Article(id=1153986716781236339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727539200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061473317, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061473317, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061473317, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061473317, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986709126635984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061471492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760345674980, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=119, endPage=126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986717662040184, articleId=1153986716781236339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Effects of different processes on nutritional compositions and minerals in the processing of tender Laminaria japonica, columnId=1153986712016506967, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Research on Optimization and Application of Food Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of different processes on nutritional compositions and minerals in the processing of tender Laminaria japonica. Methods In this paper, the effects of blanching and salting processes on the main nutritional compositions and minerals of tender Laminaria japonica during processing were studied. Results The content of water, crude protein, dietary fiber, crude fat, alginate, mannitol, iodine, amino acids, manganese, phosphorus, iron, and potassium in fresh tender Laminaria japonica were the highest, followed by blanched tender Laminaria japonica, and the lowest was salted tender Laminaria japonica, which might be due to the high temperature of blanching and the dehydration process of salting, resulting in varying degrees of loss of nutrients in tender Laminaria japonica. Amino acid composition analysis showed that fresh tender Laminaria japonica was more in line with the ideal protein pattern recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Heavy metal content analysis showed that the content of heavy metal elements in tender Laminaria japonica met the food safety standards at home and abroad. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of fresh tender Laminaria japonica was the highest and the quality was the best. After blanching and salting, the comprehensive nutritional quality of fresh tender Laminaria japonica decreased. Conclusion During the processing of tender Laminaria japonica, nutritional compositions and minerals are lost to varying degrees after blanching and salting. This study can provide a scientific basis for the high-value development, utilization, and sustainable development of tender Laminaria japonica in the future.

, correspAuthors=Yin WANG, He-Jian XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-Ling WANG, Ting-Ru CHEN, Zhi-Yu LIU, Ying LI, Xiao-Ting CHEN, Lin-Ao FAN, Yi-Feng YE, Yin WANG, He-Jian XIONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986727216664849, articleId=1153986716781236339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=嫩芽海带加工中不同工序对营养成分及矿物质的影响, columnId=1153986712150724698, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品加工工艺优化及应用研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究嫩芽海带加工过程中不同工序对营养成分及矿物质的影响。方法 本研究探究了嫩芽海带在加工过程中热烫和盐渍工序对其主要营养成分和矿物质的影响。结果 新鲜嫩芽海带的水分、粗蛋白质、膳食纤维、粗脂肪、褐藻胶、甘露醇、碘、氨基酸、锰、磷、铁和钾含量最高, 其次为热烫后的嫩芽海带, 盐渍嫩芽海带最低, 这可能是由于热烫高温和盐渍脱水加工过程使嫩芽海带中营养成分出现不同程度的损失。氨基酸组成分析表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带更符合联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的理想蛋白质模式。重金属含量分析表明嫩芽海带重金属元素含量均符合国内外食品安全标准规定。主成分分析结果表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带的综合得分最高, 品质最佳, 经过热烫和盐渍后新鲜嫩芽海带的综合营养品质有所下降。结论 嫩芽海带在加工过程中经热烫和盐渍后, 营养成分和矿物质均出现不同程度的损失, 本研究可为嫩芽海带今后的高值化开发利用和可持续发展提供科学依据。

, correspAuthors=王茵, 熊何健, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王茵(1983—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品加工与综合利用。E-mail:
熊何健(1968—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品化学与营养。E-mail:
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王晓玲(1995—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品加工。E-mail:

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王晓玲(1995—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品加工。E-mail:

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王晓玲(1995—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品加工。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(10): 49-55., articleTitle=Study on meat quality evaluation of Ningdu yellow chicken based on correlation and principal component analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566921195307442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=25, issue=11, pageStart=143, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=52, authorNames=刘宇鹏, 陈芳, 古书鸿, journalName=中国农业科技导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘宇鹏, 陈芳, 古书鸿, 等. 贵州不同产地冬荪营养成分分析及品质评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(11): 143-153., articleTitle=贵州不同产地冬荪营养成分分析及品质评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566921283387827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=25, issue=11, pageStart=143, pageEnd=153, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=53, authorNames=LIU YP, CHEN F, GU SH, journalName=Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU YP, CHEN F, GU SH, et al. Analysis of nutritional compositions and evaluation of quality on Phallus impudicus L. from different producing areas in Guizhou[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(11): 143-153., articleTitle=Analysis of nutritional compositions and evaluation of quality on Phallus impudicus L. from different producing areas in Guizhou, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1184566915834986873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, awardId=2021HYJG15, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省海洋与渔业结构调整专项(2021HYJG15), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566915885318522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, awardId=2023R1012002, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1012002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566916011147643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, awardId=FJHY-YYKJ-2024-1-17, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2024-1-17), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566916078256508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, awardId=FJHY-YYKJ-2023-1-2, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2023-1-2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566916153753981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, awardId=23YYST0770CA05, language=CN, fundingSource=厦门市海洋与渔业发展专项青年科技创新项目(23YYST0770CA05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1184566911045091622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566911049285927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, companyId=1184566911045091622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566911112200491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, companyId=1184566911103811881, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 厦门 361021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1184566911158337836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566911162532141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, companyId=1184566911158337836, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566911170920750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, companyId=1184566911158337836, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.福建农林大学食品科学学院, 福州 350002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1184566914283094375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Salted processing technology of tender Laminaria japonica, figureFileSmall=2r29WjAcGl4RH/KZ8sk9rQ==, figureFileBig=e4lwScytEdCSpE5DozGceA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566914333426024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=图1, caption=嫩芽海带盐渍加工工艺, figureFileSmall=2r29WjAcGl4RH/KZ8sk9rQ==, figureFileBig=e4lwScytEdCSpE5DozGceA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566914383757673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Changes of nutritional compositions in tender Laminaria japonica during processing (g/100 g, dry basis, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本营养
成分
新鲜嫩芽
海带
热烫后的
嫩芽海带
盐渍嫩芽
海带
粗蛋白质 16.52±0.07a 14.43±0.16b 9.75±0.10c
粗脂肪 0.73±0.06a 0.65±0.06a 0.20±0.02b
膳食纤维 28.23±0.24a 24.41±0.08b 19.14±0.03c
灰分 14.25±0.06a 12.10±0.05b 37.83±0.11c
), ArticleFig(id=1184566914530558314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

