Article(id=1153986646316933660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241204006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733241600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061456517, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061456517, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061456517, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061456517, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=220, endPage=225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986646899941920, articleId=1153986646316933660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Protective effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on alcoholic liver disease in mice, columnId=1153429494506447365, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Development and Detection of Health Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the protective effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on alcoholic liver disease in mice. Methods A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 mice each: The control group, the model group, the low dose group (67.5 mg/kg), the medium dose group (135.0 mg/kg) and the high dose group (270.0 mg/kg). The control group and the model group were gavaged with pure water, while the Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract groups were given with the corresponding concentrations of the test substance at 20 mL/kg. The Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract groups and model group were gavaged with 40% ethanol (10 mL/kg) 5 hours late for 14 days. The Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract groups and model group were fasted for 16 hours after the last gavage, then each was given 40% ethanol at 20 mL/kg. After weighing the fasting body weight of each group of mice, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and the liver was removed and weighed. Finally, determined the biochemical indices of serum and liver, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in liver. Results Compared with the model group, the medium and high dose groups of the serum triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). But the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). The content of TG in liver of high dose group was lower than the model group (P<0.01), the difference was statistical significance. Besides, the levels of IL-1β of the low and high dose groups were significantly decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract has a good protective effect on hepatic injury induced by alcohol in mice.

, correspAuthors=Min LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ming-Hao ZHAI, Guang-He QIN, Qing-Jian ZHAO, Li FENG, Zi LI, Min LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986652218319530, articleId=1153986646316933660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=三七须根提取液对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究, columnId=1153429494632276488, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究三七须根提取液对酒精引起小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 随机将50只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为对照组、模型组、低剂量组(67.5 mg/kg)、中剂量组(135.0 mg/kg)、高剂量组(270.0 mg/kg), 每组10只。对照组与模型组灌胃纯水, 三七须根提取液剂量组分别灌胃相应浓度的受试物20 mL/kg; 三七须根提取液剂量组与模型组5 h后灌胃40%乙醇10 mL/kg, 连续14 d, 最后一次灌胃后禁食16 h, 再分别给予20 mL/kg乙醇进行冲击。称量各组小鼠空腹体重后腹主动脉取血, 取肝脏称重, 后测定小鼠血清及肝匀浆生化指标以及白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)的水平。结果 三七须根提取液中、高剂量组与模型组相比, 血清中甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01); 肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)的含量较模型组显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01), 丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量极显著下降(P<0.01); 高剂量组肝脏中TG含量与模型组相比, 差异具有极显著性(P<0.01); 低、高剂量组IL-1β水平与模型组相比, 显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 三七须根提取液对酒精诱导的小鼠肝损伤有较好的保护作用。

, correspAuthors=刘敏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 刘敏(1977—), 女, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学安全性评价。E-mail:
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翟明昊(1992—), 男, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学安全性评价。E-mail:

