Article(id=1153986782292071311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729094400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061488936, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061488936, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061488936, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061488936, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=180, endPage=186, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986783172875173, articleId=1153986782292071311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Detection of 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis technology, columnId=1153986783114154916, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Detection and Prevention of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop a rapid method for detecting Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis technology. Methods Specific multiplex PCR primers were designed using conserved pathogenic genes of 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens, and the products were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis imaging. By optimizing the PCR reaction and electrophoresis conditions, a multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis detection method was established. The specificity and sensitivity were studied as well. Results The specificity of the 5 pairs of primers was acceptable and no non-specific amplification occurred. The optimal primer concentration for multiplex PCR reaction was 0.2 μmol/L, and the optimal annealing temperature was 56.0 ℃. The optimal separation mode for capillary electrophoresis was AM900. The method had a high sensitivity, and the detection sensitivity could reach 5×10-3 ng/μL. Conclusion The multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis method for detecting 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens established in this study is simple for operation with high specificity and sensitivity, and can be very practical in detection of foodborne pathogens.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Wei FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-Wei FAN, Ying-Fei ZHU, Ping-Ping ZHAI, Zhong-Xu ZHAN, Xiao-Ye TANG, Yu-Xia CAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986800319189430, articleId=1153986782292071311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=多重聚合酶链式反应-毛细管电泳技术检测5种食源性致病菌, columnId=1153986783244178342, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:食源性病原微生物检测与防控, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 利用多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)-毛细管电泳技术, 构建一种快速检测沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌的方法。方法 针对5种食源性致病菌, 选择保守性较好的致病基因设计特异性多重PCR引物, 利用毛细管电泳成像分析多重PCR产物。通过对PCR及电泳条件进行优化, 建立5种食源性致病菌的多重PCR-毛细管电泳检测方法, 并对其特异性、灵敏度进行研究。结果 5对引物特异性良好, 均未出现非特异性扩增, 多重PCR最佳引物浓度为0.2 μmol/L, 最佳退火温度为56.0 ℃, 毛细管电泳最佳分离模式为AM900, 灵敏度较高, 检测灵敏度可达到5×10-3 ng/μL。结论 本研究建立的多重PCR-毛细管电泳方法用于检测5种食源性致病菌, 操作简便、特异性和灵敏度高, 在食源性致病菌检验中具有较好的实用价值。

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*范宏伟(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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Molecular and Cellular Probes, 2020, 49: 101477., articleTitle=Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli by a new multiplex PCR assay and capillary electrophoresis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369489933185218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=1, pageStart=2100335, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=33, authorNames=HE S, HUANG Y, MA Y, journalName=Biotechnology Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE S, HUANG Y, MA Y, et al. Detection of four foodborne pathogens based on magnetic separation multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis[J]. Biotechnology Journal, 2022, 17(1): 2100335., articleTitle=Detection of four foodborne pathogens based on magnetic separation multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369489983516867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=12, issue=21, pageStart=3895, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=34, authorNames=NDRAHA N, LIN HY, TSAI SK, journalName=Foods, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NDRAHA N, LIN HY, TSAI SK, et al. The Rapid Detection of Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus via polymerase chain reaction combined with magnetic beads and capillary electrophoresis[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(21): 3895., articleTitle=The Rapid Detection of Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus via polymerase chain reaction combined with magnetic beads and capillary electrophoresis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1174369487529848977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, awardId=GSJK202317, language=CN, fundingSource=江西省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(GSJK202317), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369483876610101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369483880804406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, companyId=1174369483876610101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Food Inspection and Testing Institute of Jiangxi General Institute for Testing and Certification, Nanchang 330200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369483884998711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, companyId=1174369483876610101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江西省检验检测认证总院食品检验检测研究院, 南昌 330200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369485994733684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=PCR and multiplex PCR testing, figureFileSmall=p2IihytGnmMxK+RVmZX/rw==, figureFileBig=S/2nHLEA15A58XLE4xVGfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369486099591286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单一及多重PCR检测