嫩芽海带在加工过程中基本营养成分含量变化(g/100 g, 干重, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本营养
成分
新鲜嫩芽
海带
热烫后的
嫩芽海带
盐渍嫩芽
海带
粗蛋白质 16.52±0.07a 14.43±0.16b 9.75±0.10c
粗脂肪 0.73±0.06a 0.65±0.06a 0.20±0.02b
膳食纤维 28.23±0.24a 24.41±0.08b 19.14±0.03c
灰分 14.25±0.06a 12.10±0.05b 37.83±0.11c
), ArticleFig(id=1184566914597667179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes of sodium alginate, mannitol and iodine in tender Laminaria japonica during processing (g/100 g, dry basis, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 新鲜嫩芽海带 热烫后的嫩芽海带 盐渍嫩芽海带
褐藻胶 21.96±0.07a 19.14±0.04b 11.21±0.01c
甘露醇 3.84±0.02a 2.27±0.01b 1.42±0.01c
0.16±0.00a 0.02±0.00b 0.01±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1184566914652193132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

嫩芽海带在加工过程中褐藻胶、甘露醇和碘含量变化(g/100 g, 干重, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分 新鲜嫩芽海带 热烫后的嫩芽海带 盐渍嫩芽海带
褐藻胶 21.96±0.07a 19.14±0.04b 11.21±0.01c
甘露醇 3.84±0.02a 2.27±0.01b 1.42±0.01c
0.16±0.00a 0.02±0.00b 0.01±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1184566914715107693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes of amino acids in tender Laminaria japonica during processing(%, dry basis, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 新鲜嫩芽海带 热烫后的嫩芽海带 盐渍嫩芽海带 FAO/WHO标准
苏氨酸* 0.91±0.01a 0.71±0.00b 0.49±0.01c 0.28
缬氨酸* 1.08±0.02a 0.76±0.02b 0.56±0.01c 0.42
蛋氨酸* 0.17±0.02a 0.13±0.01a 0.07±0.01b 0.22
异亮氨酸* 0.82±0.02a 0.55±0.01b 0.41±0.01c 0.42
亮氨酸* 1.44±0.03a 0.98±0.01b 0.74±0.01c 0.48
苯基丙氨酸* 0.89±0.02a 0.60±0.01b 0.46±0.01c 0.28
赖氨酸* 0.98±0.01a 0.65±0.01b 0.52±0.01c 0.42
色氨酸* 0.17±0.01a 0.08±0.00b 0.04±0.00c -
天冬氨酸# 1.74±0.03a 1.29±0.01b 0.93±0.01c -
丝氨酸 0.79±0.00a 0.61±0.00b 0.43±0.01c -
谷氨酸# 1.89±0.03a 1.35±0.01b 1.00±0.01c -
甘氨酸# 1.01±0.02a 0.73±0.01b 0.53±0.01c -
丙氨酸# 1.25±0.02a 0.92±0.01b 0.65±0.01c -
酪氨酸 0.55±0.01a 0.39±0.00b 0.28±0.00c -
组氨酸 0.33±0.01a 0.20±0.00b 0.17±0.00c -
精氨酸 0.95±0.02a 0.67±0.01b 0.50±0.01c -
脯氨酸 0.70±0.01a 0.51±0.00b 0.39±0.01c -
胱氨酸 0.20±0.00a 0.18±0.00b 0.12±0.00c -
EAA 6.46 4.47 3.29 -
NEAA 9.41 6.85 5.00 -
TAA 15.87 11.32 8.29 -
FAA 5.89 4.29 3.11 -
EAA/TAA 40.71 39.49 39.69 -
EAA/NEAA 68.65 65.26 65.80 -
FAA/TAA 37.11 37.90 37.52 -
), ArticleFig(id=1184566914819965294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