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翟明昊(1992—), 男, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学安全性评价。E-mail:

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Food Science and Biotechnology, 2018, 27(5): 1475-1484., articleTitle=Protective effect of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed on oxidative stress and cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in mice, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428011757027483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428011761221788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, companyId=1183428011757027483, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428011765416093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, companyId=1183428011757027483, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南省疾病预防控制中心, 昆明 650022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1183428014609154244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on body weight and liver organ coefficient in mice (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 初始体重/g 最终体重/g 肝脏器系数/%
对照组 21.43±0.51 20.62±1.00 4.35±0.08
模型组 21.61±0.60 19.79±0.96 4.56±0.18
低剂量组 21.49±0.54 19.91±0.77 4.58±0.28
中剂量组 21.53±0.56 20.20±0.60 4.55±0.21
高剂量组 21.58±0.54 19.71±0.65 4.58±0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1183428014714011845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三七须根提取液对小鼠体重及肝脏器系数的影响(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 初始体重/g 最终体重/g 肝脏器系数/%
对照组 21.43±0.51 20.62±1.00 4.35±0.08
模型组 21.61±0.60 19.79±0.96 4.56±0.18
低剂量组 21.49±0.54 19.91±0.77 4.58±0.28
中剂量组 21.53±0.56 20.20±0.60 4.55±0.21
高剂量组 21.58±0.54 19.71±0.65 4.58±0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1183428014772732102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on biochemical indexes in the serum of mice (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 TC/(mmol/L) TG/(mmol/L) ALT/(U/L) AST/(U/L)
对照组 2.67±0.22 1.09±0.10 27.30±2.45 48.00±3.162
模型组 2.62±0.41 2.11±0.23** 54.00±11.22** 72.80±9.04**
低剂量组 2.72±0.35 1.22±0.38## 44.4±10.22**# 64.10±9.32**
中剂量组 2.61±0.27 1.11±0.36## 40.30±7.26**## 61.80±8.65**#
高剂量组 2.82±0.39 1.34±0.23## 36.10±4.48## 59.78±6.28*##
), ArticleFig(id=1183428014894366919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三七须根提取液对小鼠血清生化指标的影响(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 TC/(mmol/L) TG/(mmol/L) ALT/(U/L) AST/(U/L)
对照组 2.67±0.22 1.09±0.10 27.30±2.45 48.00±3.162
模型组 2.62±0.41 2.11±0.23** 54.00±11.22** 72.80±9.04**
低剂量组 2.72±0.35 1.22±0.38## 44.4±10.22**# 64.10±9.32**
中剂量组 2.61±0.27 1.11±0.36## 40.30±7.26**## 61.80±8.65**#
高剂量组 2.82±0.39 1.34±0.23## 36.10±4.48## 59.78±6.28*##
), ArticleFig(id=1183428014953087176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on biochemical indexes in mice liver (n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 TG/(mmol/g prot) SOD/(U/mg prot) MDA/(nmol/mg prot) GSH/(μmol/g prot) GSH-Px/(U/mg prot)
对照组 0.31±0.11 10.95±2.22 1.33±0.23 88.29±14.61 54.25±7.43
模型组 0.66±0.24** 9.43±2.43 1.61±0.34* 69.85±16.20* 20.06±4.10**
低剂量组 0.60±0.17** 10.89±1.83 1.56±0.09 87.04±8.26# 34.17±10.95**##
中剂量组 0.66±0.15** 12.30±2.31# 1.18±0.20## 119.70±15.51**## 37.43±7.78**##
高剂量组 0.39±0.15## 13.38±1.68*## 1.20±0.16## 129.20±17.88**## 42.89±7.19*##
), ArticleFig(id=1183428015045361865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

三七须根提取液对小鼠肝脏生化指标的影响(n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 TG/(mmol/g prot) SOD/(U/mg prot) MDA/(nmol/mg prot) GSH/(μmol/g prot) GSH-Px/(U/mg prot)
对照组 0.31±0.11 10.95±2.22 1.33±0.23 88.29±14.61 54.25±7.43
模型组 0.66±0.24** 9.43±2.43 1.61±0.34* 69.85±16.20* 20.06±4.10**
低剂量组 0.60±0.17** 10.89±1.83 1.56±0.09 87.04±8.26# 34.17±10.95**##
中剂量组 0.66±0.15** 12.30±2.31# 1.18±0.20## 119.70±15.51**## 37.43±7.78**##
高剂量组 0.39±0.15## 13.38±1.68*## 1.20±0.16## 129.20±17.88**## 42.89±7.19*##
), ArticleFig(id=1183428015133442250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on cytokines levels in mice liver (n=10, pg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 IL-1β IL-6
对照组 9.96±3.79 64.75±17.03
