Article(id=1153986778026464035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729094400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061487919, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061487919, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061487919, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061487919, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986778492031789, articleId=1153986778026464035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Rapid determination of 5 kinds of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, columnId=1153986581653349021, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish an automatic, fast and high-resolution detection method for 5 kinds of common pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of detecting pathogenic microorganisms in aquatic products. Methods Genes of owpW, tlh, invA, femA, and prfA from Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were amplified by multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were used as templates for single nucleotide extention and molecular weight of the extended probes was detected on the mass spectrometer. The molecular weight of probes for genes owpWtlhinvAfemA and prfA were 4848, 5435, 5890, 6560 and 7096 Da. The molecular weights of the extended probes were 5119 Da (plus A), 5697 Da (plus T), 6137 Da (plus C), 6822 Da (plus T) and 7383 Da (plus G), respectively. This finally determined system was verified by reproducibility test, specificity test, sensitivity test and detection test of artificially contaminated aquatic samples. Results Using a sample of mixed DNA from 5 kinds of different bacteria as a template for nucleic acid mass spectrometry detection, the corresponding 5 kinds of probes could be extended simultaneously with an extension efficiency greater than 80%. The above 5 kinds of bacteria would not be detected in samples using interfering bacteria as templates. The sensitivity for detecting Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae could reach 150, 350, 160, 130, and 180 CFU/mL, respectively. Conclusion This method demonstrates good reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, and has a high degree of automation, which can meet the detection needs of the above 5 kinds of microorganisms in aquatic products simultaneously.

, correspAuthors=Yun-Kai QIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Xia XIAO, Zhi-Jun DONG, Lin-Jun YANG, Jia-Qiang ZHU, Juan PAN, Yun-Kai QIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986801220964819, articleId=1153986778026464035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱技术快速检测水产品中5种致病菌, columnId=1153986778571723567, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立水产品中5种常见致病菌的自动化快速高分辨检测手段, 提高水产品致病微生物检测的效率和准确性。方法 设计引物对霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的特异基因owpWtlhinvAfemAprfA进行多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增; 设计特异探针以PCR产物为模板进行单碱基延伸, 延伸产物在基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)上进行检测。基因owpWtlhinvAfemAprfA的探针分子量分别为4848、5435、5890、6560、7096 Da, 单基因延伸后探针的分子量分别为5119 Da(加A)、5697 Da(加T)、6137 Da(加C)、6822 Da(加T)、7383 Da(加G)。最终确定的体系方法通过重现性试验、特异性试验、灵敏度试验、人工污染水产样本检测试验进行验证。结果 以混合5种菌DNA的样本为模板做核酸质谱检测, 对应的5个探针可以同时延伸, 延伸效率大于80%, 在以干扰菌为模板的样本中不会检出上述5种菌, 检出沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌的灵敏度分别可达到150、350、160、130、180 CFU/mL。结论 此方法展现出良好的重现性、特异性和灵敏度, 可以满足一次反应同时检测水产品中上述5种微生物的需求。

, correspAuthors=钱云开, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*钱云开(1982—), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品生物安全检验。E-mail:
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肖艳霞(1976—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品生物安全检验。E-mail:

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Investigation on the infection of heterodyne nematode larvae in sea fish sold in Qingdao, Shandong Province[J]. Journal of Medical Pest Control, 2017, 33(9): 985-986., articleTitle=Investigation on the infection of heterodyne nematode larvae in sea fish sold in Qingdao, Shandong Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369774390886538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=95, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=56, authorNames=蒋守富, 张小萍, 何艳燕, journalName=中国食品卫生杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋守富, 张小萍, 何艳燕. 食品寄生虫快速检测技术的应用进展[J]. 中国食品卫生杂志, 2014, 26(1): 95-100., articleTitle=食品寄生虫快速检测技术的应用进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369774453801100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=95, pageEnd=100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=57, authorNames=JIANG SF, ZHANG XP, HE YY, journalName=Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG SF, ZHANG XP, HE YY. Application progress on rapid detection technology of parasites in food[J]. 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注: A. 菌霍乱弧菌; B. 副溶血性弧菌; C. 沙门氏菌; D. 金黄色葡萄球菌; E. 单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。