嫩芽海带在加工过程中氨基酸含量变化(%, 干重, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类 新鲜嫩芽海带 热烫后的嫩芽海带 盐渍嫩芽海带 FAO/WHO标准
苏氨酸* 0.91±0.01a 0.71±0.00b 0.49±0.01c 0.28
缬氨酸* 1.08±0.02a 0.76±0.02b 0.56±0.01c 0.42
蛋氨酸* 0.17±0.02a 0.13±0.01a 0.07±0.01b 0.22
异亮氨酸* 0.82±0.02a 0.55±0.01b 0.41±0.01c 0.42
亮氨酸* 1.44±0.03a 0.98±0.01b 0.74±0.01c 0.48
苯基丙氨酸* 0.89±0.02a 0.60±0.01b 0.46±0.01c 0.28
赖氨酸* 0.98±0.01a 0.65±0.01b 0.52±0.01c 0.42
色氨酸* 0.17±0.01a 0.08±0.00b 0.04±0.00c -
天冬氨酸# 1.74±0.03a 1.29±0.01b 0.93±0.01c -
丝氨酸 0.79±0.00a 0.61±0.00b 0.43±0.01c -
谷氨酸# 1.89±0.03a 1.35±0.01b 1.00±0.01c -
甘氨酸# 1.01±0.02a 0.73±0.01b 0.53±0.01c -
丙氨酸# 1.25±0.02a 0.92±0.01b 0.65±0.01c -
酪氨酸 0.55±0.01a 0.39±0.00b 0.28±0.00c -
组氨酸 0.33±0.01a 0.20±0.00b 0.17±0.00c -
精氨酸 0.95±0.02a 0.67±0.01b 0.50±0.01c -
脯氨酸 0.70±0.01a 0.51±0.00b 0.39±0.01c -
胱氨酸 0.20±0.00a 0.18±0.00b 0.12±0.00c -
EAA 6.46 4.47 3.29 -
NEAA 9.41 6.85 5.00 -
TAA 15.87 11.32 8.29 -
FAA 5.89 4.29 3.11 -
EAA/TAA 40.71 39.49 39.69 -
EAA/NEAA 68.65 65.26 65.80 -
FAA/TAA 37.11 37.90 37.52 -
), ArticleFig(id=1184566914912239983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Changes of mineral elements in tender Laminaria japonica during processing (mg/kg, dry basis, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质
元素
新鲜嫩芽
海带
热烫后的
嫩芽海带
盐渍嫩芽
海带
Mg (×103) 6.08±0.03b 14.44±0.17a 4.75±0.02c
Mn 31.83±0.22a 19.13±0.35b 4.88±0.14c
Fe (×103) 1.06±0.02a 0.68±0.03b 0.06±0.00c
P (×103) 7.60±0.11a 2.71±0.06b 1.01±0.04c
Ca (×103) 7.60±0.12b 11.27±0.14a 3.25±0.06c
Ca/P 1.0:1 4.2:1 3.2:1
K (×103) 179.89±1.57a 22.32±0.33b 9.24±0.15c
Na (×103) 34.19±1.11c 95.51±2.41b 470.38±10.44a
Na/K 0.19 4.28 50.91
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915021291888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

嫩芽海带在加工过程中矿物质元素含量变化(mg/kg, 干重, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质
元素
新鲜嫩芽
海带
热烫后的
嫩芽海带
盐渍嫩芽
海带
Mg (×103) 6.08±0.03b 14.44±0.17a 4.75±0.02c
Mn 31.83±0.22a 19.13±0.35b 4.88±0.14c
Fe (×103) 1.06±0.02a 0.68±0.03b 0.06±0.00c
P (×103) 7.60±0.11a 2.71±0.06b 1.01±0.04c
Ca (×103) 7.60±0.12b 11.27±0.14a 3.25±0.06c
Ca/P 1.0:1 4.2:1 3.2:1
K (×103) 179.89±1.57a 22.32±0.33b 9.24±0.15c
Na (×103) 34.19±1.11c 95.51±2.41b 470.38±10.44a
Na/K 0.19 4.28 50.91
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915096789361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Changes of heavy metal elements in tender Laminaria japonica during processing (mg/kg, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属
成分
新鲜嫩苗
海带
热烫后的
嫩芽海带
盐渍嫩芽
海带
总汞 ND ND ND
无机砷 0.09±0.01 0.09±0.00 0.12±0.01
Cd 0.02±0.00 0.02±0.00 0.02±0.00
Pb ND 0.07±0.00 0.15±0.00
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915159703922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

嫩芽海带在加工过程中重金属元素含量变化(mg/kg, n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属
成分
新鲜嫩苗
海带
热烫后的
嫩芽海带
盐渍嫩芽
海带
总汞 ND ND ND
无机砷 0.09±0.01 0.09±0.00 0.12±0.01
Cd 0.02±0.00 0.02±0.00 0.02±0.00
Pb ND 0.07±0.00 0.15±0.00
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915243590003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Principal component eigenvalues and contribution rates of the nutritional quality of tender Laminaria japonica

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分 特征值 贡献率/% 累计贡献率/%
1 29.316 88.836 88.836
2 3.684 11.164 100
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915306504564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

嫩芽海带营养品质的主成分特征值和贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分 特征值 贡献率/% 累计贡献率/%
1 29.316 88.836 88.836
2 3.684 11.164 100
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915402973557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Factor loading matrix of principal component analysis of the nutritional quality of tender Laminaria japonica

