Article(id=1153986781063143961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241009006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728403200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061488642, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061488642, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061488642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061488642, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1757901302572, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=275, endPage=283, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986781562266139, articleId=1153986781063143961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of drought synergistic shading on the flavor and aroma of black tea and white tea, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of shading and drought on the quality of black tea and white tea in summer and autumn. Methods Light fermented white tea and heavy fermented black tea were processed through multiple experimental settings of shade, drought, and a combination of shade and drought. The 4 groups of black tea and white tea samples were evaluated for sensory quality. Additionally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technologies were employed to conduct a comparative analysis of quality components and taste components. Results Shading combined with drought treatment increased the levels of water extracts, free amino acids, umami amino acids such as theanine, sweet amino acids like threonine, alcohols, thereby significantly enhanced the fresh taste of the tea (P<0.05). Concurrently, in black tea, the concentrations of bitter amino acids such as valine, tea polyphenols, catechins were reduced, leading to a marked decrease in the bitterness and astringency of summer and autumn tea (P<0.05). Aroma testing revealed a total of 98 substances in black tea, with alcohols being the most prevalent. The concentration in the shade plus drought group was significantly higher than the drought group (P<0.05). In white tea, 85 substances were identified, with alcohols comprising the largest proportion. Conclusion The findings of this study offer new insights for the production of black and white tea under extreme summer and autumn weather conditions. This approach not only effectively mitigates the bitterness of summer and autumn tea but also enhances the utilization rate of fresh leaves, providing crucial guidance for tea garden production management.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xin-Yu PENG, Chen-Yu SHAO, Xin LI, Zi-Qi CHEN, You LI, Jun-Jie LIU, Jie LIU, Cheng-Wen SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Cheng-Wen SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986815229944142, articleId=1153986781063143961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=干旱协同遮阴对红茶和白茶滋味香气的影响, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究遮阴协同干旱对夏秋季红茶和白茶品质的影响。方法 本研究通过对遮阴、干旱和遮阴加干旱的多组实验设置, 加工得轻发酵的白茶与重发酵的红茶。本研究分别对4组红茶、白茶茶样进行感官品质评价, 利用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HS-SPME- GC-MS)对品质成分和滋味组分进行比较分析。结果 遮阴协同干旱处理提升了水浸出物、游离氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸如茶氨酸、甜味氨基酸如苏氨酸、醇类等的含量, 从而显著提升了茶叶的鲜爽味(P<0.05)。同时, 在红茶中, 降低了缬氨酸等苦味氨基酸, 茶多酚、儿茶素的含量, 显著降低了夏秋茶的苦涩味(P<0.05)。香气检测中发现, 在红茶中共检测到98个物质, 其中醇类含量最高, 遮阴加干旱组显著高于干旱组(P<0.05)。在白茶中共检测到85个物质, 其中醇类占比最高。结论 本研究结果为夏秋季极端天气条件下生产红茶与白茶提供了新思路, 不仅有效改善夏秋茶的苦涩味, 还可以提升鲜叶利用率, 对茶园生产管理也具有重要指导意义。

, authors=

彭心雨(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为茶叶品质化学与加工方向研究。E-mail:

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*沈程文(1969—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为茶叶生物学、品质化学与加工方向研究。E-mail:
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[2024-09-02]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2206.TS.20240830.1546.002.html, articleTitle=金牡丹不同茶类夏秋茶香气品质差异分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369974874419319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2206.TS.20240830.1546.002.html, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=TANG MT, LIAO XS, WU XS, journalName=Food Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG MT, LIAO XS, WU XS, et al. Analysis of differences in aroma quality of summer and autumn tea of different tea types of golden peony[J]. Food Science, 1-14. [2024-09-02]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2206.TS.20240830.1546.002.html, articleTitle=Analysis of differences in aroma quality of summer and autumn tea of different tea types of golden peony, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369974924750968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/46.1068.S.20230626.1635.014.html, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=肖黄巧, 邵明宇, 石玉玲, journalName=分子植物育种, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖黄巧, 邵明宇, 石玉玲, 等. 高温干旱条件下生长调节剂对茶叶生长的影响[J/OL]. 分子植物育种, 1-13. 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Tea Science, 2021, 41(3): 393-405., articleTitle=Effects of red light withering on volatile components of tea and quality of finished black tea, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1174369974245273706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, awardId=2022SFQ48, language=CN, fundingSource=郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项(2022SFQ48), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174369974316576875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, awardId=2022YFD1600801, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600801), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174369974379491436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, awardId=2021NK1020, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省科技创新重大项目(2021NK1020), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1174369974434017389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, awardId=湘农函[2024]98号, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(湘农函[2024]98号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369968218058761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369968226447370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, companyId=1174369968218058761, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369968230641675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, companyId=1174369968218058761, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室, 国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心, 植物功能成分利用省部共建协同创新中心, 农业农村部园艺作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室, 长沙 410128)]), AuthorCompany(id=1174369968280973324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369968289361933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, companyId=1174369968280973324, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Hunan Caiyungu Tea Co., Ltd., Yiyang 413506, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369968293556238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, companyId=1174369968280973324, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖南省彩云谷茶叶有限公司, 益阳 413506)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369972290728020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Image review for sensory quality of the 4 groups of different treatment into tea, figureFileSmall=67y9Png0eY8zUVD/nC/qmw==, figureFileBig=Jx60hAXb+Tl3iorTDw7S6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369972508831831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4组不同处理成品茶感官品质审评图片

注: A. 红茶; B. 白茶。

, figureFileSmall=67y9Png0eY8zUVD/nC/qmw==, figureFileBig=Jx60hAXb+Tl3iorTDw7S6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369972609495128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Distribution of non-volatile components, figureFileSmall=NL7FIMsbs7m1yrAaE8JCdg==, figureFileBig=JRRJHFwyOEYPP38fKMgh5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369972705964121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=图2, caption=非挥发性成分的分布情况