, figureFileSmall=JbFzmY7BnMCSpGKaDb86Fw==, figureFileBig=o+kuHl8kPks29T+onmIBeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369768711798785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Results of pollution sample detection, figureFileSmall=EslzmW5DLuhAQ4OT09OG0g==, figureFileBig=kvFVunVChgFwKw23Y9eKtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369768766324738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=图5, caption=污染样本检测结果, figureFileSmall=EslzmW5DLuhAQ4OT09OG0g==, figureFileBig=kvFVunVChgFwKw23Y9eKtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369768837627907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称 引物序列
ompW-F ACGTTGGATGCTAGCCGTACTTGC
AGCCCTAAGCT
ompW-R ACGTTGGATGTTTGTAGGTTGCCGTTGT
tlh-F ACGTTGGATGTGGGCAAAAAACGAAGAT
tlh-R ACGTTGGATGCAGTTGTAGAGCGGAAGG
prfA-F ACGTTGGATGGATACAGAAACATCGGTTGGC
prfA-R ACGTTGGATGGTGTAATCTTGATGCCATCAG
invA-F ACGTTGGATGGTAACGCATGAAGAGGGGGA
invA-R ACGTTGGATGTTAACAAACGCTGCAAAACT
femA-F ACGTTGGATGAACAAGCGAGATAACTTACAAC
femA-R ACGTTGGATGTAACTTCCGGCAAAATGACGGA
), ArticleFig(id=1174369768908931076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称 引物序列
ompW-F ACGTTGGATGCTAGCCGTACTTGC
AGCCCTAAGCT
ompW-R ACGTTGGATGTTTGTAGGTTGCCGTTGT
tlh-F ACGTTGGATGTGGGCAAAAAACGAAGAT
tlh-R ACGTTGGATGCAGTTGTAGAGCGGAAGG
prfA-F ACGTTGGATGGATACAGAAACATCGGTTGGC
prfA-R ACGTTGGATGGTGTAATCTTGATGCCATCAG
invA-F ACGTTGGATGGTAACGCATGAAGAGGGGGA
invA-R ACGTTGGATGTTAACAAACGCTGCAAAACT
femA-F ACGTTGGATGAACAAGCGAGATAACTTACAAC
femA-R ACGTTGGATGTAACTTCCGGCAAAATGACGGA
), ArticleFig(id=1174369768988622853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multiplex PCR reaction system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分名称 反应液体积
模板 每种菌模板10.0 ng
PCR扩增预混液 2.5 μL
引物 1.0(每条引物0.1 μL)
总计 水补足5.0 μL
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769030565894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

多重PCR反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分名称 反应液体积
模板 每种菌模板10.0 ng
PCR扩增预混液 2.5 μL
引物 1.0(每条引物0.1 μL)
总计 水补足5.0 μL
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769089286151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

PCR amplification reaction thermal cycling program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程序 温度/℃ 时间 循环数/次
预变性 98 3 min 1
变性 98 20 s 45
退火/延伸 60 30 s
终延伸 72 5 min 1
终止 4 维持
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769135423496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PCR扩增反应热循环程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程序 温度/℃ 时间 循环数/次
预变性 98 3 min 1
变性 98 20 s 45
退火/延伸 60 30 s
终延伸 72 5 min 1
终止 4 维持
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769210920969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

SAP digestion reaction system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分名称 反应液体积/μL
PCR产物 5.0
缓冲液 0.2
SAP酶 0.5
1.3
总计 7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769265446922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

SAP消化反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分名称 反应液体积/μL
PCR产物 5.0
缓冲液 0.2
SAP酶 0.5
1.3
总计 7.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769315778571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

SAP digestive reaction program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程序 温度/℃ 时间 循环数/次
消化 37 30 min 1
灭活 65 5 min 1
终止 4 维持
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769366110220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

SAP消化反应程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程序 温度/℃ 时间 循环数/次
消化 37 30 min 1
灭活 65 5 min 1
终止 4 维持
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769429024781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Extention reaction system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分名称 反应液体积/μL
SAP产物 7.0
延伸缓冲液 0.3
单碱基延伸酶 0.5
链终止核苷酸 0.5
探针混合物 1.7
总体积 10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769508716558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

