Article(id=1153986780656296472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241119002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731945600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061488545, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061488545, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061488545, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061488545, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=284, endPage=293, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986781184778778, articleId=1153986780656296472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of amino acid composition and content in Asparagus from different sources, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the types and contents of amino acids in Asparagus from different sources. Methods Post-column ninhydrin-derived photometry was established to determine the species and contents of amino acids in Guangxi, Neijiang and southwest winter, and performed data analysis using stoichiometry. Results The average amino acid content in Neijiang was 3.06%, 3.53% in Guangxi, and 5.73% in southwest China. The amino acid composition and content in Neijiang and Guangxi were similar, and the content was uniform among different batches, the amino acid content in southwest and southwest was quite different from the first two sources, and the different batches were quite different. Conclusion This research provides scientific reference for quality evaluation of Asparagus and the study of its authenticity.

, correspAuthors=Yong YANG, Wei-Qi LV, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qian-Mei HU, Yang-Yang LUO, Ke-Xin ZHU, Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Wei-Han QIN, Hong-Fei DU, Yong YANG, Wei-Qi LV), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986808774910060, articleId=1153986780656296472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=不同来源天冬中氨基酸组成与含量分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究不同来源天冬中氨基酸的种类和含量。方法 建立柱后茚三酮衍生光度法, 测定广西天冬、内江天冬、西南天冬中氨基酸的种类和含量, 并利用化学计量学方法进行数据分析。结果 内江天冬中氨基酸平均含量为3.06%, 广西天冬中氨基酸平均含量为3.53%, 西南天冬中氨基酸平均含量为5.73%。内江天冬与广西天冬中的氨基酸组成和含量相近, 不同批次间含量均匀, 西南天冬与前两个来源天冬氨基酸含量存在较大差异, 不同批次间差异较大。结论 本研究为天冬质量评价及其道地性研究提供了科学参考。

, correspAuthors=阳勇, 吕伟奇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*阳勇(1979—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为中药化学、中药新药研发与质量标准研究。E-mail:
吕伟奇(1991—), 男, 博士, 主要研究方向为中药质量控制及药效物质基础研究。E-mail:
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胡前梅(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为药物制剂研发与转化研究。E-mail:

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胡前梅(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为药物制剂研发与转化研究。E-mail:

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胡前梅(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为药物制剂研发与转化研究。E-mail:

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Research progress on the detection and biological activity of free amino acids in tea[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(10): 82-89., articleTitle=Research progress on the detection and biological activity of free amino acids in tea, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1164259111270044357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, awardId=2023YFQ0007, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省区域创新合作项目(2023YFQ0007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1164259111324570310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, awardId=cstc2022jxj1120040, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2022jxj1120040), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1164259111387484871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, awardId=2021YFD1601005-2, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1601005-2), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369815960630061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369815964824366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, companyId=1174369815960630061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369815969018671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, companyId=1174369815960630061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中药新药创制川渝共建重点实验室, 重庆 400065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1174369816015156016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369816023544625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, companyId=1174369816015156016, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369816027738930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, companyId=1174369816015156016, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.遵义医科大学药学院, 遵义 563000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369818514961258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatogram of amino acid mixed standard solution, figureFileSmall=zVvtYFQVZwqQhmUamRfwCQ==, figureFileBig=0+7JFjb5lYxIkzu1ZPV48A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369818665956203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=CN, label=图1, caption=氨基酸混合标准溶液色谱图

注: A. 第1通道氨基酸混合标准溶液色谱图; B. 第2通道氨基酸混合标准溶液色谱图。

, figureFileSmall=zVvtYFQVZwqQhmUamRfwCQ==, figureFileBig=0+7JFjb5lYxIkzu1ZPV48A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369818745647980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatographic separation of Asparagus samples, figureFileSmall=FgY2e1oFQfRXUSVOEH2rwg==, figureFileBig=iixxC6L2yw0UCujY4IbG6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369818812756845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=CN, label=图2, caption=天冬供试品溶液色谱图