模型组 11.36±3.03* 104.1±47.76*
低剂量组 7.00±3.39## 83.11±16.05
中剂量组 10.75±3.08 81.76±26.46
高剂量组 8.24±3.88# 80.79±26.71
), ArticleFig(id=1183428015196356811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986646316933660, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三七须根提取液对小鼠肝脏细胞因子的影响(n=10, pg/mL)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 IL-1β IL-6
对照组 9.96±3.79 64.75±17.03
模型组 11.36±3.03* 104.1±47.76*
低剂量组 7.00±3.39## 83.11±16.05
中剂量组 10.75±3.08 81.76±26.46
高剂量组 8.24±3.88# 80.79±26.71
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三七须根提取液对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究
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翟明昊 , 秦光和 , 赵青剑 , 冯丽 , 李姿 , 刘敏 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025,16(3): 220-225
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025, 16(3): 220-225
三七须根提取液对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究
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翟明昊 , 秦光和, 赵青剑, 冯丽, 李姿, 刘敏*
作者信息
  • 云南省疾病预防控制中心, 昆明 650022
  • 翟明昊(1992—), 男, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学安全性评价。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 刘敏(1977—), 女, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学安全性评价。E-mail:
Protective effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on alcoholic liver disease in mice
Ming-Hao ZHAI , Guang-He QIN, Qing-Jian ZHAO, Li FENG, Zi LI, Min LIU*
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241204006
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目的 探究三七须根提取液对酒精引起小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 随机将50只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠分为对照组、模型组、低剂量组(67.5 mg/kg)、中剂量组(135.0 mg/kg)、高剂量组(270.0 mg/kg), 每组10只。对照组与模型组灌胃纯水, 三七须根提取液剂量组分别灌胃相应浓度的受试物20 mL/kg; 三七须根提取液剂量组与模型组5 h后灌胃40%乙醇10 mL/kg, 连续14 d, 最后一次灌胃后禁食16 h, 再分别给予20 mL/kg乙醇进行冲击。称量各组小鼠空腹体重后腹主动脉取血, 取肝脏称重, 后测定小鼠血清及肝匀浆生化指标以及白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)的水平。结果 三七须根提取液中、高剂量组与模型组相比, 血清中甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01); 肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)的含量较模型组显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01), 丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量极显著下降(P<0.01); 高剂量组肝脏中TG含量与模型组相比, 差异具有极显著性(P<0.01); 低、高剂量组IL-1β水平与模型组相比, 显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 三七须根提取液对酒精诱导的小鼠肝损伤有较好的保护作用。

三七须根  /  酒精性肝损伤  /  氧化应激  /  小鼠

Objective To explore the protective effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on alcoholic liver disease in mice. Methods A total of 50 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 mice each: The control group, the model group, the low dose group (67.5 mg/kg), the medium dose group (135.0 mg/kg) and the high dose group (270.0 mg/kg). The control group and the model group were gavaged with pure water, while the Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract groups were given with the corresponding concentrations of the test substance at 20 mL/kg. The Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract groups and model group were gavaged with 40% ethanol (10 mL/kg) 5 hours late for 14 days. The Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract groups and model group were fasted for 16 hours after the last gavage, then each was given 40% ethanol at 20 mL/kg. After weighing the fasting body weight of each group of mice, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and the liver was removed and weighed. Finally, determined the biochemical indices of serum and liver, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in liver. Results Compared with the model group, the medium and high dose groups of the serum triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). But the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). The content of TG in liver of high dose group was lower than the model group (P<0.01), the difference was statistical significance. Besides, the levels of IL-1β of the low and high dose groups were significantly decreased compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract has a good protective effect on hepatic injury induced by alcohol in mice.