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 主成分
1 2
丝氨酸 1.000 -0.003
苏氨酸 1.000 -0.031
Mn 0.999 -0.037
丙氨酸 0.999 0.054
天冬氨酸 0.998 0.061
甘氨酸 0.996 0.092
膳食纤维 0.995 -0.095
酪氨酸 0.995 0.103
谷氨酸 0.993 0.119
脯氨酸 0.992 0.126
缬氨酸 0.992 0.129
精氨酸 0.991 0.136
蛋氨酸 0.990 -0.140
Fe 0.990 -0.141
甘露醇 0.986 0.166
亮氨酸 0.985 0.175
异亮氨酸 0.984 0.177
苯丙基氨酸 0.981 0.194
粗蛋白质 0.976 -0.219
赖氨酸 0.971 0.240
P 0.964 0.266
色氨酸 0.964 0.266
褐藻胶 0.963 -0.268
胱氨酸 0.960 -0.281
组氨酸 0.942 0.336
粗脂肪 0.926 -0.377
Na -0.922 0.387
0.906 0.424
K 0.900 0.436
水分 0.879 -0.477
灰分 -0.824 0.567
Mg 0.123 -0.992
Ca 0.539 -0.842
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915520414070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

嫩芽海带营养品质的主成分分析因子载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 主成分
1 2
丝氨酸 1.000 -0.003
苏氨酸 1.000 -0.031
Mn 0.999 -0.037
丙氨酸 0.999 0.054
天冬氨酸 0.998 0.061
甘氨酸 0.996 0.092
膳食纤维 0.995 -0.095
酪氨酸 0.995 0.103
谷氨酸 0.993 0.119
脯氨酸 0.992 0.126
缬氨酸 0.992 0.129
精氨酸 0.991 0.136
蛋氨酸 0.990 -0.140
Fe 0.990 -0.141
甘露醇 0.986 0.166
亮氨酸 0.985 0.175
异亮氨酸 0.984 0.177
苯丙基氨酸 0.981 0.194
粗蛋白质 0.976 -0.219
赖氨酸 0.971 0.240
P 0.964 0.266
色氨酸 0.964 0.266
褐藻胶 0.963 -0.268
胱氨酸 0.960 -0.281
组氨酸 0.942 0.336
粗脂肪 0.926 -0.377
Na -0.922 0.387
0.906 0.424
K 0.900 0.436
水分 0.879 -0.477
灰分 -0.824 0.567
Mg 0.123 -0.992
Ca 0.539 -0.842
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915600105847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Principal component scores and comprehensive scores of the nutritional quality of tender Laminaria japonica

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嫩芽海带 主成分得分 综合得分(F) 排名
F1 F2
新鲜嫩芽海带 5.43 1.10 4.94 1
热烫后的嫩芽海带 -0.02 -2.22 -0.27 2
盐渍嫩芽海带 -5.41 1.11 -4.68 3
), ArticleFig(id=1184566915671409016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716781236339, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

嫩芽海带营养品质的主成分得分和综合得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嫩芽海带 主成分得分 综合得分(F) 排名
F1 F2
新鲜嫩芽海带 5.43 1.10 4.94 1
热烫后的嫩芽海带 -0.02 -2.22 -0.27 2
盐渍嫩芽海带 -5.41 1.11 -4.68 3
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嫩芽海带加工中不同工序对营养成分及矿物质的影响
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王晓玲 1, 2 , 陈婷茹 1 , 刘智禹 1 , 李颖 3 , 陈晓婷 1 , 范霖澳 3 , 叶毅峰 3 , 王茵 1, * , 熊何健 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品加工工艺优化及应用研究 2025,16(2): 119-126
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品加工工艺优化及应用研究 2025, 16(2): 119-126
嫩芽海带加工中不同工序对营养成分及矿物质的影响
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王晓玲1, 2 , 陈婷茹1, 刘智禹1, 李颖3, 陈晓婷1, 范霖澳3, 叶毅峰3, 王茵1, * , 熊何健2, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建省水产研究所, 福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室, 厦门 361013
  • 2.集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 厦门 361021
  • 3.福建农林大学食品科学学院, 福州 350002
  • 王晓玲(1995—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为水产品加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王茵(1983—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品加工与综合利用。E-mail:
熊何健(1968—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品化学与营养。E-mail:
Effects of different processes on nutritional compositions and minerals in the processing of tender Laminaria japonica
Xiao-Ling WANG1, 2 , Ting-Ru CHEN1, Zhi-Yu LIU1, Ying LI3, Xiao-Ting CHEN1, Lin-Ao FAN3, Yi-Feng YE3, Yin WANG1, * , He-Jian XIONG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
  • 2. College of Marine Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 3. College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929002
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目的 探究嫩芽海带加工过程中不同工序对营养成分及矿物质的影响。方法 本研究探究了嫩芽海带在加工过程中热烫和盐渍工序对其主要营养成分和矿物质的影响。结果 新鲜嫩芽海带的水分、粗蛋白质、膳食纤维、粗脂肪、褐藻胶、甘露醇、碘、氨基酸、锰、磷、铁和钾含量最高, 其次为热烫后的嫩芽海带, 盐渍嫩芽海带最低, 这可能是由于热烫高温和盐渍脱水加工过程使嫩芽海带中营养成分出现不同程度的损失。氨基酸组成分析表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带更符合联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)推荐的理想蛋白质模式。重金属含量分析表明嫩芽海带重金属元素含量均符合国内外食品安全标准规定。主成分分析结果表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带的综合得分最高, 品质最佳, 经过热烫和盐渍后新鲜嫩芽海带的综合营养品质有所下降。结论 嫩芽海带在加工过程中经热烫和盐渍后, 营养成分和矿物质均出现不同程度的损失, 本研究可为嫩芽海带今后的高值化开发利用和可持续发展提供科学依据。

