Article(id=1153986782841525153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061489066, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061489066, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061489066, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061489066, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=111, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986783416144807, articleId=1153986782841525153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Dietary exposure and health risk assessment of tetrodotoxin in marine shellfish products along the coast of Zhejiang Province in 2022, columnId=1153986779267978046, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Aquatic Product Processing and Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the exposure of tetrodotoxin in wild and farmed shellfish in coastal cities of Zhejiang Province in 2022. Methods Used stratified random sampling method, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine tetrodotoxin in the samples, combined with the Report on nutrition and chronic disease status of Chinese residents (2015) and the 2014 National physical fitness monitoring bulletin to investigated the dietary intake of residents. Using the point assessment method recommended by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for Assessment of dietary exposure to chemicals in food, the level of tetrodotoxin in the diet of residents in several coastal cities in Zhejiang Province was evaluated. Results The content of tetrodotoxin in shellfish varied greatly, mainly concentrated in rainbow cherry clams and striped snails, with a detection rate of 14.7% and a maximum of 5220.00 μg/kg. The average content of tetrodotoxin was 167.30 μg/kg. When children under 10 years old consumed less than 15 g, adolescents aged 10-20 years old consumed less than 40 g, and adults over 20 years old consumed less than 60 g at once, their acute dietary exposure level was in an acceptable and safe state; the acute risk index for ingesting other shellfish was much lower than 100, indicated that the population’s exposure level was in a safe state. Conclusion The overall acute dietary exposure level of shellfish was in a safe state, and the content of tetrodotoxin in striped snails is extremely high. Eating striped snails is extremely unsafe and shall be regulated.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Jun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jun-Jie ZENG, Ling-Ling MIAO, Si CHEN, Peng-Fei HE, Yu CHEN, Xiao-Jun ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986790802313354, articleId=1153986782841525153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2022年浙江省沿海海水贝类中河豚毒素膳食暴露及健康风险评价, columnId=1151923891695350386, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解2022年浙江省沿海城市野生、养殖贝类中河豚毒素暴露情况。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法, 液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品中河豚毒素测定, 结合《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)》和《2014年国民体质监测公报》对居民膳食摄入量调查。采用世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织推荐的《食品中化学物质膳食暴露评估》方法点评估法, 对浙江省几个沿海城市中居民膳食中河豚毒素水平评估。结果 贝类中河豚毒素含量差异较大, 主要集中在彩虹明樱蛤和织纹螺, 检出率为14.7%, 含量最高达到5220.00 μg/kg, 河豚毒素的平均含量167.30 μg/kg。一次性摄入织纹螺时, 小于10岁的儿童低于15 g, 10~20岁青少年低于40 g, 20岁以上成年人低于60 g的时, 其急性膳食暴露水平处于可接受的安全状态; 摄入其他贝类的急性风险指数远小于100, 人群暴露水平处于安全状态。结论 贝类整体急性膳食暴露水平在安全状态, 织纹螺河豚毒素含量极高, 食用织纹螺极不安全, 应加以监管。

, correspAuthors=张小军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张小军(1982—), 男, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与质量安全。E-mail:
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曾军杰( 1990—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全、天然产物的提取与分离。E-mail:

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曾军杰( 1990—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全、天然产物的提取与分离。E-mail:

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曾军杰( 1990—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全、天然产物的提取与分离。E-mail:

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Modern Agrochemicals, 2023, 22(4): 14-20, 43., articleTitle=Current situations on pesticide dietary risk assessment techniques in domestic and abroad, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369399881478841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=4, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=53, authorNames=杨晓东, 梁春穗, 邓峰, journalName=广东卫生防疫, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨晓东, 梁春穗, 邓峰, 等. 广东省常见河豚鱼含毒状况研究[J]. 广东卫生防疫, 1997, 23(4): 4-7., articleTitle=广东省常见河豚鱼含毒状况研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369399944393403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=23, issue=4, pageStart=4, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=54, authorNames=YANG XD, LIANG CH, DENG F, journalName=Guangdong Health and Epidemic Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG XD, LIANG CH, DENG F, et al. Study on the toxic status of common pufferfish in Guangdong Province[J]. Guangdong Health and Epidemic Prevention, 1997, 23(4): 4-7., articleTitle=Study on the toxic status of common pufferfish in Guangdong Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1174369395653620291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年海洋水产科学技术提升科研项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369391413178803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369391421567413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, companyId=1174369391413178803, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Joint Laboratory for Marine Biotoxin Testing, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369391429956022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, companyId=1174369391413178803, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江省海洋水产研究所, 海洋生物毒素检验联合实验室, 舟山 316021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1174369391518036410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369391530619323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, companyId=1174369391518036410, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Zhoushan Public Security Criminal Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369391534813628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, companyId=1174369391518036410, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.舟山市公安刑事科学技术研究所, 舟山 316021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369394319831575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Distribution of TTX virulence in striped snails, figureFileSmall=cUM2Qj4IlAnZwErTP0/veA==, figureFileBig=GEtQnmr1eb3SOQlTTfT/nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369394433077787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=CN, label=图1, caption=织纹螺中河豚毒素毒力分布图, figureFileSmall=cUM2Qj4IlAnZwErTP0/veA==, figureFileBig=GEtQnmr1eb3SOQlTTfT/nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369394504380958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample informations from different locations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地点 抽样量/份 占比/% 样品种类 采集月份
杭州上城区 4 1.8 厚壳贻贝、缢蛏、菲律宾蛤、油蛤 8
杭州西湖区 16 7.1 菲律宾蛤、蛤蜊、文蛤、泥蚶、厚壳贻贝、扇贝、彩虹明樱蛤、缢蛏 8
平阳 4 1.8 厚壳贻贝 11
瑞安 2 0.9 缢蛏 7
苍南 10 4.5 缢蛏 7
乐清 18 8.0 文蛤、泥蚶、青蛤 9
龙港 12 5.4 缢蛏、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10
临海 10 4.5 青蛤、毛蚶、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、西施舌 11
三门 27 12.0 牡蛎、青蛤、毛蚶、泥蚶、缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤、美洲帘蛤、缢蛏 5、12
温岭 32 14.3 缢蛏、菲律宾蛤、泥蚶、牡蛎、文蛤、贻贝、青蛤、毛蚶、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10、11
玉环 7 3.1 泥蚶、缢蛏 7
宁波江东区 10 4.5 毛蚶、西施舌、泥蚶青蛤、贻贝、缢蛏、牡蛎、扇贝、菲律宾蛤、文蛤 7
宁海 17 7.6 牡蛎、泥蚶、缢蛏、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10
慈溪 10 4.5 彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺、织纹螺 7
奉化 2 0.9 青蛤、文蛤 7
象山 7 3.1 缢蛏、牡蛎 7
嵊泗 23 10.2 厚壳贻贝、毛蚶、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10、11
舟山市定海区 5 2.2 毛蚶、花蛤、文蛤、菲律宾蛤 11、12
舟山市普陀区 8 3.6 毛蚶、南沙贝、扇贝、白瓜子 12
), ArticleFig(id=1174369394609238563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同地点抽取样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地点 抽样量/份 占比/% 样品种类 采集月份
杭州上城区 4 1.8 厚壳贻贝、缢蛏、菲律宾蛤、油蛤 8
杭州西湖区 16 7.1 菲律宾蛤、蛤蜊、文蛤、泥蚶、厚壳贻贝、扇贝、彩虹明樱蛤、缢蛏 8
平阳 4 1.8 厚壳贻贝 11
瑞安 2 0.9 缢蛏 7
苍南 10 4.5 缢蛏 7
乐清 18 8.0 文蛤、泥蚶、青蛤 9
龙港 12 5.4 缢蛏、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10
临海 10 4.5 青蛤、毛蚶、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、西施舌 11
三门 27 12.0 牡蛎、青蛤、毛蚶、泥蚶、缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤、美洲帘蛤、缢蛏 5、12
温岭 32 14.3 缢蛏、菲律宾蛤、泥蚶、牡蛎、文蛤、贻贝、青蛤、毛蚶、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10、11
玉环 7 3.1 泥蚶、缢蛏 7
宁波江东区 10 4.5 毛蚶、西施舌、泥蚶青蛤、贻贝、缢蛏、牡蛎、扇贝、菲律宾蛤、文蛤 7
宁海 17 7.6 牡蛎、泥蚶、缢蛏、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10
慈溪 10 4.5 彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺、织纹螺 7
