
AMP-SPT-TET-SF-OFL 2 1.7
AMP-TET-FFC-SF 2 1.7
TET-FFC-OFL 2 1.7
TET-FFC-SF-OFL 2 1.7
TET-SF 2 1.7
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF 1 0.8
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-SF-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-GEM-TET-SF-CEF-CAZ-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-SF-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CAZ-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-ENR 1 0.8
AMP-SPT-TET-SF-CEF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ 1 0.8
AMP-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-OFL 1 0.8
AMP-TET-SF 1 0.8
AMP-TET-SF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
GEM-SPT-TET-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
GEM-TET-CEF-CAZ-OFL 1 0.8
SPT-SF 1 0.8
SPT-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
SPT-SF-OFL 1 0.8
SPT-TET-FFC 1 0.8
SPT-TET-SF-OFL 1 0.8
TET-FFC 1 0.8
TET-SF-ENR-OFL 1 0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840816079361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus in Quzhou City in 2022

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
ERY-SF-TIA-TIL 81 22.5
ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 51 14.2
ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 31 8.6
SF-TIA 27 7.5
ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 25 6.9
ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 22 6.1
ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 20 5.6
ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 17 4.7
SF-TIA-TIL 11 3.1
ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 9 2.5
PEN-ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 9 2.5
ERY-TIA-TIL 5 1.4
PEN-ERY-SF-TIA-TIL 4 1.1
- 3 0.8
ERY-SF-TIL 3 0.8
PEN-ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 3 0.8
PEN-ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 3 0.8
SF 3 0.8
A/C-ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 2 0.6
ERY-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
ERY-SF-TIA 2 0.6
ERY-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
ERY-TIL 2 0.6
PEN-ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
ENR-SF-TIA 1 0.3
ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
ENR-SF-DOX-TIA-LZD 1 0.3
ERY-ENR-SF-FFC-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
ERY-ENR-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
ERY-SF-DOX-TIA 1 0.3
ERY-SF-DOX-TIL 1 0.3
ERY-SF-FFC-TIA-TIL-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-A/C-ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 1 0.3
PEN-A/C-ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-ENR-SF-TIA 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-ENR-SF 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-SF-TIL 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-TIA-TIL-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
SF-DOX-TIA 1 0.3
TIA-TIL 1 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1174369840920936962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

衢州市2022年肠球菌的耐药谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
ERY-SF-TIA-TIL 81 22.5
ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 51 14.2
ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 31 8.6
SF-TIA 27 7.5
ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 25 6.9
ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 22 6.1
ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 20 5.6
ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 17 4.7
SF-TIA-TIL 11 3.1
ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 9 2.5
PEN-ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 9 2.5
ERY-TIA-TIL 5 1.4
PEN-ERY-SF-TIA-TIL 4 1.1
- 3 0.8
ERY-SF-TIL 3 0.8
PEN-ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 3 0.8
PEN-ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 3 0.8
SF 3 0.8
A/C-ERY-ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 2 0.6
ERY-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
ERY-SF-TIA 2 0.6
ERY-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
ERY-TIL 2 0.6
PEN-ERY-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 2 0.6
ENR-SF-TIA 1 0.3
ENR-SF-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
ENR-SF-DOX-TIA-LZD 1 0.3
ERY-ENR-SF-FFC-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
ERY-ENR-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
ERY-SF-DOX-TIA 1 0.3
ERY-SF-DOX-TIL 1 0.3
ERY-SF-FFC-TIA-TIL-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-A/C-ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 1 0.3
PEN-A/C-ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-ENR-SF-TIA 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-ENR-SF 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-SF-TIL 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
PEN-ERY-TIA-TIL-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-LZD 1 0.3
PEN-SF-DOX-TIA-TIL 1 0.3
SF-DOX-TIA 1 0.3
TIA-TIL 1 0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1174369841063543299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986783651025838, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus in Quzhou City in 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-TIA-TIL 8 6.7
- 7 5.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 5 4.2
A/C-ERY-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-
FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
PEN-ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
PEN-ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-
OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TIA-TIL 3 2.5
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN		 3 2.5
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN		 3 2.5
PEN-A/C-ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 3 2.5
PEN-ERY-CLI-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL		 3 2.5
A/C-ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-TIA-
TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-TET-YIL 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-
SXT-TET-TIA-TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-
TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-
FFC-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
PEN-ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-
OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
PEN-ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
PEN-ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
CFX-OXA-SXT 1 0.8
CFX-SXT-GEN 1 0.8
CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-TIA-LZD 1 0.8
CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TIA-GEN 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-
FFC-TIA-TIL		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-FFC-
TIA-TIL-LZD-SXT		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
TET-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TIL 1 0.8
OFL-SXT-GEN 1 0.8
OFL-SXT-TIA-GEN 1 0.8
PEN-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TIA 1 0.8
PEN-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-