嫩芽海带  /  加工  /  营养成分  /  矿物质  /  主成分分析

Objective To investigate the effects of different processes on nutritional compositions and minerals in the processing of tender Laminaria japonica. Methods In this paper, the effects of blanching and salting processes on the main nutritional compositions and minerals of tender Laminaria japonica during processing were studied. Results The content of water, crude protein, dietary fiber, crude fat, alginate, mannitol, iodine, amino acids, manganese, phosphorus, iron, and potassium in fresh tender Laminaria japonica were the highest, followed by blanched tender Laminaria japonica, and the lowest was salted tender Laminaria japonica, which might be due to the high temperature of blanching and the dehydration process of salting, resulting in varying degrees of loss of nutrients in tender Laminaria japonica. Amino acid composition analysis showed that fresh tender Laminaria japonica was more in line with the ideal protein pattern recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Heavy metal content analysis showed that the content of heavy metal elements in tender Laminaria japonica met the food safety standards at home and abroad. The results of principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of fresh tender Laminaria japonica was the highest and the quality was the best. After blanching and salting, the comprehensive nutritional quality of fresh tender Laminaria japonica decreased. Conclusion During the processing of tender Laminaria japonica, nutritional compositions and minerals are lost to varying degrees after blanching and salting. This study can provide a scientific basis for the high-value development, utilization, and sustainable development of tender Laminaria japonica in the future.