注: A. 第1通道天冬供试品溶液色谱图; B. 第2通道天冬供试品溶液色谱图。

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Asparagus sample information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 批号 药材产地 来源
S1 云DL211219-015 云南大理 西南天冬
S2 云YX211215-006 云南玉溪 西南天冬
S3 云DJ211218-013 云南大理 西南天冬
S4 云LC211217-011 云南临沧 西南天冬
S5 贵ZY211128-03 贵州遵义 西南天冬
S6 桂XY211202-017 广西玉林 西南天冬
S7 川NJ211222-032 四川内江 内江天冬
S8 川NJ211221-007 四川内江 内江天冬
S9 川NJ202312-01 四川内江 内江天冬
S10 川NJ202312-02 四川内江 内江天冬
S11 川NJ202312-03 四川内江 内江天冬
S12 川NJ202312-04 四川内江 内江天冬
S13 川NJ202312-05 四川内江 内江天冬
S14 川NJ202312-07 四川内江 内江天冬
S15 川NJ202312-08 四川内江 内江天冬
S16 川NJ202312-09 四川内江 内江天冬
S17 桂YL211204-17 广西贵港 广西天冬
S18 桂YL211204-9 广西来宾 广西天冬
S19 桂YL211203-8 广西玉林 广西天冬
S20 桂YL211204-13 广西玉林 广西天冬
S21 桂YL211204-11 广西玉林 广西天冬
S22 桂GG211203-2 广西玉林 广西天冬
S23 桂LB-211202-1 广西玉林 广西天冬
S24 桂YL211204-18 广西玉林 广西天冬
S25 桂YL211204-12 广西玉林 广西天冬
S26 桂YL211204-16 广西玉林 广西天冬
S27 桂GG211203-3 广西玉林 广西天冬
S28 桂YL211204-14 广西玉林 广西天冬
), ArticleFig(id=1174369819538371445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天冬样品信息

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编号 批号 药材产地 来源
S1 云DL211219-015 云南大理 西南天冬
S2 云YX211215-006 云南玉溪 西南天冬
S3 云DJ211218-013 云南大理 西南天冬
S4 云LC211217-011 云南临沧 西南天冬
S5 贵ZY211128-03 贵州遵义 西南天冬
S6 桂XY211202-017 广西玉林 西南天冬
S7 川NJ211222-032 四川内江 内江天冬
S8 川NJ211221-007 四川内江 内江天冬
S9 川NJ202312-01 四川内江 内江天冬
S10 川NJ202312-02 四川内江 内江天冬
S11 川NJ202312-03 四川内江 内江天冬
S12 川NJ202312-04 四川内江 内江天冬
S13 川NJ202312-05 四川内江 内江天冬
S14 川NJ202312-07 四川内江 内江天冬
S15 川NJ202312-08 四川内江 内江天冬
S16 川NJ202312-09 四川内江 内江天冬
S17 桂YL211204-17 广西贵港 广西天冬
S18 桂YL211204-9 广西来宾 广西天冬
S19 桂YL211203-8 广西玉林 广西天冬
S20 桂YL211204-13 广西玉林 广西天冬
S21 桂YL211204-11 广西玉林 广西天冬
S22 桂GG211203-2 广西玉林 广西天冬
S23 桂LB-211202-1 广西玉林 广西天冬
S24 桂YL211204-18 广西玉林 广西天冬
S25 桂YL211204-12 广西玉林 广西天冬
S26 桂YL211204-16 广西玉林 广西天冬
S27 桂GG211203-3 广西玉林 广西天冬
S28 桂YL211204-14 广西玉林 广西天冬
), ArticleFig(id=1174369819622257526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Linear regression equations for standard curves of 18 kinds of amino acids

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序号 保留时间/min 氨基酸 标准曲线方程 相关系数(r2)
1 5.19 Asp Y=9107.6X+17.800 0.9996
2 5.85 Thr Y=9554.2X+20.211 0.9996
3 6.47 Ser Y=9697.0X+24.181 0.9996
4 7.21 Glu Y=9763.8X+27.489 0.9996
5 10.51 Gly Y=8847.3X+5.4384 0.9997
6 11.53 Ala Y=8864.4X+4.4876 0.9996
7 12.18 Cys Y=9919.9X+23.678 0.9996
8 12.89 Val Y=9040.7X+19.822 0.9996
9 14.14 Met Y=9125.7X+8.6449 0.9995
10 16.57 Ile Y=9104.1X-0.3836 0.9996
11 17.76 Tyr Y=9015.8X-16.538 0.9995
12 18.75 Leu Y=8386.8X-17.419 0.9996
13 19.65 Phe Y=8618.9X+2.6226 0.9995
14 22.05 Lys Y=10028X+16.486 0.9995
15 23.31 NH3 Y=5881.7X+65.076 0.9974
16 24.25 His Y=9116.1X+20.047 0.9994
17 28.29 Arg Y=8658.7X+9.808 0.9996
18 7.79 Pro Y=2063.6X+29.497 0.9991
), ArticleFig(id=1174369819701949303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

