Article(id=1153986715007045736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061472893, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061472893, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061472893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061472893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986709126635984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061471492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760345674980, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=239, endPage=245, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986715774603374, articleId=1153986715007045736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Research progress on biological activity, mechanisms of action and application of Houttuynia cordata, columnId=1151923894560060071, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Nutrition and Functional Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Houttuynia cordata, known as a dual-use plant for both medicine and food, contains various functional components such as flavonoids and polysaccharides. It exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and immune-regulating effects. The mechanisms underlying its bioactivities are complex and involve the regulation of multiple biological signaling pathways. Currently, Houttuynia cordata is widely used in traditional medicine, functional foods, and cosmetics. Its diverse bioactivities and complex mechanisms suggest a broad application potential. However, further in-depth studies are necessary to elucidate its specific mechanisms of action and ensure safety, thereby promoting its applications in the fields of medicine and health care. This article reviewed the biological activity and mechanism of action of Houttuynia cordata, and summarized the current application status of Houttuynia cordata in medical and healthcare fields, in order to provide reference for further development of Houttuynia cordata.

, correspAuthors=Li-Hua LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Li-Hua LIN, Jing CHEN, An-Ping LU, Yi-Jun CHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986719604002946, articleId=1153986715007045736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=鱼腥草的生物活性、作用机制及其应用研究进展, columnId=1151923894698472105, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品营养及功能性食品, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)为药食同源植物, 含有黄酮和多糖等多种功能性成分, 具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和免疫调节等多种生物活性。鱼腥草生物活性的作用机制复杂多样, 涉及多条生物信号通路的调控。目前, 鱼腥草已被广泛用于传统医药、功能性食品和化妆品中, 其多样的生物活性和复杂的作用机制展示了广泛的应用前景。然而, 仍需进一步深入研究其具体作用机制和安全性, 以推动其在医药和保健领域的应用。本文综述了鱼腥草的生物活性和作用机制, 并总结鱼腥草在医疗和保健等领域的应用现状, 以期为鱼腥草进一步开发提供参考。