注: A. 泳道6的峰形图; B. 从上往下依次为沙门氏菌(1)、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 (2)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(3)、金黄色葡萄球菌(4)、副溶血性弧菌(5)、5种标准菌株混合(6和7)、size marker (DNA分子量标准)(8)。

, figureFileSmall=p2IihytGnmMxK+RVmZX/rw==, figureFileBig=S/2nHLEA15A58XLE4xVGfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369486204448888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Gel electrophoresis image of multiplex PCR products using different electrophoresis parameters, figureFileSmall=YRLx8Qi6DQQPgBdX/scNfw==, figureFileBig=zFpaMcLdXXgOR8T4L6OzQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369486296723577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=图2, caption=多重PCR产物在不同电泳参数下的凝胶电泳图

注: 从左往右依次为size marker (DNA分子量标准)、AM900、AM420、AM320、AL420和AH420分离模式的毛细管电泳图谱。

, figureFileSmall=YRLx8Qi6DQQPgBdX/scNfw==, figureFileBig=zFpaMcLdXXgOR8T4L6OzQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369486376415354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer information of multiple PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标菌 引物名称 引物序列(5’-3’) 产物大小/bp
沙门氏菌 Sal-invA-F
Sal-invA-R
ATGCGATTAAGGCGACAG 335
CAGGTGTTGTGAGCGTAA
大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 O157-rfbE-F
O157-rfbE-R
CGGTCCTAGTTAGAATTGAGA 302
TGAAGGTGGAATGGTTGTC
单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 LM-prfA-F
LM-prfA-R
CTGGTATTGGCGGTTACA 291
CGGTCGGAATATGCGTTA
金黄色葡萄球菌 SA-atl-F
SA-atl-R
GTAAGTGGACAGATGCTAAC 274
TTCGCTAATTGAGAAGTACC
副溶血性弧菌 VP-TDH-F
VP-TDH-R
GGATGACCGAAGTAGACAA 261
CACGACAGTTACGACAGT
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486510633083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

多重PCR引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标菌 引物名称 引物序列(5’-3’) 产物大小/bp
沙门氏菌 Sal-invA-F
Sal-invA-R
ATGCGATTAAGGCGACAG 335
CAGGTGTTGTGAGCGTAA
大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 O157-rfbE-F
O157-rfbE-R
CGGTCCTAGTTAGAATTGAGA 302
TGAAGGTGGAATGGTTGTC
单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 LM-prfA-F
LM-prfA-R
CTGGTATTGGCGGTTACA 291
CGGTCGGAATATGCGTTA
金黄色葡萄球菌 SA-atl-F
SA-atl-R
GTAAGTGGACAGATGCTAAC 274
TTCGCTAATTGAGAAGTACC
副溶血性弧菌 VP-TDH-F
VP-TDH-R
GGATGACCGAAGTAGACAA 261
CACGACAGTTACGACAGT
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486594519165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Capillary electrophoresis mode

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模式 吸取电压/kV 吸取时间/s 分离电压/kV 分离时间/s
AM900 2.0 20 3.5 900
AM420 5.0 10 5.0 420
AM320 5.0 10 6.0 320
AL420 8.0 20 5.0 420
AH420 2.0 20 5.0 420
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486674210942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

毛细管电泳模式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模式 吸取电压/kV 吸取时间/s 分离电压/kV 分离时间/s
AM900 2.0 20 3.5 900
AM420 5.0 10 5.0 420
AM320 5.0 10 6.0 320
AL420 8.0 20 5.0 420
AH420 2.0 20 5.0 420
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486728736896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mass concentration of amplified products using different primer concentrations (ng/μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产物DNA片段大小/bp 引物浓度
0.2 μmol/L 0.3 μmol/L 0.4 μmol/L 0.5 μmol/L 0.6 μmol/L 0.8 μmol/L
263 12.52±0.78 10.13±1.85 11.4±0.93 7.54±0.67 9.05±0.66 8.92±1.10
273 7.04±0.28 2.08±0.22 3.23±0.46 2.62±0.13 3.16±0.25 3.91±0.40
293 3.62±0.50 0.28±0.13 0.63±0.25 0.37±0.33 0.97±0.28 1.25±0.11
300 7.84±1.36 2.98±0.26 3.80±0.49 2.67±0.25 4.06±0.21 4.66±0.47
335 10.61±0.85 4.71±0.74 8.58±1.59 5.00±0.44 5.59±0.67 5.86±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486808428674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