tender Laminaria japonica  /  processing  /  nutritional compositions  /  minerals  /  principal component analysis
王晓玲, 陈婷茹, 刘智禹, 李颖, 陈晓婷, 范霖澳, 叶毅峰, 王茵, 熊何健. 嫩芽海带加工中不同工序对营养成分及矿物质的影响. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (2) : 119 -126 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929002
Xiao-Ling WANG, Ting-Ru CHEN, Zhi-Yu LIU, Ying LI, Xiao-Ting CHEN, Lin-Ao FAN, Yi-Feng YE, Yin WANG, He-Jian XIONG. Effects of different processes on nutritional compositions and minerals in the processing of tender Laminaria japonica[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (2) : 119 -126 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929002
海带(Laminaria japonica), 是褐藻门(Phaeophyta)褐藻纲(Phaeophyceae)海带目(Laminariales)海带科(Laminaceae)海带属(Laminaria)的一种个体大、生长快、经济价值高的褐藻。海带富含多种营养成分, 具有预防和治疗甲状腺肿大、防治富贵病、降三高和抗癌等作用[1-4], 被称为“第七营养素”“长寿保健食品”和“天然微量元素宝库”[5]。嫩芽海带是幼嫩期海带, 新鲜藻体长30~60 cm, 呈黄褐色。相较于成熟海带, 嫩芽海带口感更为细嫩, 味道更为鲜美, 在烹饪方面, 更可以呈现出海洋蔬菜本身的特性。
福建省是我国重要的海带养殖地区, 海带养殖产量位居全国首位, 根据《2023年中国渔业统计年鉴》数据显示, 2022年我国海带养殖面积4.56万公顷、产量143.06万t, 其中福建海带养殖面积2.20万公顷、产量86.13万t[6]。近年来嫩芽海带细嫩口感受到消费者的青睐, 市场需求旺盛, 福建省嫩芽海带产量持续增加, 仅福建省霞浦县的嫩芽海带产量就已超过5000 t, 预计嫩芽海带市场空间可达10万t以上, 未来嫩芽海带可望成为带动海带产业新一轮发展的重要动力。
嫩芽海带在市场上大多以传统盐渍的加工方法为主, 嫩芽海带经盐渍后不易受外界环境变化的干扰, 能保持较高的水分和较好的形态色泽, 利于长途运输和长期贮藏[7-8]。由于嫩芽海带用于食用仅近几年才兴起, 相应的精深加工和开发利用方面的研究还未深入开展, 对于嫩芽海带在加工过程中的营养成分和价值变化尚未有较系统的分析及评价。本研究以嫩芽海带为研究对象, 探究其在盐渍加工中不同工序对主要营养成分、氨基酸和矿物质元素等的影响, 并运用主成分分析法评价不同加工工序处理后嫩芽海带的综合营养品质, 旨在深入掌握其食用及营养价值, 为嫩芽海带的高值化开发利用和可持续发展提供科学依据。
嫩芽海带(福建省宁德市霞浦县嫩芽海带的养殖区)。
氢氧化钠、硫酸、硼酸、盐酸等试剂(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
KSJ型电炉温度控制器(山东神龙口市先科仪器公司); DHG-9141A型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海浦东荣丰科学仪器有限公司); HH-6型数显恒温水浴锅(国华电器有限公司); BSA224S型电子分析天平(感量0.0001 g, 厦门精艺兴业科技有限公司); HYP-1008型八孔消化炉、KDN-103F型自动凯氏定氮仪(上海纤检仪器有限公司); L8800型氨基酸自动分析仪(日本日立公司)。
嫩芽海带盐渍加工工艺如图1所示, 具体操作步骤如下:
采摘: 嫩芽海带帘下海拆帘养殖40 d, 长至藻体长约30~60 cm, 宽约3~7 cm。
清洗: 嫩芽海带海上采收时, 应先在海水里荡洗, 除去泥沙和杂质。
筛选: 应挑选新鲜、藻体完整的嫩芽海带进行加工, 剔除烂苗、病苗和藻体不完整的嫩芽海带。
热烫: 在90 ℃的洁净海水中烫漂约30 s, 嫩芽海带由棕褐色变为翠绿色。
冷却: 在洁净冷水中冷却至室温。
沥干: 沥干去掉表面多余的水分。
拌盐: 将沥干后的嫩芽海带输送至滚桶中, 加入原料嫩芽海带重约35%的食用盐, 充分滚动搅拌均匀。
盐渍: 将均匀混合食用盐的嫩芽海带, 层叠铺在可渗水的腌渍袋里, 并在上方压以重物腌渍24 h, 至渗出的卤水盐浓度为20波美度。
分别取不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带进行营养成分和矿物质的测定。新鲜嫩芽海带: 经采摘、清洗和筛选后的嫩芽海带。热烫后的嫩芽海带: 新鲜嫩芽海带经热烫、冷却和沥干后的嫩芽海带。盐渍嫩芽海带: 热烫后的嫩芽海带经拌盐和盐渍后的嫩芽海带。
水分参照GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》中的直接干燥法进行测定; 粗蛋白质参照GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中的“第一法 凯氏定氮法”进行测定; 粗脂肪参照GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中的“第一法 索氏抽提法”进行测定; 灰分参照GB 5009.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》中的“第一法 食品中总灰分的测定”进行测定; 总糖参照GB 5009.8—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖的测定》中的“第二法 酸水解-莱因-埃农氏法”进行测定; 粗纤维参照GB 5009.88—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中膳食纤维的测定》中的“酶重量法”进行测定。
褐藻酸盐和甘露醇参照SC/T 3405—2018《海藻中褐藻酸盐、甘露醇含量的测定》进行测定; 碘含量参照GB 5009.267—2020《食品安全国家标准 食品中碘的测定》中的“第一法 电感耦合等离子体质谱法”进行测定。
参照GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》的方法, 通过自动氨基酸分析仪测定嫩芽海带样品中的氨基酸成分。
磷(P)参照GB/T 5009.87—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中磷的测定》测定; 铁(Fe)参照GB 5009.90—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中铁的测定》测定; 钙(Ca)参照GB 5009.92—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中钙的测定》测定; 钾(K)和钠(Na)参照GB 5009.91—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中钾、钠的测定》测定; 镁(Mg)参照GB 5009.241—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中镁的测定》测定; 锰(Mn)参照5009.242—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中锰的测定》测定。