, correspAuthors=林丽华, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 林丽华(1992—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:
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Clinical study on Yuxingcao eye drops combined with fusidic acid eye drops in treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis[J]. Drugs & Clinic, 2022, 37(5): 1085-1089., articleTitle=Clinical study on Yuxingcao eye drops combined with fusidic acid eye drops in treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566822843068570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=90, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=87, authorNames=叶雅, journalName=哈尔滨医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶雅. 口腔溃疡实施维生素C联合鱼腥草颗粒治疗的有效性分析[J]. 哈尔滨医药, 2022, 42(1): 90-91., articleTitle=口腔溃疡实施维生素C联合鱼腥草颗粒治疗的有效性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566822905983132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=90, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=88, authorNames=YE Y, journalName=Harbin Medical Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Y. Efficacy analysis of vitamin C combined with houttuynia cordata granules in the treatment of oral ulcers[J]. Harbin Medical Journal, 2022, 42(1): 90-91., articleTitle=Efficacy analysis of vitamin C combined with houttuynia cordata granules in the treatment of oral ulcers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566822960509086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=147, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=89, authorNames=李丹, 汪贤梅, 梁秋, journalName=中国药物评价, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李丹, 汪贤梅, 梁秋, 等. 鱼腥草破壁饮片质量评价研究[J]. 中国药物评价, 2021, 38(2): 147-152., articleTitle=鱼腥草破壁饮片质量评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566823052783778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=147, pageEnd=152, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=90, authorNames=LI D, WANG XM, LIANG Q, journalName=Chinese Journal of Drug Evaluation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI D, WANG XM, LIANG Q, et al. Study on quality evaluation of Houttuynia cordata broken pieces[J]. Chinese Journal of Drug Evaluation, 2021, 38(2): 147-152., articleTitle=Study on quality evaluation of Houttuynia cordata broken pieces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566823098921124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=11, pageStart=302, pageEnd=312, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=91, authorNames=任盼红, 聂梦俭, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任盼红, 聂梦俭. 鱼腥草黄酮对运动疲劳大鼠骨骼肌能量代谢的影响[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2023, 14(11): 302-312., articleTitle=鱼腥草黄酮对运动疲劳大鼠骨骼肌能量代谢的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566823161835686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=11, pageStart=302, pageEnd=312, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=92, authorNames=REN PH, NIE MJ, journalName=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN PH, NIE MJ. Effects of Houttuynia cordata flavonoids on energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in exercise-induced fatigue rats[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(11): 302-312., articleTitle=Effects of Houttuynia cordata flavonoids on energy metabolism of skeletal muscle in exercise-induced fatigue rats, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1184566816861990959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, awardId=柳职院教字〔2024〕20号, language=CN, fundingSource=大学生创新与创造项目(柳职院教字〔2024〕20号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566816908128304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, awardId=柳职院教字[2023]3号, language=CN, fundingSource=“课堂革命”立项建设项目(柳职院教字[2023]3号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566816966848561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, awardId=桂教科研〔2024〕1号, language=CN, fundingSource=广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研〔2024〕1号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1184566813296833528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566813301027833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, companyId=1184566813296833528, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Liuzhou Agricultural Products Rapid Testing Engineering Technology Center, Liuzhou 545006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566813368136701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, companyId=1184566813355553787, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.柳州市农产品快速检测工程技术中心, 柳州 545006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1184566815377207326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main medicinal components of Houttuynia cordata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要药用成分 化学物质 生物活性
黄酮类化合物 槲皮素、异槲皮苷 抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒和免疫调节
挥发油 癸酰乙醛(即鱼腥草素)、柠檬烯 抗菌、抗病毒
多糖 多糖 免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎、增强机体的免疫力
有机酸类 咖啡酸和莽草酸 抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节、抑制病原体感染和自由基损伤
), ArticleFig(id=1184566815461093407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鱼腥草的主要药用成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主要药用成分 化学物质 生物活性
黄酮类化合物 槲皮素、异槲皮苷 抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒和免疫调节
挥发油 癸酰乙醛(即鱼腥草素)、柠檬烯 抗菌、抗病毒
多糖 多糖 免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗炎、增强机体的免疫力
有机酸类 咖啡酸和莽草酸 抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节、抑制病原体感染和自由基损伤
), ArticleFig(id=1184566815603699744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Antibacterial mechanism of action of Houttuynia cordata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
破坏细菌细胞壁和细胞膜 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-QE-MS)检测出应形成含15种有机酸(占比18.65%)、14种酚类(16.17%)、10种黄酮类(12.32%)、5种萜类(5.87%)、3种生物碱(1.62%)和3种醛类(1.28%), 这些成分破坏细菌细胞壁的完整性, 导致细胞内容物泄漏, 蛋白质和DNA含量降低, 细胞膜完整性受损, 细胞膜通透性改善, 细胞液渗漏, 细胞部分断裂, 从而杀死细菌 [10]
干扰细菌蛋白质合成 鱼腥草油及其微胶囊对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强, 能干扰细菌的蛋白质合成过程, 抑制其生长和繁殖 [11]
阻碍核酸代谢 鱼腥草对金葡菌、大肠杆菌抑制作用明显, 能阻碍细菌的核酸代谢, 降低DNA和RNA含量 [12]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566815695974433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鱼腥草的抗菌活性作用机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
破坏细菌细胞壁和细胞膜 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-QE-MS)检测出应形成含15种有机酸(占比18.65%)、14种酚类(16.17%)、10种黄酮类(12.32%)、5种萜类(5.87%)、3种生物碱(1.62%)和3种醛类(1.28%), 这些成分破坏细菌细胞壁的完整性, 导致细胞内容物泄漏, 蛋白质和DNA含量降低, 细胞膜完整性受损, 细胞膜通透性改善, 细胞液渗漏, 细胞部分断裂, 从而杀死细菌 [10]
干扰细菌蛋白质合成 鱼腥草油及其微胶囊对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最强, 能干扰细菌的蛋白质合成过程, 抑制其生长和繁殖 [11]
阻碍核酸代谢 鱼腥草对金葡菌、大肠杆菌抑制作用明显, 能阻碍细菌的核酸代谢, 降低DNA和RNA含量 [12]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566815792443426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mechanism of antiviral activity of Houttuynia cordata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
抑制信号通路 鱼腥草治疗病毒性肺炎作用机制与抑制肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)信号通路、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-17信号通路和C型凝集素受体信号通路等130个信号通路有关 [17]
抑制病毒复制 鱼腥草水提液通过抑制病毒在宿主细胞内的复制过程, 减少病毒的数量 [18]
抑制细胞NF-κB活化 溶斑减少试验表明鱼腥草具有抗单纯疱疹病毒活性, 能抑制病毒进入细胞及核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)活化, 从而抑制单纯疱疹病毒复制 [19]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566815884718115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鱼腥草的抗病毒活性作用机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
抑制信号通路 鱼腥草治疗病毒性肺炎作用机制与抑制肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)信号通路、白细胞介素(interleukin, IL)-17信号通路和C型凝集素受体信号通路等130个信号通路有关 [17]
抑制病毒复制 鱼腥草水提液通过抑制病毒在宿主细胞内的复制过程, 减少病毒的数量 [18]
抑制细胞NF-κB活化 溶斑减少试验表明鱼腥草具有抗单纯疱疹病毒活性, 能抑制病毒进入细胞及核因子κB (nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB)活化, 从而抑制单纯疱疹病毒复制 [19]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566815993770020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Houttuynia cordata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
抑制炎症因子的生成和释放 鱼腥草提取物减少TNF-α、白介素(如IL-1β、IL-6)等炎症因子的生成和释放。在脂多糖诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型中, 鱼腥草发酵液以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制了促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌, 增强小鼠的免疫系统 [20,24]
调控信号通路 鱼腥草水提取物对脂多糖(1.0 mg/kg)诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎具有抑制作用, 其机制与降低IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平有关, 可能是通过调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR、Wnt/β-catenin和NF-κB/MAPK信号通路, 减少炎症基因的表达 [25]
改变酶的活性 鱼腥草对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症及病理损伤有缓解作用, 小鼠髓过氧化物酶活力显著降低, 超氧化物歧化酶活力显著升高, 机体的抗氧化能力得到了增强 [26]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566816111210533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