延伸反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分名称 反应液体积/μL
SAP产物 7.0
延伸缓冲液 0.3
单碱基延伸酶 0.5
链终止核苷酸 0.5
探针混合物 1.7
总体积 10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769559048207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Extention reaction program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程序 温度/℃ 时间 循环数/次
预变性 94 30 s 1
变性 94 5 s 40
退火 52 5 s
延伸 80 5 s
终延伸 72 3 min 1
终止 4 维持
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769621962768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

延伸反应程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
程序 温度/℃ 时间 循环数/次
预变性 94 30 s 1
变性 94 5 s 40
退火 52 5 s
延伸 80 5 s
终延伸 72 3 min 1
终止 4 维持
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769718431761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Base sequence and molecular weight extension primer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测基因 探针序列 探针分子量/Da 延伸单碱基 延伸后分子量/Da
ompW-P TGAAGTCCTCGCTGCT 4848 A 5119
tlh-P TACTTCACCATTGACGGC 5435 T 5697
prfA-P ATTTAGAAGTCATTAGCGAACAG 7096 G 7383
invA-P TTGGCTATGTGTTGCGGAA 5890 C 6137
femA-P AAAGATTGAAGAAGGTAAACG 6560 T 6822
), ArticleFig(id=1174369769785540626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986778026464035, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

延伸引物碱基序列及分子量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测基因 探针序列 探针分子量/Da 延伸单碱基 延伸后分子量/Da
ompW-P TGAAGTCCTCGCTGCT 4848 A 5119
tlh-P TACTTCACCATTGACGGC 5435 T 5697
prfA-P ATTTAGAAGTCATTAGCGAACAG 7096 G 7383
invA-P TTGGCTATGTGTTGCGGAA 5890 C 6137
femA-P AAAGATTGAAGAAGGTAAACG 6560 T 6822
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基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱技术快速检测水产品中5种致病菌
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肖艳霞 1 , 董志军 2 , 杨林军 2 , 朱家强 2 , 潘娟 3 , 钱云开 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(1): 28-35
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(1): 28-35
基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱技术快速检测水产品中5种致病菌
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肖艳霞1 , 董志军2, 杨林军2, 朱家强2, 潘娟3, 钱云开1, *
作者信息
  • 1.秦皇岛海关技术中心, 秦皇岛 066004
  • 2.北京鑫汇普瑞科技发展有限公司, 北京 102200
  • 3.天津国际旅行卫生保健中心, 天津 300456
  • 肖艳霞(1976—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品生物安全检验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*钱云开(1982—), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品生物安全检验。E-mail:
Rapid determination of 5 kinds of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Yan-Xia XIAO1 , Zhi-Jun DONG2, Lin-Jun YANG2, Jia-Qiang ZHU2, Juan PAN3, Yun-Kai QIAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Technology Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
  • 2. Beijing XinhuiPro Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
  • 3. Tianjin International Travel Healthcare Center, Tianjin 300456, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017002
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目的 建立水产品中5种常见致病菌的自动化快速高分辨检测手段, 提高水产品致病微生物检测的效率和准确性。方法 设计引物对霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的特异基因owpWtlhinvAfemAprfA进行多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增; 设计特异探针以PCR产物为模板进行单碱基延伸, 延伸产物在基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)上进行检测。基因owpWtlhinvAfemAprfA的探针分子量分别为4848、5435、5890、6560、7096 Da, 单基因延伸后探针的分子量分别为5119 Da(加A)、5697 Da(加T)、6137 Da(加C)、6822 Da(加T)、7383 Da(加G)。最终确定的体系方法通过重现性试验、特异性试验、灵敏度试验、人工污染水产样本检测试验进行验证。结果 以混合5种菌DNA的样本为模板做核酸质谱检测, 对应的5个探针可以同时延伸, 延伸效率大于80%, 在以干扰菌为模板的样本中不会检出上述5种菌, 检出沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌的灵敏度分别可达到150、350、160、130、180 CFU/mL。结论 此方法展现出良好的重现性、特异性和灵敏度, 可以满足一次反应同时检测水产品中上述5种微生物的需求。