TIA-TIL-GEN		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-TET-
FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-
SXT-TET-TIA-TIL-GEN		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-FFC-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
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衢州市2023年肠球菌的耐药谱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耐药谱 个数 百分比/%
CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-TIA-TIL 8 6.7
- 7 5.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 5 4.2
A/C-ERY-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 4 3.3
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-
FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
PEN-ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
PEN-ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-
OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 4 3.3
CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TIA-TIL 3 2.5
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN		 3 2.5
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN		 3 2.5
PEN-A/C-ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 3 2.5
PEN-ERY-CLI-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL		 3 2.5
A/C-ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-TIA-
TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-TET-YIL 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-
SXT-TET-TIA-TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-
TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-
FFC-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
PEN-ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-
OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN		 2 1.7
PEN-ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 2 1.7
PEN-ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-
SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-LZD		 2 1.7
CFX-OXA-SXT 1 0.8
CFX-SXT-GEN 1 0.8
CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-TIA-LZD 1 0.8
CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TIA-GEN 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-
FFC-TIA-TIL		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-TET-FFC-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-FFC-
TIA-TIL-LZD-SXT		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
TET-FFC-TIA-TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-
TET-TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-TET-FFC-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
ERY-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TET-
TIA-TIL-GEN-LZD		 1 0.8
OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TIL 1 0.8
OFL-SXT-GEN 1 0.8
OFL-SXT-TIA-GEN 1 0.8
PEN-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-TIA 1 0.8
PEN-CLI-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-SXT-
TIA-TIL-GEN		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-CEF-CFX-OXA-TET-
FFC-TIA-TIL-GEN		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-OXA-
SXT-TET-TIA-TIL-GEN		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-FFC-TIA-
TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
PEN-ERY-CLI-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-
TIA-TIL-LZD		 1 0.8
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2022—2023年衢州市食品动物源大肠杆菌及肠球菌耐药性比较分析
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高悦华 1 , 杨月 2 , 宋宇 2 , 孙羽瀚 2 , 常江 2 , 夏飞 1, 3, * , 唐标 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题：食源性病原微生物检测与防控 2025,16(1): 158-169
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题：食源性病原微生物检测与防控 2025, 16(1): 158-169