注: WT: 白茶; BT: 红茶。

, figureFileSmall=NL7FIMsbs7m1yrAaE8JCdg==, figureFileBig=JRRJHFwyOEYPP38fKMgh5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369972852764762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=PCA scores of taste components for different treatment groups of black tea (A) and white tea (B), figureFileSmall=rybel7y3WHWk+wobkKdbSQ==, figureFileBig=T3T2Fy1jr/sr2ytTM7CrSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369972928262235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理组红茶(A)、白茶(B)的滋味组分PCA得分图, figureFileSmall=rybel7y3WHWk+wobkKdbSQ==, figureFileBig=T3T2Fy1jr/sr2ytTM7CrSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369973028925532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=PLS-DA score and displacement verification chart of taste components for different treatment groups of black tea (A, B) and white tea (C, D), figureFileSmall=tcWaNHmHGj4vLaA/egdJXQ==, figureFileBig=HMSRCSbNCWA4B3agWBUGTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369973091840093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理组红茶(A、B)、白茶(C、D)的滋味组分PLS-DA得分图及置换验证图, figureFileSmall=tcWaNHmHGj4vLaA/egdJXQ==, figureFileBig=HMSRCSbNCWA4B3agWBUGTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369973146366046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of sensory evaluation of tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种 茶样 外形 汤色 香气 滋味 叶底 总分
描述 分数 描述 分数 描述 分数 描述 分数 描述 分数
红茶 CK 条索紧结有金毫 90.2±0.2 橙红明亮 90.9±0.3 嫩甜香 91.2±0.3 鲜醇 92.4±0.3 肥嫩 91.2±0.3 91.2±0.2
D 条索较紧结 84.8±0.3 尚红明亮 88.6±0.4 甜纯 89.1±0.4 鲜醇尚浓 90.3±0.3 嫩软 88.6±0.4 88.3±0.3
S 条索紧结显金毫 92.5±0.3 橙红明亮 92.1±0.3 甜香 90.2±0.4 鲜醇 92.7±0.3 肥嫩多芽 91.6±0.2 91.8±0.3
D+S 条索紧结显金毫 92.4±0.3 橙红明亮 92.7±0.2 花香、嫩香 91.8±0.2 鲜醇带
花香
93.4±0.4 嫩软 88.9±0.2 91.8±0.2
白茶 CK 芽较瘦小
匀净
91.3±0.2 尚绿黄
明亮
90.8±0.3 嫩香 91.7±0.1 醇厚较
鲜爽
90.6±0.1 尚软嫩
匀齐
89.4±0.2 90.8±0.2
D 芽较瘦小尚匀净 88.7±0.3 尚绿黄
明亮
90.4±0.2 清香 89.4±0.4 醇厚较
鲜爽
90.2±0.3 尚软嫩
匀齐
90.3±0.2 89.8±0.3
S 芽毫肥壮白毫显匀净 94.9±0.1 嫩黄明亮 94.2±0.3 清香 90.1±0.4 鲜爽醇厚 91.9±0.3 软嫩匀齐 91.3±0.2 92.5±0.3
D+S 芽毫肥壮白毫显匀净 94.4±0.2 嫩黄明亮 92.7±0.3 嫩香 92.3±0.2 鲜爽醇厚 91.6±0.3 软嫩匀齐 91.9±0.2 92.6±0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369973221863519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

茶叶感官审评结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种 茶样 外形 汤色 香气 滋味 叶底 总分
描述 分数 描述 分数 描述 分数 描述 分数 描述 分数
红茶 CK 条索紧结有金毫 90.2±0.2 橙红明亮 90.9±0.3 嫩甜香 91.2±0.3 鲜醇 92.4±0.3 肥嫩 91.2±0.3 91.2±0.2
D 条索较紧结 84.8±0.3 尚红明亮 88.6±0.4 甜纯 89.1±0.4 鲜醇尚浓 90.3±0.3 嫩软 88.6±0.4 88.3±0.3
S 条索紧结显金毫 92.5±0.3 橙红明亮 92.1±0.3 甜香 90.2±0.4 鲜醇 92.7±0.3 肥嫩多芽 91.6±0.2 91.8±0.3
D+S 条索紧结显金毫 92.4±0.3 橙红明亮 92.7±0.2 花香、嫩香 91.8±0.2 鲜醇带
花香
93.4±0.4 嫩软 88.9±0.2 91.8±0.2
白茶 CK 芽较瘦小
匀净
91.3±0.2 尚绿黄
明亮
90.8±0.3 嫩香 91.7±0.1 醇厚较
鲜爽
90.6±0.1 尚软嫩
匀齐
89.4±0.2 90.8±0.2
D 芽较瘦小尚匀净 88.7±0.3 尚绿黄
明亮
90.4±0.2 清香 89.4±0.4 醇厚较
鲜爽
90.2±0.3 尚软嫩
匀齐
90.3±0.2 89.8±0.3
S 芽毫肥壮白毫显匀净 94.9±0.1 嫩黄明亮 94.2±0.3 清香 90.1±0.4 鲜爽醇厚 91.9±0.3 软嫩匀齐 91.3±0.2 92.5±0.3
D+S 芽毫肥壮白毫显匀净 94.4±0.2 嫩黄明亮 92.7±0.3 嫩香 92.3±0.2 鲜爽醇厚 91.6±0.3 软嫩匀齐 91.9±0.2 92.6±0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1174369973330915424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Content of biochemical components in tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生化成分 红茶 白茶
CK D S D+S CK D S D+S
水浸出率/% 41.85±0.42c 40.42±0.34d 44.65±0.47b 45.28±0.23a 41.59±0.37c 40.54±0.49d 43.35±0.37b 44.06±0.26a
游离氨基酸/(mg/g) 14.50±0.46d 17.17±0.39c 22.10±0.24b 26.03±0.40a 30.23±0.35c 26.53±0.28d 34.50±0.32b 45.07±0.33a
茶多酚/(mg/g) 165.32±3.62a 115.13±4.23d 147.57±3.84b 127.63±3.31c 142.24±3.74c 136.96±3.86d 164.88±4.38a 154.48±4.37b
可溶性糖/(mg/g) 55.03±0.52a 46.93±0.42b 43.23±0.39c 43.40±0.31c 43.00±0.41b 40.50±0.42c 38.43±0.45d 45.17±0.33a
黄酮/(mg/g) 7.38±0.10a 6.28±0.13b 4.69±0.06c 4.07±0.06d 8.11±0.10b 8.36±0.14a 5.27±0.07d 5.46±0.02c
可可碱/(mg/g) 0.52±0.02d 0.67±0.02c 1.22±0.02b 1.37±0.02a 0.23±0.02d 0.25±0.02c 0.29±0.02b 0.37±0.02a
没食子酸/(mg/g) 2.18±0.02a 1.98±0.02c 2.08±0.03b 2.05±0.02b 1.28±0.03a 1.11±0.04b 0.98±0.03c 0.78±0.02d
茶碱/(mg/g) 0.06±0.01b 0.06±0.01b 0.12±0.01a 0.12±0.01a 0.14±0.02c 0.15±0.01bc 0.17±0.01a 0.16±0.01ab
咖啡碱/(mg/g) 26.24±0.52b 25.98±0.37c 41.28±0.43a 41.09±0.68a 27.80±0.45d 29.49±0.44c 37.28±0.42a 35.40±0.59b
EGC/(mg/g) 2.16±0.05bc 2.34±0.05a 2.24±0.07ab 2.23±0.01ab 4.11±0.01d 5.10±0.02ab 5.18±0.02a 4.77±0.02c
DL-C/(mg/g) 1.03±0.00b 1.25±0.01a 0.76±0.01c 0.56±0.01d 1.14±0.01c 0.74±0.01d 1.58±0.01b 1.67±0.01a
EC/(mg/g) 0.68±0.01c 0.45±0.01d 10.20±0.01a 9.61±0.01b 1.04±0.01b 1.07±0.01a 0.25±0.01c 0.20±0.00d
EGCG/(mg/g) 8.15±0.13a 7.22±0.11b 3.96±0.10c 3.07±0.09d 30.80±0.11d 32.03±0.09c 52.53±0.11a 50.37±0.11b
GCG/(mg/g) 0.65±0.00a 0.66±0.00a 0.20±0.01b 0.15±0.00c 0.64±0.01a 0.50±0.00b 0.10±0.01c 0.05±0.00d
ECG/(mg/g) 10.81±0.11a 7.09±0.11b 6.77±0.11c 3.82±0.12d 17.96±0.13a 15.54±0.12c 17.40±0.11b 14.69±0.10d
儿茶素总量/(mg/g) 23.47±0.55ab 19.01±0.48cd 24.14±0.44a 19.44±0.47c 55.68±0.53c 54.99±0.43cd 77.04±0.41a 71.75±0.40b
), ArticleFig(id=1174369973507076195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