致病菌  /  基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱技术  /  单碱基延伸

Objective To establish an automatic, fast and high-resolution detection method for 5 kinds of common pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of detecting pathogenic microorganisms in aquatic products. Methods Genes of owpW, tlh, invA, femA, and prfA from Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were amplified by multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were used as templates for single nucleotide extention and molecular weight of the extended probes was detected on the mass spectrometer. The molecular weight of probes for genes owpWtlhinvAfemA and prfA were 4848, 5435, 5890, 6560 and 7096 Da. The molecular weights of the extended probes were 5119 Da (plus A), 5697 Da (plus T), 6137 Da (plus C), 6822 Da (plus T) and 7383 Da (plus G), respectively. This finally determined system was verified by reproducibility test, specificity test, sensitivity test and detection test of artificially contaminated aquatic samples. Results Using a sample of mixed DNA from 5 kinds of different bacteria as a template for nucleic acid mass spectrometry detection, the corresponding 5 kinds of probes could be extended simultaneously with an extension efficiency greater than 80%. The above 5 kinds of bacteria would not be detected in samples using interfering bacteria as templates. The sensitivity for detecting Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae could reach 150, 350, 160, 130, and 180 CFU/mL, respectively. Conclusion This method demonstrates good reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, and has a high degree of automation, which can meet the detection needs of the above 5 kinds of microorganisms in aquatic products simultaneously.