奉化 2 0.9 青蛤、文蛤 7
象山 7 3.1 缢蛏、牡蛎 7
嵊泗 23 10.2 厚壳贻贝、毛蚶、织纹螺 5、6、7、8、9、10、11
舟山市定海区 5 2.2 毛蚶、花蛤、文蛤、菲律宾蛤 11、12
舟山市普陀区 8 3.6 毛蚶、南沙贝、扇贝、白瓜子 12
), ArticleFig(id=1174369394709901862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Summary of positive samples of tetrodotoxin in shellfish along the coast of Zhejiang Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品种类 采集地点 采集时间 样品浓度/(μg/kg)
1 缢蛏 三门 2022/5 1.32±0.15
2 缢蛏 三门 2022/5 2.11±0.13
3 缢蛏 三门 2022/5 1.34±0.05
4 彩虹明樱蛤 三门 2022/5 8.63±0.25
5 彩虹明樱蛤 慈溪 2022/7 8.33±0.31
6 彩虹明樱蛤 慈溪 2022/7 9.05±0.18
7 泥蚶 杭州西湖区 2022/10 15.30±0.11
8 毛蚶 临海 2022/11 11.30±0.26
9 毛蚶 舟山普陀区 2022/12 66.90±2.50
10 织纹螺 宁海 2022/5 1668.00±5.50
11 织纹螺 温岭 2022/5 221.20±2.60
12 织纹螺 龙港 2022/5 1901.00±3.50
13 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/5 288.30±2.50
14 织纹螺 宁海 2022/6 2182.00±2.90
15 织纹螺 温岭 2022/6 200.10±2.20
16 织纹螺 龙港 2022/6 2951.00±11.00
17 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/6 685.00±9.80
18 织纹螺 宁海 2022/7 3665.00±13.00
19 织纹螺 温岭 2022/7 427.20±5.30
20 织纹螺 龙港 2022/7 1802.00±12.00
21 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/7 1489.00±11.00
22 织纹螺 宁海 2022/8 5220.00±15.00
23 织纹螺 温岭 2022/8 564.00±7.30
24 织纹螺 龙港 2022/8 2711.00±13.00
25 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/8 1361.00±14.00
26 织纹螺 宁海 2022/9 2800.00±11.00
27 织纹螺 温岭 2022/9 355.20±3.90
28 织纹螺 龙港 2022/9 2032.00±7.50
29 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/9 1188.00±8.50
30 织纹螺 宁海 2022/10 1801.00±9.30
31 织纹螺 温岭 2022/10 185.60±2.50
32 织纹螺 龙港 2022/10 1460.00±8.40
33 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/10 198.60±7.70
), ArticleFig(id=1174369394860896809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浙江沿海贝类中河豚毒素阳性样品汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品种类 采集地点 采集时间 样品浓度/(μg/kg)
1 缢蛏 三门 2022/5 1.32±0.15
2 缢蛏 三门 2022/5 2.11±0.13
3 缢蛏 三门 2022/5 1.34±0.05
4 彩虹明樱蛤 三门 2022/5 8.63±0.25
5 彩虹明樱蛤 慈溪 2022/7 8.33±0.31
6 彩虹明樱蛤 慈溪 2022/7 9.05±0.18
7 泥蚶 杭州西湖区 2022/10 15.30±0.11
8 毛蚶 临海 2022/11 11.30±0.26
9 毛蚶 舟山普陀区 2022/12 66.90±2.50
10 织纹螺 宁海 2022/5 1668.00±5.50
11 织纹螺 温岭 2022/5 221.20±2.60
12 织纹螺 龙港 2022/5 1901.00±3.50
13 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/5 288.30±2.50
14 织纹螺 宁海 2022/6 2182.00±2.90
15 织纹螺 温岭 2022/6 200.10±2.20
16 织纹螺 龙港 2022/6 2951.00±11.00
17 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/6 685.00±9.80
18 织纹螺 宁海 2022/7 3665.00±13.00
19 织纹螺 温岭 2022/7 427.20±5.30
20 织纹螺 龙港 2022/7 1802.00±12.00
21 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/7 1489.00±11.00
22 织纹螺 宁海 2022/8 5220.00±15.00
23 织纹螺 温岭 2022/8 564.00±7.30
24 织纹螺 龙港 2022/8 2711.00±13.00
25 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/8 1361.00±14.00
26 织纹螺 宁海 2022/9 2800.00±11.00
27 织纹螺 温岭 2022/9 355.20±3.90
28 织纹螺 龙港 2022/9 2032.00±7.50
29 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/9 1188.00±8.50
30 织纹螺 宁海 2022/10 1801.00±9.30
31 织纹螺 温岭 2022/10 185.60±2.50
32 织纹螺 龙港 2022/10 1460.00±8.40
33 织纹螺 嵊泗 2022/10 198.60±7.70
), ArticleFig(id=1174369394969948717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Intake of shellfish among different populations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性 别 摄入量范围/g 不同年龄区间人群的摄入量基准/[g/(人·日)
1~9 10~14 15~19 20~39 40~49 50~59 60~74 >74
男性 20~75 20~43 63 75 75 75 63 63 25~50
女性 18~65 18~30 45 55 60~65 50 45 45 25~45
), ArticleFig(id=1174369395083194927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同人群的贝类摄入量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性 别 摄入量范围/g 不同年龄区间人群的摄入量基准/[g/(人·日)
1~9 10~14 15~19 20~39 40~49 50~59 60~74 >74
男性 20~75 20~43 63 75 75 75 63 63 25~50
女性 18~65 18~30 45 55 60~65 50 45 45 25~45
), ArticleFig(id=1174369395150303794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Acute dietary exposure and risk index of TTX in shellfish among different populations (A)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄 BW/kg EXPa/[mg/(kg·d)] %ARfD
男性 女生 男性 女生 男性 女性
1 10.1 9.4 0.01566 0.01168 391.5 292.0
2 12.5 11.9 0.01255 0.00921 313.8 230.3
3 16.6 15.9 0.00948 0.00691 237.0 172.6
4 18.3 17.5 0.00860 0.00627 215.0 156.9
5 20.6 19.6 0.00764 0.00560 191.0 140.1
6 23.0 21.6 0.00684 0.00508 171.1 127.1
7 26.6 24.7 0.00592 0.00445 147.9 111.1
8 29.9 27.6 0.00526 0.00398 131.6 99.5
9 33.6 31.3 0.00468 0.00351 117.1 87.7
10 37.2 35.5 0.00620 0.00464 155.0 116.0
11 41.9 40.6 0.00550 0.00406 137.6 101.4
12 46.6 44.5 0.00495 0.00370 123.7 92.5
