Article(id=1153986715560698353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061473025, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061473025, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061473025, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061473025, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986709126635984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061471492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760345674980, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=246, endPage=253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986716273730052, articleId=1153986715560698353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the anti-apoptotic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine on rat hippocampal neuron cells, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine on the anti-apoptotic ability of rat hippocampal neuron cells (RHNC). Methods An apoptosis model using RHNC as the target and phorbol acetate (PMA) as the inducer was established. Using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) phosphatidylserine (DHA/EPA-PS) as a protective agent, the morphology of cells at different stages of apoptosis was observed under a laser confocal microscope after staining with acridine orange. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine, represented by DHA/EPA-PS, on the anti-apoptotic ability of RHNC was studied at the cellular level through the Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining experiment. Results An RHNC apoptosis model with a PMA concentration of 10.0 mg/L and an action time of 24 hours was established. The 15.0 mg/L DHA/EPA-PS showed the best cell pre protection effect, with an apoptosis rate of 11.46%±4.11%. Early and mid-stage apoptotic cells were fewer and did not produce late stage apoptotic cells. Cells pre protected with 15 mg/L DHA/EPA-PS exhibited intact morphology and nuclear membrane, and their protrusions were not affected by PMA. Conclusion n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine, represented by DHA/EPA-PS, has certain anti-apoptotic ability against RHNC. The study provides good data support for future research on the biological activity of phosphatidylserine.

, correspAuthors=Miao-Fei LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wan-Dong FU, Yan YANG, Yu-Fang ZHOU, Miao-Fei LIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986762046169191, articleId=1153986715560698353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞的抗凋亡作用研究, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研究n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞(rat hippocampal neurons cells, RHNC)抗凋亡能力的影响。方法 以RHNC为对象, 以乙酸佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA)为诱导剂, 建立凋亡模型。以二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)/二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)型磷脂酰丝氨酸(DHA/EPA-phosphatidylserine, DHA/EPA-PS)为保护剂, 用吖啶橙染色后在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞不同凋亡时期的形态。通过磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻实验(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染实验), 在细胞水平研究以DHA/EPA-PS为代表的n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对RHNC的抗凋亡能力。结果 在PMA质量浓度为10.0 mg/L、作用时间24 h条件下, 建立RHNC凋亡模型。15.0 mg/L DHA/EPA-PS对RHNC的预保护效果最好, 此时早期、中期凋亡细胞较少且无晚期凋亡细胞, 凋亡率为11.46%±4.11%, 细胞形态和核膜完整, 突起不受PMA的影响。结论 以DHA/EPA-PS为代表的n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对RHNC具有一定的抗凋亡作用。本研究可为磷脂酰丝氨酸的生物活性研究提供较好的数据支撑。

, correspAuthors=廖妙飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 廖妙飞(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
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付万冬(1979—), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产养殖及加工。E-mail:

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付万冬(1979—), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产养殖及加工。E-mail:

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注: 不同字母表示组间具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 图5同。

, figureFileSmall=ZITfBYnGWuoiVlAy6d6ngw==, figureFileBig=x7/xSPVIc0BSuCxzdT3ojg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184567071112311539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715560698353, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of mass concentration of PMA on the apoptotic morphology of RHCN, figureFileSmall=P5rytehqvmtBWjxoDeVerA==, figureFileBig=POSkyJ3jYLH4a8m+bVFXhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184567071179420406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715560698353, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PMA质量浓度对细胞凋亡形态影响, figureFileSmall=P5rytehqvmtBWjxoDeVerA==, figureFileBig=POSkyJ3jYLH4a8m+bVFXhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184567071246529271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715560698353, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of stimulus duration of PMA on the apoptosis rate of RHCN, figureFileSmall=fD6wSh4aGmpFKrCXfsXgWg==, figureFileBig=1FMV1V9mYETcZmou8PIJIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184567071309443832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715560698353, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PMA刺激时长对RHNC凋亡率的影响, figureFileSmall=fD6wSh4aGmpFKrCXfsXgWg==, figureFileBig=1FMV1V9mYETcZmou8PIJIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184567071414301433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715560698353, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of stimulus duration of PMA on the apoptotic morphology of RHCN, figureFileSmall=CPDV5S49U+MA/6i13qKpWw==, figureFileBig=DlROresUml27mUvxUcNbiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184567071485604602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715560698353, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PMA刺激时长对RHNC的凋亡形态的影响