茶叶生化成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生化成分 红茶 白茶
CK D S D+S CK D S D+S
水浸出率/% 41.85±0.42c 40.42±0.34d 44.65±0.47b 45.28±0.23a 41.59±0.37c 40.54±0.49d 43.35±0.37b 44.06±0.26a
游离氨基酸/(mg/g) 14.50±0.46d 17.17±0.39c 22.10±0.24b 26.03±0.40a 30.23±0.35c 26.53±0.28d 34.50±0.32b 45.07±0.33a
茶多酚/(mg/g) 165.32±3.62a 115.13±4.23d 147.57±3.84b 127.63±3.31c 142.24±3.74c 136.96±3.86d 164.88±4.38a 154.48±4.37b
可溶性糖/(mg/g) 55.03±0.52a 46.93±0.42b 43.23±0.39c 43.40±0.31c 43.00±0.41b 40.50±0.42c 38.43±0.45d 45.17±0.33a
黄酮/(mg/g) 7.38±0.10a 6.28±0.13b 4.69±0.06c 4.07±0.06d 8.11±0.10b 8.36±0.14a 5.27±0.07d 5.46±0.02c
可可碱/(mg/g) 0.52±0.02d 0.67±0.02c 1.22±0.02b 1.37±0.02a 0.23±0.02d 0.25±0.02c 0.29±0.02b 0.37±0.02a
没食子酸/(mg/g) 2.18±0.02a 1.98±0.02c 2.08±0.03b 2.05±0.02b 1.28±0.03a 1.11±0.04b 0.98±0.03c 0.78±0.02d
茶碱/(mg/g) 0.06±0.01b 0.06±0.01b 0.12±0.01a 0.12±0.01a 0.14±0.02c 0.15±0.01bc 0.17±0.01a 0.16±0.01ab
咖啡碱/(mg/g) 26.24±0.52b 25.98±0.37c 41.28±0.43a 41.09±0.68a 27.80±0.45d 29.49±0.44c 37.28±0.42a 35.40±0.59b
EGC/(mg/g) 2.16±0.05bc 2.34±0.05a 2.24±0.07ab 2.23±0.01ab 4.11±0.01d 5.10±0.02ab 5.18±0.02a 4.77±0.02c
DL-C/(mg/g) 1.03±0.00b 1.25±0.01a 0.76±0.01c 0.56±0.01d 1.14±0.01c 0.74±0.01d 1.58±0.01b 1.67±0.01a
EC/(mg/g) 0.68±0.01c 0.45±0.01d 10.20±0.01a 9.61±0.01b 1.04±0.01b 1.07±0.01a 0.25±0.01c 0.20±0.00d
EGCG/(mg/g) 8.15±0.13a 7.22±0.11b 3.96±0.10c 3.07±0.09d 30.80±0.11d 32.03±0.09c 52.53±0.11a 50.37±0.11b
GCG/(mg/g) 0.65±0.00a 0.66±0.00a 0.20±0.01b 0.15±0.00c 0.64±0.01a 0.50±0.00b 0.10±0.01c 0.05±0.00d
ECG/(mg/g) 10.81±0.11a 7.09±0.11b 6.77±0.11c 3.82±0.12d 17.96±0.13a 15.54±0.12c 17.40±0.11b 14.69±0.10d
儿茶素总量/(mg/g) 23.47±0.55ab 19.01±0.48cd 24.14±0.44a 19.44±0.47c 55.68±0.53c 54.99±0.43cd 77.04±0.41a 71.75±0.40b
), ArticleFig(id=1174369973704208486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of amino acid composition (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸组分 红茶 白茶
CK D S D+S CK D S D+S
天冬氨酸 0.125±0.008c 0.144±0.006d 0.224±0.002a 0.215±0.003b 0.154±0.007c 0.138±0.008d 0.201±0.004b 0.215±0.001a
丝氨酸 0.045±0.001d 0.051±0.003c 0.069±0.002a 0.063±0.004ab 0.463±0.012a 0.406±0.011b 0.269±0.015d 0.308±0.018c
谷氨酸 0.131±0.005d 0.141±0.008c 0.168±0.003b 0.201±0.004a 0.236±0.011b 0.260±0.013a 0.163±0.010d 0.221±0.008c
甘氨酸 0.030±0.001c 0.031±0.001b 0.032±0.002a 0.028±0.001d 0.013±0.002b 0.015±0.001a 0.013±0.001b 0.012±0.001c
组氨酸 0.039±0.003d 0.062±0.002c 0.077±0.002b 0.085±0.002a 0.148±0.002a 0.125±0.001c 0.124±0.003c 0.140±0.002b
精氨酸 0.164±0.010b 0.103±0.008c 0.087±0.009d 0.194±0.008a 0.203±0.012b 0.140±0.011d 0.178±0.015c 0.273±0.017a
苏氨酸 0.019±0.001b 0.018±0.002b 0.010±0.002c 0.025±0.001a 0.023±0.001c 0.020±0.002d 0.026±0.001b 0.031±0.001a
丙氨酸 0.034±0.003b 0.041±0.004a 0.024±0.004c 0.043±0.002a 0.106±0.008c 0.117±0.007b 0.116±0.006b 0.124±0.009a
脯氨酸 0.040±0.004c 0.040±0.002c 0.058±0.007a 0.052±0.003b 0.106±0.002d 0.127±0.001c 0.183±0.003b 0.214±0.004a
茶氨酸 0.503±0.021d 0.806±0.043c 0.975±0.055b 1.401±0.087a 0.607±0.053c 0.496±0.047d 1.018±0.087b 1.753±0.102a
半胱氨酸 0.001±0.000b 0.001±0.000b 0.003±0.000a 0.001±0.000b 0.004±0.000b 0.008±0.000a 0.002±0.000c 0.001±0.000d
酪氨酸 0.039±0.003b 0.034±0.002c 0.051±0.004a 0.030±0.002d 0.107±0.008c 0.130±0.011b 0.138±0.013a 0.125±0.012bc
甲硫氨酸 0.028±0.003a 0.023±0.002b 0.014±0.001c 0.008±0.001d 0.006±0.001c 0.009±0.001b 0.023±0.002a 0.008±0.001b
缬氨酸 0.033±0.002a 0.029±0.002b 0.014±0.001c 0.013±0.001c 0.024±0.001c 0.033±0.001b 0.021±0.002d 0.071±0.005a
赖氨酸 0.011±0.001c 0.009±0.001d 0.013±0.001b 0.016±0.001a 0.048±0.003a 0.042±0.004b 0.043±0.004b 0.040±0.004c
异亮氨酸 0.002±0.001d 0.004±0.001c 0.011±0.001a 0.009±0.001b 0.054±0.002a 0.052±0.003b 0.048±0.002c 0.047±0.003d
亮氨酸 0.007±0.001d 0.009±0.001c 0.014±0.001a 0.013±0.001b 0.029±0.002d 0.042±0.004b 0.037±0.003c 0.045±0.003a
苯丙氨酸 0.017±0.001b 0.016±0.001c 0.024±0.002a 0.016±0.001c 0.046±0.003b 0.053±0.005a 0.046±0.004b 0.046±0.004b
总量 1.268±0.068d 1.560±0.074c 1.869±0.054b 2.412±0.097a 2.378±0.084c 2.212±0.108d 2.650±0.112b 3.674±0.098a
), ArticleFig(id=1174369973884563559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