铅(Pb)参照GB/T 5009.12—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中铅的测定》中的“第二法 电感耦合等离子体质谱法”进行测定; 无机砷参照GB 5009.11—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中总砷及无机砷的测定》第二篇中的“第一法 液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法”进行测定; 镉(Cd)参照GB 5009.15—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品中镉的测定》进行测定; 总汞参照GB 5009.17—2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总汞及有机汞的测定》第一篇中的“第一法 原子荧光光谱法”进行测定。
采用Microsoft Excel 2021进行数据处理, 数据以平均值±标准偏差表示, 实验重复次数为3次, 采用SPSS Statistics 21.0软件进行统计分析。
新鲜嫩芽海带、热烫后的嫩芽海带和盐渍嫩芽海带的水分含量分别为92.66%、91.76%和65.69%, 其中新鲜嫩芽海带的水分含量最高。由表1可知, 不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带的基本营养成分含量存在差异。新鲜嫩芽海带的粗蛋白质、膳食纤维和灰分含量均高于热烫后的嫩芽海带, 一方面原因可能是由于热烫过程中高温使海带的蛋白质变性和分解以及破坏部分膳食纤维结构[9-10], 另一方面可能是由于水溶性蛋白质和可溶性膳食纤维在热烫过程中溶于水, 从而使蛋白质和膳食纤维含量降低[11], 且高温处理会导致部分矿物质流失从而导致灰分含量减少。盐渍嫩芽海带的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和膳食纤维含量均低于新鲜嫩芽海带和热烫后的嫩芽海带, 这可能是由于盐渍脱水过程采用的加压重物方式造成海带细胞破裂, 部分营养成分会因渗透压的差异而流失到盐水中[12], 而盐渍海带的灰分含量较高可能是由于其表面含有较多的氯化钠等无机盐从而增加了灰分含量。
褐藻胶主要是从褐藻中提取的一类多糖物质, 褐藻胶可应用在食品、医药、农业和印染工业等领域, 可用于生产止血剂或食品稳定剂等, 其在海带中含量丰富, 一般为19.17%[13-14]。如表2所示, 以干基计, 不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带的褐藻胶含量为11.21~21.96 g/100 g, 经热烫和盐渍后褐藻胶含量显著下降(P<0.05), 这可能是由于褐藻胶是一种来源于褐藻细胞壁的水溶性酸性多糖[13], 因此在加工过程中会溶于水而造成损失。甘露醇是一种白色或无色的粉末状结晶, 具有清凉甘甜味, 海带表面的白色粉末就是天然的甘露醇[15-16], 不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带的甘露醇含量为1.42~3.84 g/100 g, 与加工处理对嫩芽海带中褐藻胶含量的影响相类似, 经热烫和盐渍后甘露醇含量也显著下降(P<0.05), 这可能是由于甘露醇易溶于水[17], 因此在加工过程中也容易损失。碘是人体维持健康状态所必需的微量元素之一, 新鲜嫩芽海带经盐渍后碘含量降为0.01 g/100 g, 碘含量损失93.75%, 这与王雨馨等[12]的研究结果一致。成年人每天食用0.6 g热烫后嫩芽海带(干重)或1.2 g盐渍嫩芽海带(干重)就可以达到中国及世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)膳食碘的推荐摄入量(recommanded nutrient intakes, RNI) (120 μg/d)[18]
本研究对新鲜嫩芽海带、热烫后的嫩芽海带和盐渍嫩芽海带的氨基酸组成进行了分析。由表3可知, 不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带均检出18种氨基酸, 氨基酸种类且含量丰富, 谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量最高。TAA含量为8.29%~15.87%, EAA含量为3.29%~6.46%。嫩芽海带中的氨基酸含量均在加工过程中逐渐损失, 这可能是由于热烫和盐渍处理导致蛋白质减少, 从而使氨基酸含量减少。参考FAO/WHO关于人体摄入必需氨基酸的推荐标准, 新鲜嫩芽海带和热烫后的嫩芽海带中的苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯基丙氨酸和赖氨酸均超过FAO/WHO标准, 只有蛋氨酸低于FAO/WHO标准。盐渍嫩芽海带的苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯基丙氨酸和赖氨酸均超过FAO/WHO标准, 只有异亮氨酸和蛋氨酸低于FAO/WHO标准。根据FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质模式[19]认为: 蛋白质氨基酸组成EAA/TAA在40%左右, EAA/NEAA比值在60%以上时蛋白质的质量较好。新鲜嫩芽海带的EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA分别为40.71%和68.65%, 与倪辉等[20]研究结果较为接近, 热烫后嫩芽海带的EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA分别为39.49%和65.26%, 盐渍嫩芽海带的EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA分别为39.69%和65.80%, 说明新鲜嫩芽海带的氨基酸含量营养丰富、均衡, 更符合该理想模式。不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带的FAA可占TAA的37%左右, 说明经不同加工工序处理后的嫩芽海带均有较浓的海鲜味, 是一种优质的天然调味剂。
矿物质元素是人体中重要的营养成分, 相关研究表明海带是一种矿物质元素种类及含量丰富的海洋食品[21-22]。由表4可知, 嫩芽海带含量最高的常量元素是K和Na, 盐渍嫩芽海带中Na元素含量远高于新鲜和热烫后的嫩芽海带, 这是因为嫩芽海带在盐渍过程中所用食盐的主要成分是氯化钠, 使海带中的Na元素含量骤增。人体中的Na元素可控制细胞内液, 有利于维持机体的水分, 促进人体的酸碱平衡, K元素可控制细胞外液。Na元素含量过高会使Na/K升高, 从而导致血压升高, 造成高血压等一系列疾病[23], RUPEREZ[24]指出褐藻Na/K低于1.5是较为理想的比值, 不易引起高血压, 盐渍嫩芽海带Na/K值远大于1.5, 因此高血压患者应适量食用盐渍嫩芽海带。Ca是人体牙齿和骨骼的重要组成成分[25], Mg是一种增强记忆力的元素, 具有镇静、保护心脏的作用, Mg和P能够促进人体对Ca的吸收利用, 其保持一定比例能够维持肌肉和神经的正常反应[26]。食物中Ca、P比非常重要, 一般认为, 对于需要高Ca膳食供应的人, Ca/P应在1:1到2:1之间, 如果Ca/P不协调, 就会引起生理障碍[27], 可见新鲜嫩芽海带中所含Ca﹑P比例合适, 可作为良好的补Ca食品。嫩芽海带中最高的微量元素是Fe, Fe是血红蛋白形成的重要因素, 维持机体的造血功能, 减少贫血的作用[28]。Mn的含量虽然很低, 但Mn是软骨生成中不可缺少的辅助因子, 缺Mn可影响Ca的吸收从而导致骨质疏松[21]。嫩芽海带中的K、P、Fe、Mn含量均在加工过程中逐渐损失, 而Ca和Mg含量经过热烫加工后反而增加, 这可能是由于海带热烫过程中采用的热烫水为海水, 海水加热后Ca和Mg容易析出, 因此增加了嫩芽海带中的Ca和Mg含量[29]