注: a. 荧光模式和明场模式图片叠加; b. 荧光模式图片; c. 明场模式图片, 图67同。

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n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞的抗凋亡作用研究
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付万冬 1 , 杨艳 2 , 周宇芳 1 , 廖妙飞 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(2): 246-253
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(2): 246-253
n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞的抗凋亡作用研究
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付万冬1 , 杨艳2, 周宇芳1, 廖妙飞1, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省海洋开发研究院, 舟山 316021
  • 2.中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 青岛 266003
  • 付万冬(1979—), 男, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为水产养殖及加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 廖妙飞(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
Study on the anti-apoptotic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine on rat hippocampal neuron cells
Wan-Dong FU1 , Yan YANG2, Yu-Fang ZHOU1, Miao-Fei LIAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Zhejiang Ocean Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
  • 2. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025006
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目的 研究n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞(rat hippocampal neurons cells, RHNC)抗凋亡能力的影响。方法 以RHNC为对象, 以乙酸佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA)为诱导剂, 建立凋亡模型。以二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)/二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)型磷脂酰丝氨酸(DHA/EPA-phosphatidylserine, DHA/EPA-PS)为保护剂, 用吖啶橙染色后在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞不同凋亡时期的形态。通过磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻实验(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染实验), 在细胞水平研究以DHA/EPA-PS为代表的n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对RHNC的抗凋亡能力。结果 在PMA质量浓度为10.0 mg/L、作用时间24 h条件下, 建立RHNC凋亡模型。15.0 mg/L DHA/EPA-PS对RHNC的预保护效果最好, 此时早期、中期凋亡细胞较少且无晚期凋亡细胞, 凋亡率为11.46%±4.11%, 细胞形态和核膜完整, 突起不受PMA的影响。结论 以DHA/EPA-PS为代表的n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对RHNC具有一定的抗凋亡作用。本研究可为磷脂酰丝氨酸的生物活性研究提供较好的数据支撑。

n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨  /  海马神经元细胞  /  抗凋亡

Objective To study the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine on the anti-apoptotic ability of rat hippocampal neuron cells (RHNC). Methods An apoptosis model using RHNC as the target and phorbol acetate (PMA) as the inducer was established. Using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) phosphatidylserine (DHA/EPA-PS) as a protective agent, the morphology of cells at different stages of apoptosis was observed under a laser confocal microscope after staining with acridine orange. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine, represented by DHA/EPA-PS, on the anti-apoptotic ability of RHNC was studied at the cellular level through the Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining experiment. Results An RHNC apoptosis model with a PMA concentration of 10.0 mg/L and an action time of 24 hours was established. The 15.0 mg/L DHA/EPA-PS showed the best cell pre protection effect, with an apoptosis rate of 11.46%±4.11%. Early and mid-stage apoptotic cells were fewer and did not produce late stage apoptotic cells. Cells pre protected with 15 mg/L DHA/EPA-PS exhibited intact morphology and nuclear membrane, and their protrusions were not affected by PMA. Conclusion n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine, represented by DHA/EPA-PS, has certain anti-apoptotic ability against RHNC. The study provides good data support for future research on the biological activity of phosphatidylserine.