Panax notoginseng fibrous root  /  alcoholic liver disease  /  oxidative stress  /  mice
翟明昊, 秦光和, 赵青剑, 冯丽, 李姿, 刘敏. 三七须根提取液对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 220 -225 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241204006
Ming-Hao ZHAI, Guang-He QIN, Qing-Jian ZHAO, Li FENG, Zi LI, Min LIU. Protective effects of Panax notoginseng fibrous root extract on alcoholic liver disease in mice[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 220 -225 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241204006
酒精性肝损伤(alcoholic liver disease, ALD)是长期过量饮酒引起的常见肝病, 也是肝源性死亡的主要原因[1]。其中最典型的症状包括脂肪变性、酒精性脂肪性肝炎、纤维化、肝硬化及其相关并发症[2]。已有文献表明, 2016年约300万人死于饮酒, 占全球所有死亡人数的5.3%, 其中大部分为男性[3]。近年来, 随着我国经济的发展和生活方式的改变, 我国的饮酒量大幅增加, 人均年酒精消费量从1987年的3.3 L上升到2016年的5.7 L, ALD的发病率也呈逐年上升的趋势, 在某些地区ALD已成为仅次于病毒性肝炎的第二大肝病[4-5]。其严重危害人民健康成为社会关注的主要公共问题之一, 目前临床上治疗ALD的药物十分有限, 因此开发具有预防ALD的高效、副作用小的药物具有重要意义。
三七(Panax notoginseng)为五加科人参属植物三七的干燥根, 其性甘、微苦, 温, 多用于活血化瘀、止血镇痛, 主要生长于云南省和广西壮族自治区, 人工栽培历史长达400年之久, 其药理作用广泛, 包括抗炎、活血、抗血栓、抗动脉粥样硬化、保肝护肝等[6-7]。查雨锋等[8]研究了三七不同部位提取物的外抗氧化功效, 结果显示三七各部位、特别是根部能提高细胞活力和抗氧化酶的活性。根据三七的植物形态可将其地下部分分为根茎、主根、侧根和须根[9]。三七须根与主根有类似的有效成分, 在云南民间具有悠久的食用历史, 如“三七须根汽锅鸡”“三七须根炖排骨”等, 是云南较为普遍的地方特色食品之一。三七须根活性成分包括皂苷类、多糖类、黄酮类、甾醇类化合物等, 其中总皂苷类具有抗肝纤维化、抗酒精性肝损伤、抗药物性肝损伤等作用[10-14]。郭宜欣等[15]对2021年10—12月份云南省、贵州省30批三七主根进行了皂苷含量的测定, 总皂苷含量约为10%, 最小值为6.0%, 最大值为16.9%。栾杰等[16]对2017年云南省38份三七须根进行了皂苷含量的测定, 其中总皂苷含量约为2.9%, 最小值为1.4%, 最大值为5.6%。虽然三七须根皂苷含量低于三七主根, 但三七须根与三七主根相比具有经济性的价格优势, 可进一步开发, 部分取代三七主根。本研究已完成三七须根安全性评价, 证实三七须根属实际无毒[17]
C57BL小鼠是1921年由Little用Abby Lathrop小鼠株交配而得, 毛色为黑色, 其具有高度的嗜酒精性特征, 是理想的酒精性肝损伤模型小鼠[18]。目前有关三七须根对ALD的相关研究较少, 本研究选用雄性C57BL/6J小鼠造酒精性肝损伤模型, 观察三七须根提取液对ALD的保护作用, 并探讨其可能的作用机制, 为三七须根进一步开发利用提供一定的科学依据。
三七须根购自云南白药集团三七产业有限公司。
谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)测定试剂盒、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)测定试剂盒、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)测定试剂盒、胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)测定试剂盒[贝克曼库尔特商贸(中国)有限公司]; 蛋白定量(total protein, TP)测定试剂盒、TG测定试剂盒、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)测定试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)测定试剂盒、微量还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)测定试剂盒、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)测定试剂盒、白介素-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)测定试剂盒、白介素-6 (interleukin-6, IL-6)测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司); 戊巴比妥钠[中国医药(集团)上海化学试剂公司]; 无水乙醇(分析纯, 四川西陇化工有限公司)。