氨基酸组分含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸组分 红茶 白茶
CK D S D+S CK D S D+S
天冬氨酸 0.125±0.008c 0.144±0.006d 0.224±0.002a 0.215±0.003b 0.154±0.007c 0.138±0.008d 0.201±0.004b 0.215±0.001a
丝氨酸 0.045±0.001d 0.051±0.003c 0.069±0.002a 0.063±0.004ab 0.463±0.012a 0.406±0.011b 0.269±0.015d 0.308±0.018c
谷氨酸 0.131±0.005d 0.141±0.008c 0.168±0.003b 0.201±0.004a 0.236±0.011b 0.260±0.013a 0.163±0.010d 0.221±0.008c
甘氨酸 0.030±0.001c 0.031±0.001b 0.032±0.002a 0.028±0.001d 0.013±0.002b 0.015±0.001a 0.013±0.001b 0.012±0.001c
组氨酸 0.039±0.003d 0.062±0.002c 0.077±0.002b 0.085±0.002a 0.148±0.002a 0.125±0.001c 0.124±0.003c 0.140±0.002b
精氨酸 0.164±0.010b 0.103±0.008c 0.087±0.009d 0.194±0.008a 0.203±0.012b 0.140±0.011d 0.178±0.015c 0.273±0.017a
苏氨酸 0.019±0.001b 0.018±0.002b 0.010±0.002c 0.025±0.001a 0.023±0.001c 0.020±0.002d 0.026±0.001b 0.031±0.001a
丙氨酸 0.034±0.003b 0.041±0.004a 0.024±0.004c 0.043±0.002a 0.106±0.008c 0.117±0.007b 0.116±0.006b 0.124±0.009a
脯氨酸 0.040±0.004c 0.040±0.002c 0.058±0.007a 0.052±0.003b 0.106±0.002d 0.127±0.001c 0.183±0.003b 0.214±0.004a
茶氨酸 0.503±0.021d 0.806±0.043c 0.975±0.055b 1.401±0.087a 0.607±0.053c 0.496±0.047d 1.018±0.087b 1.753±0.102a
半胱氨酸 0.001±0.000b 0.001±0.000b 0.003±0.000a 0.001±0.000b 0.004±0.000b 0.008±0.000a 0.002±0.000c 0.001±0.000d
酪氨酸 0.039±0.003b 0.034±0.002c 0.051±0.004a 0.030±0.002d 0.107±0.008c 0.130±0.011b 0.138±0.013a 0.125±0.012bc
甲硫氨酸 0.028±0.003a 0.023±0.002b 0.014±0.001c 0.008±0.001d 0.006±0.001c 0.009±0.001b 0.023±0.002a 0.008±0.001b
缬氨酸 0.033±0.002a 0.029±0.002b 0.014±0.001c 0.013±0.001c 0.024±0.001c 0.033±0.001b 0.021±0.002d 0.071±0.005a
赖氨酸 0.011±0.001c 0.009±0.001d 0.013±0.001b 0.016±0.001a 0.048±0.003a 0.042±0.004b 0.043±0.004b 0.040±0.004c
异亮氨酸 0.002±0.001d 0.004±0.001c 0.011±0.001a 0.009±0.001b 0.054±0.002a 0.052±0.003b 0.048±0.002c 0.047±0.003d
亮氨酸 0.007±0.001d 0.009±0.001c 0.014±0.001a 0.013±0.001b 0.029±0.002d 0.042±0.004b 0.037±0.003c 0.045±0.003a
苯丙氨酸 0.017±0.001b 0.016±0.001c 0.024±0.002a 0.016±0.001c 0.046±0.003b 0.053±0.005a 0.046±0.004b 0.046±0.004b
总量 1.268±0.068d 1.560±0.074c 1.869±0.054b 2.412±0.097a 2.378±0.084c 2.212±0.108d 2.650±0.112b 3.674±0.098a
), ArticleFig(id=1174369973964255336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Category content of aroma substances (μg/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茶样 处理 醇类 烯类 酯类 酮类 醛类 酚类 芳烃类 杂环类 其他
红茶 CK 255.66±5.28bc 90.01±1.28a 87.07±1.72a 21.99±0.85a 24.01±0.73c 6.97±0.51b 4.15±0.57a 16.40±1.57c 18.32±1.25d
D 177.38±6.48d 58.51±1.02b 56.66±1.27d 15.37±0.94c 16.84±0.62d 5.70±0.63c 2.79±0.42c 8.56±0.73d 26.80±2.03c
S 258.90±8.02b 54.28±1.17cd 73.90±1.07b 21.13±0.80ab 34.76±0.71b 14.14±0.66a 2.05±0.33d 30.37±2.07a 31.39±2.71b
D+S 271.13±5.67a 55.92±1.18c 71.74±1.12c 15.91±0.84c 43.59±0.77a 5.62±0.43c 3.83±0.30b 20.05±2.00b 38.20±2.93a
白茶 CK 189.40±4.28b 36.98±1.74a 55.46±1.12c 29.98±1.07c 29.14±1.73b 7.65±0.97b 0.001±0.00a 13.20±1.07b 6.58±0.62b
D 135.62±3.95c 29.55±1.03b 37.04±1.03d 20.15±1.12d 28.22±0.89c 5.74±0.790c 0.001±0.00a 3.26±0.44d 3.87±0.71c
S 198.01±5.07a 26.89±1.23c 67.44±2.06b 30.41±1.67b 32.66±1.34a 6.00±0.94c 0.001±0.00a 10.59±1.07c 6.06±0.38b
D+S 190.59±4.76b 23.80±1.67d 95.45±2.97a 34.58±2.07a 25.49±1.07d 8.35±0.97a 0.001±0.00a 15.82±1.47a 8.15±0.18a
), ArticleFig(id=1174369974043947113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986781063143961, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

