Article(id=1153986649261335108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240726001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721923200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061457219, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061457219, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061457219, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061457219, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=58, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986650632872573, articleId=1153986649261335108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321526759957, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Detection and Prevention and Control of Biotoxins in Food, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles with liquid-liquid dispersion extraction and multifunctional purification by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Rice noodle samples were added with isotopic internal standards, and extracted by shaking with acetonitrile water (80:20, V:V) for 25 min. After liquid-liquid dispersion extraction, a multifunctional purification column was used for purification. The 8 kinds of target compounds were separated on HSS T3 column, with acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid) used as the mobile phase for gradient elution, and detected under positive and negative ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode, determined with retention time and characteristic ion pairs, quantified with internal standard method. Results This method had a good linear relationship in detecting 8 kinds of fungal toxins within the corresponding range. The correlation coefficients (r) of the target compounds were 0.9954-0.9998. The limits of detection were 0.10-10.00 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.30-30.00 μg/kg. The average recoveries of rice noodle samples at low, middle and high standard additions were 75.8%-112.0%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.9%-5.9%. The detection and analysis of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in 21 kinds of rice noodle samples in the market showed that all the toxins were detected except HT-2. Conclusion The pretreatment of sample is simple, the method is accurate and sensitive, which can be used to determine the content of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Jiang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lai-Ying ZHANG, Zhi-Rong ZHANG, Ju WANG, Ming-Xi YANG, Yun-Bing LI, Yu-Jiang WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986659520603023, articleId=1153986649261335108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定米粉中8种真菌毒素, columnId=1151895321669366295, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品中生物毒素检测与防控, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种液液分散-净化柱处理, 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定米粉中8种真菌毒素的分析方法。方法 米粉样品中加入同位素内标, 用乙腈-水(80:20, V:V)振荡提取25 min, 液液分散萃取, 多功能净化柱净化, 采用HSS T3液相色谱柱分离待测物, 以乙腈-水(0.1%甲酸)为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子化, 正、负离子扫描, 多重反应监测模式, 保留时间和特征离子对定性, 内标法定量。结果 该方法检测8种真菌毒素在对应的范围内线性关系良好, 线性相关系数(r)为0.9954~0.9998, 方法检出限为0.10~10.00 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30~30.00 μg/kg。分别测定低、中、高3种添加水平的加标样品, 回收率为75.8%~112.0%, 相对标准偏差为2.9%~5.9%。对市售的21种米粉样品中的8种真菌毒素进行检测分析, 除HT-2外7种毒素均有检出。结论 本方法样品前处理步骤简单, 检测结果精密准确、灵敏度较好, 适用于米粉中8种真菌毒素的检测。

, correspAuthors=王玉江, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王玉江(1970—), 男, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检测。E-mail:
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张来颖(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全监测、理化检测。E-mail:

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张来颖(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全监测、理化检测。E-mail:

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张来颖(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全监测、理化检测。E-mail:

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Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183427992840712539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, companyId=1183427992828129625, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1183427992974930268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183427992983318877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, companyId=1183427992974930268, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183427992987513182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, companyId=1183427992974930268, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 唐山 063210)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1183427995004973443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chromatograms of 8 kinds of fungal toxins detected in rice noodles using this method, figureFileSmall=2/9bEaskIizpGhHty7dJIQ==, figureFileBig=qW5YnDTv60SfonvRV7hgDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183427995093053828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=CN, label=图1, caption=应用本方法检测米粉中8种真菌毒素色谱图

注: SP-KB为阴性空白色谱图; SP-SD为阳性添加色谱图; SP-001为阳性样品1色谱图; SP-002为阳性样品2色谱图。

, figureFileSmall=2/9bEaskIizpGhHty7dJIQ==, figureFileBig=qW5YnDTv60SfonvRV7hgDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183427995185328517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Standard curve concentrations of 8 fungal toxins (ng/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
真菌毒素 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
DON 10.00 20.00 40.00 80.00 160.00 240.00
AFT* 0.10 0.50 1.00 2.00 4.00 8.00
HT-2 5.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 80.00 160.00
T-2 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 100.00
ZEN 0.50 5.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 100.00
13C17-AFT* 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
13C18-ZEN 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
13C15-DON 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995273408902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

