Article(id=1153986712620491227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241105005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061472325, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061472325, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061472325, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061472325, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986709126635984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061471492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760345674980, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=178, endPage=186, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986713169945057, articleId=1153986712620491227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Simultaneous detection of 4 kinds of purines in edible fungi by high performance liquid chromatography, columnId=1153986581653349021, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and adenine in edible fungi by high performance liquid chromatography, and use this method to the analysis of commercially available edible fungi. Methods The purines (hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and adenine) from edible fungi were extracted by using acid hydrolysis. The chromatographic column was selected based on the resolution and peak shape of the 4 kinds of purines. Detection conditions, including the mobile phase ratio, flow rate, column temperature, and injection volume, were optimized, and the methodology was validated. Results The results showed that using Insert Sustain AQ-C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.0) and methanol (V:V=97:3), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and the column temperature of 30 ℃, with an injection volume of 10 μL and detected at 254 nm, the 4 kinds of purines could be completely separated with good peak shapes. And the methodological validation results showed that this method exhibited a good linear relationship within the detected range. Conclusion A high performance liquid chromatography method is established through the optimization of detection conditions, which effectively differentiates and simultaneously detects the 4 kinds of purines in edible fungi. The content of hypoxanthine and xanthine (uric acid precursor substances) are very low or undetectable in the detected edible fungi. Based on the purine intake guidelines in the Encyclopedia of Chinese nutritional science, the dietary intake of the currently available commercial edible mushrooms is determined.

, correspAuthors=Xiu-Zhi FAN, Yu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-Xia LIU, Xiu-Zhi FAN, Chao-Min YIN, De-Fang SHI, Fen YAO, Hong GAO, Yu ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986747672289790, articleId=1153986712620491227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱法同时检测食用菌中的4种嘌呤, columnId=1153986581842092705, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时检测食用菌中次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤的方法, 并将其应用于市售食用菌检测。方法 利用酸水解的方法提取食用菌中的次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤, 通过4种嘌呤的分离度和峰形筛选色谱柱, 优化流动性比例、流速、柱温和进样量等检测条件, 并对检测条件进行方法学验证。结果 当使用Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱, 以pH为4.0、浓度为50 mmol/L的乙酸铵溶液与甲醇(V:V=97:3)为流动相, 流速为0.6 mL/min, 柱温30 ℃, 进样量10 μL, 在254 nm检测波长下4种嘌呤可以完全分离且峰形较好。经方法学验证, 得出此方法在检测范围内线性关系良好。结论 通过检测条件优化建立了一种可有效区分和同时检测食用菌中4种嘌呤的高效液相色谱检测方法, 所测市售食用菌中尿酸前体物质次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤含量较低或不能检出, 根据《中国营养科学全书》中嘌呤摄入量控制, 确定了现有市售食用菌的膳食量。

, correspAuthors=范秀芝, 张玉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 范秀芝(1984—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食用菌活性物质合成调控及精深加工。E-mail:
张玉(1982—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品酿造技术与工程。E-mail:
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刘红霞(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为发酵工程。E-mail:

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Comparative analysis of purine content in Lentinula edodes with different batches and textures[J]. Food Science and Technology, 2020, 45(7): 98-101., articleTitle=Comparative analysis of purine content in Lentinula edodes with different batches and textures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566976203600092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=6, pageStart=445, pageEnd=451, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=49, authorNames=KIM YH, LEE Y, EO HJ, journalName=Mycobiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIM YH, LEE Y, EO HJ. Influence of storage temperature on levels of bioactive compounds in shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes)[J]. Mycobiology, 2023, 51(6): 445-451., articleTitle=Influence of storage temperature on levels of bioactive compounds in shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1184566976274903262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=100260, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=50, authorNames=XAIO L, SHA WQ, TAO CL, journalName=Food Chemistry X, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XAIO L, SHA WQ, TAO CL, et al. Effect on purine releasement of Lentinus edodes by different food processing techniques[J]. Food Chemistry X, 2022, 13: 100260., articleTitle=Effect on purine releasement of Lentinus edodes by different food processing techniques, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1184566971816357998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, awardId=2022BBA0024, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省重点研发技术项目(2022BBA0024), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1184566971908632687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, awardId=2023BBB138, language=CN, fundingSource=湖北省重点研发技术项目(2023BBB138), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1184566967106154529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566967114543138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, companyId=1184566967106154529, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566967122931747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, companyId=1184566967106154529, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院, 武汉 430000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1184566967190040612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566967198429221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, companyId=1184566967190040612, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute of Agro-products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566967206817830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, companyId=1184566967190040612, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所, 武汉 430064)]), AuthorCompany(id=1184566967269732391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566967273926696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, companyId=1184566967269732391, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566967282315305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, companyId=1184566967269732391, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室, 武汉 430064)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1184566970042167384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Separation effects of Venusil C18 Plus (A) and Insert Sustain AQ-C18 (B) columns on the 4 kinds of purines, figureFileSmall=l7jtFDH9KveLWcyzAje4zw==, figureFileBig=7oSLmdUv9l9xo7rNZyFBGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970172190809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Venusil C18 Plus (A)和Insert Sustain AQ-C18 (B)色谱柱对4种嘌呤的分离效果