采用不同引物浓度扩增后的产物质量浓度(ng/μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产物DNA片段大小/bp 引物浓度
0.2 μmol/L 0.3 μmol/L 0.4 μmol/L 0.5 μmol/L 0.6 μmol/L 0.8 μmol/L
263 12.52±0.78 10.13±1.85 11.4±0.93 7.54±0.67 9.05±0.66 8.92±1.10
273 7.04±0.28 2.08±0.22 3.23±0.46 2.62±0.13 3.16±0.25 3.91±0.40
293 3.62±0.50 0.28±0.13 0.63±0.25 0.37±0.33 0.97±0.28 1.25±0.11
300 7.84±1.36 2.98±0.26 3.80±0.49 2.67±0.25 4.06±0.21 4.66±0.47
335 10.61±0.85 4.71±0.74 8.58±1.59 5.00±0.44 5.59±0.67 5.86±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486883926148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mass concentration of amplified products using different annealing temperatures (ng/μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产物DNA片段大小/bp 退火温度
50.0 ℃ 50.7 ℃ 52.0 ℃ 53.9 ℃ 56.3 ℃ 58.3 ℃ 59.8 ℃ 60.0 ℃
263 6.83±0.62 6.76±0.61 6.80±0.41 6.32±0.89 8.00±0.71 6.68±0.19 9.17±1.73 6.71±0.78
273 1.41±0.17 1.53±0.18 1.72±0.15 1.95±0.17 2.90±0.29 2.63±0.29 2.89±0.33 2.91±0.41
293 1.22±0.10 1.35±0.15 1.21±0.14 0.63±0.71 0.83±0.61 - - -
300 2.01±0.15 1.93±0.37 2.54±0.14 2.39±0.37 3.68±0.16 3.06±0.09 2.95±0.50 4.01±0.29
335 3.70±0.25 3.74±0.19 3.43±0.30 4.61±0.41 6.85±1.40 4.33±0.51 4.96±0.54 6.43±0.62
), ArticleFig(id=1174369486980395142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

采用不同退火温度扩增后的产物质量浓度(ng/μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产物DNA片段大小/bp 退火温度
50.0 ℃ 50.7 ℃ 52.0 ℃ 53.9 ℃ 56.3 ℃ 58.3 ℃ 59.8 ℃ 60.0 ℃
263 6.83±0.62 6.76±0.61 6.80±0.41 6.32±0.89 8.00±0.71 6.68±0.19 9.17±1.73 6.71±0.78
273 1.41±0.17 1.53±0.18 1.72±0.15 1.95±0.17 2.90±0.29 2.63±0.29 2.89±0.33 2.91±0.41
293 1.22±0.10 1.35±0.15 1.21±0.14 0.63±0.71 0.83±0.61 - - -
300 2.01±0.15 1.93±0.37 2.54±0.14 2.39±0.37 3.68±0.16 3.06±0.09 2.95±0.50 4.01±0.29
335 3.70±0.25 3.74±0.19 3.43±0.30 4.61±0.41 6.85±1.40 4.33±0.51 4.96±0.54 6.43±0.62
), ArticleFig(id=1174369487064281224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Product mass concentration in sensitivity testing (ng/μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产物DNA片段大小/bp 模板质量浓度
5 ng/μL 5×10-1 ng/μL 5×10-2 ng/μL 5×10-3 ng/μL 5×10-4 ng/μL 5×10-5 ng/μL
263 5.73±0.33 3.37±0.38 2.04±0.52 1.34±0.27 0.60±0.15 -
273 2.70±0.29 1.57±0.10 0.92±0.18 0.50±0.31 - -
293 1.58±0.15 0.96±0.14 0.81±0.28 0.26±0.26 - -
300 3.52±0.56 2.34±0.17 2.30±0.67 1.28±0.23 0.55±0.25 -
335 6.06±0.91 4.11±0.26 2.98±0.19 1.13±0.10 0.65±0.38 -
), ArticleFig(id=1174369487148167306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