JJ223BC千分之一电子天平(常熟市双杰测试仪器厂); AU480全自动生化仪(美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司); SpectraMax Plus384全波长酶标仪(美国美谷分子仪器有限公司); Tissuelyser-192多样品组织研磨仪(上海净信实业发展有限公司)。
健康无特定病原体(specific pathogen free, SPF)级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(8周龄, 体重20~22 g) 50只, 由斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司提供, 实验动物生产许可证号: SYXK(京)2019-0010。整个实验期间, 动物可自由获取水和食物。饲养于云南省疾病预防控制中心动物房屏障环境实验室。实验动物使用许可证号: SYXK(滇)2020-0007。动物房采用12 h光照/黑暗周期, 相对湿度40%~70%, 室温23~25 ℃。本研究项目经云南省疾病预防控制中心实验动物伦理委员会审查批准, 动物伦理批准号: IACUC-JYZX(ZJ)-2022-03。
三七须根经粉碎成粉末, 过200目筛, 以醇提法[19]进行提取, 后以纯水为溶剂配制成各剂量受试物, 配制时充分混匀。委托云南省疾病预防控制中心理化实验室测得三七须根提取液总皂苷含量为13.5%。故三七须根组设低、中、高3个剂量组, 剂量分别为: 67.5、135.0、270.0 mg/kg。
50只C57BL/6J小鼠检疫后随机分成5组, 分别是对照组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组, 每组10只。
对照组与模型组灌胃纯水, 三七须根提取液剂量组分别灌胃充分混匀的相应浓度的受试物20 mL/kg; 三七须根提取液剂量组与模型组5 h后灌胃40%乙醇10 mL/kg, 连续14 d, 最后一次灌胃后禁食16 h, 再分别给予20 mL/kg 40%乙醇进行冲击。各组小鼠每3 d称量1次体重, 根据体重调整灌胃量。
称量小鼠空腹体重, 使用1%戊巴比妥钠0.12 mL/20 g BW腹腔注射麻醉小鼠。小鼠腹主动脉取血后, 处死小鼠, 称量小鼠肝脏的重量, 计算脏器系数。
小鼠腹主动脉取血后, 血浆于4 ℃, 3000 r/min, 离心10 min。取上层血清使用生化仪测定小鼠血清ALT、AST、TC、TG。
取血后立即颈椎脱臼处死动物, 取肝脏称重, 按重量:体积=1:9 (g:mL)的比例加入生理盐水, 冰水浴条件机械匀浆, 2500 r/min, 离心10 min, 再严格参照试剂盒说明书检测肝匀浆中TP、TG、MDA、SOD、GSH、GSH-Px。使用酶联免疫检测吸附测定试剂盒检测肝匀浆中IL-1β和IL-6的水平。
各组数据的统计分析使用GraphPad Prism7软件, 结果采用平均值±标准偏差($\bar{x}±s$x±s)表示, 多组样本间使用单因素方差分析(one way analysis of variance, ANOVA)后用Tukey's检验进行两两比较, 如P<0.05, 则认为差异有统计学意义。
对照组小鼠状况良好, 饮食正常, 活动自如。酒精灌胃后小鼠出现醉酒状态, 轻者出现动作迟缓, 行走不稳, 反抗力减弱, 重者嗜睡。各组均未观察到动物死亡。脏器系数又称脏体比, 是实验动物脏器和体重的比值, 其方法简单易行, 是评价脏器受损程度的常用指标之一。如表1所示, 各组小鼠最终体重以及肝脏器系数差异均无显著性(P>0.05), 说明在本实验条件下, 灌胃40%乙醇及各剂量三七须根提取液对小鼠体重以及肝脏器系数无显著性影响。
TC为血液中各种脂蛋白所含胆固醇的总和, 包括游离胆固醇和胆固醇酯。TG是脂肪酸在细胞内和血浆中储存和运输的主要形式[20]。当乙醇在机体内大量蓄积时, 在乙醇脱氢酶的催化作用下生成转化为乙酸, 抑制三羧酸循环, 使肝细胞的脂肪氧化能力减弱, 促进TG的合成和分泌, 也会降低肝细胞对TC的利用和代谢[21-22]。此次研究中, 各组小鼠血清中TC含量之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 模型组血清中TG极显著升高(P<0.01), 三七须根提取液各剂量组与模型组相比极显著下降(P<0.01)。ALT和AST为两种重要的转氨酶, 如果肝脏受损导致肝细胞变性, 肝细胞不能维持其结构的完整性, 从而使细胞膜通透性增加, 引发ALT和AST释放入血, 因此当血清中ALT和AST的活性显著升高, 则表明肝脏已严重损伤[23-24]。如表2所示, 模型组和低、中剂量组与对照组相比血清中ALT、AST含量极显著上升(P<0.01), 但中、高剂量组与模型组相比显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。提示三七须根提取液可降低血清中的脂类以及转氨酶活性从而保护肝功能。