18种氨基酸标准曲线线性回归方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 保留时间/min 氨基酸 标准曲线方程 相关系数(r2)
1 5.19 Asp Y=9107.6X+17.800 0.9996
2 5.85 Thr Y=9554.2X+20.211 0.9996
3 6.47 Ser Y=9697.0X+24.181 0.9996
4 7.21 Glu Y=9763.8X+27.489 0.9996
5 10.51 Gly Y=8847.3X+5.4384 0.9997
6 11.53 Ala Y=8864.4X+4.4876 0.9996
7 12.18 Cys Y=9919.9X+23.678 0.9996
8 12.89 Val Y=9040.7X+19.822 0.9996
9 14.14 Met Y=9125.7X+8.6449 0.9995
10 16.57 Ile Y=9104.1X-0.3836 0.9996
11 17.76 Tyr Y=9015.8X-16.538 0.9995
12 18.75 Leu Y=8386.8X-17.419 0.9996
13 19.65 Phe Y=8618.9X+2.6226 0.9995
14 22.05 Lys Y=10028X+16.486 0.9995
15 23.31 NH3 Y=5881.7X+65.076 0.9974
16 24.25 His Y=9116.1X+20.047 0.9994
17 28.29 Arg Y=8658.7X+9.808 0.9996
18 7.79 Pro Y=2063.6X+29.497 0.9991
), ArticleFig(id=1174369819785835384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Precisions, repeatabilities, stabilities, and sample recovery test results (n=6)

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氨基酸 峰面积/(Mv·min)
精密度 重复性 稳定性
平均值 RSDs/% 平均值 RSDs/% 平均值(标准品) RSDs/% 平均值(供试品) RSDs/%
Asp 959.47 0.32 899.65 2.29 952.42 0.14 921.68 0.37
Thr 1006.09 0.39 142.28 2.06 1005.53 0.14 145.97 0.35
Ser 1023.11 0.29 294.29 2.28 1023.69 0.17 299.05 0.23
Glu 1032.07 0.32 981.66 1.89 1039.52 0.17 1000.21 0.27
Gly 915.31 0.61 155.58 2.10 940.42 0.37 158.01 1.37
Ala 917.01 0.47 172.63 2.17 946.67 0.39 176.15 0.97
Cys 1039.52 0.40 0.00 0.00 1062.36 0.38 0.00 0.00
Val 948.73 0.32 171.05 2.71 975.24 0.53 177.14 0.41
Met 939.34 0.56 0.00 0.00 975.08 0.54 8.83 4.22
Ile 936.90 0.40 58.91 1.76 954.16 0.21 60.41 4.41
Tyr 909.23 0.35 134.83 2.82 932.65 0.25 137.40 1.59
Leu 848.68 0.46 0.00 0.00 867.99 0.34 0.00 0.00
Phe 890.60 0.37 45.27 2.78 904.40 0.19 47.14 1.73
Lys 1049.37 0.34 175.29 4.06 1064.57 0.19 180.21 1.26
NH3 695.11 1.01 1229.11 2.66 688.68 0.94 1287.83 0.23
His 957.28 0.44 62.38 5.24 981.42 0.44 62.42 4.49
Arg 901.53 0.25 132.92 2.51 928.46 0.24 136.46 1.15
Pro 240.30 1.24 159.11 2.55 223.65 1.05 164.88 1.49
总面积 16209.61 0.38 4795.54 2.49 16470.83 0.22 4963.80 0.22
), ArticleFig(id=1174369819865527161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780656296472, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