注: ①次黄嘌呤; ②鸟嘌呤; ③黄嘌呤; ④腺嘌呤, 下同。

, figureFileSmall=l7jtFDH9KveLWcyzAje4zw==, figureFileBig=7oSLmdUv9l9xo7rNZyFBGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970239299674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of ammonium acetate concentration on the separation effects of 4 kinds of purines, figureFileSmall=o5y1/Ynml1DwB/IUYGnRng==, figureFileBig=YSrznUpI8MK94Lyay2BEHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970331574363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乙酸铵溶液浓度对4种嘌呤的分离效果的影响

注: A. 20 mmol/L; B. 50 mmol/L; C. 80 mmol/L。

, figureFileSmall=o5y1/Ynml1DwB/IUYGnRng==, figureFileBig=YSrznUpI8MK94Lyay2BEHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970423849052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of ammonium acetate pH on the separation effects of 4 kinds of purines, figureFileSmall=6nHjkeETbkjCuyHUO7IVRg==, figureFileBig=LQa7RpErrT2TxTN6ENPw+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970495152221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乙酸铵溶液pH对4种嘌呤的分离效果的影响

注: A. pH=3.8; B. pH=4.0; C. pH=4.2。

, figureFileSmall=6nHjkeETbkjCuyHUO7IVRg==, figureFileBig=LQa7RpErrT2TxTN6ENPw+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970574843998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of mobile phase ratio on the separation effects of 4 kinds of purines, figureFileSmall=We8sb6RC+pCvN0XELjqKmg==, figureFileBig=NBvdFf8nBidFU4dlthkcAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970633564255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乙酸铵和甲醇比例对4种嘌呤分离效果的影响

注: A. 乙酸铵:甲醇=95:5 (V:V); B. 乙酸铵:甲醇=97:3 (V:V); C. 乙酸铵:甲醇=99:1 (V:V)。

, figureFileSmall=We8sb6RC+pCvN0XELjqKmg==, figureFileBig=NBvdFf8nBidFU4dlthkcAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970692284512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of mobile phase flow rate on the separation effects of 4 kinds of purines, figureFileSmall=3mcc6MwenXZcTN8J5P02dA==, figureFileBig=Rchpj4+LQlAZ3nG/YOB62w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970759393377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=图5, caption=流动相流速对4种嘌呤分离效果的影响

注: A. 0.6 mL/min; B. 0.8 mL/min; C. 1.0 mL/min。

, figureFileSmall=3mcc6MwenXZcTN8J5P02dA==, figureFileBig=Rchpj4+LQlAZ3nG/YOB62w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970839085154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of column temperature on the separation effects of 4 kinds of purines, figureFileSmall=PoAwhBKid2KRMScOGnNcCw==, figureFileBig=QNQxtU60CTQ0VgbDHCdjYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970906194019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=图6, caption=柱温对4种嘌呤分离效果的影响

注: A. 25 ℃; B. 30 ℃; C. 35 ℃

, figureFileSmall=PoAwhBKid2KRMScOGnNcCw==, figureFileBig=QNQxtU60CTQ0VgbDHCdjYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566970990080100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Regression equation, correlation coefficient, LODs, and LOQs of 4 kinds of purine compounds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嘌呤种类 回归方程 相关系数(r2) 线性范围/(mg/L) LODs/(mg/L) LOQs/(mg/L)
次黄嘌呤 Y=75909X‒13569 0.9981 1.250~40.000 0.019 0.063
鸟嘌呤 y=54928X‒11099 0.9981 1.250~40.000 0.030 0.100
黄嘌呤 Y=41676X‒15846 0.9980 0.625~20.000 0.040 0.132
腺嘌呤 Y=79848X‒36027 0.9978 2.500~80.000 0.043 0.143
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971065577573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4种嘌呤化合物的回归方程、相关系数、线性范围、LODs和LOQs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嘌呤种类 回归方程 相关系数(r2) 线性范围/(mg/L) LODs/(mg/L) LOQs/(mg/L)
次黄嘌呤 Y=75909X‒13569 0.9981 1.250~40.000 0.019 0.063
鸟嘌呤 y=54928X‒11099 0.9981 1.250~40.000 0.030 0.100
黄嘌呤 Y=41676X‒15846 0.9980 0.625~20.000 0.040 0.132
腺嘌呤 Y=79848X‒36027 0.9978 2.500~80.000 0.043 0.143
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971157852262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection precision of HPLC