2022—2023年衢州市食品动物源大肠杆菌及肠球菌耐药性比较分析
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高悦华1 , 杨月2, 宋宇2, 孙羽瀚2, 常江2, 夏飞1, 3, * , 唐标2, *
作者信息
  • 1.陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院(生物与医药学院), 西安 710021
  • 2.国科大杭州高等研究院 生命与健康科学学院, 杭州 310024
  • 3.陕西农产品加工技术研究院, 西安 710021

    • 高悦华(1999—), 硕士, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*夏飞(1987—), 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:
唐标(1987—), 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:
Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus from food animals in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023
Yue-Hua GAO1 , Yue YANG2, Yu SONG2, Yu-Han SUN2, Jiang CHANG2, Fei XIA1, 3, * , Biao TANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
  • 2. College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
  • 3. Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929007
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摘要
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目的 了解2022—2023年浙江省衢州市食品动物源细菌耐药性情况。方法 两年间在40个畜禽养殖场随机采集畜禽肛拭子690份, 使用选择性培养基分离大肠杆菌和肠球菌, 通过聚合酶链式反应和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对其进行鉴定, 并使用微量肉汤稀释法检测不同抗生素对这2种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)。结果 2022年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对四环素(87.2%)的耐药率最高, 其次为磺胺异噁唑(81.1%), 且检测出1株美罗培南和5株黏菌素耐药菌株。2023年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对大观霉素、氟苯尼考、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑、头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星耐药率较2022年均下降, 且对美罗培南和黏菌素的耐药率均为0%。2023年从样品中分离的肠球菌对红霉素、克林霉素、氧氟沙星、头孢西丁、磺胺异噁唑、泰妙霉素的耐药率较2022年下降, 而对青霉素、四环素、利奈唑胺较2022年上升。两年均未检测出万古霉素耐药菌株。从两年间分离的两种菌的耐药率、MIC分布和耐药谱分析来看, 大肠杆菌和肠球菌对多数抗生素的耐药性下降, 大肠杆菌下降更明显。结论 衢州地区2023年食品动物源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的整体耐药水平相较2022年明显下降, 但仍存在多重耐药现象, 且耐药谱较广, 威胁食品安全和人类健康。因此, 持续监测动物食品中细菌耐药性动态变化至关重要。

食品动物源  /  大肠杆菌  /  肠球菌  /  耐药性  /  衢州市

Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in food animal in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2022 to 2023. Methods In the past two years, 690 swab samples from 40 livestock and poultry farms were randomly collected, and Escherichia coli and Enterococci were separated using selective culture medium. They were then identified by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different antibiotics against these two bacteria was determined using broth microdilution method. Results In 2022, the highest antimicrobial resistance rate of Escherichia coli isolated from swab samples to tetracycline was 87.2%, with sulfamethoxazole following at 81.1%. One strain was resistant to meropenem and 5 strains were resistant to colistin. In 2023, the antimicrobial resistance rates of Escherichia coli isolated from swab samples to spectinomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, and ofloxacin were all lower than those in 2022, and the antimicrobial resistance rates to meropenem and colistin were both 0%. The resistance rates of Enterococci isolated from swab samples to erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole, and tiamulin were all lower in 2023 than in 2022, while the resistance rates to penicillin, tetracycline, and linezolid were higher. No vancomycin-resistant enterococci were detected in either year. From the analysis of the antimicrobial resistance rates, MIC distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli and Enterococci over the two years, it could be concluded that both bacteria demonstrated decreased resistance to most antibiotics, with Escherichia coli showing a more significant reduction. Conclusion In 2023, the overall resistance level of Escherichia coli and enterococci of food-animal origin in the Quzhou Area has declined significantly compared to 2022. However, multi-drug resistance still exists and the spectrum of resistance is rather broad, posing a threat to food safety and human health.