精密度、重复性、稳定性、加样回收实验考察结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸 峰面积/(Mv·min)
精密度 重复性 稳定性
平均值 RSDs/% 平均值 RSDs/% 平均值(标准品) RSDs/% 平均值(供试品) RSDs/%
Asp 959.47 0.32 899.65 2.29 952.42 0.14 921.68 0.37
Thr 1006.09 0.39 142.28 2.06 1005.53 0.14 145.97 0.35
Ser 1023.11 0.29 294.29 2.28 1023.69 0.17 299.05 0.23
Glu 1032.07 0.32 981.66 1.89 1039.52 0.17 1000.21 0.27
Gly 915.31 0.61 155.58 2.10 940.42 0.37 158.01 1.37
Ala 917.01 0.47 172.63 2.17 946.67 0.39 176.15 0.97
Cys 1039.52 0.40 0.00 0.00 1062.36 0.38 0.00 0.00
Val 948.73 0.32 171.05 2.71 975.24 0.53 177.14 0.41
Met 939.34 0.56 0.00 0.00 975.08 0.54 8.83 4.22
Ile 936.90 0.40 58.91 1.76 954.16 0.21 60.41 4.41
Tyr 909.23 0.35 134.83 2.82 932.65 0.25 137.40 1.59
Leu 848.68 0.46 0.00 0.00 867.99 0.34 0.00 0.00
Phe 890.60 0.37 45.27 2.78 904.40 0.19 47.14 1.73
Lys 1049.37 0.34 175.29 4.06 1064.57 0.19 180.21 1.26
NH3 695.11 1.01 1229.11 2.66 688.68 0.94 1287.83 0.23
His 957.28 0.44 62.38 5.24 981.42 0.44 62.42 4.49
Arg 901.53 0.25 132.92 2.51 928.46 0.24 136.46 1.15
Pro 240.30 1.24 159.11 2.55 223.65 1.05 164.88 1.49
总面积 16209.61 0.38 4795.54 2.49 16470.83 0.22 4963.80 0.22
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不同来源天冬中氨基酸组成与含量分析
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胡前梅 1, 2 , 罗洋洋 1, 2 , 朱可欣 1, 2 , 张小梅 1, 2 , 秦伟瀚 1 , 杜洪飞 1 , 阳勇 1, 2, * , 吕伟奇 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(1): 284-293
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(1): 284-293
不同来源天冬中氨基酸组成与含量分析
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胡前梅1, 2 , 罗洋洋1, 2, 朱可欣1, 2, 张小梅1, 2, 秦伟瀚1, 杜洪飞1, 阳勇1, 2, * , 吕伟奇1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中药新药创制川渝共建重点实验室, 重庆 400065
  • 2.遵义医科大学药学院, 遵义 563000
  • 胡前梅(1999—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为药物制剂研发与转化研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*阳勇(1979—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为中药化学、中药新药研发与质量标准研究。E-mail:
吕伟奇(1991—), 男, 博士, 主要研究方向为中药质量控制及药效物质基础研究。E-mail:
Analysis of amino acid composition and content in Asparagus from different sources
Qian-Mei HU1, 2 , Yang-Yang LUO1, 2, Ke-Xin ZHU1, 2, Xiao-Mei ZHANG1, 2, Wei-Han QIN1, Hong-Fei DU1, Yong YANG1, 2, * , Wei-Qi LV1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, China
  • 2. School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241119002
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目的 探究不同来源天冬中氨基酸的种类和含量。方法 建立柱后茚三酮衍生光度法, 测定广西天冬、内江天冬、西南天冬中氨基酸的种类和含量, 并利用化学计量学方法进行数据分析。结果 内江天冬中氨基酸平均含量为3.06%, 广西天冬中氨基酸平均含量为3.53%, 西南天冬中氨基酸平均含量为5.73%。内江天冬与广西天冬中的氨基酸组成和含量相近, 不同批次间含量均匀, 西南天冬与前两个来源天冬氨基酸含量存在较大差异, 不同批次间差异较大。结论 本研究为天冬质量评价及其道地性研究提供了科学参考。

天冬  /  氨基酸  /  来源  /  组成  /  含量

Objective To explore the types and contents of amino acids in Asparagus from different sources. Methods Post-column ninhydrin-derived photometry was established to determine the species and contents of amino acids in Guangxi, Neijiang and southwest winter, and performed data analysis using stoichiometry. Results The average amino acid content in Neijiang was 3.06%, 3.53% in Guangxi, and 5.73% in southwest China. The amino acid composition and content in Neijiang and Guangxi were similar, and the content was uniform among different batches, the amino acid content in southwest and southwest was quite different from the first two sources, and the different batches were quite different. Conclusion This research provides scientific reference for quality evaluation of Asparagus and the study of its authenticity.