13 52.0 48.0 0.00443 0.00343 110.9 85.8
14 56.2 50.4 0.00410 0.00327 102.6 81.7
15 59.5 51.6 0.00461 0.00390 115.3 97.5
16 61.5 52.7 0.00446 0.00390 111.6 97.5
17 63.3 53.0 0.00434 0.00390 108.4 97.5
18 63.5 52.6 0.00432 0.00390 108.1 97.5
19 63.5 52.4 0.00432 0.00390 108.1 97.5
20~24 67.2 53.8 0.00381 0.00442 95.3 110.5
25~29 70.4 55.3 0.00364 0.00430 91.0 107.5
30~34 71.4 56.8 0.00359 0.00419 89.7 104.7
35~39 71.5 57.8 0.00358 0.00412 89.6 102.9
40~44 71.2 59.0 0.00386 0.00310 96.4 77.5
45~49 71.2 59.7 0.00386 0.00307 96.4 76.6
50~54 70.6 60.4 0.00327 0.00273 81.7 68.2
55~59 69.1 59.6 0.00334 0.00276 83.4 69.1
60~64 67.6 59.7 0.00341 0.00276 85.3 69.0
65~69 66.6 59.2 0.00346 0.00278 86.6 69.6
>69 66.6 59.2 0.00275 0.00278 68.7 69.6
), ArticleFig(id=1174369395229995572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同人群对贝类中河豚毒素的急性膳食暴露及风险指数(A)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄 BW/kg EXPa/[mg/(kg·d)] %ARfD
男性 女生 男性 女生 男性 女性
1 10.1 9.4 0.01566 0.01168 391.5 292.0
2 12.5 11.9 0.01255 0.00921 313.8 230.3
3 16.6 15.9 0.00948 0.00691 237.0 172.6
4 18.3 17.5 0.00860 0.00627 215.0 156.9
5 20.6 19.6 0.00764 0.00560 191.0 140.1
6 23.0 21.6 0.00684 0.00508 171.1 127.1
7 26.6 24.7 0.00592 0.00445 147.9 111.1
8 29.9 27.6 0.00526 0.00398 131.6 99.5
9 33.6 31.3 0.00468 0.00351 117.1 87.7
10 37.2 35.5 0.00620 0.00464 155.0 116.0
11 41.9 40.6 0.00550 0.00406 137.6 101.4
12 46.6 44.5 0.00495 0.00370 123.7 92.5
13 52.0 48.0 0.00443 0.00343 110.9 85.8
14 56.2 50.4 0.00410 0.00327 102.6 81.7
15 59.5 51.6 0.00461 0.00390 115.3 97.5
16 61.5 52.7 0.00446 0.00390 111.6 97.5
17 63.3 53.0 0.00434 0.00390 108.4 97.5
18 63.5 52.6 0.00432 0.00390 108.1 97.5
19 63.5 52.4 0.00432 0.00390 108.1 97.5
20~24 67.2 53.8 0.00381 0.00442 95.3 110.5
25~29 70.4 55.3 0.00364 0.00430 91.0 107.5
30~34 71.4 56.8 0.00359 0.00419 89.7 104.7
35~39 71.5 57.8 0.00358 0.00412 89.6 102.9
40~44 71.2 59.0 0.00386 0.00310 96.4 77.5
45~49 71.2 59.7 0.00386 0.00307 96.4 76.6
50~54 70.6 60.4 0.00327 0.00273 81.7 68.2
55~59 69.1 59.6 0.00334 0.00276 83.4 69.1
60~64 67.6 59.7 0.00341 0.00276 85.3 69.0
65~69 66.6 59.2 0.00346 0.00278 86.6 69.6
>69 66.6 59.2 0.00275 0.00278 68.7 69.6
), ArticleFig(id=1174369395351630393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Acute dietary exposure and risk index of TTX in shellfish among different populations (B)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄 BW/kg EXPa/[mg/(kg·d)] %ARfD
男性 女生 男性 女生 男性 女性
1 10.1 9.4 0.0000657 0.0000489 1.64 1.22
2 12.5 11.9 0.0000526 0.0000386 1.32 0.96
3 16.6 15.9 0.0000398 0.0000289 0.99 0.72
4 18.3 17.5 0.0000361 0.0000263 0.90 0.66
5 20.6 19.6 0.0000320 0.0000235 0.80 0.59
6 23.0 21.6 0.0000287 0.0000213 0.72 0.53
7 26.6 24.7 0.0000248 0.0000186 0.62 0.47
8 29.9 27.6 0.0000221 0.0000167 0.55 0.42
9 33.6 31.3 0.0000196 0.0000147 0.49 0.37
10 37.2 35.5 0.0000258 0.0000194 0.65 0.49
11 41.9 40.6 0.0000229 0.0000170 0.57 0.42
12 46.6 44.5 0.0000206 0.0000155 0.52 0.39
13 52.0 48.0 0.0000185 0.0000144 0.46 0.36
14 56.2 50.4 0.0000171 0.0000137 0.43 0.34
15 59.5 51.6 0.0000193 0.0000163 0.48 0.41
16 61.5 52.7 0.0000187 0.0000159 0.47 0.40
17 63.3 53.0 0.0000182 0.0000158 0.45 0.40
18 63.5 52.6 0.0000181 0.0000160 0.45 0.40
19 63.5 52.4 0.0000181 0.0000160 0.45 0.40
20~24 67.2 53.8 0.0000159 0.0000184 0.40 0.46
25~29 70.4 55.3 0.0000152 0.0000179 0.38 0.45
30~34 71.4 56.8 0.0000150 0.0000174 0.37 0.44
35~39 71.5 57.8 0.0000150 0.0000171 0.37 0.43
40~44 71.2 59.0 0.0000162 0.0000131 0.40 0.33
45~49 71.2 59.7 0.0000162 0.0000129 0.40 0.32
50~54 70.6 60.4 0.0000136 0.0000114 0.34 0.29
55~59 69.1 59.6 0.0000139 0.0000116 0.35 0.29
60~64 67.6 59.7 0.0000142 0.0000116 0.36 0.29
65~69 66.6 59.2 0.0000144 0.0000117 0.36 0.29
>69 66.6 59.2 0.0000116 0.0000117 0.29 0.29
), ArticleFig(id=1174369395431322172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782841525153, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同人群对贝类中河豚毒素的急性膳食暴露及风险指数(B)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄 BW/kg EXPa/[mg/(kg·d)] %ARfD
男性 女生 男性 女生 男性 女性
1 10.1 9.4 0.0000657 0.0000489 1.64 1.22
2 12.5 11.9 0.0000526 0.0000386 1.32 0.96
3 16.6 15.9 0.0000398 0.0000289 0.99 0.72
4 18.3 17.5 0.0000361 0.0000263 0.90 0.66
5 20.6 19.6 0.0000320 0.0000235 0.80 0.59
6 23.0 21.6 0.0000287 0.0000213 0.72 0.53
7 26.6 24.7 0.0000248 0.0000186 0.62 0.47
8 29.9 27.6 0.0000221 0.0000167 0.55 0.42
9 33.6 31.3 0.0000196 0.0000147 0.49 0.37