鱼腥草的抗炎活性作用机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
抑制炎症因子的生成和释放 鱼腥草提取物减少TNF-α、白介素(如IL-1β、IL-6)等炎症因子的生成和释放。在脂多糖诱导的小鼠耳肿胀模型中, 鱼腥草发酵液以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制了促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌, 增强小鼠的免疫系统 [20,24]
调控信号通路 鱼腥草水提取物对脂多糖(1.0 mg/kg)诱导的大鼠葡萄膜炎具有抑制作用, 其机制与降低IL-6、TNF-α的表达水平有关, 可能是通过调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR、Wnt/β-catenin和NF-κB/MAPK信号通路, 减少炎症基因的表达 [25]
改变酶的活性 鱼腥草对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症及病理损伤有缓解作用, 小鼠髓过氧化物酶活力显著降低, 超氧化物歧化酶活力显著升高, 机体的抗氧化能力得到了增强 [26]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566816291565608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mechanism of antioxidant activity of Houttuynia cordata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
提高抗氧化酶的活性 饲料中添加2%鱼腥草能提高加州鲈超氧化物歧化酶的活性、降低丙二醛和谷丙转氨酶的活性, 能缓解加州鲈鱼体热应激反应。鱼腥草水提物总黄酮和多酚含量分别为4.77 mg/mL和139.15 mg/mL, 对细胞具有保护作用, 超氧化物歧化酶活性升高, 活性氧水平降低 [31-32]
清除自由基 鱼腥草多糖具有Fe2+螯合能力, 与剂量呈正相关。鱼腥草水溶性多糖清除的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基(oxhydryl, ·OH)自由基的活性分别为87.18%和31.37%。鱼腥草黄酮清除DPPH自由基能力与浓度呈正相关。鱼腥草挥发油为1.2 mg/mL时, ·OH自由基清除率为62.72%, DPPH清除率为72.43%。 [33-36]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566816379645994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