Asparagus  /  amino acid  /  variety  /  composition  /  content
胡前梅, 罗洋洋, 朱可欣, 张小梅, 秦伟瀚, 杜洪飞, 阳勇, 吕伟奇. 不同来源天冬中氨基酸组成与含量分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 284 -293 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241119002
Qian-Mei HU, Yang-Yang LUO, Ke-Xin ZHU, Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Wei-Han QIN, Hong-Fei DU, Yong YANG, Wei-Qi LV. Analysis of amino acid composition and content in Asparagus from different sources[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 284 -293 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241119002
天冬是百合科天门冬属植物天冬[Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.]的干燥块根, 始载于《神农本草经》[1], 具有养阴润燥, 清肺生津的功效, 可用于治疗肺燥干咳、顿咳痰黏、腰膝酸痛、骨蒸潮热等症[2]。目前, 天门冬属植物在全世界约有300多个种, 其中分布在我国的主要包括24个种以及一些外来栽培来源[3], 其中作为中药天冬基原的是广西天冬即药典天冬。根据研究报道, 天门冬属植物中的主要化学成分为甾体皂苷、多糖、氨基酸等[4-5], 其中富含的氨基酸种类多达10余种。这些氨基酸能够快速补充人体所需的营养成分, 因此天冬除药用外, 也常作为日常食品和食品原料[6], 氨基酸的种类和含量对天冬的品质评价具有重要参考作用。
氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单位, 有助于维持人体的正常生理功能, 调节机体免疫功能等, 必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)是具有合成代谢特性的营养素, 可以通过刺激肌肉蛋白质合成来增加肌肉质量和衰老过程中的肌肉损失[7], 非必需氨基酸(non-essential amino acid, NEAA)在调节基因表达和细胞信号通路、促进膳食营养素的消化吸收、加速DNA和蛋白质合成、改善内分泌状况、维持酸碱平衡和增强免疫系统功能等方面发挥着重要作用[8]。因此, 市场对含有高附加值氨基酸及其衍生物产品的需求旺盛。目前对于氨基酸的检测方法有氨基酸自动分析仪法、高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)、气相色谱法(gas chromatography, GC)与气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)、高效液相色谱-质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS)与高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)等[9]。张剑光等[10]建立了柱前衍生GC-MS测定黄精中15种氨基酸含量的方法。杨帅等[11]建立了HPLC-MS/MS同时测定阿胶中氨基酸含量, 由于仪器设备过于昂贵, 检测成本较高, 该方法使用频率不高。氨基酸自动分析仪是针对氨基酸定量研究的特定仪器, 具有自动化程度高、灵敏度高、分析快速、结果准确等优点, 目前该方法已广泛应用于食品、农业、医药等领域。方玉凤等[12]采用日立氨基酸分析仪测定了不同产地野生山刺玫中14种氨基酸的含量, 可作为山刺玫产地鉴别的重要依据。天冬作为富含氨基酸的中药材, 目前对其氨基酸种类和含量研究较少, 不利于后续资源的开发利用。本研究建立氨基酸自动分析仪快速测定方法, 该方法操作简单、快速, 适用于天冬中氨基酸的含量测定, 并将其用于分析西南天冬、内江天冬、广西天冬的氨基酸种类和含量, 通过分析不同来源天冬间的氨基酸含量差异, 筛选品质更佳的天冬, 旨在为天冬质量评价、资源开发利用及其道地性研究提供理论基础。