香气物质类别含量(μg/L)

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茶样 处理 醇类 烯类 酯类 酮类 醛类 酚类 芳烃类 杂环类 其他
红茶 CK 255.66±5.28bc 90.01±1.28a 87.07±1.72a 21.99±0.85a 24.01±0.73c 6.97±0.51b 4.15±0.57a 16.40±1.57c 18.32±1.25d
D 177.38±6.48d 58.51±1.02b 56.66±1.27d 15.37±0.94c 16.84±0.62d 5.70±0.63c 2.79±0.42c 8.56±0.73d 26.80±2.03c
S 258.90±8.02b 54.28±1.17cd 73.90±1.07b 21.13±0.80ab 34.76±0.71b 14.14±0.66a 2.05±0.33d 30.37±2.07a 31.39±2.71b
D+S 271.13±5.67a 55.92±1.18c 71.74±1.12c 15.91±0.84c 43.59±0.77a 5.62±0.43c 3.83±0.30b 20.05±2.00b 38.20±2.93a
白茶 CK 189.40±4.28b 36.98±1.74a 55.46±1.12c 29.98±1.07c 29.14±1.73b 7.65±0.97b 0.001±0.00a 13.20±1.07b 6.58±0.62b
D 135.62±3.95c 29.55±1.03b 37.04±1.03d 20.15±1.12d 28.22±0.89c 5.74±0.790c 0.001±0.00a 3.26±0.44d 3.87±0.71c
S 198.01±5.07a 26.89±1.23c 67.44±2.06b 30.41±1.67b 32.66±1.34a 6.00±0.94c 0.001±0.00a 10.59±1.07c 6.06±0.38b
D+S 190.59±4.76b 23.80±1.67d 95.45±2.97a 34.58±2.07a 25.49±1.07d 8.35±0.97a 0.001±0.00a 15.82±1.47a 8.15±0.18a
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干旱协同遮阴对红茶和白茶滋味香气的影响
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彭心雨 1 , 邵陈禹 1, 2 , 李鑫 1 , 陈子琪 1 , 李游 1 , 刘俊杰 1 , 刘婕 1, 2 , 沈程文 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(1): 275-283
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食品安全质量检测学报 |食品分析与检测 2025 , 16 (1) : 275 -283
干旱协同遮阴对红茶和白茶滋味香气的影响
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彭心雨1 , 邵陈禹1, 2, 李鑫1, 陈子琪1, 李游1, 刘俊杰1, 刘婕1, 2, 沈程文1, *
作者信息
  • 1.湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室, 国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心, 植物功能成分利用省部共建协同创新中心, 农业农村部园艺作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室, 长沙 410128
  • 2.湖南省彩云谷茶叶有限公司, 益阳 413506
通讯作者:
*沈程文(1969—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为茶叶生物学、品质化学与加工方向研究。E-mail:
Effects of drought synergistic shading on the flavor and aroma of black tea and white tea
Xin-Yu PENG1 , Chen-Yu SHAO1, 2, Xin LI1, Zi-Qi CHEN1, You LI1, Jun-Jie LIU1, Jie LIU1, 2, Cheng-Wen SHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Co-innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Changsha 410128, China
  • 2. Hunan Caiyungu Tea Co., Ltd., Yiyang 413506, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241009006
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目的 探究遮阴协同干旱对夏秋季红茶和白茶品质的影响。方法 本研究通过对遮阴、干旱和遮阴加干旱的多组实验设置, 加工得轻发酵的白茶与重发酵的红茶。本研究分别对4组红茶、白茶茶样进行感官品质评价, 利用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, HS-SPME- GC-MS)对品质成分和滋味组分进行比较分析。结果 遮阴协同干旱处理提升了水浸出物、游离氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸如茶氨酸、甜味氨基酸如苏氨酸、醇类等的含量, 从而显著提升了茶叶的鲜爽味(P<0.05)。同时, 在红茶中, 降低了缬氨酸等苦味氨基酸, 茶多酚、儿茶素的含量, 显著降低了夏秋茶的苦涩味(P<0.05)。香气检测中发现, 在红茶中共检测到98个物质, 其中醇类含量最高, 遮阴加干旱组显著高于干旱组(P<0.05)。在白茶中共检测到85个物质, 其中醇类占比最高。结论 本研究结果为夏秋季极端天气条件下生产红茶与白茶提供了新思路, 不仅有效改善夏秋茶的苦涩味, 还可以提升鲜叶利用率, 对茶园生产管理也具有重要指导意义。