灵敏度测试中的产物质量浓度(ng/μL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产物DNA片段大小/bp 模板质量浓度
5 ng/μL 5×10-1 ng/μL 5×10-2 ng/μL 5×10-3 ng/μL 5×10-4 ng/μL 5×10-5 ng/μL
263 5.73±0.33 3.37±0.38 2.04±0.52 1.34±0.27 0.60±0.15 -
273 2.70±0.29 1.57±0.10 0.92±0.18 0.50±0.31 - -
293 1.58±0.15 0.96±0.14 0.81±0.28 0.26±0.26 - -
300 3.52±0.56 2.34±0.17 2.30±0.67 1.28±0.23 0.55±0.25 -
335 6.06±0.91 4.11±0.26 2.98±0.19 1.13±0.10 0.65±0.38 -
), ArticleFig(id=1174369487269802124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Specificity testing results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种名称 野生菌株数 标准菌株数 特异性扩增菌株数/总实验菌株数
目标菌 沙门氏菌 19 1 20/20
大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 2 1 3/3
单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 2 1 3/3
金黄色葡萄球菌 1 1 2/2
副溶血性弧菌 1 1 2/2
非目标菌 奇异变形杆菌 - 1 0/1
大肠埃希氏菌 - 1 0/1
英诺克李斯特氏菌 - 1 0/1
表皮葡萄球菌 - 1 0/1
创伤弧菌 - 1 0/1
), ArticleFig(id=1174369487391436942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986782292071311, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

特异性实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种名称 野生菌株数 标准菌株数 特异性扩增菌株数/总实验菌株数
目标菌 沙门氏菌 19 1 20/20
大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 2 1 3/3
单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 2 1 3/3
金黄色葡萄球菌 1 1 2/2
副溶血性弧菌 1 1 2/2
非目标菌 奇异变形杆菌 - 1 0/1
大肠埃希氏菌 - 1 0/1
英诺克李斯特氏菌 - 1 0/1
表皮葡萄球菌 - 1 0/1
创伤弧菌 - 1 0/1
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多重聚合酶链式反应-毛细管电泳技术检测5种食源性致病菌
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范宏伟 * , 朱应飞 , 翟平平 , 占忠旭 , 唐小叶 , 蔡玉霞
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食源性病原微生物检测与防控 2025,16(1): 180-186
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:食源性病原微生物检测与防控 2025, 16(1): 180-186
多重聚合酶链式反应-毛细管电泳技术检测5种食源性致病菌
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范宏伟* , 朱应飞, 翟平平, 占忠旭, 唐小叶, 蔡玉霞
作者信息
  • 江西省检验检测认证总院食品检验检测研究院, 南昌 330200
  • 范宏伟(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*范宏伟(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Detection of 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis technology
Hong-Wei FAN* , Ying-Fei ZHU, Ping-Ping ZHAI, Zhong-Xu ZHAN, Xiao-Ye TANG, Yu-Xia CAI
Affiliations
  • Food Inspection and Testing Institute of Jiangxi General Institute for Testing and Certification, Nanchang 330200, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017003
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目的 利用多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)-毛细管电泳技术, 构建一种快速检测沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌的方法。方法 针对5种食源性致病菌, 选择保守性较好的致病基因设计特异性多重PCR引物, 利用毛细管电泳成像分析多重PCR产物。通过对PCR及电泳条件进行优化, 建立5种食源性致病菌的多重PCR-毛细管电泳检测方法, 并对其特异性、灵敏度进行研究。结果 5对引物特异性良好, 均未出现非特异性扩增, 多重PCR最佳引物浓度为0.2 μmol/L, 最佳退火温度为56.0 ℃, 毛细管电泳最佳分离模式为AM900, 灵敏度较高, 检测灵敏度可达到5×10-3 ng/μL。结论 本研究建立的多重PCR-毛细管电泳方法用于检测5种食源性致病菌, 操作简便、特异性和灵敏度高, 在食源性致病菌检验中具有较好的实用价值。