天冬块根, 经重庆市中药研究院生药所瞿显友研究员鉴定为百合科植物天冬的干燥块根, 样品详细信息见表1
盐酸[重庆川东化工(集团)有限公司]; 茚三酮显色液、浓度为2.5 μmol/mL的H型氨基酸混合标准液[包含18种氨基酸: 天冬氨酸(aspartic acid, Asp)、苏氨酸(threonine, Thr)、丝氨酸(serine, Ser)、谷氨酸(glutamate, Glu)、脯氨酸(proline, Pro)、甘氨酸(glycine, Gly)、丙氨酸(alanine, Ala)、半胱氨酸(cystine, Cys)、缬氨酸(valine, Val)、蛋氨酸(methionine, Met)、异亮氨酸(isoleucine, Ile)、亮氨酸(leucine, Leu)、酪氨酸(tyrosine, Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine, Phe)、组氨酸(histidine, His)、赖氨酸(lysine, Lys)、精氨酸(arginine, Arg)、氨气(ammonia, NH3)(日本和光纯药工业株式会社)。
L-8800型氨基酸自动分析仪(日本日立公司); DHG-9146型电热鼓风干燥箱(上海博讯医疗生物仪器股份有限公司); BJ-100型超高速中药粉碎机(中国德清拜杰电器有限公司); BSA224S-CW型万分之一分析天平(德国赛多利斯公司); Cascada III.I型超纯水仪(美国PALL公司)。
准确移取2.5 μmol/mL氨基酸标准溶液40 μL, 用0.02 mol/L盐酸溶液稀释至1 mL, 混合均匀, 得到浓度为0.1 μmol/mL的标准对照品溶液。
选取规格基本相同的天冬样品, 干燥后粉碎混合均匀, 过筛(四号), 称取天冬粉末0.5 g, 精密称定, 置于25 mL玻璃水解管中, 精密加入5 mL浓度为6.0 mol/L的盐酸溶液, 摇匀, 封口, 称定重量。将水解管放入恒温干燥箱中, 在110 ℃下水解24 h, 冷却, 再称定重量, 用6.0 mol/L的盐酸补足减失的重量, 摇匀, 12000 r/min离心10 min, 精密量取上清液0.4 mL于蒸发皿中50 ℃条件下烘干, 用浓度为0.02 mol/L盐酸溶解并定容到10 mL的容量瓶中, 过滤, 即得。
色谱柱: 标准分析柱(3 μm×30 mm, 4.6 cm); 分离柱温度: 57.0 ℃; 柱温: 135 ℃; 缓冲液流速: 0.1 mL/min; 泵压90~120 kg/cm2; 茚三酮流速0.1 mL/min; 流动相为日立高速氨基酸自动分析计用缓冲液pH-1, 日立高速氨基酸自动分析计用缓冲液pH-2, 日立高速氨基酸自动分析计用缓冲液pH-3, 日立高速氨基酸自动分析计用缓冲液pH-4, 日立高速氨基酸自动分析计用缓冲液pH-RG, 5%乙醇, 纯水; 显色液为茚三酮显色液; 进样量: 20 μL。
运用数据统计软件SIMCA14.1对氨基酸含量数据进行化学统计学分析, 分析不同来源天冬样品的质量差异。
前期按照1.3.3项下色谱条件进样检测, 对样品提取条件中的水解时间、盐酸浓度、盐酸体积、水解温度进行考察, 结果表明, 当样品水解时间为24 h、盐酸浓度为6 mol/L、盐酸体积为5 mL、水解温度为110 ℃时, 水解效果最好, 总氨基酸含量最高, 因此选择以上条件作为天冬样品提取条件。氨基酸混合标准溶液的色谱图和天冬供试品溶液色谱图见图1~2
标准曲线: 分别精密量取氨基酸标准混合溶液10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μL, 用浓度为0.02 mol/L的盐酸分别定容到1 mL后, 按“1.3.3”项下的色谱条件进样测定, 以各氨基酸对照品溶液的浓度为横坐标X, 其相应的峰面积值为纵坐标Y, 绘制标准曲线, 并计算各氨基酸成分的回归方程, 结果表明, 18种氨基酸在线性范围内线性关系良好(r²: 0.9974~0.9997), 结果见表2
精密吸取1.3.1项下混合对照品溶液20 μL, 连续进样6次, 计算得18种氨基酸峰面积的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)均小于3%, 表明仪器精密度良好, 结果见表3
称取天冬粉末6份, 每份0.5 g, 精密称定, 分别按“1.3.2”项方法制备供试品溶液, 进样分析, 计算得天冬氨基酸总峰面积RSDs小于3%, 单个峰面积RSDs小于6%, 结果见表3, 表明该方法重复性良好。