鱼腥草的抗氧化活性作用机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
提高抗氧化酶的活性 饲料中添加2%鱼腥草能提高加州鲈超氧化物歧化酶的活性、降低丙二醛和谷丙转氨酶的活性, 能缓解加州鲈鱼体热应激反应。鱼腥草水提物总黄酮和多酚含量分别为4.77 mg/mL和139.15 mg/mL, 对细胞具有保护作用, 超氧化物歧化酶活性升高, 活性氧水平降低 [31-32]
清除自由基 鱼腥草多糖具有Fe2+螯合能力, 与剂量呈正相关。鱼腥草水溶性多糖清除的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基(oxhydryl, ·OH)自由基的活性分别为87.18%和31.37%。鱼腥草黄酮清除DPPH自由基能力与浓度呈正相关。鱼腥草挥发油为1.2 mg/mL时, ·OH自由基清除率为62.72%, DPPH清除率为72.43%。 [33-36]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566816467726380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Mechanism of antitumor activity of Houttuynia cordata

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抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
抑制信号通路 鱼腥草具有潜在抗肺癌的作用, 其可能通过非受体酪氨酸激酶JAK2/STAT3 (JAK-STAT signaling pathway)通路将肿瘤细胞遏制于细胞周期G1期而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖, 发挥抗肿瘤作用。鱼腥草挥发油通过抑制RAF/MEK/ERK (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase)通路, 抑制相关基因的表达和蛋白质的磷酸化水平, 诱导肺癌细胞凋亡。鱼腥草总黄酮通过调控PI3K/Akt (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/ kT)信号通路, 从而诱导人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7 (michigan cancer foundation-7)凋亡 [39-41]
调节肿瘤细胞生长 鱼腥草乙醇提取物对皮肤鳞状细胞癌有较佳治疗作用, 通过调节肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞和肿瘤免疫微环境来抑制癌症。鱼腥草提取物对结肠癌细胞HCT116 (human colorectal tumor 116)的生长增殖有明显的抑制作用 [42-43]
), ArticleFig(id=1184566816543223854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986715007045736, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

鱼腥草的抗肿瘤活性作用机制

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗菌活性 作用机制 参考文献
抑制信号通路 鱼腥草具有潜在抗肺癌的作用, 其可能通过非受体酪氨酸激酶JAK2/STAT3 (JAK-STAT signaling pathway)通路将肿瘤细胞遏制于细胞周期G1期而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖, 发挥抗肿瘤作用。鱼腥草挥发油通过抑制RAF/MEK/ERK (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase)通路, 抑制相关基因的表达和蛋白质的磷酸化水平, 诱导肺癌细胞凋亡。鱼腥草总黄酮通过调控PI3K/Akt (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/ kT)信号通路, 从而诱导人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7 (michigan cancer foundation-7)凋亡 [39-41]
调节肿瘤细胞生长 鱼腥草乙醇提取物对皮肤鳞状细胞癌有较佳治疗作用, 通过调节肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞和肿瘤免疫微环境来抑制癌症。鱼腥草提取物对结肠癌细胞HCT116 (human colorectal tumor 116)的生长增殖有明显的抑制作用 [42-43]
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鱼腥草的生物活性、作用机制及其应用研究进展
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林丽华 1, 2, * , 陈璟 1, 2 , 卢安萍 1, 2 , 陈奕君 1, 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025,16(2): 239-245
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品营养及功能性食品 2025, 16(2): 239-245
鱼腥草的生物活性、作用机制及其应用研究进展
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林丽华1, 2, * , 陈璟1, 2, 卢安萍1, 2, 陈奕君1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.柳州职业技术大学环境与食品工程学院, 柳州 545006
  • 2.柳州市农产品快速检测工程技术中心, 柳州 545006

通讯作者:

* 林丽华(1992—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:
Research progress on biological activity, mechanisms of action and application of Houttuynia cordata
Li-Hua LIN1, 2, * , Jing CHEN1, 2, An-Ping LU1, 2, Yi-Jun CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Environment and Food Engineering School, Liuzhou Polytechnic University, Liuzhou 545006, China
  • 2. Liuzhou Agricultural Products Rapid Testing Engineering Technology Center, Liuzhou 545006, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025002
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鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)为药食同源植物, 含有黄酮和多糖等多种功能性成分, 具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和免疫调节等多种生物活性。鱼腥草生物活性的作用机制复杂多样, 涉及多条生物信号通路的调控。目前, 鱼腥草已被广泛用于传统医药、功能性食品和化妆品中, 其多样的生物活性和复杂的作用机制展示了广泛的应用前景。然而, 仍需进一步深入研究其具体作用机制和安全性, 以推动其在医药和保健领域的应用。本文综述了鱼腥草的生物活性和作用机制, 并总结鱼腥草在医疗和保健等领域的应用现状, 以期为鱼腥草进一步开发提供参考。

鱼腥草  /  生物活性  /  作用机制  /  应用

Houttuynia cordata, known as a dual-use plant for both medicine and food, contains various functional components such as flavonoids and polysaccharides. It exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and immune-regulating effects. The mechanisms underlying its bioactivities are complex and involve the regulation of multiple biological signaling pathways. Currently, Houttuynia cordata is widely used in traditional medicine, functional foods, and cosmetics. Its diverse bioactivities and complex mechanisms suggest a broad application potential. However, further in-depth studies are necessary to elucidate its specific mechanisms of action and ensure safety, thereby promoting its applications in the fields of medicine and health care. This article reviewed the biological activity and mechanism of action of Houttuynia cordata, and summarized the current application status of Houttuynia cordata in medical and healthcare fields, in order to provide reference for further development of Houttuynia cordata.