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嘌呤种类 平均值/(μg/mL) RSDs/%
次黄嘌呤 39.22 1.22
鸟嘌呤 40.42 1.94
黄嘌呤 20.48 0.78
腺嘌呤 60.21 1.29
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971216572519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HPLC检测精密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嘌呤种类 平均值/(μg/mL) RSDs/%
次黄嘌呤 39.22 1.22
鸟嘌呤 40.42 1.94
黄嘌呤 20.48 0.78
腺嘌呤 60.21 1.29
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971271098472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Recovery rates of standard addition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嘌呤 样品测定值/(mg/100 g) 加标量
/(mg/100 g)
平均回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
次黄
嘌呤
4.15 4.00 83.90 3.50
2.00 74.24 1.15
1.00 91.51 5.10
鸟嘌呤 6.46 12.00 95.56 5.24
6.00 83.19 3.78
3.00 87.88 3.51
黄嘌呤 6.70 12.00 85.13 4.49
6.00 102.62 3.36
3.00 83.25 3.52
腺嘌呤 73.65 80.00 80.45 2.75
40.00 86.80 1.79
20.00 83.34 2.22
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971321430121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

加标回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
嘌呤 样品测定值/(mg/100 g) 加标量
/(mg/100 g)
平均回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
次黄
嘌呤
4.15 4.00 83.90 3.50
2.00 74.24 1.15
1.00 91.51 5.10
鸟嘌呤 6.46 12.00 95.56 5.24
6.00 83.19 3.78
3.00 87.88 3.51
黄嘌呤 6.70 12.00 85.13 4.49
6.00 102.62 3.36
3.00 83.25 3.52
腺嘌呤 73.65 80.00 80.45 2.75
40.00 86.80 1.79
20.00 83.34 2.22
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971409510506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Purine content in 16 kinds of commercially available edible mushrooms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种 水分/% 次黄嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
鸟嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
黄嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
腺嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
总嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
猴头菇(干) 8.98 5.26 41.90 369.54 416.70
双孢蘑菇 87.23 4.93 43.60 7.09 359.37 414.99
黄色大球盖菇(干) 9.48 8.82 84.16 4.18 193.50 290.66
香菇 80.34 24.38 94.40 8.32 133.22 260.32
金针菇 86.72 4.33 24.07 211.77 240.16
虫草花 83.91 17.88 221.57 239.45
白玉菇 87.21 4.23 21.27 185.33 210.83
姬菇 87.19 8.57 112.83 0.96 79.42 201.77
灰树花(干) 10.00 13.98 73.24 82.87 170.09
裂褶菌(干) 11.94 5.89 44.78 6.68 90.29 147.64
黑木耳 91.99 8.78 134.70 143.48
杏鲍菇 84.15 4.49 17.40 1.09 115.26 138.24
银耳 90.28 5.56 10.06 118.99 134.60
平菇 88.56 9.19 119.26 128.45
褐色大球盖菇(干) 12.47 5.08 29.48 61.94 96.50
蟹味菇 88.11 4.15 6.46 6.70 73.65 90.96
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971510173803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

16种市售食用菌中的嘌呤含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种 水分/% 次黄嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
鸟嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
黄嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
腺嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
总嘌呤
/(mg/100 g DW)
猴头菇(干) 8.98 5.26 41.90 369.54 416.70
双孢蘑菇 87.23 4.93 43.60 7.09 359.37 414.99
黄色大球盖菇(干) 9.48 8.82 84.16 4.18 193.50 290.66
香菇 80.34 24.38 94.40 8.32 133.22 260.32
金针菇 86.72 4.33 24.07 211.77 240.16
虫草花 83.91 17.88 221.57 239.45
白玉菇 87.21 4.23 21.27 185.33 210.83
姬菇 87.19 8.57 112.83 0.96 79.42 201.77
灰树花(干) 10.00 13.98 73.24 82.87 170.09
裂褶菌(干) 11.94 5.89 44.78 6.68 90.29 147.64
黑木耳 91.99 8.78 134.70 143.48
杏鲍菇 84.15 4.49 17.40 1.09 115.26 138.24
银耳 90.28 5.56 10.06 118.99 134.60
平菇 88.56 9.19 119.26 128.45
褐色大球盖菇(干) 12.47 5.08 29.48 61.94 96.50
蟹味菇 88.11 4.15 6.46 6.70 73.65 90.96
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971589865580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Daily diet limits of some fresh edible mushrooms for gout patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类 嘌呤含量/(mg/100 g FW) 痛风患者
每日限量/g
正常人群
每日限量/g
种类 嘌呤含量/(mg/100 g FW) 痛风患者
每日限量/g
正常人群
每日限量/g
双孢蘑菇 52.99 188.7~283.0 1132.2~1887.0 黑木耳 11.49 870.1~1305.2 5220.7~8701.1
香菇 51.18 195.4~293.1 1172.4~1953.9 杏鲍菇 21.91 456.4~684.6 2738.3~4563.9
金针菇 31.89 313.5~470.3 1881.3~3135.5 银耳 13.08 764.3~1146.5 4586.1~7643.4
虫草花 38.53 259.6~389.3 1557.3~2595.5 平菇 14.69 680.5~1020.8 4083.1~6805.2
白玉菇 26.97 370.8~556.3 2225.1~3708.5 蟹味菇 10.82 924.6~1386.9 5547.8~9246.3
姬菇 25.85 386.9~580.3 2321.4~3869.0
), ArticleFig(id=1184566971669557357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986712620491227, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