pathogenic bacteria  /  matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry  /  single nucleotide extension
肖艳霞, 董志军, 杨林军, 朱家强, 潘娟, 钱云开. 基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱技术快速检测水产品中5种致病菌. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017002
Yan-Xia XIAO, Zhi-Jun DONG, Lin-Jun YANG, Jia-Qiang ZHU, Juan PAN, Yun-Kai QIAN. Rapid determination of 5 kinds of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic products by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 28 -35 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017002
进入21世纪以来, 我国人民的生活水平有了显著提高, 民众的饮食更加丰富多样, 其中水产品由于营养丰富、口味鲜美深受人们的喜爱, 我国本土的水产销售份额以及进口份额同步快速增长[1-2]。水产品在养殖、运输、销售各个环节都极易受到病原微生物的污染[3], 随之而来的食品安全问题也成了关注的焦点。市场随机检测结果显示市场水产品中病原微生物的检出率高, 这给人民群众的身体健康和生命安全带来很大的隐患[4-5]。副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella), 这5种菌是水产品卫生安全监测中常见的污染致病菌检测项目[6-7]。开发应用新型检测技术, 丰富食品安全检测手段对食品安全管理具有重要意义。
随着科学技术的进步, 近20年来致病菌检测有了飞速的发展, 各种技术手段如表型鉴定、免疫学鉴定、分子鉴定、生物传感器鉴定等层出不穷[8]。传统的病原菌检测依赖微生物的形态学和生长特性, 须通过分离培养后经形态学、生化检测, 虽然检测结果准确且灵敏度高, 但过程复杂, 时间长, 对操作人员要求高[8]。近年来基于微生物特异基因的分子生物学在食品微生物检测中的应用发展迅速, 其中包括多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)、实时定量PCR[9-10]、数字PCR[11]、基因芯片[12]等。不同的方法拥有各自的优势, 多重PCR时间快, 实时定量PCR准确度高, 数字PCR灵敏度高, 基因芯片通量高, 但也不可避免地存在自身无法避免的缺陷。多重PCR的准确度较低, 特别是样本存在干扰物质影响时, 其准确性更容易受影响; 实时定量PCR和数字PCR通量有限, 且检测成本高; 基因芯片虽然通量高, 但操作烦琐、成本高。
基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)利用激光激发基质与分散在基质中的样品形成的共结晶, 使得基质-样品之间发生电荷转移样品带电, 带电样品在电场作用下进入真空飞行管中, 通过计算飞行时间, 测得样品分子量。MALDI-TOF MS具有操作简单、快速、高灵敏度、高特异性的特点, 可以同时对生物大分子蛋白质、核酸进行检测, 性能优越[13]。在蛋白质谱方面, 通过建立微生物的蛋白指纹图谱数据库, MALDI-TOF MS已经被广泛应用于微生物检测[14-16]。同时MALDI-TOF MS在肿瘤标志物检测中也有大量研究报道[17-18]。在核酸质谱方面, 利用MALDI-TOF MS检测探针单碱基延伸后的分子量已经被用于基因遗传突变检测[19-20]、药物代谢基因SNP位点检测[21-23]、病原菌耐药性检测[24]、病原菌分型[25-27]及多重病原体检测等领域[28-30]。核酸质谱技术以其特有的高通量、快速的优势, 已经广泛应用于临床, 然而在食品检测领域的应用基本处于空白。本研究以水产品中常见5种致病微生物副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌为研究对象, 建立PCR联合MALDI-TOF MS检测技术, 以期实现水产品中5种常见病原微生物的同时快速准确检测。
标准菌株大肠埃希氏杆菌(Escherichia coli, ATCC 8739)、副溶血性弧菌(CICC 21617)、肠沙门氏菌肠亚种肠炎血清型(Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, CICC 21523)、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(CICC 21633)、金黄色葡萄球菌(CICC 10384)、霍乱弧菌(CICC 23794)、肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli EPEC, CICC 24189)、阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae, CICC 10013)、费氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii, CICC 10404)、奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis, CICC 21516)、宋内氏志贺氏菌(Shigella sonnei, CICC 21535)、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae, CICC 22914)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila, CICC 10868)、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia enterocolitica, CICC 21669)各1株, 通过中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心购买。