food animal  /  Escherichia coli  /  Enterococcus  /  antimicrobial resistance  /  Quzhou City
高悦华, 杨月, 宋宇, 孙羽瀚, 常江, 夏飞, 唐标. 2022—2023年衢州市食品动物源大肠杆菌及肠球菌耐药性比较分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 158 -169 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929007
Yue-Hua GAO, Yue YANG, Yu SONG, Yu-Han SUN, Jiang CHANG, Fei XIA, Biao TANG. Comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus from food animals in Quzhou City from 2022 to 2023[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 158 -169 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929007
正文
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0 引言
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畜禽是主要的食品动物来源, 而抗生素长期作为促生长药物及疾病防控药物被广泛用于畜禽养殖中[1-2]。尽管在一定程度上促进了畜禽养殖业的发展, 但残留于畜禽动物肠道及养殖环境中的抗生素对动物源细菌构成了强大的选择压力, 导致动物源细菌的耐药谱不断扩大, 对常见抗生素药物的耐药率不断升高[3-5]。此外, 动物源细菌是耐药基因和可移动遗传元件的重要储存库, 它们可以通过畜禽养殖、屠宰、加工、销售等环节发生广泛的传播转移, 造成食品污染, 严重威胁公共卫生安全[6-9]。对食源性细菌耐药性进行长期持续的监测是防控细菌耐药性发展的有效措施。尽管我国已开展动物源细菌耐药性监测, 但目前仅在省级层面从个别养殖场采集了代表性菌株。农业农村部动物源细菌耐药性监测网, 由中国兽医药品监测所牵头, 联合了国内10余家成员单位, 针对大陆除了西藏自治区的所有省份进行了动物源细菌耐药性监测。该网以省为单位, 统计了代表性养殖场的细菌耐药性数据。但是, 聚焦地级市水平的食品动物源细菌耐药性研究较少, 尤其对同一地区进行规模化的连续监测研究匮乏。
食品动物经过屠宰、储存、运输、销售等环节, 下游的动物性食品极易受到细菌的污染, 给相关从业者和消费者带来传播威胁。大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和肠球菌(Enterococcus spp.)分别是革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的耐药性监测的指示菌, 是动物肠道菌群的组成部分, 也是动物及临床感染中重要且常见的致病菌之一[10-12]。本研究对浙江省衢州市的40个畜禽养殖场的食品动物进行连续两年的肛拭子采样, 随后通过从样品中进行大肠杆菌和肠球菌的分离培养并进行药物敏感性试验, 获得2022至2023年食源性致病菌耐药监测数据并进行比较分析, 以期增加对衢州市食品动物源细菌耐药性发展动态的了解, 为全国动物源细菌耐药性监测和食品监管部门提供数据依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 样品来源
2022年10—11月于浙江省衢州市34个养殖场收集健康动物肛拭子样品540份, 2023年10—11月于浙江省衢州市6个养殖场收集健康动物肛拭子150份(图1)。用采样拭子深入畜禽肛门1~2 cm, 旋转1周后采集样品, 然后装入含有运送琼脂的采样管内, 置于低温(2~8 ℃)保存, 并及时运回试验室进行大肠杆菌和肠球菌分离前的处理工作, 样品分离情况如表1所示。
1.2 材料与试剂
LB (Luria-Bertani)琼脂培养基、缓冲蛋白胨水(buffered peptone water, BPW)、麦康凯琼脂培养基(Mac Conkey, MAC)、伊红美兰琼脂培养基(eosin-methylene blue agar, EMB)(北京陆桥技术股份有限公司); 肠球菌显色培养基(山东省青岛海博生物技术有限公司); 甘油[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司]; 细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒(上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司); GelRed核酸染料、DL2000分子标志物、高纯度低电渗琼脂糖(杭州擎科梓熙生物技术有限公司); TAE溶液(北京兰杰柯科技有限公司); 药敏检测板[一诺康(天津)生物科技有限公司]; 肛拭子采样管(青岛中创汇科生物科技有限公司)。
1.3 仪器与设备
JA5003电子天平(精度0.001 g, 上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司); SW-CJ-1FD超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); Hic021台式高速微量离心机[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司]; ETC811Plus PCR扩增仪(苏州东胜兴业科学仪器有限公司); EPS300电泳仪、HE-120电泳槽(上海天能科技有限公司); SH-520凝胶成像系统(杭州申花科技有限公司); 906-ULTS医用低温冰箱[赛默飞世尔(苏州)仪器有限公司]; 基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪(德国布鲁克公司)。
1.4 试验方法
1.4.1 大肠杆菌和肠球菌的分离培养
将采样拭子在装有5 mL BPW增菌管中来回搅动数次, 37 ℃培养条件下增菌12 h, 用10 μL接种环沾取混浊的菌液分别在MAC平板和肠球菌显色平板上划线, 置于37 ℃培养箱中培养16~24 h; 在MAC和肠球显色平板上分别挑取粉红色单菌落和紫色单菌落, 再次于EMB平板和肠球显色平板上划线并纯化培养, 然后挑取金属绿色单菌落和紫色单菌落划线于LB平板, 在37 ℃培养箱中培养16~24 h, 最后使用无菌棉签从LB平板上刮取部分菌落转移至含有1 mL的25%的无菌甘油的冻存管中, 充分混匀, 使得细菌充分溶解在25%甘油中。在冻存管上写好编号和日期, 置于-80 ℃冰箱中保存。
1.4.2 细菌鉴定