8种真菌毒素标准曲线浓度(ng/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
真菌毒素 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
DON 10.00 20.00 40.00 80.00 160.00 240.00
AFT* 0.10 0.50 1.00 2.00 4.00 8.00
HT-2 5.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 80.00 160.00
T-2 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 100.00
ZEN 0.50 5.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 100.00
13C17-AFT* 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
13C18-ZEN 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00
13C15-DON 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995374072199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gradient elution program of liquid chromatography

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 乙腈/% 0.1%甲酸水/%
0.00 10.0 90.0
1.00 10.0 90.0
6.00 95.0 5.0
7.00 95.0 5.0
8.00 10.0 90.0
11.00 10.0 90.0
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995436986760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

液相色谱梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 乙腈/% 0.1%甲酸水/%
0.00 10.0 90.0
1.00 10.0 90.0
6.00 95.0 5.0
7.00 95.0 5.0
8.00 10.0 90.0
11.00 10.0 90.0
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995483124105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mass spectrometric parameters of the target compounds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 电离模式 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 去簇电压/V 碰撞能量/eV
ZEN ESI- 316.9 175.0* -60 -32.02
130.9 -38.01
13C18-ZEN ESI- 335.1 185.0 -60 -33.92
DON ESI+ 297.2 249.1* 80 15.67
203.0 19.00
13C15-DON ESI+ 312.1 263.2 80 14.97
T-2 ESI+ 489.2 387.0* 80 28.22
245.4 36.95
HT-2 ESI+ 447.2 345.2* 80 23.22
285.1 26.89
AFTB1 ESI+ 313.0 284.9* 80 32.92
268.8 43.80
13C17-AFTB1 ESI+ 330.0 284.2 80 44.52
AFTB2 ESI+ 315.1 287.0* 80 35.17
258.9 42.80
13C17-AFTB2 ESI+ 332.0 273.1 80 41.99
AFTG1 ESI+ 328.9 243.0* 80 36.76
214.8 45.65
13C17-AFTG1 ESI+ 346.0 257.2 80 40.79
AFTG2 ESI+ 339.0 285.0* 80 40.70
245.0 48.15
13C17-AFTG2 ESI+ 348.1 259.1 80 42.10
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995613147530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

目标化合物质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 电离模式 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 去簇电压/V 碰撞能量/eV
ZEN ESI- 316.9 175.0* -60 -32.02
130.9 -38.01
13C18-ZEN ESI- 335.1 185.0 -60 -33.92
DON ESI+ 297.2 249.1* 80 15.67
203.0 19.00
13C15-DON ESI+ 312.1 263.2 80 14.97
T-2 ESI+ 489.2 387.0* 80 28.22
245.4 36.95
HT-2 ESI+ 447.2 345.2* 80 23.22
285.1 26.89
AFTB1 ESI+ 313.0 284.9* 80 32.92
268.8 43.80
13C17-AFTB1 ESI+ 330.0 284.2 80 44.52
AFTB2 ESI+ 315.1 287.0* 80 35.17
258.9 42.80
13C17-AFTB2 ESI+ 332.0 273.1 80 41.99
AFTG1 ESI+ 328.9 243.0* 80 36.76
214.8 45.65
13C17-AFTG1 ESI+ 346.0 257.2 80 40.79
AFTG2 ESI+ 339.0 285.0* 80 40.70
245.0 48.15
13C17-AFTG2 ESI+ 348.1 259.1 80 42.10
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995688645003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression equations, correlation coefficients, limits of detection and limits of quantification of the target compounds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 回归方程 相关系数 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg) 线性范围/(μg/kg)
AFTB1 Y=707158X+33813 0.9964 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
AFTB2 Y=788283X+216324 0.9954 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
AFTG1 Y=921544X+146290 0.9979 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
AFTG2 Y=275479X+73868 0.9971 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
T-2 Y=20507X-2375.3 0.9998 0.50 1.50 1.00~100.00
HT-2 Y=1548.5X+8356.7 0.9997 1.00 3.00 5.00~160.00
DON Y=2936.8X+29288 0.9984 10.00 30.00 10.00~240.00
ZEN Y=37013X+42733 0.9965 0.50 1.50 0.50~100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995776725388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