茶叶  /  干旱  /  遮阴  /  品质  /  香气

Objective To investigate the effects of shading and drought on the quality of black tea and white tea in summer and autumn. Methods Light fermented white tea and heavy fermented black tea were processed through multiple experimental settings of shade, drought, and a combination of shade and drought. The 4 groups of black tea and white tea samples were evaluated for sensory quality. Additionally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technologies were employed to conduct a comparative analysis of quality components and taste components. Results Shading combined with drought treatment increased the levels of water extracts, free amino acids, umami amino acids such as theanine, sweet amino acids like threonine, alcohols, thereby significantly enhanced the fresh taste of the tea (P<0.05). Concurrently, in black tea, the concentrations of bitter amino acids such as valine, tea polyphenols, catechins were reduced, leading to a marked decrease in the bitterness and astringency of summer and autumn tea (P<0.05). Aroma testing revealed a total of 98 substances in black tea, with alcohols being the most prevalent. The concentration in the shade plus drought group was significantly higher than the drought group (P<0.05). In white tea, 85 substances were identified, with alcohols comprising the largest proportion. Conclusion The findings of this study offer new insights for the production of black and white tea under extreme summer and autumn weather conditions. This approach not only effectively mitigates the bitterness of summer and autumn tea but also enhances the utilization rate of fresh leaves, providing crucial guidance for tea garden production management.