10 37.2 35.5 0.0000258 0.0000194 0.65 0.49
11 41.9 40.6 0.0000229 0.0000170 0.57 0.42
12 46.6 44.5 0.0000206 0.0000155 0.52 0.39
13 52.0 48.0 0.0000185 0.0000144 0.46 0.36
14 56.2 50.4 0.0000171 0.0000137 0.43 0.34
15 59.5 51.6 0.0000193 0.0000163 0.48 0.41
16 61.5 52.7 0.0000187 0.0000159 0.47 0.40
17 63.3 53.0 0.0000182 0.0000158 0.45 0.40
18 63.5 52.6 0.0000181 0.0000160 0.45 0.40
19 63.5 52.4 0.0000181 0.0000160 0.45 0.40
20~24 67.2 53.8 0.0000159 0.0000184 0.40 0.46
25~29 70.4 55.3 0.0000152 0.0000179 0.38 0.45
30~34 71.4 56.8 0.0000150 0.0000174 0.37 0.44
35~39 71.5 57.8 0.0000150 0.0000171 0.37 0.43
40~44 71.2 59.0 0.0000162 0.0000131 0.40 0.33
45~49 71.2 59.7 0.0000162 0.0000129 0.40 0.32
50~54 70.6 60.4 0.0000136 0.0000114 0.34 0.29
55~59 69.1 59.6 0.0000139 0.0000116 0.35 0.29
60~64 67.6 59.7 0.0000142 0.0000116 0.36 0.29
65~69 66.6 59.2 0.0000144 0.0000117 0.36 0.29
>69 66.6 59.2 0.0000116 0.0000117 0.29 0.29
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2022年浙江省沿海海水贝类中河豚毒素膳食暴露及健康风险评价
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曾军杰 1 , 苗玲玲 2 , 陈思 1 , 何鹏飞 1 , 陈瑜 1 , 张小军 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(1): 111-118
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(1): 111-118
2022年浙江省沿海海水贝类中河豚毒素膳食暴露及健康风险评价
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曾军杰1 , 苗玲玲2, 陈思1, 何鹏飞1, 陈瑜1, 张小军1, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省海洋水产研究所, 海洋生物毒素检验联合实验室, 舟山 316021
  • 2.舟山市公安刑事科学技术研究所, 舟山 316021
  • 曾军杰( 1990—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量安全、天然产物的提取与分离。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张小军(1982—), 男, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与质量安全。E-mail:
Dietary exposure and health risk assessment of tetrodotoxin in marine shellfish products along the coast of Zhejiang Province in 2022
Jun-Jie ZENG1 , Ling-Ling MIAO2, Si CHEN1, Peng-Fei HE1, Yu CHEN1, Xiao-Jun ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Joint Laboratory for Marine Biotoxin Testing, Zhoushan 316021, China
  • 2. Zhoushan Public Security Criminal Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819004
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目的 了解2022年浙江省沿海城市野生、养殖贝类中河豚毒素暴露情况。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法, 液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品中河豚毒素测定, 结合《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告(2015年)》和《2014年国民体质监测公报》对居民膳食摄入量调查。采用世界卫生组织/联合国粮食及农业组织推荐的《食品中化学物质膳食暴露评估》方法点评估法, 对浙江省几个沿海城市中居民膳食中河豚毒素水平评估。结果 贝类中河豚毒素含量差异较大, 主要集中在彩虹明樱蛤和织纹螺, 检出率为14.7%, 含量最高达到5220.00 μg/kg, 河豚毒素的平均含量167.30 μg/kg。一次性摄入织纹螺时, 小于10岁的儿童低于15 g, 10~20岁青少年低于40 g, 20岁以上成年人低于60 g的时, 其急性膳食暴露水平处于可接受的安全状态; 摄入其他贝类的急性风险指数远小于100, 人群暴露水平处于安全状态。结论 贝类整体急性膳食暴露水平在安全状态, 织纹螺河豚毒素含量极高, 食用织纹螺极不安全, 应加以监管。

贝类  /  河豚毒素  /  膳食暴露量  /  风险评估

Objective To understand the exposure of tetrodotoxin in wild and farmed shellfish in coastal cities of Zhejiang Province in 2022. Methods Used stratified random sampling method, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine tetrodotoxin in the samples, combined with the Report on nutrition and chronic disease status of Chinese residents (2015) and the 2014 National physical fitness monitoring bulletin to investigated the dietary intake of residents. Using the point assessment method recommended by the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for Assessment of dietary exposure to chemicals in food, the level of tetrodotoxin in the diet of residents in several coastal cities in Zhejiang Province was evaluated. Results The content of tetrodotoxin in shellfish varied greatly, mainly concentrated in rainbow cherry clams and striped snails, with a detection rate of 14.7% and a maximum of 5220.00 μg/kg. The average content of tetrodotoxin was 167.30 μg/kg. When children under 10 years old consumed less than 15 g, adolescents aged 10-20 years old consumed less than 40 g, and adults over 20 years old consumed less than 60 g at once, their acute dietary exposure level was in an acceptable and safe state; the acute risk index for ingesting other shellfish was much lower than 100, indicated that the population’s exposure level was in a safe state. Conclusion The overall acute dietary exposure level of shellfish was in a safe state, and the content of tetrodotoxin in striped snails is extremely high. Eating striped snails is extremely unsafe and shall be regulated.