目标化合物的回归方程、相关系数、检出限及定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称 回归方程 相关系数 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg) 线性范围/(μg/kg)
AFTB1 Y=707158X+33813 0.9964 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
AFTB2 Y=788283X+216324 0.9954 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
AFTG1 Y=921544X+146290 0.9979 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
AFTG2 Y=275479X+73868 0.9971 0.10 0.30 0.10~8.00
T-2 Y=20507X-2375.3 0.9998 0.50 1.50 1.00~100.00
HT-2 Y=1548.5X+8356.7 0.9997 1.00 3.00 5.00~160.00
DON Y=2936.8X+29288 0.9984 10.00 30.00 10.00~240.00
ZEN Y=37013X+42733 0.9965 0.50 1.50 0.50~100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1183427995894165901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Precisions and standard recoveries experiment of 8 kinds of fungal toxins at different standard addition concentrations (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 加标质量浓度/(μg/L) 回收率/% RSDs/%
AFTB1 0.50 102.5 3.3
2.00 112.0 4.2
8.00 105.0 5.1
AFTB2 0.50 89.0 5.0
2.00 95.1 3.3
8.00 99.6 5.0
AFTG1 0.50 98.9 3.3
2.00 93.4 3.5
8.00 100.9 3.9
AFTG2 0.50 102.0 4.6
2.00 75.8 5.7
8.00 75.8 4.2
T-2 5.00 101.3 4.3
20.00 98.3 4.2
100.00 102.7 4.3
HT-2 10.00 101.8 4.8
40.00 104.6 5.9
160.00 105.0 5.5
DON 20.00 112.0 3.8
80.00 111.7 5.8
240.00 102.0 5.1
ZEN 5.00 98.9 2.9
20.00 106.0 3.1
100.00 102.0 5.7
), ArticleFig(id=1183427996028383630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986649261335108, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同加标浓度下8种真菌毒素的精密度和回收率(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 加标质量浓度/(μg/L) 回收率/% RSDs/%
AFTB1 0.50 102.5 3.3
2.00 112.0 4.2
8.00 105.0 5.1
AFTB2 0.50 89.0 5.0
2.00 95.1 3.3
8.00 99.6 5.0
AFTG1 0.50 98.9 3.3
2.00 93.4 3.5
8.00 100.9 3.9
AFTG2 0.50 102.0 4.6
2.00 75.8 5.7
8.00 75.8 4.2
T-2 5.00 101.3 4.3
20.00 98.3 4.2
100.00 102.7 4.3
HT-2 10.00 101.8 4.8
40.00 104.6 5.9
160.00 105.0 5.5
DON 20.00 112.0 3.8
80.00 111.7 5.8
240.00 102.0 5.1
ZEN 5.00 98.9 2.9
20.00 106.0 3.1
100.00 102.0 5.7
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高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定米粉中8种真菌毒素
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张来颖 1 , 张志荣 1 , 王菊 1 , 杨茗茜 2 , 李韵冰 1 , 王玉江 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中生物毒素检测与防控 2025,16(3): 58-64
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品中生物毒素检测与防控 2025, 16(3): 58-64
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定米粉中8种真菌毒素
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张来颖1 , 张志荣1, 王菊1, 杨茗茜2, 李韵冰1, 王玉江1, *
作者信息
  • 1.北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100071
  • 2.华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 唐山 063210
  • 张来颖(1984—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品安全监测、理化检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王玉江(1970—), 男, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检测。E-mail:
Determination of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Lai-Ying ZHANG1 , Zhi-Rong ZHANG1, Ju WANG1, Ming-Xi YANG2, Yun-Bing LI1, Yu-Jiang WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Fengtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
  • 2. College of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240726001
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目的 建立一种液液分散-净化柱处理, 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定米粉中8种真菌毒素的分析方法。方法 米粉样品中加入同位素内标, 用乙腈-水(80:20, V:V)振荡提取25 min, 液液分散萃取, 多功能净化柱净化, 采用HSS T3液相色谱柱分离待测物, 以乙腈-水(0.1%甲酸)为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾离子化, 正、负离子扫描, 多重反应监测模式, 保留时间和特征离子对定性, 内标法定量。结果 该方法检测8种真菌毒素在对应的范围内线性关系良好, 线性相关系数(r)为0.9954~0.9998, 方法检出限为0.10~10.00 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30~30.00 μg/kg。分别测定低、中、高3种添加水平的加标样品, 回收率为75.8%~112.0%, 相对标准偏差为2.9%~5.9%。对市售的21种米粉样品中的8种真菌毒素进行检测分析, 除HT-2外7种毒素均有检出。结论 本方法样品前处理步骤简单, 检测结果精密准确、灵敏度较好, 适用于米粉中8种真菌毒素的检测。