市售新鲜食用菌的每日指导食用限量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类 嘌呤含量/(mg/100 g FW) 痛风患者
每日限量/g
正常人群
每日限量/g
种类 嘌呤含量/(mg/100 g FW) 痛风患者
每日限量/g
正常人群
每日限量/g
双孢蘑菇 52.99 188.7~283.0 1132.2~1887.0 黑木耳 11.49 870.1~1305.2 5220.7~8701.1
香菇 51.18 195.4~293.1 1172.4~1953.9 杏鲍菇 21.91 456.4~684.6 2738.3~4563.9
金针菇 31.89 313.5~470.3 1881.3~3135.5 银耳 13.08 764.3~1146.5 4586.1~7643.4
虫草花 38.53 259.6~389.3 1557.3~2595.5 平菇 14.69 680.5~1020.8 4083.1~6805.2
白玉菇 26.97 370.8~556.3 2225.1~3708.5 蟹味菇 10.82 924.6~1386.9 5547.8~9246.3
姬菇 25.85 386.9~580.3 2321.4~3869.0
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高效液相色谱法同时检测食用菌中的4种嘌呤
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刘红霞 1, 2 , 范秀芝 2, * , 殷朝敏 2 , 史德芳 2, 3 , 姚芬 2 , 高虹 2, 3 , 张玉 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(2): 178-186
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(2): 178-186
高效液相色谱法同时检测食用菌中的4种嘌呤
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刘红霞1, 2 , 范秀芝2, * , 殷朝敏2, 史德芳2, 3, 姚芬2, 高虹2, 3, 张玉1, *
作者信息
  • 1.湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院, 武汉 430000
  • 2.湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所, 武汉 430064
  • 3.农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室, 武汉 430064
  • 刘红霞(1998—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为发酵工程。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 范秀芝(1984—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食用菌活性物质合成调控及精深加工。E-mail:
张玉(1982—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品酿造技术与工程。E-mail:
Simultaneous detection of 4 kinds of purines in edible fungi by high performance liquid chromatography
Hong-Xia LIU1, 2 , Xiu-Zhi FAN2, * , Chao-Min YIN2, De-Fang SHI2, 3, Fen YAO2, Hong GAO2, 3, Yu ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
  • 2. Institute of Agro-products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241105005
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目的 建立高效液相色谱法同时检测食用菌中次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤的方法, 并将其应用于市售食用菌检测。方法 利用酸水解的方法提取食用菌中的次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤, 通过4种嘌呤的分离度和峰形筛选色谱柱, 优化流动性比例、流速、柱温和进样量等检测条件, 并对检测条件进行方法学验证。结果 当使用Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱, 以pH为4.0、浓度为50 mmol/L的乙酸铵溶液与甲醇(V:V=97:3)为流动相, 流速为0.6 mL/min, 柱温30 ℃, 进样量10 μL, 在254 nm检测波长下4种嘌呤可以完全分离且峰形较好。经方法学验证, 得出此方法在检测范围内线性关系良好。结论 通过检测条件优化建立了一种可有效区分和同时检测食用菌中4种嘌呤的高效液相色谱检测方法, 所测市售食用菌中尿酸前体物质次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤含量较低或不能检出, 根据《中国营养科学全书》中嘌呤摄入量控制, 确定了现有市售食用菌的膳食量。

食用菌  /  嘌呤  /  高效液相色谱法  /  色谱条件

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and adenine in edible fungi by high performance liquid chromatography, and use this method to the analysis of commercially available edible fungi. Methods The purines (hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and adenine) from edible fungi were extracted by using acid hydrolysis. The chromatographic column was selected based on the resolution and peak shape of the 4 kinds of purines. Detection conditions, including the mobile phase ratio, flow rate, column temperature, and injection volume, were optimized, and the methodology was validated. Results The results showed that using Insert Sustain AQ-C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (pH 4.0) and methanol (V:V=97:3), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and the column temperature of 30 ℃, with an injection volume of 10 μL and detected at 254 nm, the 4 kinds of purines could be completely separated with good peak shapes. And the methodological validation results showed that this method exhibited a good linear relationship within the detected range. Conclusion A high performance liquid chromatography method is established through the optimization of detection conditions, which effectively differentiates and simultaneously detects the 4 kinds of purines in edible fungi. The content of hypoxanthine and xanthine (uric acid precursor substances) are very low or undetectable in the detected edible fungi. Based on the purine intake guidelines in the Encyclopedia of Chinese nutritional science, the dietary intake of the currently available commercial edible mushrooms is determined.