shellfish  /  tetrodotoxin  /  acute dietary exposed  /  risk assessment
曾军杰, 苗玲玲, 陈思, 何鹏飞, 陈瑜, 张小军. 2022年浙江省沿海海水贝类中河豚毒素膳食暴露及健康风险评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 111 -118 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819004
Jun-Jie ZENG, Ling-Ling MIAO, Si CHEN, Peng-Fei HE, Yu CHEN, Xiao-Jun ZHANG. Dietary exposure and health risk assessment of tetrodotoxin in marine shellfish products along the coast of Zhejiang Province in 2022[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 111 -118 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819004
河豚毒素(tetrodotoxin, TTX)是海洋生物体内的一种高活性特殊代谢成分[1], 结构稳定, 不易被破环, 主要通过食物链被富集在贝类体内, 导致贝类毒化, 最终危害人体健康, 甚至导致人类死亡[2-5]。现有研究开发了包括单克隆抗体构建胶体金法、免疫亲和净化-液相色谱-质谱法、分散固相萃取净化-液相色谱-质谱法、金属有机框架比率荧光传感器等方法[6-13], 为河豚毒素的检测提供了多种准确、快捷的手段; MOJGAN等[14]在河豚毒素对动物生理影响和人体耐药机制方面进行了研究, 并发现了45 µg的治疗相关剂量是安全的, 不会引起任何临床可测量的神经肌肉或呼吸系统功能损伤, 为河豚毒素的临床应用提供了数据支撑; ZHANG等[15]通过模拟暗纹东方鲀、半褶织纹螺野外生存环境, 剖析河豚鱼和织纹螺体内的毒力代谢及分布情况, 建立了消除动力学模型, 为河豚鱼无毒化养殖提供了参考模型。
尽管对河豚毒素的研究非常深入, 但目前在可查阅的我省市售贝类中河豚毒素的调查研究资料鲜少。2012年原卫生部发布《关于预防织纹螺食物中毒的公告》(2012年第13号)明确要求任何食品生产经营单位不得采购、加工和销售织纹螺, 然而仍存在少量摊位户为了牟利私下销售的现象, 因此河豚毒素中毒的事件时有报道[16]。据不完全统计, 上世纪70年代到2012年, 浙江省舟山市、宁波市、温州市, 福建省宁德市因食用织纹螺导致中毒人数累计达466人, 死亡人数达45人[17-20]。此外养殖河豚鱼中毒事件也有报道[21]
目前鲜少有贝类中河豚毒素膳食暴露和风险评价研究, MICHAEL等[22]对新西兰贝类中的河豚毒素含量进行了调查和数据收集, 田良良等[23]对养殖河豚鱼中河豚毒素的暴露风险进行了评估, 提出45 µg/kg的限量建议。为了保证水产品的食用安全性, 减少食源性中毒的公共卫生突发事件, 提高消费者的意识, 本研究于2022年对浙江省贝类样品中河豚毒素进行了调查研究, 为提高和改善水产品的质量及安全性提供参考依据。
河豚毒素纯品(纯度>98%, 美国Affix scientific公司); 氢氧化钠、乙酸、乙酸铵(分析纯, 上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙腈、甲醇(色谱纯, 德国自默克公司); 河豚毒素免疫亲和柱(柱容量3 mL, 江苏美正生物科技有限公司)。
ACQUITY型液相色谱-串联质谱仪、Amide色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 µm)(美国Waters公司); FreeZone® 12型冷冻离心机(美国Labconco公司); MS2漩涡混合器(德国IKA公司); N-EVAP-112氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司)。
样品采集自滩涂、养殖场和市场环节, 主要以种类分布广、含毒可能性大的贝类为主, 品种包括彩虹明鹦蛤、织纹螺、厚壳贻贝等19个种类, 采样点覆盖浙江沿海16个地区, 抽取共计224份, 具体见表1
根据风险评估项目要求, 采用了浙江省海洋水产研究所严忠雍等[7]开发的免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定海洋生物中河豚毒素, 该方法检出限(limit of detection, LOD)为0.3 μg/kg。
居民膳食中河豚毒素暴露量采用点评估法, 分别计算沿海城市居民膳食中河豚毒素的每日暴露量之和(acute dietary exposure portion, EXPa)。通过接触人群的河豚毒素急性膳食暴露量EXPa计算, 如公式(1):