n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine  /  hippocampal neurons cells  /  anti-apoptotic
付万冬, 杨艳, 周宇芳, 廖妙飞. n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞的抗凋亡作用研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (2) : 246 -253 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025006
Wan-Dong FU, Yan YANG, Yu-Fang ZHOU, Miao-Fei LIAO. Study on the anti-apoptotic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated phosphatidylserine on rat hippocampal neuron cells[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (2) : 246 -253 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025006
n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 PUFAs)是一类人体正常生理活动所必需但不能自身合成的脂肪酸, 需从大豆油、菜籽油、海藻、深海鱼类、坚果等食物中摄取, 其中具代表性为二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)。n-3 PUFAs作为大脑营养物质, 能通过保护神经达到改善大脑功能的效果[1-5], 对阿尔茨海默病模型记忆损伤和神经病理性变化具有延缓作用[6], 能调节小胶质细胞激活及改善小鼠学习记忆能力[7], 同时对抑郁症患者的治疗有较好的辅助功能[8]
磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine, PS)是构成细胞膜的重要磷脂组份之一, 存在于所有的动物、高等植物及微生物的生物膜中。它能通过刺激多巴胺的释放, 增加神经递质乙酰胆碱的产生, 增强脑葡萄糖代谢, 降低氢化可的松的水平, 增强神经生长因子的活性等实现对神经细胞维持、修复作用[9], 同时能改善记忆力和认知力[10]。因此PS作为一种高效营养补充剂添加于婴幼儿奶粉中。
n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸是n-3 PUFAs形式的磷脂在磷脂酶D作用下与L-丝氨酸发生转酯反应制得的一种富含n-3 PUFAs的磷脂酰丝氨酸, 其主要代表是: 以南极磷虾油中DHA、EPA型磷脂为原料通过酶法合成[11-12]的DHA/EPA-PS。
有研究表明, 单纯地服用DHA会造成胃肠的负担, 而且不容易通过血脑屏障[13], 当DHA连接到溶血磷脂甘油骨架的2位时, 其吸收效率是非酯化DHA的10倍[14]; 在活性功能方面, DHA与PS结合后才能对2A细胞发挥保护功能, DHA与磷脂酰丝氨酸相互协调作用对神经保护效果更为理想; DHA、EPA作为n-3 PUFAs, 与PS在辅助改善记忆力、促进脑损伤修复和增强免疫能力功能的作用存在相互配伍[15]。因此, 在化学结构上具有n-3 PUFAs结构的n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸则成为在脑神经营养、生物活性及机理等相关研究的热点。
海马是学习记忆的关键部位, 与许多变性疾病如老年性痴呆、癫痫、脑缺血缺氧损伤和兴奋性氨基酸损伤等的病理相关联[16-18], 而这些急慢性脑损伤过程中脑组织产生的自由基(如·O-2、·OH等)最易侵袭神经元细胞导致神经系统的损伤。因此本研究开展以DHA/EPA-PS为代表的n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸对大鼠海马神经元细胞的抗凋亡能力的研究, 从而评价对脑神经保护方面的活性, 为其后续进行营养保健食品的开发提供技术支撑。
大鼠海马神经元细胞(rat hippocampal neurons cells, RHNC)[青旗(上海)生物技术发展有限公司]。