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  米粉  /  真菌毒素

Objective To establish a method for the determination of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles with liquid-liquid dispersion extraction and multifunctional purification by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Rice noodle samples were added with isotopic internal standards, and extracted by shaking with acetonitrile water (80:20, V:V) for 25 min. After liquid-liquid dispersion extraction, a multifunctional purification column was used for purification. The 8 kinds of target compounds were separated on HSS T3 column, with acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid) used as the mobile phase for gradient elution, and detected under positive and negative ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode, determined with retention time and characteristic ion pairs, quantified with internal standard method. Results This method had a good linear relationship in detecting 8 kinds of fungal toxins within the corresponding range. The correlation coefficients (r) of the target compounds were 0.9954-0.9998. The limits of detection were 0.10-10.00 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.30-30.00 μg/kg. The average recoveries of rice noodle samples at low, middle and high standard additions were 75.8%-112.0%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.9%-5.9%. The detection and analysis of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in 21 kinds of rice noodle samples in the market showed that all the toxins were detected except HT-2. Conclusion The pretreatment of sample is simple, the method is accurate and sensitive, which can be used to determine the content of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles.

high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  rice noodles  /  fungal toxins
张来颖, 张志荣, 王菊, 杨茗茜, 李韵冰, 王玉江. 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定米粉中8种真菌毒素. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 58 -64 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240726001
Lai-Ying ZHANG, Zhi-Rong ZHANG, Ju WANG, Ming-Xi YANG, Yun-Bing LI, Yu-Jiang WANG. Determination of 8 kinds of fungal toxins in rice noodles by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 58 -64 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240726001