多重聚合酶链式反应  /  毛细管电泳  /  食源性致病菌  /  检测方法

Objective To develop a rapid method for detecting Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis technology. Methods Specific multiplex PCR primers were designed using conserved pathogenic genes of 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens, and the products were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis imaging. By optimizing the PCR reaction and electrophoresis conditions, a multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis detection method was established. The specificity and sensitivity were studied as well. Results The specificity of the 5 pairs of primers was acceptable and no non-specific amplification occurred. The optimal primer concentration for multiplex PCR reaction was 0.2 μmol/L, and the optimal annealing temperature was 56.0 ℃. The optimal separation mode for capillary electrophoresis was AM900. The method had a high sensitivity, and the detection sensitivity could reach 5×10-3 ng/μL. Conclusion The multiplex PCR capillary electrophoresis method for detecting 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens established in this study is simple for operation with high specificity and sensitivity, and can be very practical in detection of foodborne pathogens.

multiplex polymerase chain reaction  /  capillary electrophoresis  /  foodborne pathogens  /  detection method
范宏伟, 朱应飞, 翟平平, 占忠旭, 唐小叶, 蔡玉霞. 多重聚合酶链式反应-毛细管电泳技术检测5种食源性致病菌. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 180 -186 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017003
Hong-Wei FAN, Ying-Fei ZHU, Ping-Ping ZHAI, Zhong-Xu ZHAN, Xiao-Ye TANG, Yu-Xia CAI. Detection of 5 kinds of foodborne pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis technology[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 180 -186 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017003
目前共发现超过200种食源性疾病, 这些疾病对人类造成了难以估量的危害[1]。食源性致病菌是引起食源性疾病的重要因素之一, 其潜在的食品安全隐患不容忽视。在食源性致病菌检测方法中, 传统培养检测方法具有便于操作、成本较低及可分离单菌落用于后续实验等优点, 仍是主流检验方法[2]。然而, 传统培养方法也存在实验周期过长、分辨力及灵敏度低、部分菌株难分离导致假阴性等问题[3-6]