$\mathrm{EXPa}=\frac{\sum_{k=1}^{P} X_{k, 97.5} \times \mathrm{C}_{k, 99}}{\mathrm{Bw}}$
式中: EXPa为摄入后的河豚毒素日暴露量之和, mg/(kg·d); P为摄入贝类的种类; Xk, 97.5为第97.5位居民消费贝类的日平均摄入量, kg/d; Bw为消费者人均体重, kg; Ck, 99为贝类中河豚毒素残留量的第99分位数, mg/kg; fk为加工因子值。
风险指数%ARfD[24-25]计算如公式(2):
$\% \mathrm{ARfD}=\frac{\mathrm{EXPa}}{\mathrm{ARfD}} \times 100 \%$
式中: ARfD为食品中某种物质, 其在较短时间内(通常指一餐或一天内)被吸收后不致引起目前已知的任何可观察到的健康损害的剂量(acute reference dose), mg/(kg·d); %ARfD为风险指数。
当%ARfD<<100%, 表明河豚毒素对贝类安全没有影响; %ARfD≤100%, 表明河豚毒素对贝类安全影响的风险是可以接受的; %ARfD>100%, 表明河豚毒素对贝类安全影响的风险超过了可接受的限度, 且数值越大, 风险也越大, 出现这种情况就应该进行风险管理程序。
使用Microsoft Excel 2016版软件进行数据处理与计算, 绘制“时间-空间-毒力”分布图。
本研究中, 浙江沿海贝类中河豚毒素调查监测采用液相色谱-串联质谱法分析测定, 以方法定量限1.0 μg/kg (3倍检出限)作为贝类中河豚毒素的判断标准值。224份样品中有33份样品检出河豚毒素, 检出率为14.7%。河豚毒素含量最高达到5220.00 μg/kg, 河豚毒素的平均含量167.30 μg/kg, P25 (25百分位数)、P50和P75均低于检出限; P85.7为1.320 μg/kg, 只有大于85.7百分位数呈现高于检出限的结果。在33份检出样品中, 河豚毒素浓度为1.32~5220.00 μg/kg, 平均含量1135.80 μg/kg, P25为15.30 μg/kg、P50为427.20 μg/kg、P75为1801.00 μg/kg。阳性样品见表2
调查监测分别于5、6、7、8、9、10、11及12月份采集样品, 5月份检出率较高, 21个样品中阳性占8个, 为缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤和织纹螺, 来自三门、宁海、嵊泗、龙港和温岭, 检出率为38.1%。6月份7个样品中阳性样品占4个, 为宁海、嵊泗、龙港和温岭四地采集的织纹螺, 检出率为57.1%。7月份采集量最多, 但检出率较低, 57个样品中共6个阳性样品, 涉及彩虹明樱蛤和织纹螺2个种类, 5个采集地, 检出率10.53%。8月份样品数为7个, 阳性样品4个, 均为织纹螺, 检出率为57.1%; 9月份共采集22个样品, 其中4个阳性样品均为织纹螺, 检出率18.2%; 10月份36个样品, 阳性样品5个, 为织纹螺和泥蚶2个品种, 检出率13.9%; 11月份样品种类丰富, 但阳性数量较少, 52个样品中只有1个阳性样品, 品种为毛蚶, 其余均未检出, 检出率1.92%; 12月份采集22个样品, 其中一个阳性样品为毛蚶, 检出率为4.55%。
调查监测分别在乐清、玉环、嵊泗、温岭、普陀等19个地区采集样品。龙港、宁海、嵊泗、温岭检出率均较高, 但只有1个品种, 均是织纹螺, 缺少代表性。其次是慈溪, 阳性样品检出2个, 检出率为20%, 但检测基数较少, 且品种单一为泥螺。三门阳性数量较多, 检出率为14.8%, 采集样品均为缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤, 共有4个样品检出。杭州西湖区、临海、舟山市普陀区阳性样品各1个, 品种分别为泥蚶、毛蚶、毛蚶, 检出率分别为6.3%、10.0%、12.5%。其余10个地区共计69份样品, 均未检出河豚毒素。
调查监测织纹螺、花蛤、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、牡蛎等19种贝类, 织纹螺检出率最高, 24个样品均检出河豚毒素, 含量范围为185.60~5220.00 μg/kg, 检出率为100%; 彩虹明樱蛤共4个样品, 其中3个为阳性, 含量范围为8.33~9.05 μg/kg, 检出率为75%; 缢蛏共55个样品, 其中3个为阳性, 含量范围为1.32~2.11 μg/kg, 检出率为5.5%; 毛蚶共10个样品, 其中2个为阳性, 含量为11.30 μg/kg、66.90 μg/kg, 检出率20%; 泥蚶共29个样品, 其中1个阳性样品, 含量为15.30 μg/kg, 检出率3.4%。
缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤、泥蚶等品种的贝类检出率较低, 且毒力低于欧洲食品安全局海洋双壳类和腹足类动物体内河豚毒素含量应低于44 μg/kg的建议[26], 其中有一个毛蚶样品浓度为66.9 μg/kg, 表明该品种贝类可能带有潜在的危险性, 但是样品因为基数较小, 无法发现明显的毒力规律, 需要后续继续进行单品种的跟踪调查。织纹螺通过5~10月份的的数据进行比对, 如图1“时间-空间-毒力”所示, 发现宁海、嵊泗、龙港及温岭四地每个季节的织纹螺都带有河豚毒素, 且地域分布广, 时间跨度大, 检出频率高、毒力差异显著。纹螺体内河豚毒素随着地域变化也存在一定的规律, 宁波地区织纹螺中河豚毒素的污染水平始终为最高, 这可能夏季赤潮频发, 受海洋贝类自身生活史和产毒菌生活史及其产毒机制的影响, 导致海洋贝类中河豚毒素含量呈现一定的时间及地域变化规律。
本研究中不同人群的体重数据采用2014年国民体质监测公报(国家体育总局)中关于不同性别年龄组对应的平均体重的资料, 通过赵明军等[27]的2017—2018年我国城镇居民水产品消费数据获得不同人群贝类摄入量。考虑到织纹螺中河豚毒素含量极高, 需单独列为一组, 为A组, 贝类中河豚毒素残留量的第99分位数为3.66 mg/kg; 其他贝类作为B组进行计算, 贝类中河豚毒素残留量的第99分位数为0.0153 mg/kg, 见表3~5。根据报道河豚毒素最小致死量为2.0 mg[28], 0.2 mg便可令人出现嘴巴麻木、头晕等中毒反应, 按照成人平均体重50 kg 计算, 则成年人出现河豚毒素中毒反应剂量约为0.004 mg/(kg·d)。因此本研究将ARfD定为0.004 mg/(kg·d)。
A组中通过织纹螺消费量和平均体重计算出河豚毒素急性膳食暴露量以及风险指数, 织纹螺整体急性膳食暴露水平存在一定的风险, 未成年人的风险远远高于成年人, 且随着年纪的增大, 居民对织纹螺的需求逐渐减少, 膳食暴露风险逐渐降低。1~9岁, 男女膳食暴露风险都比较大, 主要取决于织纹螺的摄入量; 10~19岁, 男性膳食暴露风险为%ARfD>100%, 女性膳食暴露风险≈100%; 20~39岁, 男性膳食暴露风险为%ARfD<100%, 而女性膳食暴露风险%ARfD>100%%, 女性仍然存在一定风险; 40~69岁, 男女膳食暴露风险均为%ARfD<100%, 但男性暴露风险大于女性; 69岁以上, 男女膳食暴露风险差距较小, 均为安全范围。按照检样中河豚毒素含量评估, 小于10岁的儿童一次摄入低于15 g, 10~20岁青少年一次摄入低于40 g, 20岁以上成年人一次摄入低于60 g的织纹螺时, 其急性膳食暴露水平处于可接受的安全状态。
B组中(除织纹螺外的其它海洋贝类)的急性风险指数(%ARfD)均小于5, 远小于100, 表明人群暴露水平处于安全状态。
膳食暴露评估是目前广为认可的对食品安全进行定量或定性的评价的手段[29-30], 由本研究中河豚毒素的膳食暴露为初筛的初评估, 目的在于引导消费者科学消费, 故忽略了其他不确定因素导致的影响。而要进行低毒性贝类中河豚毒素的膳食暴露的精确评估, 需要积累大量的基础数据。
本研究中包括白瓜子、蛤蜊、美洲帘蛤、西施舌、油蛤、花蛤、扇贝、菲律宾蛤、南沙贝、厚壳贻贝、泥蚶、牡蛎、毛蚶、青蛤、缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤、织纹螺、牡蛎和泥螺等19种贝类, 其中毛蚶、泥蚶、缢蛏、彩虹明樱蛤等共9批次贝类有检出, 但含量较低, 均为无毒级(无毒≤10 Mu/g, 10 Mu/g<弱毒≤100 Mu/g; 100 Mu/g<强毒≤1000 Mu/g; 剧毒>1000 Mu/g, 1 Mu的定义是能够在30 min内杀死一只20 g雄性ddy小鼠的毒素量, 为0.22 μg河豚毒素[31])。食用这些海洋贝类河豚毒素中毒风险较小, 无需过分担忧, 但根据风险评估模型, 不建议一次性食用3 kg以上。24批次织纹螺均有检出, 为无毒级和低毒级, 食用100 g就可能发生中毒反应, 对消费者健康有严重的威胁, 不建议日常食用, 同时呼吁监管部门加强监督力度。
  • 2022年海洋水产科学技术提升科研项目
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240819004
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
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2022年海洋水产科学技术提升科研项目
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    1.浙江省海洋水产研究所, 海洋生物毒素检验联合实验室, 舟山 316021
    2.舟山市公安刑事科学技术研究所, 舟山 316021

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*张小军(1982—), 男, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与质量安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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