真菌毒素主要是指真菌在其所污染的食品中产生的有毒代谢产物, 种类繁多, 对人畜均有致畸、致癌、致突变等危害。在粮食种植、存储、运输和加工等各个环节都可能产生[1-3], 是粮食尤其是谷物制品的主要污染物, 普遍存在于玉米、大米、小麦以及相关的加工产品中[4]。黄曲霉毒素B1 (aflatoxin B1, AFTB1)是已知的化学物质中致癌性最强的一种, 对人和动物具有强烈的毒性[5], 且分布最广, 其致癌、致突变、致畸性均居首位, 属于Ⅰ类致癌物[6]。玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)是主要存在于玉米作物中的污染物, 致畸作用强, 会引起雌性综合征, 对人和动物的健康有极大危害, 对粮食经济造成严重损失[7]。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON, 又称呕吐毒素)与HT-2毒素、T-2毒素属于单端孢霉烯族毒素, 其中T-2毒素毒性最强, HT-2毒素则是其在动物体内最主要的代谢物[8-9]。有研究报道, 全球72个国家的18757个农产品样品受到真菌毒素污染, 我国除T-2毒素外, 黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1、G2)、DON、伏马毒素(fumonisin, FB) (FB1、FB2、FB3)、ZEN、赭曲霉毒素A (ochratoxin, OTA)等检出率均超过25%, 混合污染是主要形式[10]。大米及米粉存在一种或多种真菌毒素污染的情况[11], 由于后期加工及储存条件的原因, 真菌毒素的污染较为严重[12], 因此针对米粉及其制品的基质特点进行样品前处理, 建立一种方便快捷准确的检测方法, 对监测该类样品的真菌毒素污染状况尤为重要。
米粉及其制品在我国食品消费中占有较高比例, 尤其是在我国东部和南部稻米主产区, 当地居民多作为主食摄入, 该类食品的真菌毒素污染状况对人群健康的影响值得关注[13]。目前我国国家标准仅针对部分食品的部分真菌毒素做了限量规定[14-15], 覆盖面小, 如规定了玉米粉中AFTB1最高限量值为20 μg/kg, DON最高限量值为1000 μg/kg, ZEN最高限量值为60 μg/kg, 以及大米中AFTB1最高限量值为10 μg/kg, 对其他毒素未做限量规定, 因此建立一种快速、准确的食品中真菌毒素的检测方法, 在推进国家食品安全限量标准方面有重要的意义。目前针对真菌毒素的检测方法主要有荧光生物传感器法[16]、液相色谱法[17-18]、薄层色谱法[19-20]、气相色谱法[21]和酶联免疫吸附测定法[22]等。薄层色谱法程序复杂、可重复性和再现性差; 酶联免疫吸附测定法虽有较高的选择性, 但无法准确定量, 同时易受基质干扰产生假阳性[23]。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法具有灵敏度和选择性高的特点[24-26], 适用于多组分同时测定分析, 成为同时检测大批量多种真菌毒素方法的趋势[27-28]。本研究针对米粉样品的基质特点研究8种真菌毒素的提取条件, 采用液液分散、多功能净化小柱等多种手段[29-30], 比较不同提取净化条件对目标化合物的提取效果, 通过对提取方法的选择、色谱分离条件和质谱条件进行优化, 建立适用于米粉中8种真菌毒素的分析检测方法, 以期为米粉中真菌毒素的监测提供参考。
21件米粉样品分别来自本地超市和农贸市场, 其中12件为定型包装, 9件为散装。
乙腈、甲醇(色谱纯, 美国Supelco公司); 甲酸(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 标准品: AFTB1 (CAS: 1162-65-8, 纯度99.9%)、AFTB2 (CAS: 7220-81-7, 纯度99.9%)、AFTG1 (CAS: 1165-39-5, 纯度96.1%)、AFTG2 (CAS: 7241-98-7, 纯度99.9%)、ZEN (CAS: 17924-92-4, 纯度99.9%)、DON (CAS: 51481-10-8, 纯度98.3%)、HT-2毒素(CAS: 26934-87-2, 纯度99.9%)、T-2毒素(CAS: 21259-20-1, 纯度99.0%)、AFTB1同位素内标(13C17-AFTB1, CAS: 1217449-45-0, 纯度99.0%)、AFTB2同位素内标(13C17-AFTB2, CAS: 1217470-98-8, 纯度99.0%)、AFTG1同位素内标(13C17-AFTG1, CAS: 1217444-07-9, 纯度99.0%)、AFTG2同位素内标(13C17-AFTG2, CAS: 1217462-49-1, 纯度99.0%)、ZEN同位素内标(13C18-ZEN, CAS: 911392-43-3, 纯度99.5%)、DON同位素内标(13C15-DON, CAS: 911392-36-4, 纯度99.2%)(天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)。
SCIEX QTRAP 6500+高效液相色谱-质谱仪(美国SCIEX公司); SIGMA 3K15高速低温离心机(美国SIGMA公司); Multi Reax旋涡振荡器(德国海道夫公司); RVC 2-33 CDplus离心浓缩机(德国CHRIST公司); Milli-Q纯水仪(德国Merck Millipore公司); JYL-D025料理机(山东九阳股份有限公司); MCA225S-2CCN-l分析天平(十万分之一, 瑞士梅特勒托利多公司); Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)(美国Waters公司); Nylon66 0.22 μm针筒式滤膜过滤器(天津津腾公司); Mycosep® 226 AflaZon+Multifunctional Columns多功能净化柱(美国Romer Labs公司)。