无水乙醇(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 乙腈(色谱纯)、二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, 纯度≥99.7%)、乙酸佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA, 优级纯)、谷胱甘肽(γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinglycine, GSH, 纯度≥98%)、吖啶橙(美国Sigma公司); DHA/EPA型磷脂酰丝氨酸DHA/EPA-PS(本单位实验室自制); 膜联蛋白-V细胞凋亡检测试剂盒(Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide, Annexin V-FITC/PI, 上海晶美生物公司); 萘荧光探针(naphthalene fluorescent probe, NFDS-1, 本单位实验室合成); 磷酸盐缓冲溶液(phosphate buffer solution, PBS)(美国Therimo Fisher Scientific公司)。
Leica TCS-SP2激光共聚焦显微镜(德国徕卡显微系统有限公司); BSC-1004ⅡA2生物安全柜、SW-CJ-1FD超净工作台(苏州安泰空气技术有限公司); G154DW自动压力蒸汽灭菌器[致微(厦门)仪器有限公司]; Thermo IGS180微生物培养箱(美国Therimo Fisher Scientific公司); BSA224S分析天平(精度0.0001 g, 德国赛多利斯公司)。
本研究以RHNC为对象, 以PMA为诱导剂, 建立凋亡模型, 设计空白组、PMA损伤组、实验组(DHA/EPA-PS保护+PMA损伤组), 选用吖啶橙染色并检测细胞凋亡率, 用激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞不同凋亡时期的形态; 通过PS外翻分析实验观察细胞的早、中及晚期凋亡情况, 从而在细胞水平研究DHA/EPA-PS对海马神经元细胞抗凋亡的影响。
通过研究PMA不同浓度、作用时间对大鼠神经元细胞凋亡的影响, 取得最佳诱导条件, 建立大鼠神经元细胞凋亡模型。
(1)不同PMA浓度对凋亡率的影响
将培养12 d的RHNC随机分为3组, 将细胞原培养基换成无血清培养基进, 按照104 Cell/孔将细胞铺种在6孔板中, 37 ℃、5% CO2条件下贴壁培养36 h后吸出培养基, 并用PBS清洗两遍后滴加吖啶橙染液作用5 min后, 迅速进行共聚焦显微镜检测, 激发光488 nm, 接收波长590 nm。
实验组(PMA损伤组): 无血清培养基中加入质量浓度分别为0.1、1.0、10.0 mg/L的PMA; 空白对照组: 无血清培养基中不加任何其他试剂; 阳性对照组: 无血清培养基中加入浓度为10 mmol/L的GSH。
(2) PMA作用时间对凋亡率的影响
细胞培养方法同1.3.1(1), 分别于6、12、24、48 h取样检测。设置实验组、空白对照组, 以探究10 mg/L PMA对细胞凋亡的影响。实验组(PMA损伤组): 无血清培养基中加入质量浓度10 mg/L的PMA; 空白对照组: 无血清培养基中不加任何其他试剂。
将培养12 d的大鼠海马神经元细胞随机分为3组, 按照104 Cell/孔将细胞铺种在24孔板中, 贴壁培养36 h后吸出旧培养基, 并用PBS清洗孔板以除去血清, 换成无血清培养基培养24 h, 设计实验组、空白损伤组、空白对照组, 研究DHA/EPA-PS对RHNC损伤细胞抗凋亡的保护能力。
实验组: 无血清培养基中分别加入质量浓度为1.5、15.0、150.0 mg/L的DHA/EPA-PS预保护细胞24 h后, 加入质量浓度10 mg/L PMA刺激细胞24 h后取样检测。空白损伤组: 无血清培养基中不加DHA/EPA-PS预保护, 其他条件与实验组相同。空白对照组: 换成无血清培养基直接进行培养, 不加DHA/EPA-PS预保护, 不用PMA刺激细胞, 与实验组在相同时间取样测。
本研究用AnnexinV-FITC/PI试剂盒对1.3.2中的实验组、空白损伤组、空白对照组分别进行磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻分析, 以研究DHA/EPA-PS预保护细胞后PMA损伤所致凋亡细胞的凋亡情况。将各组细胞实验处理后弃培养基, 4 ℃下PBS洗2次, 每孔加入400 µL的结合缓冲液, 按试剂盒给定浓度加7.5 µL的Annexin V-FITC和15 µL的PI, 轻轻混匀, 避光, 室温下反应15 min。加入300 µL的结合缓冲液, 轻轻混匀后弃去200 µL的溶液, 换液时轻轻贴壁加入或吸出细胞外液, 以防细胞被冲起, 立即进行Confocal检测。扫描方式为xyz, 第一通道激发波长为488 nm, 检测的发射波长为530 nm, 伪色彩为绿色; 第二通道激发波长为530 nm, 发射波长大于590 nm, 伪色彩为红色; 第三通道为第一、第二通道的组合图像。