Houttuynia cordata  /  biological activities  /  mechanism of action  /  applications
林丽华, 陈璟, 卢安萍, 陈奕君. 鱼腥草的生物活性、作用机制及其应用研究进展. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (2) : 239 -245 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025002
Li-Hua LIN, Jing CHEN, An-Ping LU, Yi-Jun CHEN. Research progress on biological activity, mechanisms of action and application of Houttuynia cordata[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (2) : 239 -245 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025002
鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata), 又称折耳根, 属于被子植物门(Angiospermae)、双子叶植物纲(Dicotyledoneae)、毛茛目(Ranunculales)、三白草科(Saururaceae)、鱼腥草属(Houttuynia), 是一种多年生草本植物, 广泛分布于中国及韩国等国家, 在国内分布于广东、广西、福建、湖南、湖北、四川、云南、贵州、重庆、浙江、江西和江苏等地, 在陕西、甘肃等北方地区也有分布, 常生长于潮湿或半阴湿地带, 对土壤的要求不高, 在肥沃、排水良好的土壤中生长更为茂盛, 具有易生长、适应性强的特性[1]。鱼腥草具有明显的特征性外观, 通常生长高度为30~50 cm。根茎横向延伸并呈白色至浅黄色, 略具辛辣气味。叶片呈卵形或心形, 互生, 叶表面光滑, 颜色为翠绿色至暗绿色, 叶脉清晰。茎呈直立状或匍匐, 略带紫红色。花序为穗状花序, 顶生或腋生, 花瓣退化成白色苞片围绕小花, 花期一般为5—7月[2]
鱼腥草的主要药用成分包括多种功能性物质, 这些成分为其广泛的药理作用奠定了基础, 如表1所示[3-4]
鱼腥草的药用成分表现出多种生物活性, 使其在中药、功能性食品及其他健康产品中有了一定的应用。本文综述了鱼腥草的生物活性和作用机制, 并总结鱼腥草在医疗和保健等领域的应用现状, 以期为鱼腥草在不同领域的发展提供可参考的依据。
鱼腥草对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强抑制作用, 可用于治疗由该菌引起的皮肤感染和呼吸道感染[5], 对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌有显著的抑制作用, 可用于预防和治疗泌尿道感染和胃肠道感染[6], 对铜绿假单胞菌也有一定的抑制效果, 适用于治疗由该菌引起的烧伤感染和其他严重感染[7]。鱼腥草可有效抑制肺炎链球菌的生长, 有助于治疗肺炎和其他呼吸道感染[8]。鱼腥草对禾谷镰刀菌、褐枝孢菌、番茄灰霉病菌、瓜类球腔菌和棉花枯萎病菌抑菌率介于38%~50%范围[9]。其作用机制总结如表2所示。
体外抗病毒试验显示鱼腥草不同溶剂提取物对手足口病病毒和单纯疱疹病毒1型抗病毒作用较强, 对呼吸道合胞病毒、柯萨奇病毒B3型、柯萨奇病毒B5型的效果甚微或无明显作用[13]。鱼腥草能抑制单纯疱疹病毒1型的复制和传播, 用于治疗口腔和面部疱疹, 其对单纯疱疹病毒2型亦有抑制作用, 可用于治疗生殖器疱疹[14]。鱼腥草对传染性鼻气管炎病毒有显著的抑制作用, 可减少呼吸道感染[15]。鱼腥草对甲型和乙型流感病毒具有一定抑制作用, 适用于流感的预防和治疗[16]。其作用机制总结如表3所示。
采用腹腔注射脂多糖法建立小鼠急性炎症模型, 以血清中促炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量为指标, 评价鱼腥草抗炎活性, 与模型组相比, 鱼腥草给药组小鼠血清中促炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量显著降低(P<0.05), 炎性反应获得治疗和控制[20]。鱼腥草多糖能抑制溃疡性结肠炎的炎症反应, 减轻结肠组织损伤[21]。鱼腥草可治疗湿疹, 缓解瘙痒红肿, 能抑制过敏反应, 减轻皮肤过敏引起的炎症[22]。鱼腥草还能减轻肺炎支原体感染炎症[23]。其作用机制总结如表4所示。
鱼腥草中的异槲皮苷、槲皮苷、异绿原酸A、金丝桃苷、芦丁与抗氧化活性有较高的关联度[27]。鱼腥草能减轻氧化应激对血管的损伤, 对多柔比星诱导心脏毒性具有保护作用[28]。鱼腥草挥发油对小鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用且呈剂量依赖性[29]。鱼腥草水提物含酚酸、槲皮素糖苷和山奈酚糖苷, 具有较好的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力及α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力, 皮尔森相关性分析结果表明多酚是鱼腥草中的主要抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性成分[30]。其作用机制总结如表5所示。