使用8种真菌毒素的标准溶液和同位素内标工作液, 准确移取一定体积, 加入乙腈配制成一系列标准曲线工作溶液。准确吸取40 μL 25.00 μg/mL的ZEN内标(13C18-ZEN)溶液和160 μL 25.00 μg/mL的DON内标(13C15-DON)溶液于1.5 mL的样品瓶中, 加入乙腈至1.00 mL, 配制混合同位素内标工作液。8种真菌毒素标准曲线浓度见表1
样品制备: 将干米粉使用均质器打碎至粒径小于2 mm, 混合均匀, 装入50 mL离心管中, 做好标记备用。针对湿米粉, 将其剁碎后使用研钵进行研磨, 研磨至粒径小于2 mm, 混合均匀, 装入50 mL离心管中, 做好标记备用。准确称量2.00 g试样(精确至0.01 g)于50 mL离心管中。
样品净化: 分别将20 μL的13C18-ZEN和13C15-DON的混合同位素内标工作液和40 μL 0.05 μg/mL黄曲霉毒素混合同位素内标溶液加入50 mL离心管中, 然后加入20 mL乙腈-水(80:20, V:V)提取溶液, 盖好离心管盖, 涡旋混匀25 min。涡旋结束, 向各管中加入盐析包后混匀, 8000 r/min低温离心10 min。使用Mycosep® 226多功能净化柱准确转移10 mL上层有机相至15 mL离心管中, 真空浓缩至近干, 加入1 mL乙腈-水(20:80, V:V)溶液复溶, 取上清液通过0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤至1.5 mL样品瓶, 待上机检测。
色谱条件: 色谱柱Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm); 流动相: 乙腈-水(0.1%甲酸); 流速: 0.40 mL/min; 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样量: 5 μL。
液相色谱流动相梯度洗脱程序见表2
质谱条件: 采用电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI), 正负离子模式同时扫描[27]; 离子源温度550 ℃; 喷雾电压: 5.5 kV(+), 4.5 kV(-); 雾化气压力: 50.0 psi; 辅助加热气压力: 55.0 psi; 气帘气: 35.0 psi; 扫描方式: 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring mode, MRM)模式, 具体参数见表3
本研究检测数据的定性定量分析在SCIEX DataManger软件中完成, 所有样品测定结果均以3次平行测定得到平均值。数据分析利用Microsoft Excel 2023进行数据录入和整理, 采用IBM SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。图形的绘制由OriginPro 2016完成。
将DON、ZEN、T-2、HT-2、AFTB1、AFTB2、AFTG1、AFTG2 8种真菌毒素分别配制成200 ng/mL的工作液, 通过针泵进样, 在ESI条件下进行全扫描, 选择合适的正、负离子模式, 进行一级质谱扫描得到8种真菌毒素的母离子信息, 施加碰撞能量对母离子峰进行二级质谱分析得到子离子信息。分别优化各真菌毒素的碰撞能量与去簇电压, 目标化合物优化后的质谱参数见表3
BEH C18色谱柱填充材料为杂化硅胶颗粒, 适合非极性和中等极性化合物; HSS T3色谱柱填充颗粒为高强度硅胶, 增强极性化合物的保留, 减弱疏水性化合物保留, 与100%水相完全兼容; CSH C18色谱柱表面带电杂化, 改善低离子强度流动相的上样能力和峰形, 重现性更好。本研究分别选择BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)、HSS T3 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)和CSH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) 3种色谱柱进行研究, 分析这3种色谱柱对目标化合物的分离效果。本研究所检测的8种真菌毒素均属于极性化合物, 在乙腈-0.1%甲酸水体系中, 相较于BEH C18色谱柱和CSH C18色谱柱, HSS T3色谱柱对8种目标化合物的响应程度普遍较高, 分离效果更好。因此, 选择HSS T3色谱柱。
实验比较了4种提取溶剂(乙腈、80%乙腈-水、50%乙腈-水、80%甲醇-水)的提取效果, 从基线稳定程度分析, 50%乙腈-水、80%甲醇-水两种体系基线不稳定, DON的色谱峰杂乱; 从信号强度分析, 乙腈、80%甲醇-水两种体系中各毒素信号强度低、响应值差, 各组分含量低; 80%乙腈-水体系基线较为稳定、干扰少, 各毒素信号强度高。因此, 选择80%乙腈-水作为提取溶剂。
本研究选取了A (Mycosep® 226 AflaZon+ Multifunctional Columns)、B (PRiME HLB Extraction Cartridges)、C (MCX Extraction Cartridges)、D (HLB Extraction Cartridges)、E (Captiva EMR)、F (Dispersive SPE: Vet Drugs in Foods)、G (Dispersive 15mL Universal kit)等7种净化方式进行比较净化效果。在浓缩过程时, 使用F和G两种净化柱的样品浓缩时长远超其他。使用D、E、F 3种净化柱, 样品检测峰型差、干扰较多; B、C两种净化柱基线较为不稳定; A、G两种净化柱对AFTB1、AFTB2、AFTG1、AFTG2及DON 5种真菌毒素的净化效果相当, 但对于ZEN、T-2、HT-2 3种毒素, A净化柱的净化效果远高于G。综合考虑, 选择A (Mycosep® 226 AflaZon+ Multifunctional Columns)进行处理净化, 8种真菌毒素的提取效率均较高, 且操作简便、成本较低。