海洋藻类植物等可经过主动运输和被动吸收等途径蓄积海洋中的重金属离子, 因此对藻类体内的重金属含量进行分析和安全评价尤为重要。按照GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》和NY/T 1709—2021《绿色食品 藻类及其制品》中关于重金属的限量标准(Pb≤0.5 mg/kg、甲基汞≤0.5 mg/kg、无机砷≤0.5 mg/kg)以及欧盟No 629/2008关于重金属的限量要求(Cd≤3.0 mg/kg), 由表5可知, 嫩芽海带中总汞的含量均未检出, 无机砷、Pb和Cd的含量均在安全范围内。由此得出, 嫩芽海带在盐渍加工过程中的重金属元素含量均符合国家安全标准规定, 可以成为人们放心食用的安全食品。
主成分分析是对数据进行降维处理, 将复杂的多个变量变成几个具有代表性的新的综合变量, 并探究变量间的线性关系, 目前主成分分析已广泛应用于果蔬等食品的质量评价领域中[30]。将对嫩芽海带有利的33项营养成分和矿物质指标进行主成分分析, 特征值代表各指标对主成分载荷的相对大小和作用方向[31], 根据特征值>1的原则, 提取前2个主成分, 累计贡献率达100%, 可解释嫩芽海带品质的全部信息, 结果见表6表7。第1主成分的特征值为29.316, 贡献率最高, 为88.836%, 丝氨酸和苏氨酸占有较高载荷; 第2主成分特征值为3.684, 贡献率为11.164%, 灰分、K和碘占有较高载荷。
由权重系数和各指标标准化的数值可以得出2个主成分F1F2得分模型以及建立F综合得分模型[32], 得分模型表达式分别见式(1)~(3):
F1=0.180X1+0.171X2+0.184X3-0.152X4+0.178X5+0.182X6+0.1671X7+0.185X8+0.183X9+0.183X10+0.182X11+0.182X12+ 0.181X13+0.179X14+0.178X15+0.184X16+0.185X17+0.183X18+0.184X19+0.185X20+0.184X21+0.174X22+0.183X23+0.183X24+0.177X25+0.023X26+0.185X27+0.178X28+0.183X29+0.100X30+0.166X31-0.170X32+0.162X33
F2=-0.114X1-0.196X2-0.049X3+0.295X4-0.140X5+0.086X6+0.221X7-0.016X8+0.067X9-0.073X10+0.092X11+0.091X12+ 0.101X13+0.125X14+0.139X15+0.032X16-0.002X17+0.062X18+0.048X19+0.028X20+0.054X21+0.175X22+0.071X23+0.066X24- 0.146X25-0.517X26-0.019X27+0.139X28-0.073X29-0.439X30+0.227X31+0.202X32-0.249X33
F=0.88836F1+0.11164F2
式中, X1~X32分别代表粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、膳食纤维、灰分、褐藻胶、甘露醇、碘、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙基氨酸、赖氨酸、色氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、胱氨酸、Mg、Mn、P、Fe、Ca、K、Na、水分。
新鲜嫩芽海带、热烫后的嫩芽海带和盐渍嫩芽海带营养品质主成分得分和综合得分见表8, 综合得分分值越高, 表明综合品质越好。结果表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带得分最高, 营养品质最好, 其次为热烫后的嫩芽海带, 盐渍嫩芽海带最低, 虽然加工过程中嫩芽海带的综合营养品质有所下降, 但是盐渍是海带保鲜保质的重要加工方式, 不仅能延长海带的储存时间, 还在一定程度上保证了其形态及色泽。
通过分析嫩芽海带在加工过程中不同工序对其主要营养成分和矿物质的影响, 发现新鲜嫩芽海带、热烫后的嫩芽海带、盐渍嫩芽海带的营养成分和矿物质含量存在不同程度的差异, 盐渍加工过程会使嫩芽海带的营养成分发生不同程度的损失。氨基酸组成分析表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带的EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA比值最大, 说明新鲜嫩芽海带的氨基酸组成更符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质模式。重金属含量分析表明嫩芽海带中Cd、总汞、无机砷和Pb的含量均远低于国内外规定的关于海带制品的重金属限量标准, 符合相关食品安全标准。主成分分析结果表明, 新鲜嫩芽海带得分最高, 营养品质最好, 其次为热烫后的嫩芽海带, 盐渍嫩芽海带最低, 经过一系列加工工序处理后嫩芽海带的综合营养品质下降。
综上所述, 盐渍加工过程虽然会使嫩芽海带的营养品质有所下降, 但是盐渍处理对于嫩芽海带的保鲜保质仍具有一定的重要意义。嫩芽海带与成熟海带相比具有独特的优势和特点, 嫩芽海带这一海洋经济产业刚刚兴起, 其开发应用前景广阔, 但目前相应的精深加工和开发利用方面的研究还未深入开展, 可以借鉴的相近研究领域是成熟海带的加工利用研究, 本研究分析了嫩芽海带在加工过程中不同工序对其主要营养成分和矿物质的影响, 有利于促进嫩芽海带产业进一步健康发展, 今后可通过对嫩芽海带的热烫和盐渍加工工艺进一步优化, 从而减少嫩芽海带的营养成分在加工过程中的损失。
  • 福建省海洋与渔业结构调整专项(2021HYJG15)
  • 福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1012002)
  • 福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2024-1-17)
  • 福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2023-1-2)
  • 厦门市海洋与渔业发展专项青年科技创新项目(23YYST0770CA05)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240929002
  • 接收时间:2024-09-29
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-29
基金
福建省海洋与渔业结构调整专项(2021HYJG15)
福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1012002)
福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2024-1-17)
福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(FJHY-YYKJ-2023-1-2)
厦门市海洋与渔业发展专项青年科技创新项目(23YYST0770CA05)
作者信息
    1.福建省水产研究所, 福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室, 厦门 361013
    2.集美大学海洋食品与生物工程学院, 厦门 361021
    3.福建农林大学食品科学学院, 福州 350002

通讯作者:

* 王茵(1983—), 女, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为水产品加工与综合利用。E-mail:
熊何健(1968—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为食品化学与营养。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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