edible fungi  /  purine  /  high performance liquid chromatography  /  chromatographic conditions
刘红霞, 范秀芝, 殷朝敏, 史德芳, 姚芬, 高虹, 张玉. 高效液相色谱法同时检测食用菌中的4种嘌呤. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (2) : 178 -186 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241105005
Hong-Xia LIU, Xiu-Zhi FAN, Chao-Min YIN, De-Fang SHI, Fen YAO, Hong GAO, Yu ZHANG. Simultaneous detection of 4 kinds of purines in edible fungi by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (2) : 178 -186 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241105005
嘌呤是由嘧啶环和咪唑环缩合而成的双环化合物, 是构成核酸的重要碱基化合物, 主要包括腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤及其衍生物, 在核酸合成、能量供应、调节代谢等方面发挥着重要作用[1]。根据嘌呤来源可将腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤归为核酸来源的嘌呤(简称核酸源嘌呤, nucleic-acid-derived purines, NADP), 广泛存在于DNA、RNA分子中, 它们在遗传信息的传递与表达过程具有关键作用; 而黄嘌呤与次黄嘌呤归为非核酸来源的嘌呤(简称非核酸源嘌呤, non-nucleic-acid-derived foodborn purines, NNADP), 是嘌呤降解产生的代谢物, 并在相关酶的作用下转化成尿酸[2]。高尿酸血症是因为人体内缺少分解尿酸的酶, 当尿酸生成过量或者分排泄减少就会产生此症状[3]。大量的流行病学调查显示[4], 尿酸与高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、房颤、脑卒中等心血管事件有密切的关系。
食用菌中富含多糖、多酚类物质、萜类物质、矿物质、纤维素等, 使其在为消费者提供营养的同时还可以对高血压[5]、高血脂[6]、动脉硬化等疾病[7]具有显著的预防和治疗效果, 受到了众多消费者的青睐。近年来, 食用菌还被发现具有改善高尿酸血症的功效[811], 然而, 部分消费者和研究者因为食用菌含有较高的嘌呤含量而认为食用菌会引起痛风[12], 这一错误观念影响了食用菌及其衍生产品的市场销量。因此, 有必要对食用菌中嘌呤的种类和含量进行确定, 以评估其是否有引起痛风的风险, 并根据其含量制定合理的膳食指南, 为消费者尤其是痛风患者提供合理的膳食指导。
目前, 对嘌呤的测定主要有紫外分光光度法、气相色谱法、电泳法、纸层析法和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)等[1316]。在这些检测方法中, HPLC以其检测快速、灵敏度高、效率好、易操作、选择性高等特点被广泛使用[3]。然而, 由于食品种类繁多、嘌呤含量存在差异, 现有标准NY/T 4355—2023《农产品及其制品中嘌呤的测定 高效液相色谱法》用三氟乙酸水解嘌呤化合物, 以磷酸盐和甲醇为流动相, 在实验室的食用菌样品检测分析时出现HPLC峰形过宽且拖尾的现象, 嘌呤物质分离度较差。因此, 本研究以高氯酸作为水解剂, 以乙酸铵和甲醇为流动相, 对色谱柱、乙酸铵浓度、pH、流动相比例、流速和柱温等条件优化, 以建立一种简单且适用于食用菌中4种嘌呤物质分离的HPLC检测方法, 并在市售食用菌样品中进行应用, 以初步掌握食用菌中嘌呤含量信息, 为完善食用菌品质评价体系奠定基础。
食用菌: 猴头菇(沧州华海顺达粮油调料有限公司); 双孢蘑菇(五河众兴菌业科技有限公司); 蟹味菇、白玉菇(成都丰科生物科技有限公司); 虫草花(山东农发菌业集团有限公司); 黑木耳(襄阳天马众合商贸有限公司); 银耳、平菇、杏鲍菇、金针菇、姬菇(武汉市强鑫蔬菜产销专业合作社); 大球盖菇(黄色品种)、大球盖菇(褐色品种)(湖北省农业科学院食用菌栽培基地); 香菇(湖北长久菌业有限公司); 灰树花(湖北金顶生态农业科技有限公司); 裂褶菌(武汉普天乐农业科技公司)。
腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、次黄嘌呤标准品(色谱纯, 纯度≥99%, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 甲醇、乙酸、乙酸铵(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); 高氯酸(分析纯, 上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司); 磷酸二氢钾、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