测定8种真菌毒素的标准系列溶液, 以质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/L), 以峰面积为纵坐标(Y)绘制标准曲线, 得到8种化合物的线性回归方程、相关系数以及线性范围。各目标化合物在对应的范围内具有良好的线性关系, 线性相关系
数为0.9954~0.9998。以3倍信噪比(S/N)计算检出限, 10倍信噪比(S/N)计算定量限, 检出限为0.10~10.00 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30~30.00 μg/kg, 结果见表4。该方法检出限和定量限低于GB 2761—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中真菌毒素限量》的限量要求, 能够满足日常检测需求。
向实际食品样品中添加低、中、高浓度的混合内标溶液进行测定, 每组浓度做6个平行样品。计算得到每个加标浓度下8种目标分析物的加标回收率。结果显示, 3种加标浓度下8种目标物的平均回收率为75.8%~ 112.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为2.9%~5.9%。精密度和回收率结果见表5, 本方法符合相关标准要求, 能够满足米粉制品中真菌毒素的检测要求。
应用本研究建立的检测方法对21件市售米粉进行检测, 检测结果谱图如图1所示。21件米粉样品中检出率最高的是DON, 检出率76.2%, 检出浓度范围11.44~300.63 μg/kg; 其次是ZEN, 检出率71.4%, 检出浓度0.98~46.17 μg/kg; 再次是T-2毒素, 检出率61.9%, 检出浓度0.59~1.12 μg/kg; AFTB1检出率52.4%, 检出浓度0.18~4.15 μg/kg; AFTB2检出率14.3%, 检出浓度0.12~0.26 μg/kg; AFTG1和AFTG2仅有1件样品检出, 检出率4.8%, 检出浓度分别为0.34 μg/kg和0.12 μg/kg; HT-2毒素无检出。参照GB 2761—2017, 对比谷物及其制品中真菌毒素限量, AFTB1、ZEN、DON的限量标准, 本次检测阳性样品均未超标。
本研究实际检测的21件样品, 其中有8件为在冰箱冷冻存放的鲜米粉样品, 受污染情况普遍低于其他常温条件下存放的样品, 在北方的春夏季, 平均气温已经可以达到25 ℃左右, 推测常温存放的样品有可能因温度较高而产生真菌毒素, 真菌毒素的产生与储存条件有很大关系。
本研究通过对米粉的前处理过程及色谱条件和质谱条件进行优化, 建立了同时测定米粉中AFTB1、AFTB2、AFTG1、AFTG2、DON、T-2、HT-2及ZEN 8种真菌毒素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。采用液液分散萃取, Mycosep® 226 AflaZon+多功能净化柱净化, HSS T3色谱柱分离, 以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相, 进行梯度洗脱。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪, 正负离子MRM, 同位素内标法定量。通过方法学验证, 该方法操作简单, 准确度较好, 灵敏度较高, 适用于米粉中多组分真菌毒素含量的检测。目前缺少米粉类样品中多种真菌毒素同时测定的国家标准方法, 该方法的建立起到了补充和参考作用。相比液相色谱法、薄层色谱法、气相色谱法和酶联免疫吸附测定法等, 该检测方法具有更高的灵敏度和准确性, 对于承担大批量的米粉类样品中真菌毒素监测任务的检测机构来说, 能够提高检验检测效率和节约资源, 从而发挥重要的作用。
  • 科技新星计划项目2017(201821402)
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2025年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240726001
  • 接收时间:2024-07-26
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26
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科技新星计划项目2017(201821402)
作者信息
    1.北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100071
    2.华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 唐山 063210

通讯作者:

* 王玉江(1970—), 男, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为卫生理化检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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