增菌培养基: 缓冲蛋白胨水(buffered peptone water, BPW)用于沙门氏菌、霍乱弧菌的前增菌培养; 7.5%氯化钠肉汤金用于黄色葡萄球菌前增菌培养; 李氏增菌肉汤(listeria enrichment broth, LB1, LB2)基础用于单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌前增菌培养; 3%氯化钠碱性蛋白胨水(alkaline peptone water, APW)用于副溶血性弧菌增菌培养及营养琼脂。以上培养基均购自北京陆桥技术有限责任公司。
Tone 96基因扩增仪(德国耶拿Biometra公司); CPRO-180飞行时间质谱系统(北京鑫汇普瑞科技发展有限公司); DYY-6D型电泳仪(北京六一生物科技有限公司); Gel Doc XR+凝胶成像系统(美国Bio-Rad伯乐公司); HPX-9082MBE电热恒温培养箱(上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂); BSC-150011A-2-X生物安全柜(济南鑫贝西生物技术有限公司); 1.5 mL微量离心管、0.2 mL PCR单管(江苏康宁生命科学有限公司)。
甲酸、三氟乙酸(trifluoroacetic acid, TFA)、乙腈(acetonitrile, ACN)、无水乙醇、α-氰-4-羟基肉桂酸(alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, CHCA)(美国Fisher Chemical公司); PCR检测的引物及探针(上海生工生物工程有限公司); 细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒(M3223660)、2×高保真PCR预混液(10103ES03)(上海翌圣生物科技股份有限公司); 核酸质谱反应试剂盒(XH202220, 北京鑫汇普瑞科技发展有限公司)。
三文鱼(京东京鲜采专营店)。
在1.5 mL离心管中混合500 mL乙腈、500 mL去离子水、250 μL TFA, 称取10 mg CHCA融入上述混合液中充分溶解。
取细菌培养液1.0 mL, 用细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取DNA, 保存于-20 ℃冰箱备用。
使用现行标准中标注的5种致病菌的特异基因为目的基因, 分别设计扩增引物, 组合进行多重PCR反应, 筛选有效的引物组合。引物序列见表1。为了避免引物对后期质谱检测探针时造成干扰, 在引物的5’端加10 bp碱基的接头序列, 使引物的分子量大于9000 Da, 在探针的分子量范围之外。分别使用54、56、58、60、62、64 ℃作为退火温度反应测试扩增效率, 在保证有效扩增的基础上使用较高的退火温度60 ℃, 预防非特异扩增。
多重PCR反应体系如下: 5种致病菌DNA模板各10 ng, 10 μmol/L的5对上下游引物各0.1 μL, 共1 μL; 2.5 μL Premix Taq; 无菌超纯水补充至总体积5 μL。
PCR反应条件: 98 ℃预变性5 min; 94 ℃变性30 s, 60 ℃退火及延伸30 s, 进行45个循环; 72 ℃延伸5 min, 16 ℃保存。
核酸质谱检测步骤包括: 多重PCR扩增、虾碱性磷酸酶(staphylococcus aureus protease, SAP)消化、单碱基延伸、树脂纯化去盐、点样(取0.5 μL基质点于靶板上, 待晾干后再点0.5 μL纯化产物覆盖其上并继续晾干)、上机采集样本谱图, 然后根据峰图判定检测结果。
(1)多重PCR扩增
表2所示, 配制PCR反应液, 按表3进行PCR扩增。也可以根据需要等比例扩大PCR体系。
(2)虾碱性磷酸酶消化
取5.0 μL PCR扩增产物加入虾碱性磷酸酶, 37 ℃消化。其中各试剂组分比例如表4, 反应程序如表5
(3)单碱基延伸
表6所示, 配制延伸反应液, 按表7程序所示进行延伸反应。延伸引物碱基序列及分子量见表8
(4)树脂纯化去盐
延伸反应完毕后, 在产物分析区向每支PCR管/孔延伸产物中加入16 µL已混合好的湿树脂, 颠倒混匀静置5 min, 之后用迷你桌面离心机短暂离心30 s。
(5)点样
取0.5 μL基质点加到靶板上, 干燥后, 将0.5 μL纯化后的纯化产物点样基质上晾干。
(6)上机检测
将靶板送入质谱仪舱内, 利用CPRO-180实时工作站系统XH-TOF获得产物分子量谱图(参数设置为SP1电压20 kV, SP2电压5 kV, 聚焦电压10 kV, 检测器电压2.7 kV, 脉冲延迟600 ns, 脉冲宽度200 ns, 激光频率20 Hz, 激光能量50%), 用单碱基延伸分析软件(鑫汇核酸质谱检测系统)计算得出延伸结果。
取菌株肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌、阿氏肠杆菌、费氏柠檬酸杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、宋内氏志贺氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌, 经培养后, 各取1×108 CFU/mL菌液提取基因组并建立一个模板库。按照1.3.4的PCR-MALDI-TOF MS方法对模板库检测, 检测非目标菌是否会产生假阳性结果。
将5种致病菌标准菌株用双蒸水10倍梯度稀释成1×106、1×105、1×104、1×103、1×102、1×101 CFU/mL的浓度, 提取基因组为模板, 进行PCR-MALDI-TOF MS检测, 建立方法的灵敏性, 测定5种致病菌检出限。将1×104、1×103、1×102、1×101 CFU/mL的菌液进行平板计数, 涂布3个平板, 取平均值确定菌液准确浓度。
取三文鱼样品各25.0 g, 同5种致病菌混合后分别加入到225 mL增菌培养基中(初始含菌量为1×102 CFU/mL的模拟样品), 培养18 h。取菌悬液1.0 mL, 提取样本DNA, 进行核酸质谱检测。