多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术速度快、灵敏度高, 适用人工无法培养或者培养难度较大的微生物检测[7]。多重PCR是PCR的一种变体, 可以利用多对引物在同一反应中扩增多个目标序列, 不仅提升了检测效率, 同时还可以为实验室节省大量成本[8-9]。随着生物技术的快速发展, 多重PCR已广泛应用于病原微生物检测, 并取得了比较好的成效[10-13]。优化多重PCR的反应条件, 如引物浓度、退火温度等, 对实验非常重要, 条件优化不足会导致包括灵敏度、特异性差, 以及某些特定靶标的优先扩增等问题[14]。另外, 多重PCR中存在多对引物容易形成引物二聚体, 或者增加获得非特异性扩增产物的可能, 因此引物设计也是关键步骤[15]
由于多重PCR技术依赖于凝胶电泳成像, 普通的琼脂糖凝胶电泳在DNA条带的分辨率以及灵敏度上, 都受到了比较大的限制, 很大程度上影响了多重PCR高通量检测的实现[16]。毛细管电泳是使用毛细管作为分离通道, 依据样品中各组分之间淌度和分配行为上的差异而实现分离的电泳分离技术[17], 可以使多重PCR产物的电泳分离, 与高效液相色谱处于同一水平, 具有快速、自动分析多个样本、准确定量和提升可重复性等优势[18-19]。本研究利用多重PCR结合毛细管电泳技术, 以沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌共5种我国常见的食源性致病菌作为目标菌种, 建立一种快速准确的多重PCR-毛细管电泳检测方法, 以提升食源性致病菌的检测效率。
标准菌株共10株: 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(菌种编号: ATCC14028)、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 (菌种编号: NCTC12900)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(菌种编号: ATCC19115)、金黄色葡萄球菌(菌种编号: ATCC6538)、副溶血性弧菌(菌种编号: ATCC17802)、奇异变形杆菌(菌种编号: CMCC49005)、大肠埃希氏菌(菌种编号: ATCC25922)、英诺克李斯特氏菌(菌种编号: ATCC33090)、表皮葡萄球菌(菌种编号: CMCC26069)、创伤弧菌(菌种编号: ATCC27562)。
野生株共25株, 均分离自食品样品: 沙门氏菌19株(菌种编号: Sal01-Sal19)、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 2株(菌种编号: O15701-O15702)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌2株(菌种编号: LM01-02)、金黄色葡萄球菌1株(菌种编号: SA01)、副溶血性弧菌1株(菌种编号: VP01)(江西省检验检测认证总院食品检测检测研究院)。
2×PCR Mix、细菌全基因提取试剂盒(宝日医生物技术有限公司); QIAxcel DNA、高分辨率试剂盒(德国凯杰公司)。
Scandrop超微量核酸蛋白分析仪(德国耶拿公司); C1000touch PCR仪(美国伯乐生物公司); QIAxcel Advanced全自动核酸蛋白分析仪、QIAxcel ScreenGel Version 2.1分析软件(德国凯杰公司)。
基于美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI)收录的沙门氏菌invA基因(登录号NC_003197.2)、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7 rfbE基因(登录号AE005174.2)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌prfA基因(登录号NC_003210.1)、金黄色葡萄球菌atl基因(登录号KC834397.1)、副溶血性弧菌TDH基因(登录号NC_004605.1), 使用Primer Premier 5软件设计5对多重PCR引物(表1), 并使用Oligo 6软件进行引物分析。委托上海生工进行引物合成, 分别使用无酶水稀释至100 μmol/L后, 将10种引物溶液等比例混合, 获得各引物浓度均为10 μmol/L的引物预混液。
按照细菌全基因提取试剂盒操作说明进行DNA提取, 使用核酸蛋白分析仪对提取DNA的浓度和纯度进行测试后, 将核酸置于-20 ℃条件下保存备用。