实验数据以平均值±标准偏差表示。单因素方差分析(one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA)采用SPSS 27.0软件进行, 应用Origin 2022软件进行数据绘图。
通过对各组凋亡细胞计数并进行单因素ANOVA, 如图1所示, 阳性对照组胞凋亡率为8.94%±0.35%, 与空白对照组细胞凋亡率8.68%±1.63%无显著差异性(P>0.05); 实验组细胞凋亡率随PMA质量浓度升高呈显著正相关(皮尔逊相关系数为0.782、显著性水平0.003), PMA质量浓度为0.1、1.0、10.0 mg/L所致细胞凋亡率分别为19.00%±0.67%、31.97%±1.41%、40.19%±1.60%。正常细胞的细胞核为浅绿色均匀荧光, 形状椭圆或圆形, 无边缘化和局部高亮荧光; 当细胞发生凋亡时, 核染色质密度升高聚集, 在周边呈月牙形(边缘化), 为高亮绿色荧光。
图2所示, 对空白对照组与阳性对照组细胞形态图观察可知, 细胞核染色均匀且大多呈椭圆形, 很少见凋亡细胞, 细胞间突起无明显断裂; 实验组的多数细胞核发生边缘化且皱缩, 细胞突起大量断裂且网络结构被严重破坏, 且细胞凋亡率与PMA质量浓度增加而增加, 其中以PMA质量浓度为10 mg/L损伤24 h凋亡最为严重, 凋亡率达40.19%±1.60%。因此, 后续研究将以PMA质量浓度为10 mg/L进行刺激, 研究作用时间对RHNC凋亡率影响以及DHA/EPA-PS对RHNC的预保护作用。
对凋亡细胞进行统计分析如图3所示, 10 mg/L PMA持续刺激RHNC细胞6、12、24、48 h所致凋亡率分别为16.85%±3.63%、23.52%±4.31%、40.19%±1.60%、47.15%±6.50%, 由此可见, 随着损伤时间延长, RHNC细胞的损伤加剧。对各组进行单因素ANOVA可知, 48 h损伤与24 h损伤无显著性差异, 24 h损伤与12 h损伤差异性极显著(P<0.01)。
PMA刺激时长对RHNC的凋亡形态的影响如图4所示, 10 mg/L PMA对RHNC刺激6 h时, 细胞形态完整突起丰富, 细胞核无明显月牙形与皱缩; 当刺激时长达12 h时, RHNC细胞轴突断裂开始增加, 有部分细胞的核膜开始皱缩且出现高亮现象, 开始出现凋亡小体; 当刺激时间持续至24 h时, 细胞间突起大幅度减少, 凋亡小体变多, 且核膜皱缩严重, 细胞形态开始变得不完整; 当刺激时间达48 h时, 细胞间突起基本完全断裂, 大量细胞核出现高亮现象, 细胞形态开始变圆且产生大量凋亡小体, 此时部分细胞完全凋亡不产生荧光现象。
PMA 10 mg/L持续刺激RHNC细胞24 h, 用以研究DHA/EPA-PS对RHNC的保护作用。细胞凋亡率通过吖啶橙染色鉴定得出, 组间通过单因素ANOVA差异性分析(P<0.05), 结果如图5所示。空白对照组(blank)与空白损伤组(control)的细胞凋亡率分别为8.40%±1.23%与40.88%±1.23%; 对实验组(SR) 1.5、15.0、150.0 mg/L的DHA/EPA-PS预保护后细胞损伤凋亡率分别是25.74%±058%、11.46%±4.11%、34.76%±1.58%。从凋亡率变化趋势来看, 过低浓度与过高浓度的DHA/EPA-PS对RHNC细胞的保护效果不佳, 当质量浓度在15.0 mg/L时对细胞产生较好的保护效果, 且保护效果与未加PMA损伤所致凋亡率无显著差异性。
进一步对细胞形态作分析, 如图6所示。从空白对照组细胞形态图组可知, 未加PMA刺激的细胞形态良好, 且突起伸展均匀, 细胞核呈圆形且染色均匀, 未见明显的凋亡小体。未加DHA/EPA-PS预保护的空白损伤组细胞形态图a可知, 大量的细胞未被AO染色, 这有可能是细胞已凋亡多时, 其胞内DNA片段已被降解, 细胞周围有凋亡小体的出现, 细胞间突起连接几乎不可见, 大量细胞此时已凋亡且细胞膜等发生不同程度皱缩。
图7可看出, 低质量浓度(1.5 mg/L)与中等质量浓度(15.0 mg/L)的DHA/EPA-PS均能对细胞产生一定的保护作用, 中等质量浓度(15.0 mg/L)能最大限度保证细胞不受PMA的刺激产生凋亡, 且能较好地保持细胞的形态以及核膜的完整, 能使细胞的突起不受PMA的影响而断裂, 这说明RHNC细胞对DHA/EPA-PS的浓度存在一定的敏感性, 其最适使用质量浓度在15.0 mg/L左右, 能使凋亡率达到未加PMA损伤的水平。