体内自由基代谢平衡主要是通过机体抗氧化酶来维持, SOD、MDA、GSH和GSH-Px等均为氧化应激的标志物[25]。当机体摄入酒精时, SOD、GSH、GSH-Px等抗氧化水平降低, 同时促进TG的合成和分泌并产生脂质过氧化物MDA。如表3所示, 模型组和对照组相比小鼠肝脏中GSH、GSH-Px含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01), TG、MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01), 说明乙醇的过量摄入破坏了肝脏的抗氧化系统。而与模型组相比, 中、高剂量中SOD、GSH、GSH-Px的含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01), MDA含量极显著下降(P<0.01); 高剂量组TG含量与模型组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。提示三七须根提取液表现出一定的抗氧化功效, 有效抑制乙醇损伤的小鼠肝脏中的氧化应激水平, 减少脂质过氧化物的生成, 对肝脏具有一定的保护作用。
炎症反应是产生酒精性肝损伤的重要因素之一, 当乙醇产生的代谢物进入肝脏后, 导致肝细胞损伤和炎症反应, 诱导促炎细胞因子如IL-1β和IL-6的释放, 同时炎症反应反复激活NF-κB, 使炎症反应逐级扩大, 加剧肝组织损伤[22,26]。如表4所示, 模型组与对照组相比, IL-1β和IL-6均显著增加(P<0.05), 说明乙醇已诱发炎症反应。低剂量组和高剂量组与模型组相比, IL-1β水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01); 剂量组与模型组相比, IL-6差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
ALD是常见的慢性肝病, 被列为人类3大致死原因之一[27]。其发病机制较为复杂, 涉及氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、肠道生态失调等多方面原因[28]。饮用酒中主要成分为乙醇, 其在肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶的作用下生成乙醛, 再在乙醛脱氢酶的作用下进而转化为乙酸[29]。当乙醛脱氢酶活性降低时产生氧化损伤, 导致肝细胞完整性受损, 内含的转氨酶进入血液, 导致ALT和AST水平升高[30]。同时未被氧化的乙醛转化为活性氧, 导致氧化应激。SOD是清理体内超氧化自由基的天然内源性抗氧化酶, 能够促使H2O2和O2产生, SOD水平的升高说明肝脏抗氧化能力增强, SOD水平的下降则说明肝脏抗氧化能力减弱[31]。GSH-Px是机体内广泛存在的一种催化过氧化物分解的酶, 它能够特异的将还原型谷胱甘肽催化为氧化型谷胱甘肽, 从而保护细胞膜的结构和功能不受过氧化物的损伤[32]。GSH可与自由基、重金属等结合, 从而把机体内有害的毒物转化为无害的物质, 排出体外[33]。酒精进入体内后, 首先消耗GSH, 当GSH不足以清除酒精代谢产生的自由基时, 就会产生膜脂质过氧化反应损伤肝细胞。MDA是脂质过氧化物分解后形成的一种化合物, 积累过多会诱导细胞膜产生过氧化反应, 损坏细胞膜的结构与功能, 最终导致细胞坏死和凋亡并对机体造成损伤[34]。同时乙醇会刺激炎症反应的发生, 导致促炎细胞因子水平的升高。
本研究中, 模型组与对照组相比血清中ALT、AST与TG含量极显著升高(P<0.01); 肝脏中GSH、GSH-Px显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01), TG、MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01), 说明模型组小鼠肝脏已受损。三七须根提取液剂量组较模型组, 整体上显著降低小鼠血清中AST、ALT和TG含量(P<0.05或P<0.01), 可能其与肝细胞膜蛋白结合, 稳定细胞膜通透性, 抑制转氨酶入血有关。同时, 整体上三七须根提取液能够提高小鼠肝脏中SOD、GSH和GSH-Px的活性, 降低MDA的含量和TG水平, 下调IL-1β水平, 可证明三七须根提取液能够提高肝脏的抗氧化能力, 降低肝脏的脂质过氧化水平以及抑制肝脏的炎症反应, 对因酒精引起的受损肝脏具有一定保护作用, 保护机体免受进一步损伤。
综上, 三七须根提取液整体上可降低酒精性肝损伤小鼠血清TG、ALT、AST水平, 提高肝脏SOD、GSH和GSH-Px活性, 降低TG、MDA含量及IL-1β水平, 从而对酒精所致肝脏损伤起一定的保护作用。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241204006
  • 接收时间:2024-12-04
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04
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    云南省疾病预防控制中心, 昆明 650022

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* 刘敏(1977—), 女, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为食品毒理学安全性评价。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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