tea  /  drought  /  shade  /  quality  /  aroma
彭心雨, 邵陈禹, 李鑫, 陈子琪, 李游, 刘俊杰, 刘婕, 沈程文. 干旱协同遮阴对红茶和白茶滋味香气的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 275 -283 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241009006
Xin-Yu PENG, Chen-Yu SHAO, Xin LI, Zi-Qi CHEN, You LI, Jun-Jie LIU, Jie LIU, Cheng-Wen SHEN. Effects of drought synergistic shading on the flavor and aroma of black tea and white tea[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 275 -283 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241009006
茶是世界上最重要的饮料作物之一, 是世界上仅次于水的最受欢迎的饮料[1]。在全球气候变暖的情况下, 夏季极端高温和干旱等灾害性天气频繁发生, 严重影响茶树的生长发育, 致使茶叶品质和产量下降, 甚至最终使茶树死亡[2]。夏秋茶产量较高, 占茶叶总产量一半以上[3], 但夏秋茶品质差、经济效益低, 且大部分夏秋茶不能被有效利用。因此夏秋茶的有效利用是一个亟待解决的问题, 可以提高茶产业的整体效益, 从而推动整体领域的稳定发展。如何在极端天气下提高夏秋茶的品质也成为一个热点问题, 研究者分别在茶叶种植阶段和茶叶加工阶段提升茶叶品质, 包括采前措施: 选育优良品种[4-6]、施肥[7-8]、遮光[9-10]、气候变化[11-12]、修剪[13]以及采后措施: 加工工艺[14-15]
遮阴是一种茶叶农艺措施技术, 通过在茶园中搭建遮阳棚或种植遮阴树木来减少茶树的日照时间。有研究者认为随着遮光度的增加, 茶树鲜叶中的丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸的水平显著升高[16]。有研究发现夏秋季的茶树进行55%、75%、90%遮光后的效果不同。遮光率越高, 茶园生态环境的温湿度的改善越大, 叶绿素含量显著增加, 氨基酸含量上升, 而儿茶素(DL-catechin, DL-C)含量减少[17-18]。因此, 本研究对夏季茶树采取遮阴、干旱以及遮阴加干旱处理, 通过生理生化、气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)、高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)等研究手段, 探究遮阴、干旱多重处理对茶叶滋味、香气物质的影响, 旨在提升夏秋茶品质, 为茶园管理提供一定的科学理论基础。
以多年生茶树品种‘槠叶齐’为实验材料, 鲜叶于2023年9月采自湖南长沙云游茶业有限公司, 采前遮阴组(S组与D+S组)通过覆盖80%遮阳网、采前非干旱组(CK组与S组)利用灌溉装置进行10 d一次持续15 min的喷灌、D组不做任何处理, 进行为期3个月的实验处理, 分别是CK(对照组)、D(干旱组)、S(遮阴组)、D+S(遮阴+干旱组), 分别采摘一芽二叶鲜叶经萎凋、揉捻、发酵、干燥制成红茶, 部分鲜叶经过萎凋70 h制成白茶, 每种茶样重复3次。
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(色谱纯)、乙腈(色谱纯)、乙酸、甲醇(色谱纯)、氯化钠、碳酸钠、福林酚、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾、茚三酮、三氯化铝、蒽酮、无水葡萄糖(纯度大于98%)(上海医药集团试剂有限公司); 表儿茶素(epicatechin, EC)、没食子儿茶素、DL-C、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate, ECG)、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、茶氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸标准品(纯度98%)(北方伟业计量技术研究院); 癸酸乙酯(纯度99%)(上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司)。
HPLC1620LC液相色谱仪、ACCQTagTM色谱柱(3.9 mm×150 mm, 5 μm)(美国安捷伦科技有限公司); GC-MS- QP2010 气相色谱-质谱仪、UV-1750紫外可见分光光度计(日本岛津科技有限公司); HP5-MS色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)、SPME固样微萃取进样手柄(美国 Supelco公司); 45 μm PDM/DVB固相微萃取头(上海安普科技股份有限公司); Alpha 1-4/LSC Plus真空冷冻干燥机(湖南长沙博仪科技有限公司)。
参照GB/T 23776—2018《茶叶感官审评方法》, 由5位具有高级职称茶叶加工研究专家进行。评分采用百分制,品质审评包括外形占25%、香气占25%、汤色占10%、滋味占30%和叶底占10%。
水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚、可溶性糖、黄酮分别参照GB/T 8305—2013《茶叶水浸出物测定》、GB/T 8314—2013《茶游离氨基酸总量的测定》、GB/T 8313—2018《茶叶中茶多酚含量的检测方法》、硫酸-蒽酮比色法和氯化铝溶液稀释法。
DL-C和氨基酸组分用HPLC进行含量测定。香气物质成分采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, HS-SPME-GC-MS)对萃取的香气成分进行定性、定量分析。
本次实验数据均由3次独立重复的实验获得, 利用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行方差分析, 实验数据以平均数据±相对标准偏差表示; 利用Origin 2021软件绘制聚类热图; 利用SIMCA 14.1软件绘制主成分分析图(principal components analysis, PCA)、偏最小二乘法判别分析图(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)和置换验证图。
图1表1所示, D+S组与S组的红茶外形条索紧结、金毫明显, 汤色橙红明亮, 滋味鲜爽醇厚, 香气带有花香, 嫩芽肥重; 而D组茶叶条索较紧结, 汤色尚红明亮, 滋味鲜醇尚农, 嫩芽少, 两组区别明显。与红茶相比, D+S组的白茶表现也优于D组, 外形芽毫肥壮、白毫显露明显、匀净, 汤色嫩黄明亮, 嫩香, 鲜爽醇厚, 叶底软嫩匀齐; D组外形嫩芽瘦少且不匀, 汤色尚绿黄明亮, 清香, 醇厚较鲜爽, 叶底尚软嫩匀齐。对其进行加权评分后发现, 白茶总分排名D+S组>S组>CK组>D组, 红茶总分排名D+S组=S组>CK组>D组。
本研究分别对‘槠叶齐’一芽二叶红茶、白茶的水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚、生物碱、DL-C等生化成分进行测定。由表2可知, 红茶D+S组的水浸出率为(45.28±0.23)%显著高于D组(40.42±0.34)%、CK组(41.85±0.42)% (P<0.05); 游离氨基酸在D组含量为(17.17±0.39) mg/g, 而D+S组含量显著上升为(26.03±0.40) mg/g (P<0.05); 茶多酚含量D+S组含量(127.63±3.31) mg/g显著低于CK组(165.32±3.62) mg/g (P<0.05); 可可碱、茶碱、咖啡碱在D+S组中含量均高于D组; 红茶没食子酸在干旱处理后含量下降, 而通过遮阴处理可以使之提升。另外, 水浸出物、游离氨基酸、生物碱在白茶的D+S组与D组的区别与红茶类似。以上结果表明遮阴加干旱处理可以丰富茶叶的滋味强度, 提升茶叶的鲜爽味。
茶叶中的DL-C主要分为酯型儿茶素、非酯型儿茶素。红茶D+S组儿茶素总量为(19.44±0.47) mg/g显著低于CK组(23.47±0.55) mg/g (P<0.05); 酯型儿茶素(EGC、EGCG、ECG)在D+S组中分别是(2.23±0.01)、(3.07±0.09)、(3.82±0.12) mg/g低于D组, 分别是(2.34±0.05)、(7.22±0.11)、(7.09±0.11) mg/g; 白茶D+S组的非酯型儿茶素EC含量(0.20±0.00) mg/g低于D组(1.07±0.01) mg/g, 酯型儿茶素(EGC、ECG)在D+S组中分别是(4.77±0.02) mg/g、(14.69±0.10) mg/g显著低于D组(P<0.05), 分别是(5.10±0.02) mg/g、(15.54±0.12) mg/g。以上数据表明遮阴与DL-C的下降程度呈正相关, 因此遮阴可以缓解DL-C带来的苦涩味, 增加茶叶的滋味强度, 从而提升茶叶品质。
在茶样中检测到18种氨基酸, 如表3所示, 总氨基酸含量在遮阴后含量显著上升(P<0.05), D+S组的红茶为(2.412±0.097) mg/g、白茶为(3.674±0.098) mg/g, 其中鲜味氨基酸包括天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、茶氨酸在红茶D+S组中分别是(0.215±0.003)、(0.201±0.004)、(1.401±0.087) mg/g; 而天冬氨酸和茶氨酸在白茶D+S组中是(0.215±0.001) mg/g、(1.753±0.102) mg/g, 均显著高于D组(P<0.05)。甜味氨基酸包括苏氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸, 红茶中苏氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的含量在遮阴协同干旱处理后显著上升, 白茶中苏氨酸、丙氨酸与脯氨酸的含量在遮阴协同干旱处理后也显著上升(P<0.05)。苦味氨基酸包括缬氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸, 其中缬氨酸在红茶D+S组[(0.013±0.001) mg/g]显著低于D组[(0.029±0.002) mg/g] (P<0.05); 赖氨酸、异亮氨酸在白茶D+S组的含量分别是(0.040±0.004) mg/g、(0.047±0.003) mg/g也显著低于D组(P<0.05)。上述表明, 遮阴可以提升氨基酸含量尤其是增加甜味、鲜味氨基酸, 苦味氨基酸含量下降, 降低茶叶的苦涩味、提升茶叶的鲜爽味。