进一步用AnnexinV-FITC/PI试剂盒对DHA/EPA-PS预保护细胞后PMA损伤细胞, 进行抗凋亡研究。磷脂酰丝氨酸正常情况下位于细胞内侧, 但在细胞凋亡的早期, 磷脂酰丝氨酸会从细胞膜的内测转移到细胞膜外侧, 暴露在细胞外环境中。AnnexinV是一种分子量为35.8 kD的Ca2+依赖性磷脂结合蛋白, 能与细胞凋亡过程中翻转到膜外的磷脂酰丝氨酸高亲和力特异结合。因此可利用AnnexinV与PI来对RHNC细胞的凋亡阶段进行评估, 凋亡早期细胞膜上的磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻从而被AnnexinV染成绿色, 但是PI不能进入活细胞, 因此只有凋亡后期的细胞中的细胞核才能被染成红色, 而AnnexinV与PI均未染上的为正常细胞[19-24]
图8所示, 空白对照组为未加PMA刺激的RHNC细, 在无血清培养基中培养48 h产生较少的早期、中期凋亡细胞, 且基本不产生晚期凋亡细胞; 空白损伤组为未加DHA/ EPA-PS预保护的细胞, 在无血清培养24 h后添加10.0 mg/L的PMA刺激24 h后的细胞, 在早、中期和晚期的凋亡细胞均有大量产生, 这说明用PMA刺激细胞产生凋亡是可取的。
图9所示, DHA/EPA-PS以15.0 mg/L质量浓度预保护细胞产生较少的早期、中期凋亡细胞且不产生晚期凋亡细胞; 1.5 mg/L与150.0 mg/L PS预保护细胞同样产生大量早期凋亡细胞, 但是相较于图8空白损伤组所产生晚期凋亡细胞较少; 1.5 mg/L组与150.0 mg/L组对比, 150.0 mg/L组产生的早期、中期凋亡细胞以及晚期凋亡细胞高于1.5 mg/L组, 这说明过高浓度的DHA/EPA-PS并不能更好保护RHNC细胞。
PMA是蛋白激酶C (protein kinase C, PKC)的有效激活剂, PKC是一类Ca2+、磷脂依赖性的蛋白激酶, 在细胞跨膜信号传递过程中有重要作用, PKC能催化多种蛋白上的Ser/Thr磷酸化, 从而调节细胞的代谢生长、增殖及分化。低浓度的PMA可有效使PKC活化使其亲和力增加, 但是高剂量的PMA能使细胞中的PKC迅速耗竭从而使细胞信号传递失衡导致细胞凋亡[25-30]。本研究证明一定浓度的PMA可以刺激RHNC细胞产生凋亡且产生凋亡模型稳定可靠。
DHA/EPA-PS抑制RHNC细胞凋亡实验结果显示, 当DHA/EPA-PS的质量浓度为15 mg/L时对RHNC预保护效果最好, 早期、中期凋亡细胞较少, 凋亡率仅为11.46%±4.11%, 且无晚期凋亡细胞; 经Confocal观察此时细胞形态完整, 细胞突起未断裂。因此, 一定质量浓度的DHA/EPA-PS对PMA刺激下海马神经元细胞具有显著的保护作用。本研究为n-3多不饱和磷脂酰丝氨酸在促进学习、增强记忆、改善老年性疾病方面的研究提供了较好的数据支撑。
  • 浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN21C200001)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025006
  • 接收时间:2024-10-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25
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浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN21C200001)
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    1.浙江省海洋开发研究院, 舟山 316021
    2.中国海洋大学海洋生命学院, 青岛 266003

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* 廖妙飞(1984—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为海洋生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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