所有试验数据为至少重复3次后得出的一致结果。使用WPS Office 2023制作表格, 使用Adobe Illustrator 2020、Potoshop 2018绘图。
将霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌的特异基因owpWtlhinvAfemAprfA进行多重PCR扩增。在PCR产物中, 加入探针进行单碱基延伸, 延伸前的探针质谱检测结果如图1。4848 Da为霍乱弧菌特异基因owpW探针分子量, 5435 Da为副溶血性弧菌特异基因tlh探针分子量, 5890 Da为沙门氏菌特异基因invA探针分子量, 6560 Da为金黄色葡萄球菌特异基因femA探针分子量, 7096 Da为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌特异基因prfA探针分子量。延伸后的探针上质谱检测结果如图2, 5119 Da为霍乱弧菌4848分子量探针加A延伸而成, 5697 Da为副溶血性弧菌5435分子量探针加T延伸而成, 6137 Da为沙门氏菌5889分子量探针加C延伸而成, 6822 Da为金黄色葡萄球菌6560分子量探针加T延伸而成, 7383 Da单增7095分子量探针加G延伸而成, 5条对应探针可以同时延伸, 且延伸效率大于80%。
取肠道致病性大肠埃希氏菌、阿氏肠杆菌、费氏柠檬酸杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、宋内氏志贺氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌8种非目标菌, 提取基因组DNA进行PCR-MALDI-TOF MS检测, 结果如图3, 结果显示5种致病菌的探针都没有延伸。试验结果表明: 本研究开发的5种致病菌MALDI-TOF MS快速检测技术有很好的特异性。为了将核酸质谱技术和多重PCR检测进行比较, 将以干扰菌株为模板进行的多重PCR扩增产物进行了电泳检测, 结果发现有数条微弱的条带。当干扰菌株的DNA模板浓度高, 随着凝胶成像仪曝光强度提高, 多重PCR可以看到扩增条带。核酸质谱的结果显示良好的特异性, 证明这些条带都是非特异性扩增。因此, 可以得出与单纯的多重PCR电泳检测相比, 核酸质谱技术有更好的特异性。
5种致病菌的1×102 CFU/mL浓度及以上菌液提取的DNA都能检测到相应分子量探针的延伸, 其探针延伸产物的峰强超过20, 结果可信。5种菌霍乱弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌1×102 CFU/mL浓度梯度样本PCR-MALDI-TOF MS检测结果如图4。部分菌的10 CFU/mL梯度稀释菌液提取的DNA也能检测到相应分子量探针的延伸, 但峰强低于20。根据培养皿上的菌落计数结果确定的准确细菌浓度, 本研究所建立的方法可检出沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌的灵敏度分别可达到150、350、160、130、180 CFU/mL。将相同用量DNA的做模板用多重PCR扩增经电泳检测, 在低曝光下几乎看不到电泳条带, 高曝光下只能检测到微弱的电泳条带, 显示核酸质谱技术的灵敏度要比多重PCR高。
人工污染感染食品检测结果显示实际样品感染5种致病菌后, PCR-MALDI-TOF MS检测结果如图5, 结果显示准确检出5种致病菌。同时依据GB 4789.4—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》中传统生化方法对人工污染食品中的沙门氏菌进行了检测, 沙门氏菌检测结果为阳性。传统生化检测约需要4 d, 检测过程烦琐, 试剂成本高, 且一个项目检出一种微生物; 相比核酸质谱技术降低检测成本、缩短检测时间, 且一次性检测5种致病微生物, 提高了检测的效率。
核酸质谱技术以多重PCR技术为基础, 提高了检测的通量, 同时质谱技术能准确测定产物的特异分子量, 因此核酸质谱技术的准确度高。核酸质谱技术有快速、准确、高通量的特点。本研究使用国产核酸质谱仪器和试剂, 建立了基于PCR-MALDI-TOF MS的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌5种常见致病菌同时检测的技术。另外鱼虱、异尖线虫、传染性鲑鱼贫血病毒也是水产品中常见的致病生物[31-32], 由于样本来源的问题, 本研究暂时没能建立同时对水产品中5种微生物、2种虫及1种病毒的检测。核酸质谱技术完全可以满足水产品多种生物检测的要求, 未来会进一步建立水产品中8种致病生物的核酸质谱检测方法, 提高水产品致病生物检测的效率和准确性。
  • 河北省重点研发计划项目(213777109D)
  • 海关总署科研项目(2024HK119)
  • 海关总署科研项目(2024HK264)
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2025年第16卷第1期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241017002
  • 接收时间:2024-10-17
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-17
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(213777109D)
海关总署科研项目(2024HK119)
海关总署科研项目(2024HK264)
作者信息
    1.秦皇岛海关技术中心, 秦皇岛 066004
    2.北京鑫汇普瑞科技发展有限公司, 北京 102200
    3.天津国际旅行卫生保健中心, 天津 300456

通讯作者:

*钱云开(1982—), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品生物安全检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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