将保存的细菌接种于LB平板上, 并在37 ℃条件下培养16~24 h。使用煮沸法提取细菌DNA后经聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)鉴定大肠杆菌和肠球菌。以基因组DNA为模板, 使用引物EC-F、EC-R; CQ-F、CQ-R(表2)扩增相应的基因序列, 经2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物, 采用1×TAE缓冲液, 120 V恒压电压电泳30 min后, 凝胶图像系统拍摄确认。菌株ATCC 25922和ATCC 29212分别作为大肠杆菌和肠球菌的质控菌株。PCR反应条件: (1)大肠杆菌。预变性, 95 ℃, 4 min; 变性, 95 ℃, 30 s; 退火, 58 ℃, 30 s; 延伸, 72 ℃, 20 s, 共35个循环; (2)肠球菌。预变性, 95 ℃, 4 min; 变性, 95 ℃, 30 s; 退火, 55 ℃, 30 s; 延伸, 72 ℃, 30 s, 共35个循环; 扩增体系为30 μL。分离的菌株通过细菌鉴定专用的飞行时间质谱进行复核。
1.4.3 药物敏感性试验
从-80 ℃冰箱中取出冻存管, 将大肠杆菌和肠球菌复苏后, 再次分别接种于LB琼脂培养基上, 37 ℃过夜培养。参照美国临床实验室标准化委员会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)的M100-S31文件[13]中推荐的微量肉汤稀释法, 使用革兰氏阴性需氧菌药敏检测板测定大肠杆菌对16种常见抗生素的药敏表型[14-15], 包括氨苄西林(ampicillin, AMP)、阿莫西林/克拉维酸(amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, A/C)、庆大霉素(gentamicin, GEM)、大观霉素(spectinomycin, SPT)、四环素(tetracycline, TET)、氟苯尼考(florfenicol, FFC)、磺胺异恶唑(sulfamisoxazole, SF)、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, SXT)、头孢噻呋(ceftiofur, CEF)、头孢他啶(ceftazidime, CAZ)、恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin, ENR)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin, OFL)、美罗培南(meropenem, MEM)、安普霉素(apramycin, APR)、黏菌素(colistin, CL)、乙酰甲喹(mequindox, MEQ)。使用革兰氏阳性需氧菌药敏检测板测定肠球菌对18种抗生素的药物敏感性, 青霉素(penicillin, PEN)、A/C、红霉素(erythromycin, ERY)、克林霉素(clindamycin, CLI)、ENR、OFL、CEF、头孢西丁(cefoxitin, CFX)、磺胺异噁唑(sulfisoxazole, SF)、苯唑西林(oxacillin, OXA)、万古霉素(vancomycin, VAN)、SXT、TET、FFC、泰妙菌素(tiamulin, TIA)、替米考星(tilmicosin, TIL)、GEM、利奈唑胺(linezolid, LZD)。耐药折点参考CLSI (M100-S26、M45-A2、VET01-A4)制定的值。另外, 由于国际上缺少APR、MEQ对大肠杆菌耐药折点的判断依据, 所以耐药性未统计。对于没有折点标准的, 通过药物最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)的分布图展示比较。
1.5 数据处理
利用Excel 2016软件及χ2(卡方检验)对药敏检测数据进行记录与分析, 采用Graphpad Prism 10.0软件绘图。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 大肠杆菌和肠球菌的分离结果
本研究共获得大肠杆菌685株(分离率99.2%)、肠球菌683株(分离率98.9%), 鉴定结果如图2所示。选取2022年大肠杆菌、肠球菌各360株, 2023年大肠杆菌及肠球菌各120株进行药物敏感性试验(表1)。
2.2 大肠杆菌的耐药情况
对衢州市2022年分离得到的360株大肠杆菌进行药敏试验, 结果如图3所示(其中APR和MEQ没有定义折点, 不统计耐药率), 大肠杆菌对14种抗生素的耐药率从大到小为: TET(87.2%)>SF (81.1%)>AMP (75.6%)> FFC (74.4%)>SPT (73.6%)=SXT (73.6%)>CEF (25.8%)> GEM (22.5%)>ENR (19.4%)>OFL (19.1%)>A/C (15.3%)> CAZ (6.7%)>CL (1.4%)>MEM (0.3%)。值得注意的是, 本研究检测到1株MEM耐药、5株CL耐药菌株。360株大肠杆菌对16种抗生素的MIC值分布存在差异, 其中SF的MIC有78.1% (283/360)大于512 µg/mL, 表现出较高的耐药水平, CAZ、MEM的MIC分布在较低的水平。CL的MIC在小于2 µg/mL的范围内呈现正态分布(图4)。
2023年, 分离得到的120株大肠杆菌对14种抗生素的耐药率从大到小排列为: A/C (94.2%)>SF (86.7%)>TET (84.2%)>AMP (69.2%)>FFC (61.7%)>SXT (58.3%)>SPT (45.0%)>ENR (12.5%)>CEF (11.7%)>OFL (10.8%)>CAZ (10.0%)>GEM (7.50%)>MEM (0.00%)=CL (0.00%)。从MIC分布来看, 大肠杆菌对GEM、CEF、CAZ、OFL、CL和MEM的MIC均呈现出敏感趋势, 对A/C、TET、SF、SXT则表现出高水平耐药。
2023年, 从样品中分离的大肠杆菌对SPT、FFC、SXT、CEF、OFL耐药率较2022年均显著下降, 且对MEM和CL的耐药率均为0%(图3)。2023年, 对MEM及CL耐药的大肠杆菌均未被检出。而2022年, 分离到1株MEM耐药和5株CL耐药的大肠杆菌。但是, 2023年分离的大肠杆菌对A/C的耐药率高于2022年。另外, 从MIC分布来看(图4), 2023年MEQ的耐药水平略高于2022年。
2.3 肠球菌的耐药情况
对衢州市2022年分离得到的360株肠球菌进行药敏试验, 结果如图5所示。肠球菌对18种抗菌药物的耐药率从大到小排列为: TIA (96.4%)>CFX (96.1%)>CLI (94.7%)>SF (93.3%)>OXA (91.9%)>ERY (86.1%)>TIL (84.7%)>CEF (78.1%)>FFC (73.3%)>OFL (70.0%)>SXT (61.7%)>GEM (53.3%)>LZD (38.9%)>TET (26.9%)>ENR (25.3%)>PEN (10.0%)>A/C (6.1%)>VAN (0.0%)。从MIC的分布来看, ERY、CLI、CFX、SF、OXA、TIA、TIL大多分布在高MIC值区域, 其中ERY的MIC有63.3% (76/120)大于256, 未检测出VAN耐药菌株。
2023年衢州市的耐药率从大到小为: OXA (89.2%)>TIL (85.8%)=CLI (85.8%)>TIA (83.3%)>CEF (82.5%)=CFX (82.5%)>ERY (76.7%)=TET (76.7%)>SXT (71.7%)>FFC (67.5%)>SF (62.5%)>GEM (55.8%)=LZD (55.8%)>OFL (45.0%)>PEN (21.7%)>ENR (20.8%)>A/C (7.5%)>VAN (0.0%)。120株肠球菌对18种抗生素的MIC值分布存在较大的差异, 对PEN、A/C、VAN的MIC值处于较低水平, ENR和OFL分布较平均, 但值得注意的是ERY、CFX、TIL的MIC值几乎全部位于高水平(图6)。