以5种目标菌基因组DNA为模板, 分别利用5对特异性引物对模板进行单一PCR扩增检测; 以5种目标菌基因组DNA等比例混合液为模板, 利用引物预混液(10 μmol/L)对模板进行多重PCR检测。PCR反应体系为25 μL: 1 μL模板DNA, 1 μL引物(10 μmol/L), 12.5 μL 2×PCR Mix, 无酶水补足至25 μL。反应条件为: 94 ℃变性30 s, 55 ℃退火45 s; 72 ℃延伸45 s, 反应35个循环; 最后72 ℃延伸10 min, 4 ℃保存。产物通过毛细管凝胶电泳, 采用3.5 kV电压进行分离, 并利用QIAxcel ScreenGel Version 2.1软件生成电泳图和峰形图。
对多重PCR反应的引物浓度和退火温度以这2个关键参数进行测试, 在25 μL多重PCR体系中加入0.50、0.75、1.00、1.25、1.50、2.00 μL的10 μmol/L引物预混液, 从而研究0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.8 μmol/L共6个不同引物浓度对反应的影响; 采用温度梯度PCR, 对50.0、50.7、52.0、53.9、56.3、58.3、59.4、60.0 ℃共8个退火温度进行测试。每个参数重复3次实验, 数据利用QIAxcel ScreenGel Version 2.1软件, 通过比较已知DNA浓度marker (DNA分子量标准)与目标DNA条带的峰面积, 计算出目标扩增产物的浓度, 从而确定最佳多重PCR及毛细管凝胶电泳的反应条件。
对毛细管电泳的分离电压参数进行测试, 采用表2中5种不同的电泳模式, 研究毛细管电泳条件对成像的影响。
分别将提取的沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌5种标准菌株的DNA溶液用无酶水稀释至250 ng/μL的质量浓度, 等比例混合后, 获得单组份为50 ng/μL的DNA模板预混液, 再按10倍梯度稀释6次至5×10-5 ng/μL, 最终获得5~5×10-5 ng/μL共计6个梯度浓度的DNA溶液作为模板进行灵敏度测试, 实验重复3次。
将提取的奇异变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、英诺克李斯特氏菌、表皮葡萄球菌和创伤弧菌共计5株非目标标准菌株、5种目标菌共计25株野生株的DNA作为模板, 采用5种目标菌的标准菌株作为阳性对照, 无酶水作为阴性对照, 对方法的特异性进行评估。
采用QIAxcel ScreenGel分析软件对DNA图谱进行数据采集和数据分析, 条件优化及灵敏度实验重复3次, 实验数据以“平均数±标准偏差”表示。采用Excel 2021进行表格绘制。
单一及多重PCR产物的毛细管凝胶电泳结果见图1。结果表明, 沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌分别在335、302、291、274、261 bp左右均出现扩增条带, 5对引物之间未出现交叉反应, 均在图谱中对应位置有明显清晰的扩增条带, 引物之间无交叉反应, 无其他扩增条带。本研究中设计的条带长度最小差异为11 bp, 结果表明本研究使用的毛细管电泳技术的分辨率可以满足需求。
不同引物浓度进行多重PCR扩增均能够获取清晰的DNA条带。从表3可以看出, 通过计算条带的DNA浓度, 5种扩增产物均在引物浓度为0.2 μmol/L时达到最高浓度。因此, 本研究在后续实验中选择0.2 μmol/L的引物浓度。
不同退火温度的多重PCR扩增结果如表4所示, 退火温度在50.0~56.3 ℃之间时, 5种PCR产物均能够获得清晰的DNA条带, 且在56.3 ℃时, 扩增效率最优。但当退火温度大于等于58.3 ℃时, 多重PCR扩增无法获得293 bp长度的产物。因此, 考虑到引物本身所需的退火温度以及避免引物二聚体的形成, 本研究的PCR反应体系中选择退火温度为56.0 ℃。
5种毛细管电泳分离模式的结果如图2所示, AM900模式下, 扩增产物均能产生清晰的电泳条带, 分离效果最佳, 而其他4种分离模式的电泳图谱均出现不同程度的拖带、分离不佳的情况, 且293 bp和300 bp的产物均无法在这4种模式下分离, 因此, 选取AM900作为本研究的毛细管电泳参数。
灵敏度检测结果如表5所示, 6个梯度模板质量浓度在5~5×10-3 ng/μL的浓度范围内进行多重PCR扩增, 均能稳定获得清晰可分辨的产物条带, 而在模板质量浓度小于等于5×10-4 ng/μL时, 无法有效扩增出部分或全部目标产物条带。因此, 该多重PCR-毛细管电泳方法的检测灵敏度为5×10-3 ng/μL。
特异性实验结果见表6, 25株目标野生菌株和5株阳性对照菌株均在目标位置扩增出有效条带, 且未出现非特异性条带, 5株非目标菌株和阴性对照均未出现扩增产物条带, 无交叉反应, 实验结果表明本方法具有较好的特异性。