取同一标准品溶液及同一供试品溶液, 分别于0、2、4、8、12、24 h进样分析, 计算得标准品溶液氨基酸峰面积的RSD小于3%, 供试品溶液氨基酸总峰面积RSD小于3%, 单个氨基酸峰面积的RSD小于5%, 表明标准品和供试品溶液在24 h内稳定性良好, 结果见表3
分别精密量取各供试品溶液20 μL, 注入氨基酸分析仪, 按优化后的条件, 测定各供试品含量, 如图3表4所示, 天冬中氨基酸的种类丰富, 已检出多种氨基酸, 包括Asp、Thr、Ser、Glu、Gly、Ala等, 其中包括6种必需氨基酸, 10种非必需氨基酸。天冬中Met含量较少, 不含Cys和Leu。比较不同来源天冬氨基酸含量, 发现西南天冬中氨基酸含量高于广西天冬和内江天冬, 平均含量达到5.73%, 不同批次间含量差异大, 其次为广西天冬, 平均含量为3.53%, 最后是内江产天冬, 平均含量为3.06%, 广西和内江天冬不同批次间含量差异较小。
天冬氨基酸测定结果表明, 天冬中氨基酸的种类丰富, 而且含量高, 说明天冬具有营养和滋补作用, 为其作为滋补佳品提供了依据。
主成分分析(principal component/components analysis, PCA)是一种常见的数据分析方法, 它利用降低维度的原理, 将多个与质量相关的指标通过正交变换为少数综合性指标的方法, 它本质上是一种无监督学习方法, 能够快速有效地处理复杂数据[13], 分析时根据数据的特征进行分析, 从而获得主成分。在PCA分析的得分图中, 样本点之间的距离代表它们之间的差异程度, 可以直观地展示出样品离群和集群的特点。在PCA分析的二维图中, 主成分的贡献率越高, 表明该主成分能够更加全面地反映出原有多指标信息的内容。将28批天冬样品的氨基酸导入SIMCA14.1软件进行PCA, 以建立更加直观的模型来确定影响天冬质量的关键指标。
图4所示, 前两个主成分对数据的贡献率高达72.2%。第一主成分占49.9%, 第二主成分占22.3%, 可以较好地解释整体数据。方差累计解释能力参数R2X为0.879, 表明PCA分析结果可以反映样品整体质量; 预测能力参数Q2为0.527, 表明此模型具有较好的预测能力。如图4所示, 28批天冬样品中, 内江天冬与广西天冬基本分不开, 表明这两个来源天冬的氨基酸含量与种类相似, 而西南天冬中氨基酸含量差异大, 能和它们较好的分离, 表明西南天冬与内江和广西天冬之间的差异较大, 西南天冬中仅S1、S6与广西天冬与内江天冬接近, 可能主要由于不同品种的差异, 当然其生长年限、不同产区的土壤、气候环境、温度、光照、湿度受生长年限及种内差异等因素也有一定的影响。
偏最小二乘法判别分析模型(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA)用于两组及以上组别的分类和判别, 是一种有监督的判别分析方法[14], 在分析数据时, 根据已知样本的分组关系, 构建分类预测模型, 进一步识别样品所属分类。
图5所示, 由OPLS-DA得分图可知, 不同来源天冬样品可分为2类, 西南天冬为一类, 内江天冬和广西天冬为一类, 说明不同来源天冬氨基酸含量具有相似性, 但也存在差异性。为防止模型出现过拟合, 利用200次置换检验对模型进行内部验证, 结果见图5D, 说明此模型不存在过度拟合, 稳定可靠、预测能力强。以氨基酸含量为变量进行重要性投影值(projected importance value, VIP)参数分析, VIP值表示对应化合物间的差异在模型中各样本分类判别中的影响强度, 一般认为VIP≥1的化合物, 则为差异显著。VIP值越大, 表明该化合物的贡献越大[15]。由图5C可知, Glu、Asp、Phe、Arg、Ser、Tyr VIP值均大于1, 表明该6种氨基酸在区分天冬来源中起到重要作用, 为产生差异的主要标志性成分。根据图5A和图5B可知, 西南天冬与内江天冬和广西天冬分离较好, 不同来源的天冬氨基酸的含量有差异, 但内江和广西天冬样本点聚集, 说明内江和广西天冬氨基酸含量相近。