鱼腥草对多种肿瘤具有显著的抑制作用, 鱼腥草提取物能抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖和迁移, 诱导细胞凋亡, 具有显著的抗肺癌效果[37]。运用细胞生存活力测定实验表明鱼腥草挥发油对结直肠癌具有显著的抑制作用[38]。其作用机制总结如表6所示。
鱼腥草还具有免疫调节活性, 利用脂多糖诱导的免疫应激大鼠模型, 初步明确了鱼腥草总黄酮的免疫调节作用[44]
复合鱼腥草合剂联合利巴韦林注射液用于治疗儿童风热型急性病毒性上呼吸道感染, 能有效减轻炎性反应, 加快临床症状的缓解, 缩短病程, 用药安全性较好[45]。复方鱼腥草合剂联合常规治疗可缓解急性上呼吸道感染风热证患者临床症状[46]。鱼腥草芩蓝合剂对上呼吸道急性化脓性扁桃体炎患儿治疗有显著效果, 显著改善其病情, 且治疗安全性较高, 该治疗方案值得在临床中推广应用[47]
应用鱼腥草滴眼液联合夫西地酸滴眼液治疗急性细菌性结膜炎, 整体疗效确切、安全有效, 且迅速地改善患者眼部表现[48]。将维生素C联合鱼腥草颗粒治疗口腔溃疡, 治疗效果确切, 患者疗效提高、症状改善, 且安全性较高, 可推广及应用[49]
鱼腥草不仅在治疗疾病方面具有显著的效果, 而且在保健领域也有广泛的应用。以下是鱼腥草在保健方面的具体应用方式:
(1)鱼腥草破壁饮片。鱼腥草经干燥、破壁处理后制成, 可使鱼腥草中的活性成分黄酮类化合物、多糖和挥发油等更迅速地释放出来, 从而增强其抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和免疫调节等生物活性, 破壁饮片可以直接用于泡茶、煮汤或制作其他药膳, 方便使用, 并且提高了药效[50]。(2)鱼腥草茶。将干燥的鱼腥草叶或根泡茶饮用, 具有清热、利尿和排毒的效果。(3)鱼腥草提取物。市场上有多种鱼腥草提取物胶囊或片剂, 提供了一种补充鱼腥草中有效成分的便捷途径。
鱼腥草化学成分较复杂, 将其用于保健食品原料具有很大的发展潜力。鱼腥草有较强的功效, 在保健食品中应适量使用, 保证其长期食用的安全性和有效性。
(1)植物防护剂。鱼腥草的提取物具有抗病虫害活性, 用于植物防护剂或天然农药的研发, 减少对化学农药的依赖, 从而更加环保。(2)畜牧业饲料添加剂。在养殖业中, 鱼腥草的提取物作为饲料添加剂, 有助于提高动物的免疫力, 减少抗生素的使用, 从而提升畜禽健康水平和肉制品的安全性。
(1)护肤品成分。鱼腥草中富含抗菌等成分, 具有抗氧化和保湿作用, 鱼腥草膏剂, 可用于皮肤护理和抗炎[51]。(2)抗痘和控油产品。鱼腥草常用于抗痘化妆品, 可有效抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌, 改善皮肤油脂分泌状况。
(1)精油与香薰产品。鱼腥草的挥发性成分具有特殊香气, 可用于精油、香薰产品, 提供放松、舒缓身心的作用。(2)药枕和草药包。鱼腥草制成药枕或草药包, 用于缓解疲劳、提高睡眠质量, 成为传统保健手段的一部分。
近年来, 关于鱼腥草生物活性的研究越来越多, 主要集中在成分分离和鉴定。未来, 可从以下几个方面对鱼腥草展开深入研究: (1)作用机制研究。深入研究鱼腥草生物活性成分的作用机制, 为其临床应用提供理论基础; (2)联合用药研究。探讨鱼腥草与其他药物的联合使用效果, 旨在增强临床治疗效果并降低药物耐药性的发生率。(3)细胞实验。通过体外细胞培养实验, 研究鱼腥草对细菌病毒的抑制效果等; (4)动物实验。通过动物模型研究鱼腥草的医疗效果及其安全性, 如使用小鼠模型研究鱼腥草对肾性水肿和酒精性肝病的保护作用等; (5)人群研究。如在流感季节, 对使用鱼腥草提取物的人群进行观察, 评估其预防流感的效果。如在炎症高发人群中使用鱼腥草提取物, 观察其减轻炎症反应的效果; (6)临床试验。如通过双盲对照试验, 研究鱼腥草在治疗疱疹等病毒感染中的疗效和安全性。
综上, 鱼腥草作为一种具有多种生物活性的重要植物资源, 其研究和应用前景广阔。随着研究的深入和技术的进步, 鱼腥草在各种疾病的治疗和保健食品的应用将进一步得到拓展和优化。
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2025年第16卷第2期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241025002
  • 接收时间:2024-10-25
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25
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大学生创新与创造项目(柳职院教字〔2024〕20号)
“课堂革命”立项建设项目(柳职院教字[2023]3号)
广西高校中青年教师科研基础能力提升项目(桂教科研〔2024〕1号)
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    1.柳州职业技术大学环境与食品工程学院, 柳州 545006
    2.柳州市农产品快速检测工程技术中心, 柳州 545006

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* 林丽华(1992—), 女, 硕士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品加工与安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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