2023年从样品中分离的肠球菌对ERY、CLI、OFL、CFX、SF、TIA的耐药率较2022年下降, 而对PEN、TET、LZD较2022年上升。两年均未检测出VAN耐药菌株。两年分离的肠球菌对抗生素的MIC跨度都比较广, 在相似的耐药率下, 通过MIC的分布可以看出, 2023年衢州市分离的肠球菌对OXA呈现出更高的耐药水平(图6)。
2.4 多重耐药性分析
对2022年衢州市大肠杆菌的耐药谱分析发现, 有3株大肠杆菌对11种抗生素同时耐药, 仅有15个菌株对全部抗生素表现出敏感, 耐药谱型共有81种, 其中AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT的耐药谱型占比最高(20.3%), 其次为SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT (5.3%)(表3)。另外分析发现, 2023年耐药谱最广的1种谱型可对10种抗生素耐药, 为AMP-GEM-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-CEF-CAZ-ENR-OFL (1.7%), 数量占比最高的耐药谱型为AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF (15.0%), 其次为AMP-TET-FFC-SF-OFL (13.3%)和AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-OFL (9.2%)(表4)。2022—2023年衢州市大肠杆菌的多重耐药情况较为普遍, 但2023年的耐药谱型相较前一年减少34种。2022年83.6%的大肠杆菌抗3类以上抗生素, 而2023年只有70.0%的大肠杆菌抗3类以上抗生素。根据耐药谱发现, 氟喹诺酮类抗生素ENR和OFL的耐药相关性较高, 表现出同类药物的交叉耐药性。
2022年衢州市分离的肠球菌共有43种耐药谱型, 其中ERY-SF-TIA-TIL的耐药谱占比最高, 为22.5%, 其次为ERY-SF-TIA-TIL-LZD (14.2%)和ERY-ENR-SF-TIA- TIL-LZD (8.6%)。2022年有1株肠球菌对9种药物同时耐药, 耐药谱型为PEN-A/C-ERY-ENR-SF-DOX-TIA- TIL-LZD(表5)。相较2022年, 2023年衢州市的肠球菌增至52种耐药谱型, 且有4株肠球菌对16种药物同时耐药, 耐药谱为PEN-ERY- CLI-ENR-OFL-CEF-CFX-SF-OXA-SXT-TET-FFC-TIA-TIL- GEN-LZD(表6)。相比大肠杆菌, 肠球菌的多重耐药率上升, 2022—2023年由89.7%上升至94.2%。
3 讨论与结论
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随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高, 由细菌引起的食源性疾病逐渐成为人们关注的食品安全问题之一, 在整个畜禽肉产品生产链中, 大肠杆菌和肠球菌可以在动物的屠宰及加工过程中从肠道传播至动物胴体及其他肉类产品中, 对食品安全及公共卫生构成威胁[16-19]。本研究通过连续两年从衢州市的畜禽肛拭子样本中分离鉴定大肠杆菌685株、肠球菌683株, 监测到了严峻的多重耐药性的存在。其中特别值得注意的是, 大肠杆菌对TET、SF和AMP的耐药率较高, 且多重耐药谱型AMP-SPT-TET-FFC-SF-SXT的占比高达20.3%。青霉素类、四环素类和磺胺类抗生素是中国畜禽养殖业中使用量最多的抗菌药物, 这在一定程度上反映了抗生素使用对动物源细菌耐药性的重要影响[20-23]。前期的报道显示, 浙江省猪源大肠杆菌的耐药性高于禽源, 可能与不同食品动物的养殖和用药方式有关[24]。本研究中由于不同年份动物样品代表性不够, 未能比较两种来源的细菌耐药性差异。下一步需要针对不同动物进行持续监测。
由于在临床上广谱的抗菌特性和对多重耐药菌株的抑菌效果, MEM被禁止在畜禽养殖中使用[25-26]。CL属于多黏菌素类药物, 是治疗碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌性疾病的有效抗生素[2,27-28], 过去常被当作革兰氏阴性菌的有效预防及促生长药物广泛添加在饲料中。由于动物源细菌对CL的耐药率持续上升[29], 农业农村部于2017年禁止将多CL类药物用于促生长使用, 随后CL耐药率大幅下降[30]。本研究在2022年分离出1株MEM耐药和5株CL耐药菌株, 说明食品动物源细菌仍携带风险耐药表型。然而, 2023年的数据表明, 120株大肠杆菌样本中未分离到MEM和CL耐药菌株, 表明细菌对这些抗生素的耐药性进一步下降。本研究从耐药率、MIC分布和耐药谱型方面对浙江省衢州市两年间的食品动物源细菌耐药水平进行比较, 发现衢州市大肠杆菌的耐药性水平降低明显, 肠球菌同样对多数抗生素耐药性下降, 但对部分药物(PEN、TET、LZD)耐药性上升, 这可能与兽用抗生素的持续投入使用相关[7,31-32]。以上结果表明, 浙江省实施的“兽药减量化行动”等政策, 在降低细菌耐药性方面发挥了积极作用。
总之, 2023年衢州地区食品动物源大肠杆菌和肠球菌的整体耐药水平相较2022年下降明显, 但仍存在多重耐药现象, 且耐药谱较广, 威胁食品安全和人类健康。未来需关注不同食品动物养殖环节病原菌的耐药情况, 做好长期监测工作, 规范抗生素在养殖中的使用, 预防在后续屠宰、加工、运输等环节出现交叉污染现象, 从而降低可能引发的细菌耐药性的传播风险。
基金
收起
  • 浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY23C180001)
  • 浙江省“领雁”科技计划项目(2023C03045)
  • 浙江省“领雁”科技计划项目(2024C03217)
  • 国科大杭州高等研究院专项资金资助项目(2023HIAS-Y031)
文献
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2025年第16卷第1期
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文章信息
doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929007
  • 接收时间：2024-09-29
  • 首发时间：2025-07-21
  • 出版时间：2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-29
基金
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY23C180001)
浙江省“领雁”科技计划项目(2023C03045)
浙江省“领雁”科技计划项目(2024C03217)
国科大杭州高等研究院专项资金资助项目(2023HIAS-Y031)
作者信息
    1.陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院(生物与医药学院), 西安 710021
    2.国科大杭州高等研究院 生命与健康科学学院, 杭州 310024
    3.陕西农产品加工技术研究院, 西安 710021

通讯作者:

*夏飞(1987—), 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品微生物。E-mail:
唐标(1987—), 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为细菌耐药性与基因组学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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