FA2004B电子天平(精度0.1 g, 上海越平科学仪器制造有限公司); LC-20A高效液相色谱仪(日本岛津公司); 3K15台式离心机(美国Sigma公司); 0.45 μm水系(有机系)滤膜、GM-0.33A无油真空泵(天津津腾实验设备有限公司); 雷磁pHS-3E型精密pH计(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司); Venusil C18 Plus色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)(天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司); Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)[岛津技迩(上海)商贸有限公司]。
参照GB 5009.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》, 对食用菌中的水分含量进行测定。
参考王梓杭等[17]的方法提取香菇中4种嘌呤。干制食用菌研磨成粉后准确称取0.6 g; 新鲜食用菌用破壁机打磨成匀浆后准确称取3 g, 加入25% (V:V)高氯酸溶液15 mL混合均匀, 置于100 ℃恒温水浴1 h后, 冰浴降至室温。调节pH至7.0, 定容至35 mL, 离心, 取上清液3 mL, 调节pH至4.0, 定容至10 mL, 随后离心, 取上清液2 mL, 将其过滤, 以用于分析。
(1)色谱柱
分别选用Venusil C18 Plus色谱柱(4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm)、Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为pH为4.0的50 mmol/L乙酸铵:甲醇=99:1 (V:V), 进样量10 μL, 柱温为30 ℃, 流速为0.8 mL/min, 检测波长254 nm, 比较两种色谱柱对4种嘌呤化合物的分离效果。
(2)乙酸铵溶液浓度
以乙酸铵:甲醇=99:1 (V:V)为流动相, 乙酸铵浓度分别为20、50、80 mmol/L, pH为4.0, 进样量10 μL, 柱温为30 ℃, 流速为0.8 mL/min, 检测波长为254 nm, 比较3种乙酸铵浓度对嘌呤化合物的分离效果。
(3)乙酸铵溶液pH
以50 mmol/L乙酸铵:甲醇=99:1 (V:V)为固定条件, 乙酸铵分别设置pH为3.8、4.0和4.2, 进样量10 μL, 柱温为30 ℃, 流速为0.8 mL/min, 检测波长为254 nm, 考察流动相在不同pH条件下对嘌呤色谱峰的分离影响程度。
(4)流动相比例
确定乙酸铵的浓度和pH后, 以50 mmol/L乙酸铵(pH 4.0)和甲醇作为流动相, 分别设置乙酸铵和甲醇体积比为95:5、97:3、和99:1, 样品进样量10 μL, 柱温为30 ℃, 流速为0.8 mL/min, 检测波长为254 nm, 比较不同流动相比例对4种嘌呤化合物的分离情况。
(5)流速
以pH为4.0的50 mmol/L乙酸铵:甲醇=97:3 (V:V)为流动相, 分别设置流速0.6、0.8、1.0 mL/min 3个组, 进样量10 μL, 柱温为30 ℃, 检测波长为254 nm, 观察不同流速对4种嘌呤化合物的分离情况。
(6)柱温
以pH为4.0的50 mmol/L乙酸铵:甲醇=97:3 (V:V)为流动相, 分别选择25、30、35 ℃ 3个温度, 进样量10 μL, 流速为0.6 mL/min, 检测波长为254 nm, 对4种嘌呤化合物进行分离, 确定最适温度。
(1)色谱分析条件
经优化后的色谱条件为: 使用Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), 流动相为50 mmol/L乙酸铵(pH 4.0)和甲醇, 比例为97:3 (V:V), 流速0.6 mL/min; 柱温30 ℃, 检测波长254 nm, 进样量10 μL。
(2)标准曲线的制备
分别称取次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤各2.0 mg, 溶于0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液中并定容至10 mL, 配制成200 μg/mL的标样储备液, 根据峰面积调整不同嘌呤标准品浓度, 配制混合标准品。以嘌呤质量浓度作为横坐标(X, mg/L), 峰面积为纵坐标(Y, mAu)绘制标准曲线。
(3)方法精密度、检出限和定量限
将嘌呤混合标准溶液, 分6次进样, 根据检测结果计算相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD), 测定方法精密度。以3倍信噪比和10倍信噪比确定检出限(limit of detection, LOD)和定量限(limit of quantification, LOQ)[18]
(4)样品中4种嘌呤含量的测定和加标回收实验
用蟹味菇样品进行加标回收率实验, 加入3种不同浓度的嘌呤混合标准品, 每组3份平行, 进行加标回收率实验, 回收率计算公式(1)如下所示:
$\text { 回收率 } / \%=\frac{\text { 加标样品测定值 }- \text { 样品测定值 }}{\text { 加标量 }} \times 100 \%$
每个实验重复3次, 采用Excel 2019进行数据分析和表格绘制, 采用Origin 2021软件绘图。