天冬已被正式纳入药食同源管理, 作为药材, 2020版《中国药典》记载其具有养阴润燥, 清肺生津的功效[2], 此外, 天冬还具有多种功效, 包括免疫调节、抗溃疡、镇咳、抗氧化和抗菌、降糖、肾脏保护[16-17], 其中的氨基酸就具有良好的抗炎、抗氧化, 预防癫痫, 降血压等作用。据报道, Cys、组氨酸和Gly对肿瘤坏死因子-a (tumor necrosis factor-a, TNF-a)刺激的人冠状动脉内皮细胞诱导NF-kB活化、白细胞粘附分子CD62E表达和白细胞介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)的产生具有抑制作用[18], 可能是炎症性肠病治疗效果的原因[19], 支链氨基酸Ile、Leu和Val可减少健康受试者的炎症和酸痛, 可能减少免疫系统释放的细胞因子炎症化学物质, 对肝脏再生和机体营养状态有有利作用[20]。氨基酸也可以是相关次生理产物的来源, 用于维持炎症过程[21]。此外, 氨基酸还具有抗氧化特性, Met和Cys通过可逆蛋白质氧化, 伤口愈合可以通过氨基酸的存在来实现, 口服氨基酸补充剂与常规疗法一起改善肌肉蛋白质代谢和细胞功能维持, 促进外周骨骼肌和心肌中的蛋白质合成和能量产生[22-24]
天冬在我国多地有作为食品原料的食用历史, 主要食用方式为蒸食(鲜品)、煲汤、酿酒、茶饮、煮粥、制作蜜饯等。国家卫生健康委员会2024年第4号公告将天冬批准为既是食品又是中药材的物质(食药物质)[25]。天冬作为营养丰富的食品, 含有多种氨基酸, 其中的氨基酸是蛋白质合成所必需的, 也是所有活细胞的能量来源[26], 是构成人体营养所需蛋白质的基本物质, 可以帮助修复、恢复和建立人体组织, 是维持人体生理活动的重要生物活性物质[27]。此外, 氨基酸在提高食物的风味和颜色方面起着至关重要的作用, 使其成为食品质量的重要决定因素[28]。部分氨基酸还具有保鲜作用, 如Asp是一种鲜味氨基酸, 与Glu、Gly、Arg和Ala一起构成主要的鲜味氨基酸, 对食品的鲜味有重要影响[29], 本研究测定结果表明, 天冬中含有多种氨基酸, 故天冬作为中药材在抗炎、抗氧化等方面具有良好的药效, 作为营养食品, 在维持生命活动, 美容养颜等方面有较好的效果, 本研究为天冬作为补益佳品提供科学依据, 为目前天冬被正式列为药食同源的科学性提供了依据。
氨基酸自动分析仪具有高灵敏度、高效率和高特异性[30]。本研究用氨基酸自动分析仪建立了柱后茚三酮衍生光度法对天冬中16种氨基酸的含量测定方法, 实验首先优选了不同提取条件下天冬氨基酸最佳水解条件, 结果表明, 当水解时间为24 h, 盐酸浓度为6 mol/L, 料液比为1:10 (g:mL), 水解温度为110 ℃时, 天冬氨基酸提取效率最高。根据所测得28批天冬氨基酸含量进行PCA, 结果表明, 以所测得16种氨基酸含量为考察指标时, 同一来源天冬氨基酸在种类上相同, 但在含量上存在差异, 其主要原因可能与天冬来源、生长年限和生长环境有关, 由于多个批次天冬虽然是同一个来源, 但生长在不同产地, 造成了它们氨基酸含量存在一定差异。另外, 由于生长环境和来源差异, 西南天冬与内江天冬和广西天冬氨基酸含量存在较大差异, 但广西天冬与内江天冬存在一定相似性。
  • 四川省区域创新合作项目(2023YFQ0007)
  • 重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2022jxj1120040)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1601005-2)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241119002
  • 接收时间:2024-11-19
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-19
基金
四川省区域创新合作项目(2023YFQ0007)
重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2022jxj1120040)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1601005-2)
作者信息
    1.中药新药创制川渝共建重点实验室, 重庆 400065
    2.遵义医科大学药学院, 遵义 563000

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*阳勇(1979—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为中药化学、中药新药研发与质量标准研究。E-mail:
吕伟奇(1991—), 男, 博士, 主要研究方向为中药质量控制及药效物质基础研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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