采用聚类热图能清晰地发现各非挥发性成分在4组之间的分布规律, 该图将生化成分、DL-C组分和氨基酸组分进行聚类分析。图2中颜色越红表示含量越高, 颜色越绿表示含量越低。如图2所示, 将白茶聚类为两部分包括遮阴组和未遮阴组, 其中苏氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、天冬氨酸、茶氨酸、脯氨酸、氨基酸总量、水浸出率、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、DL-C、EGCG等主要聚类在D+S组, 而苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、GCG、黄酮等主要聚类在D组; 在红茶中茶多酚、DL-C、ECG、GCG、黄酮、甲硫氨酸、甘氨酸等主要聚类在D组, 而苏氨酸、精氨酸、半胱氨酸、可可碱、茶碱、咖啡碱、水浸出率、游离氨基酸、EC等主要聚类在D+S组聚类结果与审评结果、生化成分分析结果有很大的相似度, 更加证实了遮阴协同干旱处理会提升夏秋茶的滋味品质。
对4个处理的红茶与白茶进行了GC-MS香气物质检测, 在红茶中共检测到98个物质, 包括9大类(醇类23种、酯类27种、酚类3种、醛类6种、酮类7种、烯类20种、杂环类4种、芳烃类3种、其他5种)(表4), 其中醇类含量最高, D+S组为(271.13±5.67) μg/L显著高于D组(177.38±6.48) μg/L (P<0.05); 酯类D+S组为(71.74±1.12) μg/L、D组为(56.66±1.27) μg/L; 醛类D+S组(43.59±0.77) μg/L、D组为(16.84±0.62) μg/L; 杂环类D+S组(20.05±2.00) μg/L、D组(8.56±0.73) μg/L, 而烯类与芳烃类在遮阴处理后含量下降。在白茶中共检测到85个物质, 包括8大类(醇类25种、酯类25种、酚类1种、醛类9种、酮类7种、烯类11种、杂环类3种、其他4种), 其中醇类占比最高。D+S组醇类含量为(190.59±4.76) μg/L、D组为(135.62±3.95) μg/L; 酯类D+S组(95.45±2.97) μg/L、D组(37.04±1.03) μg/L; 酮类D+S组(34.58±2.07) μg/L、D组(20.15±1.12) μg/L; 杂环类D+S组(15.82±1.47) μg/L、D组(3.26±0.44) μg/L, 4类香气物质含量均有显著差异(P<0.05)。
本研究对4组白茶、红茶的非挥发性成分做了PCA分析, 包括常规成分、DL-C类、氨基酸类, 由图3可知, 红茶第一主成分贡献率PCA1=59.2%、第二主成分贡献率PCA2=20.2%, 白茶第一主成分贡献率PCA1=60.4%、第二主成分贡献率PCA2=19.2%。由此可知4个处理组之间有明显差异, 同一茶样组内关系更近。为了更直接地分析主要滋味成分上不同处理组茶样的差异, 采用PLS-DA分析方法对主要滋味物质的检测结果进行进一步分析, 建立了一个PLS-DA模型(红茶: R2X=0.593, R2Y=0.363, Q2=0.473; 白茶: R2X=0.603, R2Y=0.192, Q2=0.511, 未出现过拟合)。由PLS-DA验证模型可见(图4), 进行200次交叉验证, R2Y轴截距小于0.5, Q2Y轴截距小于0, 说明该模型可靠, 未出现过拟合。
本研究利用SIMCA 14.1分析软件对红茶、白茶4组茶样内含化合物进行PCA、PLS-DA等分析发现, 遮阴加干旱组与干旱组的茶叶滋味品质化学组分含量存在明显差异, 同一处理后加工的茶样表现出更紧密的关系。在白茶中共筛选出13种不同处理间差异相关滋味组分并存在显著性差异(VIP>1, P<0.05), 主要包括亮氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸、可溶性糖、甲硫氨酸、酪氨酸、EGC、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、ECG。其中前4种物质在D+S组含量高; 甲硫氨酸、酪氨酸、EGC在S组含量最高; 最后3种物质在CK组含量高。在红茶中共筛选出9种不同处理间差异相关滋味组分并存在显著性差异(VIP>1, P<0.05), 主要包括水浸出率、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、EC、儿茶素总量、茶多酚、可溶性糖、ECG、EGCG。其中前2种物质在D+S组含量高; 咖啡碱、EC、儿茶素总量在S组含量最高; 后4种物质在CK组含量高。综上所述, 遮阴后可以提升水浸出率增加物质总量, 提升茶叶滋味, 降低多酚类、黄酮类、儿茶素类物质的含量, 减少苦涩味, 增加氨基酸类含量, 提升鲜爽味。
本研究在感官审评与内含成分的测定基础上, 结合PCA与聚类分析对4组处理红茶与白茶滋味品质进行综合评价。结果表明, 在4种处理下, 遮阴处理与遮阴协同干旱处理条件下制成的红茶与白茶在滋味、香气、汤色均高于干旱处理下的红茶与白茶。因此, 遮阴处理可以改善高温干旱天气给茶叶带来的不良影响, 而且优于对茶园直接进行喷灌处理, 使芽软嫩增多, 改善了茶叶的滋味品质。水浸出物可以反映出茶汤的滋味浓淡, 是茶叶滋味成分的重要指标, 与茶汤苦味、涩味和鲜味呈显著正相关[19]。茶多酚是检验茶汤苦涩味的一个重要物质, 含量的高低可以清楚地反映出茶汤的滋味强度[20]。在进行遮阴协同干旱处理后红茶EGCG、ECG以及儿茶素总量都大幅下降, 而EGCG、ECG呈苦味、涩味, 这表明DL-C与遮阴呈负相关, 这可能是因为遮阴后查尔酮合成酶基因表达受到抑制导致夏秋季遮阴后DL-C含量下降[21]
氨基酸是茶叶鲜爽味的主要成分, 而夏秋季遮阴有助于茶叶新梢氨基酸的积累[21]。部分鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸在遮阴协同干旱处理后含量增加, 且游离氨基酸在遮阴处理后含量增加, 这表明遮阴会显著提升氨基酸含量, 这可能是因为遮阴有利于嫩叶中茶氨酸合成酶基因的表达[21]
遮阴后香气各种类的含量明显增加, 在自然条件下红茶与白茶均是醇类含量最高, 其次是酯类和烯类等[22]。在高温干旱条件下醇类、酯类、烯类等种类含量均大幅降低。在此基础上进行遮阴处理, 则可以增加香气物质含量。有研究认为遮阴后壬醇、香叶醇含量增加[23]。也有研究表明遮阴后2-戊烯-1-醇、3-己烯醇乙酯、壬醛、壬醇、辛醇等挥发性脂肪酸衍生物及苯甲醛、水杨酸甲酯等含量显著提升[24]
夏秋茶占我国茶叶产量的60%左右, 但由于夏、秋季天气炎热, 导致夏秋茶粗老且香气淡薄、滋味苦涩, 茶叶品质低于春茶。这也造成了茶农和茶企生产积极性低、采摘量少, 夏秋茶的利用率较低以及资源浪费等系列问题[25]。在一定程度上, 遮阴能提高夏秋茶的产量和品质[26]。本研究表明, 遮阴协同干旱处理丰富了茶叶的滋味强度, 提升了茶叶的鲜爽味, 同时可以缓解DL-C带来的苦涩味, 增加茶叶的滋味强度, 从而提升茶叶品质[27]。同时, 有研究表明, 在遮光条件下, 夏茶鲜叶中茶多酚的含量会显著降低[28]。遮阴有助于增加水浸出物含量[29], 有效降低茶叶中咖啡碱、茶多酚[30]等涩味成分, 有效增加氨基酸含量[31]。因此, 遮阴可以通过改善氨基酸、茶多酚、儿茶素等含量来提高茶叶的品质, 从而增强夏秋茶市场经济效益。本研究为丰富夏秋茶的多种适制茶类、减轻极端天气给茶园带来的不良影响和茶园节能栽培管理提供了一定的新思路。
  • 郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项(2022SFQ48)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600801)
  • 湖南省科技创新重大项目(2021NK1020)
  • 湖南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(湘农函[2024]98号)
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2025年第16卷第1期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241009006
  • 接收时间:2024-10-09
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-09
基金
郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范区建设专项(2022SFQ48)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600801)
湖南省科技创新重大项目(2021NK1020)
湖南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(湘农函[2024]98号)
作者信息
    1.湖南农业大学茶学教育部重点实验室, 国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心, 植物功能成分利用省部共建协同创新中心, 农业农村部园艺作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室, 长沙 410128
    2.湖南省彩云谷茶叶有限公司, 益阳 413506

通讯作者:

*沈程文(1969—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为茶叶生物学、品质化学与加工方向研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spaq/CN/10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241009006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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