食源性致病菌的传统培养检测方法主要利用其在培养基上生长并形成可见菌落的能力, 并通过菌落特征及单菌落生化特征等方式进一步进行鉴定[20]。然而部分致病菌在食品生产过程中, 由于干燥、低温、pH变化、高渗等外界不利因素影响, 进入了活的非可培养(viable but non- culturable, VBNC)状态, 即无法在常规培养条件下快速增殖, 使用传统培养方法进行检测时, 易导致假阴性结果[21-22]。许多研究表明[23-26], 作为一种独特的生存策略, 大部分食源性致病菌都能够进入VBNC状态, 尤其是非产芽孢的细菌, 这对传统培养检测方法提出了挑战。目前, 2024年8月实施的GB 4789.4—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》中, 已经增加了对乳粉中由于干燥因素而进入VBNC状态的沙门氏菌进行复苏的步骤, 从而使其恢复可培养性。然而食品基质复杂、工艺多变, 难以全方面解决各种因素导致的VBNC假阴性问题[27]
利用多重PCR-毛细管电泳等分子生物学技术, 对不同样品基质和不同致病菌进行快速检测, 包括VBNC的检测, 都有一定的研究和应用。REZA等[28]同时采用多重PCR方法和传统培养方法对城市配水管网获取的36个水样进行了4种大肠菌群的检测, 研究发现传统培养方法无法从这些水样中分离出大肠菌群, 而多重PCR共检出4个阳性水样, 说明在检测受消毒剂影响而进入VBNC状态的大肠菌群时, 多重PCR方法有明显优势。LEI等[29]采用多重PCR方法和传统方法同时检测了肉制品、水产品和即食食品中的6种食源性致病菌, 结果表明多重PCR方法的整体阳性率要高于传统培养方法(60.1%对34.5%, n=278), 其中副溶血性弧菌的阳性率远远高于传统培养方法(71.0%对20.7%, n=145), 表明多重PCR在部分食源性致病菌的检测上准确率和灵敏度更高。ZHANG等[30]构建了一种多重PCR-毛细管电泳检测方法, 可以快速检测5类致泻大肠埃希氏菌的9个目标致病基因, 并验证了该方法的毛细管电泳可以轻松地分辨条带长度差异最小仅为14 bp的DNA产物, 灵敏度可达5×103 copies。本研究中设计的条带长度最小差异为11 bp, 经验证该电泳技术也能很好的进行分辨, 灵敏度经换算约为1×103 copies, 与ZHANG等[30]的研究结果相印证, 说明毛细管电泳方法相对琼脂糖电泳方法, 更为灵敏和稳定, 更加适合多重PCR产物的分析。
多重PCR-毛细管电泳的检测方法还可以结合一些其他技术, 进一步提升检测效率。HE等[31]利用磁性纳米碳点(magnetic nano carbon dots, Mag-Cds)技术结合多重PCR-毛细管电泳, 构建了一种同时检测4种食源性致病菌的方法, 利用Mag-Cds捕获样品中的菌体, 将多重PCR-毛细管电泳的灵敏度提升至10-5~10-7 ng/μL。NDRAHA等[32]采用免疫磁珠进行DNA提取纯化后, 再使用多重PCR-毛细管电泳对3种食源性致病菌进行检测, 其检测沙门氏菌时的检出限可达7.3×101 CFU/g。
本研究建立了一种可同时对沙门氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌进行检测的多重PCR-毛细管电泳检测方法。该方法经优化后, 最佳引物浓度为0.2 μmol/L, 最佳退火温度为56.0 ℃, 检测灵敏度可达5×10-3 ng/μL, 且特异性良好, 可以满足日常检测需求。该方法耗时短、操作简便, 可为实验室节省大量时间和人力成本, 还可以通过结合如Mag-Cds等技术提升检测效率, 在食源性致病菌检测中有较好的应用前景。
  • 江西省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(GSJK202317)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017003
  • 接收时间:2024-10-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17
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江西省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(GSJK202317)
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    江西省检验检测认证总院食品检验检测研究院, 南昌 330200

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*范宏伟(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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