嘌呤是一类极性较强的化合物, 为了增强保留, 需要以高比例水相为流动相进行分析。为有效分离4种嘌呤, 比较了Venusil C18 Plus色谱柱(4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm)和Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) 2种色谱柱对嘌呤混标的分离效果(图1)。从图1可以看出Insert Sustain AQ-C18水相色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)分离效果优于Venusil C18 Plus色谱柱(4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm), 尤其对于次黄嘌呤和鸟嘌呤, Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)可以完全消除肩峰, 这可能与其基质上的极性基团具有更好耐受水相的特性有关。因此, 选择Insert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)进行后续色谱条件筛选和样品分析。
在前期研究中比较了以磷酸盐和乙酸铵作为流动相对4种嘌呤的分离效果, 发现乙酸铵作为流动相分离效果优于磷酸盐, 因此, 本研究选择乙酸铵作为流动相盐。有报道指出, 流动相中盐的浓度对4种嘌呤的分离十分重要, 盐浓度过高或过低都会使分离效果变差[19]。因此, 本研究比较了20、50和80 mmol/L乙酸铵为流动相组分对4种嘌呤分离效果的影响。从图2可以看出, 随着乙酸铵浓度的增加, 4种嘌呤的出峰时间提前。但当乙酸铵浓度为20 mmol/L和80 mmol/L时, 鸟嘌呤和黄嘌呤分离效果差, 从峰面积推测两组分峰重合, 无法分离(图2A、2C)。当乙酸铵浓度为50 mmol/L时, 4种嘌呤能够较好的分离(图2B), 因此基于分离效果, 确定以50 mmol/L乙酸铵作为流动相进行后续研究。
流动相中盐溶液的pH对4种嘌呤的分离效果具有显著影响[20], pH的选择不仅要保证嘌呤活性不受影响, 还要保证4种嘌呤的完全分离。不同pH乙酸铵做流动相对4种嘌呤的分离效果如图3所示。从图3中可以看出, 乙酸铵pH为3.8时(图3A), 鸟嘌呤和黄嘌呤出现肩峰, 不能完全分开; 当pH增加到4.0时(图3B), 4种嘌呤可以完全分离开, 且峰形尖锐、完整, 出峰效果好。当pH为4.2时(图3C), 4种嘌呤可以完全分离开且峰形较好, 但峰面积有所下降, 检测准确度下降。综上, 选择pH为4.0的乙酸铵溶液进行后续实验。
有报道指出, 流动相比例对4种嘌呤化合物的出峰时间、峰高具有影响[21], 甲醇对嘌呤各组分的分离度影响较大[22]。从图4可以看出, 分别设置乙酸铵:甲醇为95:5、97:3和99:1 (V:V)时, 4种嘌呤化合物均能够完全分离, 但各物质的保留时间随甲醇比例的降低而逐渐延长[21], 这可能与甲醇的极性相关, 甲醇比例降低使流动相的极性增加, 削弱了洗脱能力, 导致嘌呤类化合物与固定相的相互作用增强, 从而延长了它们的保留时间。当乙酸铵:甲醇=95:5 (V:V)时, 嘌呤化合物的保留时间较短, 且前3个峰两两之间保留时间间隔较短, 分别为0.507 min和0.503 min。同样的, 当乙酸铵与甲醇比例为99:1 (V:V)时, 鸟嘌呤与黄嘌呤两峰之间间隔仅有0.647 min, 并且在24 min后4种嘌呤才完全分离。当调节乙酸铵:甲醇=97:3 (V:V)时, 峰形尖锐, 峰高于及峰面积优于其余条件下, 检测准确度高, 因此, 选择乙酸铵:甲醇=97:3 (V:V)作为流动相比例。
在上述条件下, 分别考察不同流速(0.6、0.8、1.0 mL/min)对嘌呤组分的分离效果, 如图5所示。当流速为0.6 mL/min时, 嘌呤组分间的分离效果较好, 色谱峰扩张比高流速的要大。随着流速增加, 减少了样品在柱中的停留时间, 导致样品与固定相的接触减少, 使得4种嘌呤组分的峰变窄同时保留时间均有所缩短, 且峰面积逐渐变小, 使检测准确度降低。此外, 有研究指出长时间高流速会使柱压升高, 损坏色谱柱, 缩短其使用寿命[20], 因此选择流速0.6 mL/min可有效提高检测准确度, 更好地保护色谱柱, 进行后续实验。
柱温对检测结果产生一定影响, 腺嘌呤和黄嘌呤受温度影响较大, 温度过高会分解[18]。因此, 本研究比较不同柱温(25、30、35℃)对嘌呤检测效果的影响。从图6可以看出, 温度升高在一定程度上会缩短物质的保留时间, 但当温度达到35 ℃时, 鸟嘌呤和黄嘌呤的分离能力也随之减弱, 峰间隔时间仅有0.758 min。鉴于保留时间、分离能力和实验环境, 本研究选用30 ℃作为最佳柱温。
采用上述筛选的液相色谱条件对混合标准品中的4种嘌呤化合物含量进行检测, 以峰面积(Y)及质量浓度(X, mg/L)绘制标准曲线, 对应的回归方程、相关系数、LODs和LOQs见表1。次黄嘌呤(1.250~40.000 mg/L)、鸟嘌呤(1.250~40.000 mg/L)、黄嘌呤(0.625~20.000 mg/L)和腺嘌呤(2.500~80.000 mg/L)在相应的检测浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r2)在0.9978~0.9981之间, 符合标准。该方法的LODs和LOQs分别在0.019~0.043 mg/L和0.063~0.143 mg/L之间。结果表明, 在定量分析的阈值范围内, 能够满足定量分析的需求。
表2所示, RSDs在0.78%~1.94%之间, 表明该方法的精密度良好, 适用于样品检测。
表3可以看出, 次黄嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤平均回收率分别为74.24%~91.51%、83.19%~95.56%、83.25%~102.62%、80.45%~86.80%, RSDs范围为1.15%~5.24%, 符合GB 5009.295—2023《食品安全国家标准 化学分析方法验证通则》规定的范围, 同时也说明采用酸水解的方法对食用菌中的嘌呤含量有一定的损失[23], 但损失不是很大。
将该方法应用于16种市售食用菌中4种嘌呤含量测定, 结果如表4所示。从表4中可以看出, 不同食用菌品种中嘌呤含量存在明显差异, 总嘌呤含量在90.96~ 416.70 mg/100 g DW。大多数食用菌以腺嘌呤为主, 其次是鸟嘌呤。这与徐傲[24]、靳羽慧等[25]研究结果相同。报道指出, 次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤是尿酸合成的关键前体物质[2627], 然而, 在本研究分析的食用菌中这两种嘌呤含量较低, 有的不能检出, 如在虫草花、黑木耳和平菇中未检测到次黄嘌呤, 而在猴头菇(干)、金针菇、虫草花、白玉菇、灰树花(干)、黑木耳、银耳、平菇、褐色大球盖菇(干)中均未检测到黄嘌呤。这也从侧面说明食用菌几乎不会引起高尿酸血症[8,28]
本研究中新鲜食用菌的嘌呤含量以鲜重计为10.82~52.99 mg/100 g FW(表5)。《中国营养科学全书》中指出在痛风急性发作期, 应严格控制嘌呤摄入量为100~150 mg/d, 正常人每天摄入量为600~1000 mg/d[2930]。虽然食用菌中主要嘌呤种类与致痛风的嘌呤不同, 但为保证健康与安全, 也为打消部分消费者的顾虑, 按照每日的摄入限量折算出痛风患者和正常人群每日市售新鲜食用菌的膳食指导限量如表5所示。从表5中可以看出, 即使处在急性痛风发作期, 每日摄入180 g以内的新鲜食用菌是安全的, 而普通健康人群的最小安全摄入量为1130 g, 远高于消费者日常膳食摄入量。因此, 根据表5推荐痛风急性发作期病人可选择黑木耳、银耳、平菇、蟹味菇等低嘌呤食用菌, 缓解期可选择双孢蘑菇和香菇。普通健康人群可根据个人喜好选择新鲜食用菌, 不会引起高尿酸血症, 反而可能会对预防高尿酸血症有益作用[89]
然而, 本研究所用食用菌原料有限, 有文献[17]指出蛋白质、维生素、矿物质、多糖、氨基酸等营养成分含量, 以及食用菌品种[25]、组织部位[31]、产地[14]、潮次[32]、栽培基质和栽培方式[24]、贮藏方式[33]和烹饪方式[34]均会对食用菌的嘌呤含量产生影响, 因此, 为获得更加全面、准确的食用菌膳食指南, 后续有必要扩大原料收集范围开展更加深入研究, 以全面掌握这些因素对嘌呤含量的影响, 并建立更加完善的食用菌膳食指南, 科学指导消费者根据自身健康状况科学的选择食用菌。此外, 还应结合适当的贮藏和烹饪方式, 以减少嘌呤的摄入。
本研究建立了可同时测定食用菌中腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤4种嘌呤化合物的HPLC检测方法。采用Insert Sustain水相C18色谱柱, 以50 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(pH 4.0)和甲醇为流动相, 体积比为97:3, 流速0.6 mL/min, 柱温30 ℃。经方法学验证, 此方法具有较广的线性范围且精密度高, 相关系数(r2)在0.9978~0.9981之间, 方法LODs为0.019~0.043 mg/L, 平均加标回收率在74.24%~102.62%范围。应用此方法对16种市售食用菌中嘌呤含量进行了测定, 发现不同种类食用菌中嘌呤含量差别较大, 其中, 在大多数食用菌中, 腺嘌呤含量高, 鸟嘌呤次之, 次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤含量较少。结合《中国营养科学全书》中嘌呤摄入量控制, 确定了现有市售食用菌的膳食量。然而, 本研究所用食用菌原料有限, 后续还应扩大原料收集范围, 以获得更加全面、准确的食用菌膳食指南。
  • 湖北省重点研发技术项目(2022BBA0024)
  • 湖北省重点研发技术项目(2023BBB138)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241105005
  • 接收时间:2024-11-05
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05
基金
湖北省重点研发技术项目(2022BBA0024)
湖北省重点研发技术项目(2023BBB138)
作者信息
    1.湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院, 武汉 430000
    2.湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所, 武汉 430064
    3.农业农村部农产品冷链物流技术重点实验室, 武汉 430064

通讯作者:

* 范秀芝(1984—), 女, 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为食用菌活性物质合成调控及精深加工。E-mail:
张玉(1982—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品酿造技术与工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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